Spoken English Guru Ebook

सक् षम भा रत ममशन
EnglishWale.com
presents
SPOKEN English Guru
English Speaking eBook
YouTube Video Lectures NS[Kuk pkgrs gSa rks uhps fN;s fyad ij fDyd dfj, -
www.YouTube.com/c/SpokenEnglishGuru
Fully Revised & Reprint Edition: Year 2018-19

(Designed & Developed by a Team of Englishwale.com Professionals; comprising British
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ISBN – 9788193074305
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eSa vki lHkh dk “Spoken English Guru” YouTube channel dh

bl bafXy‛k Lihfdax dkslZ bZ&cqd esa Lokxr djrk g¡wA
vki lHkh ds fy, cukbZ x;h bl bZ&cqd esa eSaus gj lEHko iz;kl fd;k gS fd
vkidks gj VkWfid vPNs ls le>k ik ¡] dkWUlsIV ds lkFK&2 izSfDVl ,Dljlkbt+ o VSLV
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etcwr gks ik;sA
vkt Hkh dbZ ,sls xk¡o o NksVs ‚kgj gSa tgk¡ bafXy‛k lh[kus ds fy, vPNs bafLVV~;wV
ugha gSa vkSj fgUnh ehfM;e Ldwyksa esa i<+us okys cPpksa dks rks ekgkSy rd ugha fey ikrkA
eSa ;s le> ldrk gw¡ D;ksafd eSaus Hkh ml nkSj dks eglwl fd;k gSA
,d xjhc o fefMy Dykl O;fDr ds thou esa f‛k{kk gh ,dek™k t+fj;k gS viuh
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2
Course Content (dkslZ dh varoZLrq)
Lesson ¼ikB½ (Page No.)
1) Before we start ¼‚kq#vkr djus ls igys½ 8-17

 Letters of Hindi & English Alphabet ¼fgUnh o vaxzst+h o kZekyk ds v{kj@o kZ½
 Greeting ¼vfHkoknu½
 Manners ¼f‛k’Vkpkj½
 What is the time? ¼le; fdruk gqvk½ & vaxzst+h esa le; crkuk
 Numerals & Their Pronunciations ¼la[;k,¡ o muds mPpkj k½
 Punctuation Marks ¼fojke fpUg½
 Seven Days of a Week ¼g¶rs ds lkr fnu½
 Twelve Months of a year ¼lky ds ckjg eghus½
2) Few Basics of English (vaxzst+h dh dqN ewy ckrsa) 18-28
 Sentences & Their Types ( okD; o mlds izdkj½
 Parts of a sentence ¼fdlh okD; ds Hkkx½
 Subjects Types ¼Subjects(drkZ) ds izdkj½
 1st Person, 2nd Person, 3rd Person “Singular-Plural” Concept
 Use of “This, That, These, Those” ¼“This, That, These, Those” dk iz;ksx½
 Difference between Living & Non Living ¼ltho o futhZo ds chp QdZ½
 Use of Apostrophe s ¼ ‟ s dk iz;ksx ½
 Let‟ s cram a few things ¼vkb, dqN pht+sa jV ysa½
3) Pronunciation ¼izuufl,‛ku½ & mPpkj k 29-35
 Pronunciation of vowels ¼Lojksa dk mPpkj k½
 Sound of „A‟ („A‟ dh /ofu½
 Sound of „E‟ („E‟ dh /ofu½
 Sound of „I‟ („I‟ dh /ofu½
 Sound of „O‟ („O‟ dh /ofu½
 Sound of „U‟ („U‟ dh /ofu½
 Miscellaneous Pronunciation ¼fofo/k mPpkj k½
 Pronunciation of “l” and “'k” ¼“l” vkSj “'k” dk mPpkj k½
 Sound of “'k” - Few exceptions (‚k dh /ofu & dqN viokn½
 Sound of “t”, “t+” and “'k+” (“t”, “t+” vkSj “'k+”dh /ofu½
 Words starting with „S‟ , not followed by „h‟
(„S‟ ls ‚kq# gksus okys ‚kCn ftuesa „S‟ ds rqjUr ckn „h‟ u vk;s½
 Sound of TH – „da‟ & „tha‟ (TH dk mPpkj k & „n‟ vkSj „Fk‟ )
 „S‟ follows „tion‟ – Sound „shcha‟ („S‟ ds ckn „tion‟ gks & ^‚p^ dh /ofu½
 Pronunciation of „C‟ – „sa‟ & „ka‟) ( „C‟ dk mPpkj k & ^l^ vkSj ^d^½
 Pronunciation of „G‟ – „ga‟ & „ja‟) ( „G‟ dk mPpkj k & ^x^ vkSj ^t^½
4) Vocabulary & Pronunciation Exercises & ‚kCnkoyh ,oa mPpkj k dk vH;kl 36-49
5) WH Family (WH ifjokj½ 50-52
6) Parts of Speech- ‚kCn Hksn 53
7) Noun ¼laKk½ 54-58
 Proper Noun ¼O;fDrokpd laKk½
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 Common Noun ¼tkfrokpd laKk½
 Collective Noun ¼lewgokpd laKk½
 Material Noun ¼inkFkZokpd laKk½
 Abstract Noun ¼Hkkookpd laKk½
 Gerund¼tSjUM½ & ¼fØ;kokpd laKk½
 Countable & Uncountable Noun ¼x kuh; o vx kuh; laKk½
 The Noun: Gender (fyax)
 The Noun: Number ¼opu½
 The Noun: Always ending with „s‟ ¼ftuds vUr esa „s‟ gks½
8) Pronoun ¼loZuke½ 59-60
 Subjective, Objective, Possessive & Reflexive Pronoun
 Difference between possessive cases e.g. My – Mine, Our – Ours
9) Adjective ¼fo‛ks’k k½ 61-63
 Three degrees of adjectives - Use of „er‟ / „est‟ 
 Three degrees of adjectives - Use of more/most
 Three degrees of adjectives - Irregular pattern
10)Verbs ¼fØ;k,¡½ 64-67
 Types of Verbs - Main Verb & Helping Verb/Auxiliary Verb
¼fØ;k ds izdkj & eq[; fØ;k ,oa lgk;d fØ;k½
 Three forms of the verbs ¼fØ;kvksa ds rhu #i½
11) Adverbs ¼fØ;k fo‛ks’k k½ 68-71
 Three degrees of adverbs ¼fØ;k fo‛ks"k kksa dh rhu Jsf k;k¡½
 Few Examples of Adverbs ¼fØ;k fo‛ks"k kksa ds dqN mnkgj k½
12) Interjection ¼foLe;kfncks/kd½ 72
13) Articles (A{,}, An{,su}, The{n ;k nh}) 73-77
 When to use „A‟ and when to use „An‟ ¼dgk¡ ij „A‟ vkSj dgk¡ ij „An‟ ½
 How to pronounce – „the‟ or „thee‟ (“The” dks dgk¡ ij ÞnÞ vkSj dgk¡ ij ÞnhÞ cksysa½
 When to use „The‟ („The‟ dk iz;ksx dgk¡ ij½
 When not to use „The‟ („The‟ dk iz;ksx dgk¡ ij ugha½
14) Prepositions ¼lEcU/k lwpd vO;; vFkok iwoZlxZ½ 78-92
15) Determiners ¼fMVjfeulZ½ & ¼fu/kkZjd½ 93-95
 Articles (A, An, The)
 Demonstratives (This, That, These, Those)
 Possessives (His, Her, Your, Our, My, Their, Its)
 Quantifiers (Each, Every, Few, Some, Little, Any, All, More, Less etc.)
16)Simple Sentences ¼ljy okD;½ 96-109
 Simple Present
 Category I: „Is/Am/Are‟
 Category II: „Has/Have‟
 Simple Past
 Category I: „Was/Were‟
 Category II: „Had‟
 Simple Future
 Category I: „Will be‟
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 Category II: „Will have‟
 Simple Sentences-Practice Exercise
 Simple Sentences-Test Papers
17)There ¼nsvj½ 110-117
 Concept
 Concept No 1
 Concept No 2
 Practice Exercise
 Test Papers
18) Position Sense ¼fLFkfr dk Kku½ 118-123
 Concept
 Test Papers
19)Tense & ¼dky½ 124-156
 Concept
 Present Indefinite Tense
 Present Continuous Tense
 Present Perfect Tense
 Present Perfect Continuous Tense
 Past Indefinite Tense
 Past Continuous Tense
 Past Perfect Tense
 Past Perfect Continuous Tense
 Future Indefinite Tense
 Future Continuous Tense
 Future Perfect Tense
 Future Perfect Continuous Tense
 Test Papers
20)It ¼bV½ & ¼;g] ;s½ 157-166
 Concept
 Concept No 1
 Concept No 2
 Concept No 3
 Concept No 4
 Test Papers
21) Modals ¼eksMkYl½ & #ikRed fØ;k,¡ 167-178
 Concept
 Test Papers
22) Conjunctions ¼dutaD‛kUl½ & leqPp; cks/kd vO;; 179-202
 Concept
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 Test Papers
23) Imperative Sentences & ¼vkKklwpd okD;½ 203-210

 Concept
 Test Papers
24) Let & ¼djus nsuk½ 211-218
 Concept
 Test Papers
25) Causative Verbs (Get & Make) 219-226
 Concept
 Test Papers
26) Active & Passive Voice 227-239
 Concept
 Passive of „Tenses‟
 Passive of „Modals‟
 Passive of „Let‟
 Test Papers
27) Special Cases 240-249
 Concept
 Test Papers
28) Fillers 250
29) Question Tags 251-252
30) Phrasal Verbs 253-260
31) Prepositional Phrases 261-262
32) Confusing Similar Words ¼Hkzfer djus okys ,d tSls ‚kCn½ 263-268
 Exercise – I
 Exercise – II
33) One Word Substitution ¼iwjk okD; flQZ ,d ‚kCn esa½ 269-270
34) Special & Complex Sentences 271-282
35) Extensive Translation Exercise 283-294
36) Objective Exercises 295-307
 Verbs
 Articles
 Prepositions
37) Sentence Correction Exercises 308-319
 Exercise – I
 Exercise – II
38) Mixed Practice Exercises 320-321
39) Mixed Test Papers 322-331
40) Translation Exercises 332-337
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 English to Hindi Translation Exercises
 Hindi to English Translation Exercises
41) Written Conversations 338-364

 Conversation-1 ¼okrkZyki & 1½ & Rakesh at Dr. Bansal‟s Clinic
 Conversation-2 ¼okrkZyki & 2½ & Shopping (Seema is buying a Teddy Bear)
 Conversation-3 ¼okrkZyki & 3½ & Teacher & Student
 Conversation-4 ¼okrkZyki & 4½ & Two friends: Sagar & Kamal
 Conversation-5 ¼okrkZyki & 5½ & Two friends: Ram & Shyam
 Conversation-6 ¼okrkZyki & 6½ & Rohit & Shalini
 Conversation-7 ¼okrkZyki & 7½ & Teacher & Student (Priya)
 Conversation-8 ¼okrkZyki & 8½ & Gyming
 Conversation-9 ¼okrkZyki & 9½ & Living away from Home
 Conversation-10 ¼okrkZyki & 10½ & Mr. Goyal & his servent
 Conversation-11 ¼okrkZyki & 11½ & A Family
 Conversation-12 ¼okrkZyki & 12½ & Brother & Sister
 Conversation-13 ¼okrkZyki & 13½ & Two friends
 Conversation-14 ¼okrkZyki & 14½ & Professor & his student
 Conversation-15 ¼okrkZyki & 15½ & Two passengers
 Conversation-16 ¼okrkZyki & 16½ & Two friends over the phone
 Conversation-17 ¼okrkZyki & 17½ & Banker & Customer
 Conversation-18 ¼okrkZyki & 18½ & Bus conductor & Aman
 Conversation-19 ¼okrkZyki & 19½ & Manager & his employee Pooja
 Conversation-20 ¼okrkZyki & 20½ & Shopping (Ruby is purchasing a suit)
 Conversation-21 ¼okrkZyki & 21½ & A family conversation
 Conversation-22 ¼okrkZyki & 22½ & Aditya (Teacher) & Pavitra (Student)
 Conversation-23 ¼okrkZyki & 23½ & Sagar at Doctor‟ s clinic
 Conversation-24 ¼okrkZyki & 24½ & Two friends (Ravi & Saleem)
 Conversation-25 ¼okrkZyki & 25½ & Aditya (Teacher) & Vivek (Student)
 Conversation-26 ¼okrkZyki & 26½ & Abhishek & Ayushi (Chat on a social site)
 Conversation-27 ¼okrkZyki & 27½ & Friends (Boby, Himanshu, Nikhil, Sagar)
 Conversation-28 ¼okrkZyki & 28½ & Husband & Wife
 Conversation-29 ¼okrkZyki & 29½ & Bikrant & his uncle (Pushkar Singh Rana)
 Conversation-30 ¼okrkZyki & 30½ & Families meeting in a party.
42) Few Passages 365-367
43) Idioms & Proverbs 368-371
44) Englishwale Certification - Written/Telephonic/Recording Assessment 372
45) Written Interviews 373-381
46) English – Hindi Dictionary (vaxzst+h&fgUnh “kCndks”k) 382-400
7
Lesson – 1
Before we start (‚kq#vkr djus ls igys)
vkb,] bl dkslZ ds Concept pSIVlZ dks ‚kq# djus ls igys ge vkidks vaxzst+h Hkk’kk dh dqN NksVH&2 ckrksa
dh tkudkjh nsaA
Before we start concept chapters, we would like to let you know about a few basics of
English language.
vkils gekjk igyk iz‛u gS fd vaxzt

