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JavaScript Notes

This document provides an introduction to JavaScript, including that it is a client-side scripting language used to add interactivity to HTML pages. It discusses how JavaScript can be embedded in HTML using internal and external scripts, and covers JavaScript syntax, variables, operators, functions, and conditional statements.

Uploaded by

Bxj Ali Khan
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© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
89 views

JavaScript Notes

This document provides an introduction to JavaScript, including that it is a client-side scripting language used to add interactivity to HTML pages. It discusses how JavaScript can be embedded in HTML using internal and external scripts, and covers JavaScript syntax, variables, operators, functions, and conditional statements.

Uploaded by

Bxj Ali Khan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction to JavaScript

Instructor: Syda Fatima

JavaScript

 JavaScript is a client-side scripting language


 JavaScript was designed to add interactivity to HTML pages
 JavaScript is used in millions of Web pages to improve the design, validate
forms, detect browsers, create cookies, and much more
 JavaScript is an interpreted language (means that scripts execute without
preliminary compilation)
 JavaScript is usually embedded directly into HTML pages
 Everyone can use JavaScript without purchasing a license
 JavaScript is the most popular scripting language on the internet, and works
in all major browsers, such as Internet Explorer, Mozilla, Firefox, Netscape,
Opera.

JavaScript: Common uses

 JavaScript gives HTML designers a programming tool


 JavaScript can react to events
 JavaScript can read and write HTML elements
 JavaScript can be used to validate data
 JavaScript can be used to detect the visitor's browser
 JavaScript can be used to create cookies

Embedding JavaScript in HTML


 There are two methods to embed JavaScript in to HTML code
o Internal Script: directly written in HTML code
o External Script: written in separate file
 <script> tag is used to tell the browser that a script follows

Internal script
 The <SCRIPT> tag is used to embed JavaScript code in HTML documents
<SCRIPT LANGUAGE="JavaScript">
[JavaScript Statements...]
</SCRIPT>
 JavaScript can be placed anywhere between <HTML> and </HTML> tags
 two possibilities are the <HEAD>…</HEAD> portion and the
<BODY>…</BODY> portion

<HTML>
<HEAD><TITLE>Using Multiple scripts</TITLE>
<SCRIPT LANGUAGE="JavaScript">
[JavaScript statements...]
</SCRIPT>
<SCRIPT LANGUAGE="JavaScript">
[JavaScript statements...]
</SCRIPT>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<H1>This is another script</H1>
<SCRIPT LANGUAGE="JavaScript">
[JavaScript statements...]
</SCRIPT>
</BODY></HTML>

External script
 We place script in a separate file and include this in HTML code
 SRC attribute of the <SCRIPT> is used to include the external JavaScript file
in HTML
o <script src="myscripts.js"> </script>
 Are useful when you have lengthy scripts
 Improve the readability

JavaScript Convention
 Using the Semicolon
document.write("Hello"); alert("Good bye")
document.write("Hello")
alert("Good bye")
document.write("Hello");
alert("Good bye");
 Case Sensitivity
 Comments:
o single line //
o Multiple lines /* */
 Using Quotes
o document.write(“<font color=“red”>Hello World</font>”)
o document.write(“<font color=‘red’>Hello World</font>”)

Writing JavaScript

Variables in JavaScript
 Variable is the name of a memory location which holds the data of a certain
type (data types)
 There are four common data types in JavaScript
o numbers, strings, Boolean, null values
 JavaScript is a loosely typed language
 The word “var” is used to declare a variable
o var LastName = “Smith”
o var AccountNumber = 1111
 Variable Naming
o First character cannot be a digit
o Other characters may be digits, letters or underscore
o Reserved words cannot be useds
o Case sensitive
 Variable Initialization
o var variableName = initialValue
o var variableName1 = initialValue1, variableName2 = initialValue2, …

JavaScript Operators
 An operator is simply a symbol that tells the compiler (or interpreter) to
perform a certain action
 Assignment Operator: =
 Arithmetic Operators: +, - , *, /, %, ++, --
 Logical Operators: &&, ||, !
 Comparison Operators: = =, = = =,! =, != =, <, >, <=, >=

Input output in JavaScript


 write(); is used to write on browser
o document.write(“hello world”)
o document.write(a)
 prompt(); is used to take input from users
o var num = prompt(“Please Enter a Number”, 0)

JavaScript Functions
 User defined functions
 Predefined functions
 Functions are defined using the keyword function, followed by the name of
the function and list of parameters
function functionName([parameters])
{
[statements]
}
 Calling a function
The syntax of a function call is:
functionName([arguments])

Common events
 onClick
 onDblClick
 onChange
 onFocus
 onMouseOver
 onMouseOut
 onSubmit
 onload

Some common predefined math functions


 Math.sqrt
 Math.pow
 Math.abs
 Math.max
 Math.min
 Math.floor
 Math.ceil
 Math.round
 Math.random

Conditional statements
 If statement
if (condition)
statement
if(condition)
{ statements }
 If-else statement
if(condition)
{statement}
else
{statements}
Loops
 For loop
for(var i=1; i<10; i++)
{
Document.write(“hello world”)
}
 While loop
While(condition)
{
}

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