s h+ esa fdrus Alphabet gksrs gSa \ gesa mEehn gS fd vkiesa ls dbZ dgsaxs 26A ;g lgh
mŸkj ugha gSA lgh mŸkj gS & ,d (one). Alphabet rks dsoy ,d ‚kCn (word) gS ftldk eryc gksrk gS o kZekykA
Alphabet ¼o kZekyk½ rks ,d gh gS] 26 rks v{kj@o kZ (letters) gksrs gSaA
Our first question to you is “How many alphabets are there in English?” Most of you would answer
“26”. Not really! The correct answer is 1. Why so???? You must wonder!! Alphabet is just a name
given to the group of all the Letters in a language; comprising vowels & consonants.
vaxzsth o kZekyk esa dqy 26 v{kj@o kZ gksrs gSa (There are 26 letters in English Alphabet) –
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O
, ch lh Mh bZ ,Qs th ,p vkb ts ds ,y
s ,se ,su vks
P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
ih D;w vkj ,l
s Vh ;w oh MCY;w ,Dsl ok; t+SM
vaxzst+h o kZekyk ds bu 26 o kksZa dks nks izdkjksa esa ck¡Vk x;k gS & Loj (vowel) o O;atu (consonant)
Vowels (Loj) : There are 5 vowels. ¼5 Loj gksrs gSa½ & a, e, i, o, u
Consonants (O;atu) : Rest 21 are consonants. ¼ckdh cps 21 O;atu dgykrs gSa½
b, c, d, f, g, h, j, k, l, m, n, p, q, r, s, t, v, w, x, y, z.
fgUnh o kZekyk esa dqy 46 o kZ gksrs gSa &

There are 46 letters in Hindi Alphabet –
fgUnh ds Loj o O;atu (Hindi‟ s vowels and consonants)

Loj (Vowels)
v vk b Ã m , ,s vks vkS va v%
a aa e/i ee u/o oo/u e/ai ai o au/ou ang ah
O;atu (Consonants)
d [k x ?k ³ p N t ÷k ´ V B M < k
ka kh ga gha nga cha chha ja jha yan ta tha da dha ana
r Fk n Ëk u i Q c Hk e ; j y o ‚k
th/t th/tha da/th dha na pa pha/fa ba bha ma ya ra la va/wa sh
‘k l g {k = K
sh sa ha ksh tra gya
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vaxzst+h o kZekyk ds bu 26 o kksZa dks nks izdkj ls fy[kk tkrk gS &
Upper Case (Capital Letters) cM+s o kZ – A, B, C, D, E……… W, X, Y, Z.
Lower Case (Small Letters) NksVs o kZ – a, b, c, d, e……… w, x, y, z.
vaxzt
s +h ds Loj vkSj O;atu ds lkFk lkFk fgUnh ds Loj o O;atu dh tkudkjh gksuk Hkh csgn t+#jh gSA tc ge vkidks
Articles Chapter i<+k;saxs rks fcuk fgUnh ds Loj o O;atu tkus vki dHkh lgh Article (A, An, The) dk iz;ksx
ugha dj ik;saxsA “The” dks “n” vkSj “nh” nksuksa rjhds ls cksyk tkrk gS ij dgk¡ “n” cksyuk gS vkSj dgk¡ “nh”, ;s Hkh vki
“Article” chapter esa i<+sxs ij fcuk fgUnh ds Loj o O;atu tkus ;s lEHko gh ugha gSA
You must know about vowels & consonants of Hindi Alphabet as well, because when we‟ll teach
you about “Articles” i.e. A, An, The; you would understand how significant it is to know about it.
Ë;ku nhft, (Please pay attention) &
fiNys ist esa geus crk;k fd “ ” dks “oo/u” fy[ksaxsA ij vxj vki ns[ksa rks ,d ‚kCn gS “cook”. ;gk¡ ij “oo” gS ij
bldk mPpkj k “dwd” ugha cfYd “dqd” gSA ;kfu cM+h “ ” ugha cfYd NksVh “m” dk iz;ksx gqvkA blls ;s irk pyrk gS
fd gj ckj fl[kk;k x;k fu;e gh lgh ugha gksrk] dbZ viokn (exceptions) Hkh gksrs gSaA
blh rjg vkius ns[kk gksxk fd dgha ij ÞtÞ ds uhps ,d fcUnq yxk;k gksrk gS tSls ¼t+½
vkSj dgha ij ÞtÞ ds
uhps fcUnq ugha gksrkA nksuksa ds mPpkj k esa cgqr T+;knk QdZ gksrk gS !
‚kCnksa ds mPpkj k (Pronunciation) dks vki vkus okys Pronunciation pSIVj esa foLrkj (detail) ls i<+us okys gSaA
D;k vki tkurs gSa (Do you know?) &
Letters form a word. v{kjksa ls feydj 'kCn curk gSA

Words form a sentence. 'kCnksa ls feydj okD; curk gSA
Sentences form a paragraph. okD;ksa ls feydj iSjkxzkQ curk gSA
mnkgj k & “Mojib is a good guy. He is my best friend. I love him a lot.”
ij fn;s x;s iSjkxzkQ esa rhu okD; gSa & There are 3 sentences in above paragraph -
1) Mojib is a good guy. 2) He is my best friend. 3) I love him a lot.
15 ‚kCn vkSj 43 v{kj gSaA There are 15 words and 43 letters.
Mojib Good Is Friend Him

Is Guy My I A
A He Best Love lot
vfHkoknu (Greeting)
vfHkoknu dk rjhdk bl ckr ij fuHkZj djrk gS fd ftl O;fDr dk vki vfHkoknu djuk pkgrs gSa oks vkils mez esa] fj‛rs
esa ;k fQj vksgns esa cM+k gS] NksVk gS ;k fQj gemez ;kfu leku mez dk gSA
Choosing words while Greeting someone depends on the age, relation and position of
the person whom you need to greet at time.
vDlj vius ls cM+s o ftuls vki T+;knk reht+ ls is‛k vkrs gSa tSls eqgYys ds dksbZ vady vkaVh] vkWfQl esa ckWl ;k dksbZ
lhfu;j] muds lkFk vkidks le; ds vuqlkj fuEufyf[kr dk iz;ksx djuk pkfg, &
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lqcg ls ysdj nksigj 12 cts rd& Good Morning (feyus ij)
Bye / Take care / See you / Have a nice day (fonk ysus ij)
nksigj 12 cts ls ysdj ‚kke 5 cts rd& Good Afternoon (feyus ij)
Bye / Take care / See you / Have a nice day (fonk ysus ij)
‚kke 5 cts ls lksus rd& Good Evening (feyus ij)

Good Night / Take care / Bye / See you (fonk ysus ij)
eku yhft, vki jkr ds 8 cts fdlh ls feys rks feyrs oDr D;k dgsaxs \ ;s er lksfp, fd vaËksjk gks x;k gS rks vki
Good night dgsaxsA tSlk crk;k x;k gS fd jkr ds 11 cts Hkh vxj vfHkoknu djuk iM+s rks feyus ij Good
Evening gh dguk gksxk vkSj fonk ysus ij Good Night dguk lcls csgrj fodYi gSA
gk¡] vxj vki vius fdlh nksLr ;k HkkbZ&cgu ;k fQj dksbZ [kkl ftlds lkFk vki cgqr frank gksa ;k fQj vkils mez esa
;k vksgns (position) esa NksVk dksbZ] ls feysa rks vki Hi, Hello dk iz;ksx Hkh dj ldrs gSaA
Basically, if you need to be formal with someone whom you greet, you can use Good
Morning / Good Afternoon / Good Evening, however in informal/casual meet, you can
certainly use “Hi”, “Hello” etc.
f‛k’Vkpkj (Manners)
vPNs f‛k’Vkpkj dks fn[kkus ds fy, fuEufyf[kr ckrksa dk csgn Ë;ku j[ksa &
To show your good manners, keep in mind –
1- vki fdlh ls dqN ek¡x jgs gksa rks “Please”, “Kindly” tSls ‚kCnksa dk iz;ksx dfj,A
If you are asking someone for something, use “Please”, “Kindly” sort of words.
2- vkidks dqN fn;k x;k ;k vkidh fdlh ckr dks egRo fn;k x;k rks “Thanks” dguk er Hkwfy,A
If your were given something or given importance , always say “Thanks”.
( “Thank you” is more formal than “Thanks”.)
3- vxj dksbZ vkidk /kU;okn djs rks dgsa “Welcome” ;k “Mention not” ;k “My pleasure” ;k “It‟ s
ok” vkfnA
If someone thanks you for something, you can say: “Welcome”, “Mention not”, “My
pleasure”, “It‟ s ok”, “It‟ s alright” etc.
4- tc vki fdlh ls Qksu ij ckr dj jgs gksa vkSj dksbZ ckr ;k ‚kCn vki lqu ugha ik;s rks dqN bl rjg dfg, &
“I beg your pardon” ;k “I am sorry” ;k “I didn‟ t get it” ;k “Excuse me” ;k uezrk ls dg
ldrs gSa “Will you please repeat, I didn‟ t get you” vkfnA
While talking over the phone, if you couldn‟ t hear something, you can say – “I beg
your pardon” or “I am sorry” or “I didn‟ t get it” or “Excuse me” or you may politely
say “Will you please repeat, I didn‟ t get you” etc.
5- vki fdlh efgyk ;k fdlh vius ls cM+s dks ;k fdlh cqtqxZ dks jkLrk nsrs oDr dgsa & “After you” bldk vFkZ
gS fd vki dguk pkgrs gSa igys vki] fQj eSaA
While giving a way/path to a lady, someone older/elder or elderly person, politely
say “After you”. It simply implies that you respect that person and gives him/her
more importance than yourself.
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6- vxj dksbZ vkils iwNs “How are you?” rks vkerkSj ij vki dgrs gSa “I am fine.” ysfdu lkFk gh lkFk
vkidks ml O;fDr dk gky pky Hkh iwNuk pkfg,A vki dg ldrs gSa & “I am fine. What about you?”
;k “Great. You tell?” ;k “Fine and you?” vkfnA
If someone asks you “How are you?”; it‟ s pretty common, you say “I am fine.” But it‟ s
better to ask him/her as well about how he/she is. You can rather say - “I am fine.
What about you?” or “Great. You tell?” or “Fine and you?” etc.
7- vxj vki fdlh dh ckr chp esa gh jksddj viuh ckr dguk pkgsa rks dqN bl rjg dfg, & “Sorry to
interrupt you” or “Sorry to intervene” vkSj tc oks O;fDr vki ij /;ku ns rks viuh ckr jf[k,A
If you wish to cut someone short or interrupt, say politely – “Sorry to interrupt you”
or “Sorry to intervene” and then proceed.
tc vki yksxksa ds lkFk ckr djrs gSa vkSj vPNk O;ogkj fn[kkrs gSa rks vkidks lekt esa bT+t+r nh tkrh gSA ;s Hkh ;kn jgs
fd dsoy bu ‚kCnksa ;k okD;k‛kksa dk iz;ksx djuk gh dkQh ugha] cfYd tks Hkh cksysa] uezrk vkSj izse ls cksysaA f‛k’Vkpkj ;gha
ij [kRe ugha gksrk] cfYd tSlS&2 oDr ds lkFk vki vaxzsth Hkk’kk dh xgjkbZ dks vkSj csgrj le÷ksaxs] dbZ u;h ckrsa vkids
lkeus vk;saxhA
When you behave civilized & cultured, you are given respect in society. Just a mere use of
such words or phrases is not enough, you need to be polite and humble in your speaking as
well. It doesn‟ t end here, rather newer ideas will emerge with time when you delve more
into this foreign language.
le; fdruk gqvk (What is the time?)

vkb, lh[ksa fd vxj dksbZ vkils iwNs fd “fdrus cts gSa \” rks bafXy‛k esa vki dSls crk;saxsA fgUnh esa vki dqN bl rjg
dgrs gSa & “ik¡p cts gSa” ;k “ik¡p ctdj nl feuV” ;k “lkr ctus esa nks feuV” ;k “lok nks” ;k “lk<+s rhu” vkfnA
igys lef÷k, &

2 cts dks dgsaxs & 2 o‟ clock ( 2 vks DykWd)
vc lef÷k, &
“brus ctdj brus feuV” dk QkWeqZyk gS & { feuV + past + ?k Vk }
vxj vkidks dguk gS “ik¡p ctdj nl feuV” gq, gSaA lksfp, feuV fdrus gq, gSa & 10 vkSj ?kaVs fdrus gq, gSa & 5 rks
QkWeZqys ds vuqlkj vki dgsaxs & 10 past 5.
vxj “vkB ctdj chl feuV” gq, gSaA rks QkWeZqys ds vuqlkj vki dgsaxs & 20 past 8. V~osUVh ikLV ,sV
vxj “lkr ctdj iPphl feuV” gq, gSaA rks QkWeZqys ds vuqlkj vki dgsaxs & 25 past 7. V~osUVh Q+kbo ikLV lsou
vxj “nks ctdj ckbZl feuV” gq, gSaA rks QkWeZqys ds vuqlkj vki dgsaxs & 22 past 2. V~osUVh Vw ikLV Vw
vxj “ik¡p ctdj N% feuV” gq, gSaA rks QkWeZqys ds vuqlkj vki dgsaxs & 6 past 5. flDl ikLV Q+kbo
“brus ctus esa brus feuV” dk QkWeZqyk gS & { feuV + to + ?k Vk }
vxj vkidks dguk gS “ik¡p ctus esa nl feuV” gSaA lksfp, feuV fdrus cps gSa & 10 vkSj dkSu lk ?kaVk gksus ds fy, &
5 rks QkWeZwys ds vuqlkj vki dgsaxs & 10 to 5.
vxj “vkB ctus esa chl feuV” gSaA rks QkWeZqys ds vuqlkj vki dgsaxs & 20 to 8. V~osUVh Vq ,V
vxj “nks ctus esa ckjg feuV” gSaA rks QkWeZqys ds vuqlkj vki dgsaxs & 12 to 2. V~osYo Vq Vw vxj
“X;kjg ctus eas ckjg feuV” gSaA rks QkWeZqys ds vuqlkj vki dgsaxs & 12 to 11. V~osYo Vq bysou
vxj “rhu ctus es ik¡p feuV” gSaA rks QkWeZqys ds vuqlkj vki dgsaxs & 5 to 3. Q+kbo Vq Fkzh
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uksV & 1 ?kaVs esa 60 feuV gksrs gSaA 60 feuV dk vk/kk 30 feuV gksrk gS blfy, 30 feuV dks gkQ (half) dgrs gSa vkSj
30 feuV dk Hkh vk/kk 15 feuV gksrk gS blfy, 15 feuV dks DokVj (quarter) dgrs gSaA lef÷k, &
tSlk fd vkius i<+k

vxj “vkB ctdj iUnzg feuV” ;kfu “lok vkB” gq, gSaA rks QkWeZqys ds vuqlkj vki dgsaxs
& 15 past 8 ¼fQ+¶Vhu ikLV ,V½
;gk¡ ij 15¼fQ+¶Vhu½ dh txg vki DokVj dk iz;ksx dj ldrs gSaA vkSj dg ldrs gSa
& Quarter past 8 ¼DokVj ikLV ,V½
blh rjg
vxj “vkB ctus esa iUnzg feuV” ;kfu “ikSus vkB” gq, gSaA rks QkWeZqys ds vuqlkj vki dgsaxs
& 15 to 8. ¼fQ+¶Vhu Vq ,V½
;gk¡ ij 15¼fQ+¶Vhu½ dh txg vki DokVj dk iz;ksx dj ldrs gSaA vkSj dg ldrs gSa
& Quarter to 8 ¼DokVj Vq ,V½
Bhd blh rjg
vxj “vkB ctdj rhl feuV” ;kfu “lk<+s vkB” gq, gSaA rks QkWeZqys ds vuqlkj vki dgsaxs
& 30 past 8. ¼FkVhZ ikLV ,V½
;gk¡ ij 30¼FkVhZ½ dh txg vki gkQ+ dk iz;ksx dj ldrs gSaA vkSj dg ldrs gSa
& Half past 8 ¼gkQ+ ikLV ,V½
vxj dkWUlSIV dks i<+dj le÷kus esa t+jk Hkh fnDdr vk jgh gks rks ?kcjkb, ugha] uhps fn;s x;s mnkgj k le÷kus dk iz;Ru
djsa] vkWfM;ks ySDpj Hkh lqfu;s] fQ+j Hkh dksbZ ijs‛kkuh vk;s rks www.englishwale.com ds LVwMSUV gSYiMSLd esa viuk
iz‛u jf[k;s ;k gesa bZesy ds t+fj, lEidZ dfj;sA
vkb, ns[ksa dqN mnkgj k &

11 cts – 11 o‟ clock
11 ctdj chl feuV – 20 past 11
1 ctus esa lkr feuV – 7 to 1
2 ctdj rhl feuV – Half past 2 ;k Half to 3
(D;ksafd 2 ctdj rhl feuV dks 3 ctus esa rhl feuV Hkh rks dg ldrs gSaA)
lok vkB – 15 past 8
10 ctus esa 10 feuV – 10 to 10
ikSus 5 – Quarter to 5
lk<+s 10 – Half past 10
<kbZ cts – Half past 2
jkr ds ckjg cts ds ckn ls nksigj ds ckjg cts ls igys rd ds le; ds lkFk “AM” dk iz;ksx dj ldrs gSa tcfd
nksigj ds ckjg cts ds ckn ls jkr ds ckjg cts ls igys rd ds le; ds lkFk “PM” dk iz;ksx dj ldrs gSaA
jkr ds 12 cts - 12 AM nksigj ds 12 cts - 12 PM

jkr ds 1 cts - 1 AM nksigj ds 1 cts - 1 PM
lqcg ds 5 cts - 5 AM ‚kke ds 5 cts - 5 PM
lqcg ds 10 cts - 10 AM ‚kke ds 7 cts - 7 PM
lqcg ds 11 cts - 11 AM jkr ds 11 cts - 11 PM
lqcg ds 11 ctdj 59 feuV - 11.59 AM jkr ds 11 ctdj 59 feuV - 11.59 PM
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la[;k,¡ o muds mPpkj k (Numerals & their Pronunciations)
1 One (ou) ,d 15 Fifteen (fQ+¶Vhu) iUnzg

2 Two (Vw) nks 16 Sixteen (flDlVhu) lksyg
3 Three (Fkzh) rhu 17 Seventeen (lSouVhu) l«kg
4 Four (Q+ksj) pkj 18 Eighteen (,Vhu) vBkjg
5 Five (Q+kbo) ik¡p 19 Nineteen (ukbuVhu) mUuhl
6 Six (flDl) N% 20 Twenty (V~osUVh) chl
7 Seven (lSou) lkr 30 Thirty (FkVhZ) rhl
8 Eight (,V) vkB 40 Forty (Q+kWVhZ) pkyhl
9 Nine (ukbu) ukS 50 Fifty (fQ+¶Vh) ipkl
10 Ten (VSu) nl 60 Sixty (flDlVh) lkB
11 Eleven (bySou) X;kjg 70 Seventy (lSouVh) lRrj
12 Twelve (V~oSYo) ckjg 80 Eighty (,Vh) vLlh
13 Thirteen (FkVhZu) rsjg 90 Ninety (ukbuVh) uCcs
14 Fourteen (Q+ksVhZu) pkSng 100 Hundred (gUMªSM) lkS
1000 Thousand (Fkkmt+SUM) gt+kj

100000 Lac / Lakh (ySd@yS[k ) yk[k
1000000 Ten Lacs (VSu ySDl) nl yk[k ;k ,d fefy;u (Million)
10000000 Crore (djksj) djksM+
1000000000 Arab (vjc) vjc ;k ,d fcfy;u (Billion)
vki dkSu lh Dykl esa gSa & Which class you are in –
First 1st Q+LVZ igyh Seventh 7th lSoUFk lkroha

Second 2nd lsdaM nwljh Eight 8th ,V~Fk vkBoha
Third 3rd FkMZ rhljh Nineth 9th ukbUFk uoha
Fourth 4th Q+ksFkZ pkSFkh Tenth 10th VSaFk nloha
Fifth 5th fQ+¶Fk ik¡poh Eleventh 11th bySoUFk X;kjgoha
Sixth 6th flDlFk NBh Twelth 12th V~oSYFk ckjgoha
;k fQj (or in)
Graduation xzStq,‛ku Lukrd
Post Graduation iksLV xzStq,‛ku LukrdksŸkj
fxykl fdruk Hkjk gS & How much is the glass filled –
1/2 Half vk/kk 1/5 One fifth ,d dk ik¡pok Hkkx

1/3 One third ,d frgkbZ 2/3 Two third nks frgkbZ
1/4 One fourth ,d pkSFkkbZ 3/4 Three fourth rhu pkSFkkbZ
fdrus xquk gS & “How fold” or “How many time” -
,d xquk Single flaxy

nks xquk ¼nqxquk½ Double / Twice / Two fold Mcy ;k V~okbl ;k Vw Q+ksYM
rhu xquk Three times/ Three fold/ Thrice Fkzh Vkbe ;k Fkzh Q+ksYM ;k Fkzkbl
,d xquk Four times/ Four fold Q+ksj Vkbe ;k Q+ksj Q+ksYM
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fojke fpUg (Punctuation Marks)
fdlh Hkh ckr dks fy[krs oDr fojke fpUg dk cgqr gh egRoiw kZ jksy gksrk gSA fojke fpUgksa ds ek/;e ls okD; ds izdkj o
Bgjko (Pauses & Stops) dh tkudkjh feyrh gSA fdlh ds }kjk dgh x;h ckr dks flQZ fy[k nsus ls ;g irk ugha
pyrk fd og ckr fdl vankt+ esa cksyh x;hA fojke fpUgksa ds ek/;e ls ;g irk py tkrk gS fd og okD; pkSadrs gq,
cksyk x;k ;k fQj dqN iwNk x;k ;k dqN crk;k x;kA vkb,] dqN izk;% iz;ksx fd;s tkus okys fojke fpUgksa dks i<+rs gSa &
1) Question Mark Dos‛pu ekdZ ( ? ) – iz‛uokpd fpUg
;g fpUg iz‛uokpd okD;ksa ds vUr esa iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA tSsls fd &
This mark is used at the end of Interrogative Sentences. For example -
a) Who are you? gw vkj ;w \ rqe dkSu gks \

b) What is he doing? oV bt+ gh Mwbax \ oks D;k dj jgk gS \
c) Do you love your mom? Mq ;w yo ;kSj ekWe \ D;k vki viuh eEeh ls I;kj djrs gks \
2) Exclamation Mark ,DlDyses‛ku ekdZ ( ! ) – foLe;kfn cks/kd fpUg

;g fpUg ,sls okD;ksa ds vUr esa iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gS ftuesa vPkkud mRiUu gqbZ Hkkoukvksa dks O;Dr fd;k tk;sA vpkud gqbZ
fdlh ?kVuk ls eu dh Hkkoukvksa dk O;Dr gksuk tSls [kq‛kh ;k nq[k izdV djuk] gSjku gksuk] ukjkt+xh t+kfgj djuk] ‚kkck‛kh
nsuk] nqvk nsuk vkfnA uhps fn;s x;s dqN mnkgj kksa dks ;kn dj yhft, vkSj tc ekSdk feys] iz;ksx dhft,A
Hkxoku vkidks vk‛khZokn ns! God bless you! xkWM CySl ;w!
okg! ] xtc+ ! ] cgqr cf<+;k! Wow! , Wonderful! oko! oUMjQ+qy!
Hkxoku dh n;k ls!] izHkq dh —ik ls! By God‟s grace ! ck; xkWM~l xzsl!
fdrus nq[k dh ckr gS!] fdruk nq[kn! How sad! , How tragic! gko lSM! gko VªSftd!
mldh bruh fgEer! How dare he! gko Msvj gh!
vksg I;kjs! ¼tc fny esa I;kj meM+s½ Oh honey! , Oh dear! vksg guh! ] vksg fM;j!
cgqr cM+h xyrh! Terrible mistake! VSfjcy feLVsd!
vfo‛oluh;!] cgqr gh tcjnLr! Incredible!, Amazing!, Awesome! bUØSfMcy! vesft+ax! vkWle!
cdokl! Absurd! , Nonsense ! Aweful! ,sCt+MZ! ukulSUl! vkWQ+y!
Hkxoku dk ‚kqØ gS! Thank God! FkSad xkWM!
;s gqbZ u ckr! ¼thr dh [kq‛kh½ Hurry! , That‟s it! gqjsZ! ] nSV~l bV!
ut+j u yxs! Touch wood! , Finger crossed! Vp oqM! ] fQ+Uxj ØkWLM!
t+#j!] D;ksa ugha! iDdk! Sure! , Why not!, of course! ‚;ksj! ] ok; ukWV! ] vQ+ dkst+!
‚kkckl! Well done! oSy Mu!
D;k [kcj gS! ¼[kq‛kh ls dguk½ What a news! oV v U;wt+!
lp esa! ¼pkSadrs gq,½ Really! , Is it! fj;yh! ] bt+ bV!
cgqr&2 /kU;okn! Thanks a lot! FkSaDl v ykWV!
c/kkbZ gks! Congratulations! dkWUxzSpqys‛kUl!
D;k vkbfM;k gS! What an idea! oV ,us vkbfM;k!
3) Full Stop Q+qy LVkWi ( . ) – iw kZ fojke

Qqy LVkWi dk iz;ksx fdlh Hkh ,sls okD; ds vUr esa fd;k tkrk gS tks u gh iz‛uokpd gks vkSj u gh foLe;kfn cks/kd okD;]
cfYd ftl okD; esa ckr iw kZr% lekIr gksA QqyLVkWi yxkus dk lh/kk lk eryc gS fd okD; [kRe gks x;k gSA tSls &
14
Full stop indicates the end of a sentence; used with sentences which are neither interrogative
nor exclamatory.
eSa vk jgk g¡wA I am coming. vkbZ ,es dfeaxA

jke vPNk yM+dk gSA Ram is a good boy. jke bt+ v xqM ckW;A
Qqy LVkWi dk iz;ksx Abbreviations ¼vczhfo;s‛kUl½ ds lkFk Hkh gksrk gSA vki ;s tkuuk pkgsaxs fd Abbreviations D;k
gksrs gSa \ Abbreviations fdlh Hkh ‚kCnksa ds lewg dk laf{kIr #i gksrs gSaA
Full stops are used with abbreviations too. Abbreviations are basically the short form of a
group of words. Examples are given below:
M.P. - Member of Parliament lkaln

M.L.A.- Member of Legislative Assembly fo/kk;d
P.M. - Prime Minister iz/kkuea«kh
B.A. - Bachelor of Arts vkV~Zl esa Lukrd
e.g. - exempli gratia (a latin word) bldk eryc gksrk gS “for example” ;kfu “mnkgj k
ds rkSj ij”
i.e - id est (a latin word) bldk eryc gksrk gS “that is” ;kfu “tks gaS”
etc. - etcetera ¼,sVlSVªk½ bR;kfn] vkfn
 eSa dbZ ;¡«k ctk ldrk g¡w mnkgj k ds rkSj ij fxVkj] flrkj] fi;Suks vkfnA
I can play many instruments e.g. Guitar, Sitar, Piano etc.
 eSa dsoy 3 ;¡«k ctk ldrk g¡w tks gSa fxVkj] flrkj vkSj fi;kuksA
I can play only 3 instruments i.e. Guitar, Sitar and Piano.
4) Comma dkSek ( , ) – vYi fojke

tc vkidks fdlh okD; dks cksyrs gq, chp esa t+jk lk fojke nsuk gks rks dkSek dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA uhps dqN mnkgj k
fn;s x;s gSa &
While speaking, when you need to give a short pause in a sentence, “comma” is used. Few
examples are given below:
i) Ram, come here.

jke] ;gk¡ vkvksA
ii) I have many friends such as Aman, Amit, Sandeep etc.
esjs dbZ nksLr gSa tSls veu] vfer] lanhi vkfnA
iii) He will come on Monday, 20th September.
oks@og lkseokj] 20 flrEcj dks vk;sxkA
iv) If he comes, I will not come.
vxj oks vk;k rks eSa ugha vk ¡xkA
v) Ram, my best friend, is his brother.
jke] esjk lcls vPNk nksLr] mldk HkkbZ gSA
15
5) Quotation mark dksVs‛ku ekdZ
( “ ) – ‚kq# esa At the beginning
( ” ) – vUr esa At the end
fdlh dh dgh gqbZ ckr dks dksVs‛ku ekdZ ds vUnj fy[k ldrs gSaA
Saying of someone can be written inside the quotation marks.
a) Ram said, “I am the best”. jke us dgk] “eSa lcls vPNk g¡w”A
b) Manager says, “Customer is very important”. eSustj dgrs gSa] “dLVej cgqr egRoiw kZ gksrk gS”A
vxj vki /;ku nsa rks dksVs‛ku ekdZ dks fy[kus dk rjhdk okD; ds ‚kq#vkr o vUr esa vyx&2 gksrk gSA okD; ds ‚kq# esa
( “ ) gS tcfd vUr esa ( ” ) gSA
If you notice, the way you write inverted comma at the beginning of the quoted sentence and
at the end of the quoted sentence; both are different.
6) Colon dksyu (:)
izk;% dksyu dk eryc gS “tSls fd”A dksyu dk iz;ksx vf/kdrj rc fd;k tkrk gS tc vki O;fDr;ksa] phtksa ;k txgksa
vkfn dh lwph ds ckjs esa crkrs gSaA uhps fn;s x;s mnkgj kksa dks /;ku ls lef÷k,A
Colon is often used when you enumerate a list of persons, things, places etc. Look at the
following examples.
a) I met many people: Binita, Anjali, Kuldeep, Dimpal, and Seema.

eSa dbZ yksxksa ls feyk tSls fd fcuhrk] vatfy] dqYnhi] fMEiy vkSj lhekA
b) I have many things: book, pen, vegetables, sugar, rice etc.

esjs ikl dbZ phtsa+ gSa tSls fd fdrkc] iSu] lfCt+;k¡] phuh] pkoy bR;kfnA
7) Semicolon lsehdksyu ( ; ) – v/kZ fojke

lsehdksyu dks le÷kus ds fy, uhps fn;s x;s mnkgj k ij /;ku nsAa
Semicolon‟ s basic usage can be understood through following example:
a) Meeting was held on 25th October, 2008, 15th January, 2010 and 23rd March, 2012. (Incorrect)
b) Meeting was held on 25th October, 2008; 15th January, 2010; and 23rd March, 2012. (Correct)
ehfVax 25th vDVwcj 2008] 15th tuojh 2010 vkSj 23rd ekpZ 2012 dks gqbZA
okD; (a) xyr gS tcfd okD; (b) lghA nsf[k, ;s ckr lkQ gS fd ehfVax rhu vyx&2 fnuksa esa gqbZ : 25th vDVwcj 2008]
15th tuojh 2010 vkSj 23rd ekpZ 2012 dksA ysfdu vxj okD; (a) dks /;ku ls ns[ksa rks dkSek ds iz;ksx dh otg ls ,slk
yxrk gS fd ehfVax rhu vyx&2 fnuksa esa ugha cfYd ik¡p vyx&2 fnuksa esa gqbZ : 25th vDVwcj dks] 2008 esa] 15th tuojh
dks] 2010 esa vkSj 23rd ekpZ 2012 dksA blfy, okD; (b) esa 2008 ds ckn dkSek dh ctk; lsehdksyu dk iz;ksx djuk iM+kA
8) Apostrophe vikslVªkWQh (‟)-

vikslVªkWQh dk iz;ksx izk;% nks ekSdksa ij gksrk gS&
Apostrophe is generally used in two situations –
16
i) tc vki dgrs gSa & jke dk] fdrkc dk] cPpksa dk] eEeh dk vkfnA bls bafXy‛k esa (possession) it+s‛ku
dgrs gSaA
jke dk & Ram‟s, fdrkc dk & Book‟s, cPpksa dk& Children‟ s, eEeh dk& Mother‟s
ii) nks ‚kCnksa dks ,d cukus ds fy,A bu nks ‚kCnksa esa ls ,d ‚kCn lgk;d fØ;k gksuh pkfg, o nwljk ‚kCn ;k rks
loZuke gks ;k “not”
To make two words one. One of these words needs to be a helping verb and the other
one either a “pronoun” or “not”
Does not (Mt+ ukWV) – Doesn‟ t (Mt+UV) ;k (Mt+u)

Is not (bt+ ukWV) – Isn‟ t (bt+UV) ;k (bt+u)
Do not (Mw ukWV) – Don‟ t (MksUV)
Has not (gSt+ ukWV) – Hasn‟t (gSt+UV) ;k (gSt+u)
I have (vkb gSo) – I‟ ve (vkbo)
You are (;w vkj) – You‟ re (;ksj)
;gk¡ ij “does”, “is”, “do”, “have”, “are”, “has” lgk;d fØ;k,¡ (helping verbs) gSa vkSj “I” o “you” loZuke
(pronoun) gSaA loZuke ds ckjs esa ge vkus okys loZuke pSIVj esa foLrkj ls i<+saxsA
g¶rs ds lkr fnu (Seven Days of a Week)
lkseokj & Monday eaMs

eaxyokj & Tuesday V~;wt+Ms
cq/kokj & Wednesday osUt+Ms ¼ osMuslMs o osUt+Ms nksuksa rjhdksa ls mPpkj k fd;k tkrk gSA ½
c`gLifrokj & Thursday Fkt+ZMs
‚kqØokj & Friday ÝkbMs
‚kfuokj & Saturday lSVjMs
jfookj & Sunday laMs
lky ds ckjg eghus (Twelve Months of a year)
tuojh & January tSU;qjh tqykbZ & July tqyk;

Q+jojh & February Q+Scjjh vxLr & August vkWxLV
ekpZ & March ekpZ flrEcj & September lSIVSEcj
vizSy & April ,fizy vDVwcj & October vkWDVkscj
ebZ & May es uoEcj & November uoSEcj
twu & June twu fnlEcj & December fMlSEcj
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English Guru” YouTube Channel esa tkdj “Playlist” esa tkb, vkSj Lesson-wise Videos nsf[k,A
eSaus vkids fy, ,d Android App Hkh cuk;k gSA Play Store esa Search dfj, “Spoken English Guru”.
fny ls esgur dfj,xk D;ksafd esgur djus okyksa dh dHkh gkj ugha gksrhA esjh ‚kqHkdkeuk,a ges‛kk vkids lkFk jgsaxhA –
Aditya Sir
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Lesson – 2
Few Basics of English (vaxzst+h dh dqN ewy ckrsa)
vkb,] vaxzst+h ds Basics dh FkksM+k vkSj tkudkjh ysaA bl pSIVj ds vUr esa fn;s x;s NKSVS&2 ‚kCnksa ds lewgksa
dks Hkh vPNh rjg ;kn dj yhft,A vkidks budk egRo vkus okys pSIVlZ dks le÷krs oDr eglwl gksxkA
Sentences ¼okD;½
gj Hkk’kk esa dqN Hkh dgus ;k fy[kus ds fy, ‚kCnksa ds lewgksa dk iz;ksx gksrk gSA ‚kCnksa dk og lewg ftlesa fdlh ckr dk
Hkko iw kZr% Li’V gks] mls okD; dgrs gSaA nwljs ‚kCnksa esa ge dg ldrs gSa fd okD; os gSa ftuls lquus okys dks iw kZ lans‛k dk
irk py ik;sA
In every language, there is a need of group of words to communicate. Such group of words that
communicate a complete message is called a sentence.
eku yhft, vkius eq÷kls iwNk “D;k vkWfQl tkvksxs\”, eSaus mÙkj fn;k “ugha”. vki le÷k x;s fd eSa vkWfQl ugha tk ¡xkA
vkidk iz‛u “D;k vkWfQl tkvksxs\” Hkh ,d okD; gS vkSj esjk mÙkj “ugha” Hkh ,d okD; gSA ;s ckr vyx gS fd esjk okD;
flQZ ,d ‚kCn ls cuk gS] dbZ ‚kCnksa ls ughaA egRoiw kZ ;g ugha fd okD; esa ‚kCn fdrus gSa] egRoiw kZ ;g gS fd dgs x;s
okD; }kjk fn;k x;k lans‛k i;kZIr gS ;k ughaA vxj vki /;ku ls lkspsa rks esjs dgus dk rkRi;Z Li’V Fkk fd “eSa vkWfQl
ugha tk ¡xk” ] blfy, esjk okD; iw kZ o i;kZIr gSA
Sentence Types:
Classification 1
okD;ksa dks muds Hkko o vFkZ ds vk/kkj ij fuEufyf[kr 4 oxksZa esa oxhZd`r fd;k tkrk gS &
On the basis of their sense & meaning, sentences are classified in following 4 categories –
1. Assertive or Declarative Sentences (LohdkjkRed ;k dFkkRed okD;):
,sls okD;ksa esa dqN crk;k tkrk gS ;k fdlh ckr dk o kZu gksrk gSA dksbZ Hkh ckr pkgs oks ,d rF; gks ;k ,d lkspA
Such sentences state a fact, opinion or idea.
mnkgj k (Example):
1. Ayansh is my son. ¼v;k¡‛k esjk csVk gSA½
2. Aman is not at home. ¼veu ?kj ij ugha gSA½
3. Arnavi doesn‟t go to school. ¼vjuoh Ldwy ugha tkrh gSA½
4. Mom scolds me. ¼eEeh th eq÷ks Mk¡Vrh gaSA½
ij fn;s x;s lHkh okD;ksa esa dqN crk;k x;k gS vFkkZr~ fdlh ckr dk o kZu gSA vke cksypky esa lcls vf/kd tks okD;
iz;ksx fd;s tkrs gSa os blh oxZ ds gksrs gSaA
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2. Interrogative Sentences (iz‛uokpd okD;):
,sls okD; ftuesa dksbZ iz‛u iwNk tkrk gSA

Sentences, where a question is asked.
mnkgj k (Example):
1. Is Aman not at home? ¼D;k veu ?kj ij ugha gS\½
2. Do you play? ¼D;k rqe [ksyrs gks\½
ij fn;s x;s okD;ksa esa iz‛u iwNs x;s gSaA bl rjg ds okD; ge vDlj lqurs gSaA
3. Imperative Sentences (vkKklwpd okD;):
,sls okD; tks vkKk] vkns‛k ;k izkFkZuk O;Dr djsaA

Sentences, which are used to permit, command or request are known as imperative sentences.
mnkgj k (Example):
1. Sit there. ¼ogk¡ cSBksA½
2. Let me go. ¼eq÷ks tkus nksA½
ij fn;s x;s igys okD; esa vkns‛k fn;k x;k gS tcfd nwljs okD; esa izkFkZuk vFkkZr fuosnu fd;k x;k gSA bl rjg ds
okD; ge vkxs vkus okys “Imperative Sentences” pSIVj esa i<+saxsA
4. Exclamatory Sentences (foLe;kfncks/kd okD;):
,sls okD; ftuesa vpkud mRiUu gqbZ Hkkoukvksa tSls nq[k] [kq‛kh] gSjkuh] Mj vkfn dh vfHkO;fDr gksA
Sentences, which are used to express sudden emotions such as joy, grief, shock, fear etc.
mnkgj k (Example):
1. Wow! ¼xtc! ;k cgqr cf<+;k!½
2. Thank God! ¼Hkxoku dk ‚kqØ gS!½
ij fn;s x;s okD;ksa esa eu esa vpkud mRiUu gqbZ Hkkoukvksa dh vfHkO;fDr gSA bl rjg ds okD; ge fiNys pSIVj esa i<+
pqds gSa vkSj vkxs vkus okys “Interjection” pSIVj esa Hkh i<+saxsA
Classification 2
nwljs oxhZdj k ds vuqlkj okD; fuEufyf[kr pkj izdkj ds gksrs gSa &
Sentence ds izdkj mnkgj k 1

(Sentence Type) Example-1
Affirmative¼ldkjkRed½ jke ,d vPNk yM+dk gSA
,sls okD; ftuesa u “ugha” dk iz;ksx gks] u gh dksbZ iz‛u iwNk x;k gksA Ram is a good boy.
Negative¼udkjkRed½ jke ,d vPNk yM+dk ugha gSA
,sls okD; ftuesa “ugha” dk iz;ksx rks gks ij dksbZ iz‛u u iwNk x;k gksA Ram is not a good boy.
Interrogative ¼iz‛uokpd½ D;k jke ,d vPNk yM+dk gS\
,sls okD; ftuesa “ugha” dk iz;ksx u gks ij iz‛u iwNk x;k gksA Is Ram a good boy?
Negative Interrogative¼udkjkRed iz‛uokpd½ D;k jke ,d vPNk yM+dk ugha gS\
,sls okD; ftuesa “ugha” dk iz;ksx Hkh gks vkSj iz‛u Hkh iwNk x;k gksA Is Ram not a good boy?
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okD; ds rhu Hkkx (Three parts of a sentence)
1. Subject ¼lctSDV½ & drkZ
Subject oks gksrk gS ftlds ckjs esa okD; esa ;k rks ckr gks jgh gks ;k fQj oks tks fdlh fØ;k ;kfu dke dks dj
jgk gksA nwljs ‚kCnksa esa] Subject fdlh Hkh okD; dk izeq[k dsUæ gksrk gSA
Subject is the one whom/which we talk about or the one who performs an action.
2. Verb ¼fØ;k½ & deZ] dke ;k dk;Z

fØ;k oks gS ftlds ek/;e ls Subject ds dk;Z ;k voLFkk ¼fLFkfr½ dh tkudkjh feyrh gSA
Verb is the one, which describes the action or the state of the subject.
vkb, le÷ksa (Let‟s understand) &
ekuk eSa dg¡w “v;k¡‛k lks jgk gSA” bl okD; esa gS Subject gS & v;k¡‛k vkSj Verb gS & lksukA bl okD; esa
Subject ds }kjk fd;s tk jgs dk;Z dh tkudkjh feyrh gSA ;gk¡ ij Subject lksus dk dk;Z dj jgk gSA
blh rjg] eku yhft, eSa dg¡w “v;k¡‛k 8 eghus dk gSA” Subject gS & v;k¡‛kA ;gk¡ ij v;k¡‛k dksbZ dk;Z ugha
dj jgk cfYd mlds ckjs esa rks flQZ crk;k x;k gS fd og 8 eghus dk gSA bl okD; esa Subject ds dk;Z dh ugha cfYd
voLFkk@fLFkfr dh tkudkjh feyrh gSA voLFkk dk lh/kk rkRi;Z ;g gS fd Subject fdl le; esa & orZeku esa] chrs gq,
dy esa ;k fQj vkus okys dy esa fdl voLFkk@fLFkfr esa gSA
xkSj dfj, &
Ayansh is sleeping. ¼v;k¡‛k lks jgk gSA½

¼v;k¡‛k lksus dk dk;Z dj jgk gSA bl okD; esa Subject ds }kjk fd;s tk jgs dk;Z dh tkudkjh feyrh gSA½
Ayansh is 8 months old. ¼v;k¡‛k 8 eghus dk gSA½

¼bl okD; esa Subject ds dk;Z dh ugha cfYd orZeku voLFkk dh tkudkjh feyrh gSA½
Ayansh was 8 months old. ¼v;k¡‛k 8 eghus dk FkkA½

¼bl okD; esa Subject ds dk;Z dh ugha cfYd chrs gqbZ le; dh ,d voLFkk dh tkudkjh feyrh gSA½
Ayansh will be 8 months old. ¼v;k¡‛k 8 eghus dk gksxkA½

¼bl okD; esa Subject ds dk;Z dh ugha cfYd vkus okys le; dh ,d voLFkk dh tkudkjh feyrh gSA½
ftu okD;ksa esa Subject fdlh dk;Z dks dj jgk gks ,sls okD; “Tenses(dky)” esa vkrs gSa vkSj ftu okD;ksa esa Subject
dksbZ dk;Z u dj jgk gS] dsoy Subject dh voLFkk@fLFkfr ds ckjs esa crk;k x;k gks] ,sls okD; “Simple
Sentences(ljy okD;)” esa vkrs gSaA nksuksa rjg ds okD;ksa dks vki vkxs vkus okys pSIVlZ esa foLrkj ls i<+saxsA
fØ;k,¡ nks izdkj dh gksrh gSa (Verbs are of two types):
a½ eq[; fØ;k (Main Verb)
;g fØ;k subject ds dk;Z dh tkudkjh nsrh gSA eq[; fØ;k dk lh/kk lk eryc gS dksbZ Hkh dke tSls ukpuk]
xkuk] lkspuk] i<+uk] fy[kuk] ns[kuk] fgyuk] ;kn djuk] ihVuk vkfnA
Main verb describes the action of the subject such as to dance, to sing, to think, to read, to
write, to see, to move, to miss, to beat etc.
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t+#jh ugha fd dke ogh gks tks gkFk iSjksa ls fd;k tk jgk gks ;kfu physical gksA vxj vki dqN lksp jgs gSa rksHkh
fnekx dke dj jgk gS ;kfu Mental work rks gks gh jgk gS blfy, lkspuk Hkh ,d dk;Z gh gSA
Action doesn‟t only mean the physical work. When you think, your brain works, so „to think‟
is also an action ; hence it is a verb.
b½ lgk;d fØ;k (Helping Verb/Auxiliary Verb)

;g fØ;k subject dh voLFkk ds ckjs esa crkrh gSA Subject ds vuqlkj o le;dky ¼orZeku] Hkwr o Hkfo’;½ ds
vuqlkj budk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA budk iz;ksx vki vkxs vkus okys pSIVlZ esa foLrkj ls le÷ksaxsA
Examples:
is, am, are, was, were, has, have, had, do, does, did, will etc.
3. Object ¼vkWctSDV½ & dkjd

dkjd og gksrk gS ftl ij drkZ ds dk;Z ;k voLFkk dk izHkko iM+rk gSA
Object is the one, which gets affected by the action or the state of the subject.
uhps nh x;h rkfydk esa dqN mnkgj k fn;s x;s gSa (A few examples are appended in the table) &
Main Verb
Sentence ¼okD;½ Subject Object
¼eq[; fØ;k½
jke esjk nksLr gSA jke esjk nksLr &
oks ikxy ugha gSA oks Ikkxy &
ge lc eEeh ds lkFk FksA ge lc eEeh &
jkgqy ;gk¡ ugha gSA jkgqy ;gk¡ &
ikik [ksyrs gSaA ikik & [ksyuk
ikik ikdZ esa [ksyrs gSaA ikik ikdZ [ksyuk
jke vk;sxkA jke & vkuk
eSa rqEgsa ;kn djrk g¡wA eSa Rkqe ;kn djuk
jkgqy ds ikl iSls ugha gSaA jkgqy iSls &
jf'e dh pkj cgusa FkhA jf'e pkj cgusa &
jke ikdZ esa FkkA jke ikdZ
rqe esjs fny esa jgrs gksA rqe esjk fny jguk
oks Ldwy ugha tkrk FkkA oks Ldwy tkuk
cPps D;k ns[krs gSa\ cPps & ns[kuk
Subjects nks rjg ds gksrs gSa (Subjects are of two types) –
Singular - flUxqyj ¼,dopu½ tc Subject ,d O;fDr] ,d oLrq ;k ,d LFkku dk cks/k djk;sA

When the subject refers to one person/place/thing.
Plural – IY;wjy ¼cgqopu½ tc Subject ,d ls T+;knk O;fDr] oLrq ;k LFkku dk cks/k djk;sA
When the subject refers to more than one person/place/thing.
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Singular ¼,dopu ½ Plural ¼cgqopu ½
Ram ¼,d yM+dk gS½
Shyam ¼,d yM+dk gS½ Ram & Shyam ¼,d ls T+;knk ;kfu nks yM+ds gS½
Sky ¼vkleku ,d gS½ People¼yksx½
This- ;g] ;s ¼,d ds fy,½ Crowd¼HkhM+½
That- og] oks ¼,d ds fy,½ These- ;g] ;s ¼,d ls T+;knk ds fy,½
It- ;g] ;s ¼,d ds fy,½ Those og] oks] os ¼,d ls T+;knk ds fy,½
Pen ¼,d iSu dh ckr gks jgh gSA½ Pens ¼,d ls T+;knk iSuksa dh ckr gks jgh gSA½
Personal Pronoun Subjects: Singular & Plural

First Person, Second Person & Third Person
Person Singular Plural
First Person
I ¼eSa½ We ¼ge½
The person or people speaking
Thou¼rqe ;k vki {,d O;fDr}½ You¼rqe ;k vki
Second Person
(Obsolete now & replaced with {,d ls T+;knk
The person or people being spoken to „You‟ in present English) O;fDr}½
He ¼og {,d yM+ds ds fy, }½ They - os ¼,d
Third Person
She ¼og {,d yM+dh ds fy, }½ ls T+;knk yksxksa ds
The person or people being spoken about fy, ½
ekuk eSa vkils jke ds ckjs esa ckr djk g¡w] rks ;gk¡ ij eSa¼I½ First Person g¡w , vki ¼You½ Second Person gks vkSj
jke¼Ram½ Third Person gSA
/;ku nhft,] vki ¼You½ pkgs ,d O;fDr gksa ;k ,d ls vf/kd] vaxzst+h Hkk’kk esa You dks cgqopu dh rjg gh iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gS
o You ds lkFk ogh lgk;d fØ;k,¡ iz;ksx dh tkrh gSa ftUgsa cgqopu subject ds lkFk iz;ksx djrs gSa tSls are, have, do
etc.
“You” is always treated as a plural subject & its singular form is obsolete now. That‟s why, “You”
is always followed by the helping verbs, which are used with Plural subjects.
“This, That, These, Those” dk iz;ksx (Use of “This, That, These, Those”)
vkb, le>sa fd This, That, These & Those dk iz;ksx dSls djuk gSA
Let‟ s understand how to use This, That, These & Those.
Singular ¼,dopu½ Plural ¼cgqopu½
Near ¼ikl½ This ¼;s] ;g½ These ¼;s] ;g½
Far ¼nwj½ That ¼og] oks] os½ Those ¼og] oks] os½
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vxj dksbZ O;fDr] oLrq ;k LFkku gekjs lkeus gS] rks ij nh x;h Vscy ds vuqlkj ge ;k rks „this‟ dk iz;ksx djsaxs ;k
fQj „these‟ dkA vxj ,dopu gS rks „this‟ vkSj vxj cgqopu gS rks „these‟ A blh rjg vxj dksbZ O;fDr] oLrq ;k
LFkku gels nwj gS] rks Vscy ds vuqlkj ge ;k rks „that‟ dk iz;ksx djsaxs ;k fQj „those‟ dkA vxj ,dopu gS rks
„that‟ vkSj vxj cgqopu gS rks „those‟ A
If a person, place or thing is nearby, as per the table we must use either „this‟ or „these‟. If it is
singular then „this‟ and if plural then „these‟. Similarly if a person, place or thing is afar, we must
use either „that‟ or „those‟. If it is singular then „that‟ and if plural then „those‟.
bls vkSj csgrj le÷kus ds fy, uhps nh x;h rkfydk dks le÷ksaA
This concept can be better understood with the help of the table below:
;g@;s fdrkc This book fdrkc ikl gS vkSj ,dopu gS blfy, „this‟ dk iz;ksx fd;kA vxj fdrkc
nwj gksrh rks eSa Þ;g@;s fdrkcÞ ugha cfYd Þoks@og fdrkcÞ dgrkA
Book is near and singular, hence used „this‟ .
og@oks fdrkc That book fdrkc nwj gS vkSj ,d gS blfy, „that‟ dk iz;ksx fd;kA
Book is afar and singular, hence used „that‟ .
;s@;g fdrkcsa These books fdrkcsa ikl gaS vkSj ,d ls T+;knk gSa blfy, „these‟ dk iz;ksx fd;kA
Books are near and plural; hence used „these‟ .
Okks@og@os Those books fdrkcsa nwj gaS vkSj ,d ls T+;knk gSa blfy, „those‟ dk iz;ksx fd;kA
fdrkcsa Books are afar and plural, hence used „those‟ .
os cPps Those/They cPps nwj gaS vkSj ,d ls T+;knk gSa blfy, „those‟ dk iz;ksx fd;kA p¡wfd cPps
children ltho gSa blfy, „they‟ dk iz;ksx Hkh fd;k tk ldrk gSA
Children are afar and plural, hence used „those‟ . Since
Children are living being so we can also use „they‟ .
;s eNfy;k¡ These fishes eNfy;k¡ ikl gaS vkSj ,d ls T+;knk gSa blfy, „these‟ dk iz;ksx fd;kA
Fishes are near and plural, hence used „these‟ .
;s lc yM+ds These all yM+ds ikl gaS vkSj ,d ls T+;knk gSa blfy, „these‟ dk iz;ksx fd;kA
boys Boys are near and plural, hence used „these‟ .
oks nksuksa yM+ds Those/They yM+ds nwj gaS vkSj ,d ls T+;knk gSa blfy, „those‟ dk iz;ksx fd;kA p¡wfd
both boys yM+ds ltho gSa blfy, „they‟ dk iz;ksx Hkh dj ldrs gSaA
Boys are afar and plural, hence used „these‟ . Since boys
are living being so we can also use „they‟ .
ltho o futhZo dk QdZ (Difference between Living & Non-Living)

 ltho mls dgrs gSa ftlesa tku gksrh gS ;kfu tks lk¡l ysrk gSA
Living is the one that breathes.
 futhZo mls dgrs gSa ftlesa tku ugha gksrh ;kfu tks lk¡l ugha ysrk gSA
Non-living is the one that doesn‟ t breath.
ltho ds mnkgj k & bUlku] tkuoj] isM+ ikS/ks vkfnA
futhZo ds mnkgj k & dksbZ pht@oLrq vkfnA
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rkTtqc gksrk gS fd isM+ ikS/ks ltho dSls gSa ! ij lR; ;gh gS fd os ltho gSa D;ksafd oks Hkh bUlku dh rjg lk¡l ysrs gSA
QdZ flQZ bruk gS fd bUlku lk¡l ysrs oDr vkWDlhtu vUnj ysrk gSa vkSj dkcZu MkbZ vkWDlkbM ckgj fudkyrk gSa tcfd
isM+ ikS/ks dkcZu MkbZ vkWDlkbM vUnj ysrs gSa vkSj vkWDlhtu ckgj fudkyrs gSaA
lHkh ltho uhps fn;s x;s lkrksa dk;Z djrs gSa] tcfd futhZo ughaA
1. Feeding
2. Breathing
3. Excretion(Removal of waste)
4. Growth
5. Reproduction
‟s dk iz;ksx (Use of Apostrophe S)
jke dk iSu Ram‟ s pen / Pen of Ram
egRoiw kZ ckr & tSlk fd ij fy[kk x;k gS] pkgs Ram‟ s pen dgsa ;k fQj Pen of Ram] ckr ,d gh gS ij
egRoiw kZ QdZ ;g gS fd igys rjhds ls fy[kus esa jke dks T+;knk egRo fn;k x;k gS iSu dks ugha tcfd nwljs rjhds esa iSu
dks T+;knk egRo fn;k x;k gS jke dks ughaA
lhrk dk HkkbZ Seeta‟ s brother / Brother of Seeta

jkgqy dh eEeh Rahul‟ s mother / Mother of Rahul
yM+dh dk HkkbZ Girl‟ s brother / Brother of the girl
yM+fd;ksa ds HkkbZ Girls‟ brothers / Brothers of the girls
esjs ikik ds nksLr dh csVh My father‟s friend‟s daughter / The daughter of my father‟s friend
esjs HkkbZ dk iSu My brother‟ s pen / The pen of my brother
esjs HkkbZ;ksa ds iSu My brothers‟ pen / The pens of my brothers
esjs fny dh ckr My heart‟ s feelings / The feeling of my heart
rqEgkjs eksckbZy dh vkokt+ Your mobile‟ s sound / The sound of your mobile
‚ksj dh ngkM+ Lion‟ s roar / Roar of the lion
xhrk dh vkokt+ Geeta‟ s voice / Voice of Geeta
/;ku nhft,] vxj eSa dg¡w ÞyM+dh dk HkkbZÞA yM+dh ,d gh gS blfy, ÞyM+dh dkÞ ds fy, ge girl‟ s dgsaxsA ij vxj eSa
dg¡w ÞyM+fd;ksa dk HkkbZÞA yM+fd;k¡ ,d ls T+;knk gS blfy, ÞyM+fd;ksa dkÞ ds fy, ge girls‟ s ugha dgsaxs cfYd flQZ
girls‟ dgsaxsA gksrk ;s gS fd vxj dksbZ cgqopu ‚kCn ftlds vUr esa s gks vkSj ml ‚kCn ds lkFk ‟ s yxkuk gks rks
apostrophe( ‟ ) ds ckn okyk s ugha yxk;k tkrkA
If I say „girl‟ s brother‟ , it is clear that there is only one girl but if there are more than
one girl, then I can‟ t say „girls‟ s brother‟ , rather I would say „girls‟ brother‟ . Whenever
we need to use ‟ s after a plural word ending with s, as per the rule we must not use „s‟
after apostrophe.
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vkb, dqN pht+sa jV ysa (Let‟ s cram a few things)
uhps fn;s x;s NksVs&2 ‚kCn lewgksa dks ;kn dj ysus ls vkidks dkQh enn feyxh vkus okys pSIVlZ esaA
Words or group of words given below will help you in coming chapters so you are
requested to learn them.
Both ¼nksuksa½
ge nksuksa We both / Both of us oh cksFk @ cksFk vkWQ+ vl
rqe nksuksa You both / Both of you ;w cksFk @ cksFk vkWQ+ ;w
os@oks nksuksa They both / Both of them ns cksFk @ cksFk vkWQ+ nSe
All ¼lc ;k lHkh½

ge lHkh We all / All of us
rqe lHkh You all/ All of you
;s lHkh These all ¼ltho@futhZo ds fy,½ (For living & non living)
oks lHkh Those all ¼ ltho@futhZo ds fy,½ (For living & non living)
os@oks lHkh Those/They all ¼ltho ds fy,½ (For living being)
;s lHkh fdrkcsa These all books / All of these books
oks lHkh iSu Those all pens / All of those pens
oks lHkh yksx Those / They all people
ftruk gks lds] ;kn dj yhft,A buls vkidks dkQh enn feysxhA ;s lHkh okD;ksa esa vDlj iz;ksx esa vkrs gSaA
Learn the following. It will help you significantly while making sentences.
ge rhuksa We three / Three of us oh Fkzh@Fkzh vkWQ+ vl

ge pkjksa We four / Four of us oh Q+ksj@Q+ksj vkWQ+ vl
oks ik¡pksa They five/Those five ns Q+kbo@nkst+ Q+kbo
rqEgkjh vkokt+ Your voice ;kSj okWbl
jke dh vkokt+ Ram‟ s voice jkEl okWbl
rqEgkjs eksckby dh vkokt+ Your mobile‟ s Sound ;kSj eksckbZYl lkmUM
rqEgkjs dEI;wVj dh vkokt+ Your computer‟ s sound ;kSj dEI;wVlZ lkmUM
,slk rksgQk Such a gift lp v fx¶V
,sls rksgQs Such gifts lp fx¶V~l
,slh dgkuh Such a story lp v LVksjh
,slh dgkfu;k¡ Such stories lp LVksjht+
,slk fnu Such a day lp v Ms
,sls fnu Such days lp Mst+
,sls yksx Such people lp ihiy
rqEgkjh ckrsa Your words ;kSj oM~Zl
esjh ;knsa My memories ek; eSejht+
rqEgkjk xqLlk Your anger ;kSj ,sUxj
vkidk cM+Iiu Your kindness ;kSj dkbUMusl
esjh et+hZ My will ek; foy
esjh bPNk My desire ek; fMt+k;j
ml yM+ds ds iSls That boy‟ s money nSV ckW;t+ euh
bu cPpksa ds fy, For these children/kids Q+kj nht+ fpYMªu@fdM~l
esjs [okc My dreams ek; MªhEl
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mldh ckrsa His/Her words fgt+@gj oM~Zl
ge nksuksa dh fdrkcsa Books of we both cqDl vkWQ+ oh cksFk
dejs dh f[kM+fd;k¡ Room‟ s windows dejs dh f[kM+fd;k¡
eNfy;ksa dk [kkuk Fishes‟ food fQ+‛kt+ QwM
gj iy dh [kcj Every moment‟ s news ,ojh ekWeSUV~l U;wt+
fdlh dk nksLr Someone‟ s friend leoUl ÝSUM
fdlh ds lkFk With someone fon leou
fdlh vkSj ds lkFk With someone else fon leou ,sYl
fdlh dk HkkbZ Someone‟ s brother leoUl cznj
dqN@FkksM+k ikuh Some water le okWVj
esjs eksckby dh dher My mobile‟ s cost ek; eksckbYl dkWLV
fdlh vkSj dh dgkuh Someone else‟ s story leou ,sYlt+ LVksjh
fdlh vkSj dk ?kj Someone else‟ s house leou ,sYlt+ gk l
dksbZ vkSj Someone else leou ,sYl
dksbZ vkSj ugha No one else uksou ,sYlt
fQj dHkh Some other time le vnj VkbZe
vkSj fdlh fnu Some other day le vnj Ms
,slk gh dqN Something like this lefFkax ykbd fnl
,slk dqN ugha Nothing as such ufFkax ,st+ lp
Qkyrw esa Unnecessarily vuuSlslSfjyh
Tkkucw>dj Knowingly uksbaxyh
vuTkkus esa Unknowingly vuuksbaxyh
fny yxkdj Whole heartedly ÝkWe n dksj vkWQ+ ek; gkVZ@gksy gkVZsMyh
fdlh vkSj ds lkFk With someone else fon leou ,sYl
fny dk nnZ The pain of heart n isu vkWQ+ gkVZ
ek¡ dk fny Mother‟ s heart enlZ gkVZ
cPPkksa dh lksp Thinking of children fFkafdax vkWQ+ fpYMªu
esjk HkkbZ My brother / Brother of mine ek; cznj@cznj vkWQ+ ekbu
esjs HkkbZ My brothers/ Brothers of mineek; cznlZ@cznlZ vkWQ+ ekbu
mlds HkkbZ ¼fdlh yM+ds ds½ His brothers / Brothers of his fgt+ cznlZ@cznlZ vkWQ+ fgt+
mlds HkkbZ ¼fdlh yM+dh ds½ Her brothers / Brothers of hersgj cznlZ@cznlZ vkWQ+ glZ
rqEgkjk crkZo Your behaviour ;kSj fcgsfo;j
rqEgkjk jkLrk Your way ;kSj os
rqEgkjs tSlk Like you ykbd ;w
fcYdqy rqEgkjs tSlk Just like you tLV ykbd ;w
mldh dgkuh His story fgt+ LVksjh
mlds fcuk Without him fonkmV fge
rqEgkjs fcuk Without you fonkmV ;w
rqEgkjs fy, For you Q+kWj ;w
flQZ rqEgkjs fy, Only for you vksUyh Q+kWj ;w
ml yM+ds ds lkFk With that boy fon nSV ckW;
esjs fy, For me Q+kj eh
rqEgkjs ckjs esa About you vckmV ;w
fdlh ds ihNs Behind Someone fcgkUM leou
nhokj ds ihNs Behind the wall fcgkUM n okWy
unh ds fdukjs At the bank of river ,sV n cSad vkWQ+ fjoj
unh ds ml ikj Across the river vØkWl n fjoj
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lM+d ds ml ikj Across the road vØkWl n jksM
isM+ ds ihNs Behind the tree fcgkUM n Vªh
gekjh rjQ Towards us VqoM~Zl vl
rqEgkjs ?kj dh rjQ Towards your home VqoM~Zl ;kSj gkse
esjs vkxs Ahead of me vgsM vkWQ+ eh
lc yksxksa ds vkxs Ahead of all the people vgsM vkWQ+ vkWy n ihiy
esjs lkeus In front of me bu ÝUV vkWQ+ eh
jfo ds cxy esa Next to Ravi / Adjacent Ravi / Beside Ravi / By Ravi
uSDLV Vq jfo @,tlSUV jfo@fclkbM jfo@ck; jfo
dqN yksxksa ds ckjs esa About few people vckmV ¶;w ihiy
esjh gFksyh ij On my palm vkWu ek; ike
Vscy ds uhps Under the table vUMj n Vscy
esjs ikik ds ckjs esa About my dad vckmV ek; MSM
lcls vkxs Ahead of all vgsM vkWQ+ vkWy
fiadh ds lkeus In front of Pinki/Before Pinki bu ÝUV vkWQ+ fiadh@fcQksj fiadh
phrs ds cxy esa Next to tiger uSDLV Vw Vkbxj
esjs ckjs esa About me vckmV eh
ml Vscy ij On that table vkWu n Vscy
fnYyh dh rjQ Towards Delhi VqoM~Zl MSgyh
lcls ihNs Behind all fcgkUM vkWy
rqEgkjs I;kj ds fy, For your love Q+kj ;kSj yo
esjs flj ds ij On my head vkWu ek; gSM
‚;ke ds cxy esa Next to Shyam uSDLV Vw ‚;ke
jke ds lkFk With Ram fon jke
mldh dgkuh ds fy, For his story Q+kj fgt+ LVksjh
VwVk gqvk fny Broken heart czksdu gkVZ
VwVk gqvk dk¡p Broken glass czksdu XYkkl
gekjh [okfg‛ksa Our desires vkj@voj fMt+k;lZ
f‛ko dh iwtk Worship of Lord Shiva ojf‛ki vkWQ ykWMZ f‛kok
lkspus dk rjhdk The way of thinking n os vkWQ+ fFkafdax
[kkus dk rjhdk The way of eating n os vkWQ+ bZfVax
pyus dk rjhdk The way of walking n os vkWQ+ okWfdax
rqEgkjh otg ls Due to you / because of you M~;w Vq ;w@fcdt+ vkWQ ;w jke
dh otg ls Due to Ram / because of Ram M~;w Vq jke@fcdt+ vkWQ jke
cPpksa ds dkj k Due to children / because of children M~;w Vq fpYMªu@fcdt+ vkWQ fpYMªu
iSls ds dkj k Due to money / because of money M~;w Vq efu@fcdt+ vkWQ efu
cPps dh otg ls Due to the kid / because of the kid M~;w Vq n fdM@fcdt+ vkWQ n fdM
esjs lkFk With me fon eh
rqEgkjs lkFk With you fon ;w
mlds lkFk With him/her fon fge@gj
gekjs lkFk With us fon vl
muds lkFk ¼T+;knk yksxksa ds lkFk½ With them fon nSe
fdlh ds lkFk With Someone fon leou
lks;k gqvk Asleep vLyhi
txk gqvk Awake vosd
Fkdk gqvk Tired Vk;MZ
pkSadk gqvk Shocked ‚kkWDM
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[kks;k gqvk Lost ykWLV
fiVk gqvk Beaten chVu
Mjk gqvk Scared, Terrified Lds;MZ] VSjhQ+kbM
VwVk gqvk Broken czksdu
eqM+k gqvk Bent cSUV
QVk gqvk Torn VkWuZ
fy[kk gqvk Written fjVu
:dk gqvk Stopped LVkWIM
cSBk gqvk Sitting flfVax
[kM+k gqvk Standing LVSfUMax
x<+k gqvk] nQuk;k gqvk Buried cjhM
fNik gqvk Hidden fgMu
j[kk gqvk Kept dSIV
ltk gqvk Decorated MSdjsVM
egku O;fDr;ksa }kjk dgh xbZ ckrsa (Quotations)
1. Don't let the fear of losing be greater than the excitement of winning.
gkjus ds Mj dks thrus dh [kq‛kh ls T+;knk er c<+us nksA
2. If you think of something difficult, that means you have not understood it well.
vxj vkidks dqN eqf‛dy yxrk gS] rks bldk ;gh eryc gS fd vkius mls <ax ls le÷kk ughaA
3. What's the point of being alive if you don't try to do something remarkable.
thfor jgus ds D;k ek;us vxj vki dqN vlk/kkj k djus dk iz;Ru u djsaA
4. There are two types of people who will tell you that you cannot make a difference
in this world: those who are afraid to try and those who are afraid you will succeed.
nks rjg ds yksx vkidks ;s dgsaxs fd vki bl nqfu;k esa dqN vyx ugha dj ldrs & ,d oks tks [kqn iz;kl djus ls
Mjrs gSa vkSj nwljs oks ftUgsa vkids lQy gksus dk Mj gSA
5. Don't wish it were easier, wish you were better.

;s er pkgks fd dke vklku gks] cfYd ;s pkgks fd vki csgrj gksaA

Dear students,
Aditya Sir
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Lesson – 3
Pronunciation ¼izuufl,‛ku½ & mPpkj k
lgh mPpkj k ds fcuk fdlh Hkh Hkk’kk dk egRo de gks tkrk gSA vki Hkys gh fdruh Hkh vPNh baxfy‛k fy[kuk
o cksyuk lh[k ysa ysfdu lgh mPpkj k ds fcuk vki g¡lh dk ik«k cu ldrs gSaA bl pSIVj ds ek/;e ls vki
vaxzst+h ‚kCnksa ds mPpkj k dh ckjhfd;ksa dks le÷k ik;saxsA gj pSIVj esa vaxzst+h okD;ksa ds lkFk mPpkj k Hkh fn;k
x;k gS vkSj bl ckr dk Hkh csgn /;ku j[kk x;k gS fd mPpkj k fcYdqy xyr u fy[kk gks D;ksafd ge ij
vkidk vkSj vki tSls djksM+ks fo/kkfFkZ;ksa dk tks fo‛okl gS] ogh gekjh lQyrk gSA
There is no significance of a language without proper pronunciation. Irrespective of how
good you are in Grammar or even how fluently you speak, incorrect pronunciation of
words can make people laugh at you. This lesson will help you improve your
pronunciation.
t+#jh gS fd ge tc Hkh fdlh ‚kCn dks cksysa rks mls lgh rjhds ls cksysaA xyr rjhds ls cksyus ij mldk vFkZ cny tkrk gSA
Always pronounce a word properly or else the meaning of the word can change.
,d ‚kCn gS – Cheek, ftldk eryc gS “xky”A bls cksysaxs – “phd” ij vxj vkius cksyk “fpd” rks fpd(chick)
eryc “eqxhZ dk cPpk”A NksVh b ;k cM+h bZ ls gh dkQh QdZ iM+ tkrk gSA Bhd blh rjg ,d ‚kCn gS – Sleep, ftldk
eryc gS “lksuk”A bls cksysaxs – Lyhi A ij vxj vkius cksyk fLyi rks fLyi (slip) eryc fQlyukA pSIVj dh vkWfM;ks
vkidks nh x;h gSA mls lqudj vki bl pSIVj dks vkSj csgrj le÷k ik;saxsA
,d ckr vkSj] igys rks ;s tkfu, fd “Pronunciation” dk lgh mPpkj k “izuufl,‛ku” gS] u fd “izukmufl,‛ku”A
yksx vDlj xyrh djrs gSaA gk¡ ;s ckr lgh gS fd “Pronounce” dk lgh mPpkj k “izukmUl” gS] “izuUl” ughaA
dksbZ Hkh ijQ+SDV gksus dk nkok ugha dj ldrk ij ge ijQ+SD‛ku ds cgqr djhc rks tk ldrs gSa uA rks vkb, iz;kl djsaA
lcls igys tkfu, vaxzst+h o fgUnh ds Loj o O;atu ds ckjs esaA

First of all, Let‟ s have a look at vowels and consonants of English & Hindi language.
vaxzsth o kZekyk esa dqy 26 o kZ gksrs gSa &

There are 26 letters in English Alphabet -
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O
, ch lh Mh bZ ,sQ th ,p vkb ts ds ,sy ,se ,su vks
P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
ih D;w vkj ,l Vh ;w oh MCY;w ,Dsl ok; t+SM
vaxzsth o kZekyk ds bu 26 o kksZa dks nks izdkjksa esa ck¡Vk x;k gS & Loj (vowel) o O;atu (consonant)
Vowels (Loj) : There are 5 vowels. ¼5 Loj gksrs gSa½ & a, e, i, o, u

Consonants (O;atu) : Rest 21 are consonants. ¼ckdh cps 21 O;atu dgykrs gSa½
b, c, d, f, g, h, j, k, l, m, n, p, q, r, s, t, v, w, x, y, z.
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fgUnh o kZekyk esa dqy 46 o kZ gksrs gSa &
There are 46 letters in Hindi Alphabet –
Loj (Vowels)
v vk b Ã m , ,s vks vkS va v%
a aa e/i ee u/o oo/u e/ai ai o au/ou ang ah
O;atu (Consonants)
d [k x ?k ³ p N t ÷k ´ V B M < k
ka kh ga gha nga cha chha ja jha yan ta tha da dha ana
r Fk n Ëk u i Q c Hk e ; j y o ‚k
th/t th/tha da/th dha na pa pha/fa ba bha ma ya ra la va/wa sh
‘k l g {k = K
sh sa ha ksh tra gya
izk;% fdlh Hkh ‚kCn dk mPpkj k ml ‚kCn esa vkus okys Loj ls fu/kkZfjr gksrk gSA gkyk¡fd viokn gj txg gSa ysfdu tc
vki fdlh Hkk’kk dks lh[kus dh izfØ;k esa vkxs c<+rs tkrs gSa rks [kqn c [kqn vki bu vioknksa dks tkuus yxrs gSaA Lojksa dk
jksy vge gksus dh otg ls ge ‚kq#vkr Lojksa ds mPpkj k ls djrs gSa mlds ckn dqN ,sls O;tauksa ds mPpkj k dks le÷ksaxs
ftuds fcuk vaxzst+h Hkk’kk dks lgh rjhds ls cksyuk ukeqefdu gSA
Often, pronunciation of a word depends on the sound of the vowel in the word itself.
Exceptions are certainly there, but when you keep learning a language, you come to
know such exceptions yourselves. Since the vowels are the base of pronunciation, we
start with vowels first; however, we‟ ll cover those consonants too, without knowing
their pronunciation, it is next to impossible to pronounce correctly.
Lojksa dk mPpkj k (Pronunciation of vowels)
bafXy‛k ds ik¡p Loj & a, e, i, o, u

A dk mPpkj k
lcls igys ;s tkfu;s fd tc Hkh „a‟ fdlh okD; esa vdsys vkrk gS] rks mls „,‟ ugha cfYd ges‛kk „v‟ dgrs gSaA
A man is standing there. v eSu bt+ LVSfUMax nsvjA
He is a good boy. gh bt+ v xqM ckW;A
A, AI, AY – „,‟ ¼ s ½
Name ¼use½ & uke Fame ¼Q+se½ & izflf) Game¼xse½ & [ksy Rate ¼jsV½ & ewY;
Shame¼‛kse½ & ‚keZ Ape ¼,i½ & yaxwj Shape¼‛ksi½ & vkdkj Same ¼lse½ & leku
Pain ¼isu½ & nnZ Rain ¼jsu½ & ckfj‛k Day ¼Ms½ & fnu Say ¼ls½ & dguk
A – „,s‟ ¼ S ½
Ash ¼,sl½ & jk[k At ¼,sV½ & ij] esa An ¼,su½ & ,d Anchor ¼,sadj½ & ,sadj
Gas ¼xSl½ & xSl Map ¼eSi½ & eSi Man ¼eSu½ & vkneh Cat ¼dSV½ & fcYyh
A – „,v‟ ¼ sv ½
Rare ¼jsvj½ & nqyZHk Dare ¼Msvj½ & fgEer djuk Share¼‛ksvj½ & feydj djuk
A – „v‟ ¼ k ½
Alert ¼vyVZ½ & lpsr Agree ¼vxzh½ & lger gksuk Ajar ¼vtkj½ & v/k[kqyk
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A – „vk‟ ¼ kk ½
Are ¼vkj½ & ,d lgk;d fØ;k After ¼vk¶+Vj½ & ckn esa Far ¼Q+kj½ & nwj
A, AW – „vkW‟ ¼ W ½
Tall ¼VkWy½ & yEck Hall ¼gkWy½ & cM+k dejk Call ¼dkWy½ & Q+ksu djuk] iqdkjuk
Awesome ¼vkWle½ & cgqr cf<+;k Aweful ¼vkWQ+y½ & cgqr csdkj Awkward ¼vkWdoMZ½ & vViVk
E dk mPpkj k
E, EE, EA – „ bZ ‟ ¼ h ½ cM+h bZ
Me ¼eh½ & eq÷ks He ¼gh½ & og Be ¼ch½ & gksuk
Week ¼ohd½ & lIrkg Teen ¼Vhu½ & fd‛kksj Keep ¼dhi½ & j[kuk
Weak ¼ohd½ & det+ksj Heap ¼ghi½ & <sj Sea ¼lh½ & lkxj
E – „,s‟ ¼ S ½
Hen ¼gSu½ & eqxhZ Pen ¼iSu½ & izflf) Enter ¼,sUVj½ & izos‛k djuk
E – „ b ‟ ¼ f ½ NksVh b
Example ¼bXtS+Eiy½ & mnkgj k Eleven¼bySou½ & X;kjg Engagement ¼baxstesaV½ & lxkbZ
I dk mPpkj k
I – „ b ‟ ¼ f ½ NksVh b
It ¼bV ½ & ;g Is ¼bt+½ & lgk;d fØ;k Injury ¼bUtjh½ & pksV
Sin ¼flu½ & iki Hindustan ¼fgUnqLrku½ & fgUnqLrku] Hkkjr Hill ¼fgy½ & igkM+
I – „ vk; ‟
Hi ¼gk;½ & gSyks] vfHkoknu djuk Hire ¼gk;j½ & fdjk;s ij ysuk Retire¼fjVk;j½ &fjVk;j gksuk
Expire ¼,Dlik;j½ & le; lhek [kRe Attire ¼vVk;j½ & iks‛kkd Dire ¼Mk;j½ & Hk;kud
I – „ vkb ‟
File ¼Q+kby½ & Q+kby Nile ¼ukby½ & uhy unh Grind ¼xzkbUM½ & ihluk Hide ¼gkbM½ & fNikuk
Pile ¼ikby½ & <sj Chile¼pkby½ & fpyh ¼,d ns‛k½ Strike ¼LVªkbd½ & gM+rky Kite ¼dkbV½ & irax
I – „v ‟
Flirt ¼¶yVZ½ & ¶yVZ djuk First ¼QLVZ½ & izFke] igyk Third ¼FkMZ½ & r`rh;] rhljk
Dirt ¼MVZ½ & xanxh Shirt ¼‛kVZ½ & deht+ Shirk ¼‛kdZ½ & Hkkxuk ¼ft+Eesnkjh ls½
IE – „ bZ ‟ ¼ h ½ cM+h bZ
Niece ¼uhl½ & Hkrhth Piece ¼ihl½ & VqdM+k Believe ¼fcyho½ & ekuuk] fo‛okl djuk
IO – „ vk; ‟
Lion ¼yk;u½ & ‚ksj Riot ¼jk;V½ & naxk Ion ¼vk;u½ & v kq ¼HkkSfrdh (physics) esa½
O dk mPpkj k
O, OW – „ vks ‟ ¼ ks ½
Om ¼vkse½ & ¡ Old ¼vksYM½ & cw<+k Only ¼vksUyh½ & dsoy] bdykSrk
More ¼eksj½ & T+;knk Bold ¼cksYM½ & lkglh] lkgfld Rope ¼jksi½ & jLlh
Bow ¼cks½ & /kuq’k Snow ¼Luks½ & fgeikr] cQZ Eyebrow ¼vkbczks½ & HkkSgsa
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Yellow ¼;yks½ & ihyk jax Slow ¼Lyks½ & /khek Pillow ¼fiyks½ & rfd;k
OO – „ m ‟ ¼ q ½ NksVh m
Cook ¼dqd½ & jlksb;k Look ¼yqd½ & ns[kuk Good ¼xqM½ & vPNk To ¼Vq½ & dks
OO – „ ‟ ¼ w ½ cM+h
Too ¼Vw½ & Hkh Shoot ¼‛kwV½ & xksyh ekjuk Groom ¼xzwe½ & nwYgk Loot ¼ywV½ & ywVuk
O – „v ‟
Done ¼Mu½ & gks x;k Oppose ¼vikst+½ & fojks/k djuk Occur ¼vdj½ & ?kfVr gksuk Son ¼lu½ & csVk
O – „ vkW ‟
Opt ¼vkWIV½ & pquuk On ¼vkWu½ & ds ij] ij Stop ¼LVkWi½ & #dks] #duk Lot ¼ykWV½ & cgqr
Chop ¼pkWi½ & dkVuk Hop ¼gkWi½ & dwnuk Shop ¼‛kkWi½ & nqdku Rob ¼jkWc½ & ywVuk
OW – „ vko ‟
Cow ¼dko½ & xk; Shower ¼‛kkoj½ & ugkuk ds fy, Tower ¼Vkoj½ & ehukj How ¼gko½ & dSlk
OU – „ vkm ‟
Doubt ¼MkmV½ & lansg Shout ¼‛kkmV½ & fpYykuk About ¼vckmV½ & ckjs esa Rout¼jkmV½& HkxnM+
OI – „ vkWb ‟
Join ¼tkWbu½ & ‚kkfey gksuk Coin ¼dkWbu½ & flDdk
OY – „ vkW; ‟
Enjoy ¼,sutkW;½ & ets djuk Boy ¼ckW;½ & yM+dk Royal ¼jkW;y½ & jktlh Loyal¼ykW;y½& oQ+knkj
U dk mPpkj k
U – „ m ‟ ¼ q ½ NksVh m
Bull ¼cqy½ & cSy Full ¼Q+qy½ & Hkjk gqvk Raipur ¼jk;iqj½ & txg dk uke
U – „v ‟
Shut ¼‛kV½ & cUn Run ¼ju½ & nkSM+uk Bulb ¼cYc½ & cYc Under ¼vUMj½ & ds uhps
Utter ¼vVj½ & dguk Urgent ¼vtsZUV½ & t+#jh Cut ¼dV½ & dkVuk But ¼cV½& ysfdu
U – „ ;w ‟
Use ¼;wt+½ & iz;ksx djuk Salute ¼lY;wV½ & lyke Tube ¼V~;wc½& V~;wc Uniform¼;wuhQ+keZ½ & onhZ
U – „ ;ks ‟
Cure ¼D;ksj½ & bykt Tenure ¼VSU;ksj½ & dk;Zdky Sure ¼‛;ksj½& iDdk Allure ¼vY;ksj½ & Qqlykuk
fofo/k mPpkj k (Miscellaneous Pronunciation)
“l” vkSj “'k” dk mPpkj k
vxj fdlh ‚kCn esa S ds Bhd vkxs H vk;s rks ßlÞ ugha cfYd Þ'kÞ dk mPpkj k gksxkA
If in a word, S is followed by H, there will not be „s‟ sound, but „sh‟ sound.
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l dh /ofu (Words with „S‟ sound)
S (l)
Sun¼lu½ & lwjt Saturn¼lSVuZ½ & ‚kfu xzg Saline¼lykbu½ & [kkjk
Salute¼lY;wV½ & lyke Salt¼lkWYV½ & ued Taste¼VsLV½ & Lokn
Safety¼ls¶Vh½ & lqj{kk Sound¼lkmUM½ & /ofu Curse¼dlZ½ & vfHk‛kki
Satire¼lVk;j½ & O;ax Sweet¼LohV½ & ehBk Sweat¼LoSV½ & ilhuk
CE (l)
Peace¼ihl½ & ‚kkfUr Cell¼lSy½ & lSy Century ¼lSUpqjh ½ & lnh
Ice ¼vkbl½ & cQ+Z Center¼lSUVj½ & dsanz Nice ¼ukbl½ & vPNk
‚k dh /ofu (Words with „SH‟ sound)

SH (‚k)
Shirt¼‛kVZ½ & deht+ Shelter¼‛kSYVj½ & vkJ;] ?kj Shoot¼‛kwV½ & xksyh ekjuk
Fish¼fQ+‛k½ & eNyh Crush¼Ø‛k½ & pkgr Trash¼VªS‛k½ & dpjk
TIO (‚k)
Nation¼us‛ku½ & jk’Vª Diction¼fMD‛ku½ & cksyus dk <ax Reaction¼fj,sD‛ku½ & izfrfØ;k
Ratio¼js‛kks½ & vuqikr Rational¼jS‛kuy½ & rdZlaxr Action¼,sD‛ku½ & dk;Z
 (‚k dh /ofu) - Few exceptions ¼¶;w ,sDlsI‛kUl½ & dqN viokn
dqN ,sls ‚kCn Hkh gksrs gSa ftuesa S ds Bhd vkxs H ugha vkrk fQj Hkh mPpkj k esa ÞlÞ ugha cfYd Þ‛kÞ gksrk gSA
Sugar – phuh] bls lqxj ugha cfYd ‚kqxj dgrs gSaA
Sure – iDdk] bls L;ksj ugha cfYd ‚;ksj dgrs gSaA
Passion¼iS‛ku½ & tks‛k Pressure¼izS‛kj½ & ncko Sugar ¼‛kqxj½ & phuh
Sure¼‛;ksj½ & iDdk Asia¼,f‛k;k½ & ,f‛k;k Russia ¼jf‛k;k½ & #l ¼ns‛k dk uke½
 vUrj lef÷k, & Understand the difference:

See lh ns[kuk
Sea lh leqnz Suit lwV lwV
She ‚kh og ¼,d yM+dh ds fy,½ Shoot ‚kwV xksyh ekjuk
Seat lhV cSBus dh txg Sell lSy cspuk

Sheet ‚khV pknj Sale lsy fcØh
Shell ‚kSy [kksy
Sign lkbu gLrk{kj
Shine ‚kkbu ped Sigh lk; ÷kkSadk
Shy ‚kk; ‚kehZyk
Sip fli ?k¡wV
Ship f‛ki tgkt+ Sort lkWVZ izdkj
Short ‚kkWVZ de
Save lso cpkuk
Shave ‚kso gtker Shower ‚kkoj ugkuk
Sour lkoj [kV~Vk
So lks blfy,
Show ‚kks izn‛kZu Shame 'kse 'keZ dh ckr
33
Same lsse leku
cgqr egRoiw kZ mPpkj k ¼t dh /ofu½
t t+ 'k+
1st type 2nd type 3rd type
D;k vkius dHkh lkspk gS fd t ds uhps fcUnq gksus dk D;k eryc gSA
nwljs okys t ds uhps ,d fcUnq (point) gS vkSj rhljs okys esa 'k ds uhps fcUnq (point) gSA
vkidks rkTtqc gqvk gksxk fd ‚k ds uhps fcUnq gksus ls bldk mPpkj k t dh rjg dSls gks tkrk gSA vki bUgsa dsoy lqudj
gh igpku ldrs gSa vkWfM;ks ,Dljlkbt+ esaA uhps fn;s x;s mnkgj kksa ds ek?;e ls dsoy fy[kus dk rjhdk lef÷k,A
1st type- t & Jug - ¼tx½ & ikuh dk tx

2nd type- t+ & Gazal - ¼xt+y½ & ,d rjg dk xhr vankt+
3rd type- ‚k + & Television ¼VSyhfo'k+u½ & Vhoh
t & J, G, DG
Magic¼eSftd½ tknw Gadget¼xStV½ ;a«k Pigeon¼fitu½ dcwrj
Japan¼tSiSu½ tkiku Jealous¼tSyl½ tyu Jewellery¼Tkwyjh½ tsoj
Judge¼tt½ tt Courage¼djst½ lkgl Budge¼ct½ fgyuk
Age¼,t½ mez Edge¼,st½ fdukjk] dksuk Bulge¼cYt½ mHkjk gqvk
t+ & Z, S, X
Music¼E;wft+d½ laxhr Magazine¼eSxt+hu½ if«kdk Rise¼jkbt+½ c<+uk
Maze¼est+½ my÷ku Zoo¼t+w½ fpfM+;k?kj Buzz¼ct+½ fHkufHkukuk
Lizard¼fyt+MZ½ fNidyh Was¼okWt+½ Fkk] Fks] Fkh Wizard¼fot+MZ½ tknwxj
Example¼bXt+SEiy½ mnkgj k Xerox¼t+hjkWDl½ QksVksdkWih Reason¼jht+u½ dkj k
‚k+ & S, SU, SIO

Vision¼fo‛k+u½ n`f’V Leisure¼yS‛k+j½vodk‛k] [kkyh Television¼VSyhfo‛k+u½Vhoh
Provision¼izksfo‛k+u½ izko/kku Elusion¼bY;w‛k+u½Nykok] tks u gks oks yxuk Revision¼fjfo‛k+u½ la‛kks/ku
Pleasure¼IyS‛k+j½ vkuan Treasury¼VªS‛k+jh½ [kt+kuk Measure¼eS‛k+j½ ukiuk
“S” ls ‚kq# gksus okys ‚kCn ij “S” ds rqjUr ckn “H” u vk;s
Words starting with “S”, not immediately followed by “H”
tc Hkh fdlh ‚kCn dh 'kq#vkr “s” ls gksrh gS (ij “s” ds ckn “h” u vk;s) rks ml ‚kCn dks cksyrs oDr mldh 'kq#vkr
vk/ks l ;kfu “L” ls gksrh gS tcfd dbZ yksx mlds vkxs b yxk nsrs gSaA gks ldrk gS fd vki Hkh ;s xyrh djrs gksaA blds
mnkgj k Hkh vkWfM;ks ySDpj esa fn;s x;s gSaA
 School - ;s Ldwy gS] u fd bLdwy

 Smile - ;s Lekby gS] u fd bLekby
 Style - ;s LVkby gS] u fd bLVkby
Smile ¼Lekby½ eqLdqjkuk School¼Ldwy½ fo|ky; Style ¼LVkby½ ‚kSyh] vankt+
Stoll ¼LVksy½ ‚kkWy Stool ¼LVwy½ LVwy Start ¼LVkVZ½ ‚kq# djuk
Spice ¼Likbl½ elkyk Strange¼LVªsat½ vuks[kk Slow ¼Lyks½ gYdk] /khek
Screw¼LØw½ isap Strain¼LVªsu½ ruko] VSa‛ku Stress¼LVªSl½ ruko] VSa‛ku
34
Storm¼LVkWeZ½ vka/kh Skill ¼fLdy½ dkS‛ky] dyk Skull ¼Ldy½ [kksiM+h
TH dk mPpkj k (Sound of TH)
n Fk
TH – n
The ¼n ;k nh½ & n ;k nh There ¼nsvj½ & ogk¡ That ¼nSV½ & og This¼fnl½& ;g
TH – Fk
Threat ¼FkzSV½ & /kedh Think ¼fFkad½ & lkspuk Theme¼Fkhe½ & fo’k; Thank¼FkSad½& /kU;okn nsuk
S ds ckn TION gks rks mPpkj k

‚p
Question ¼Dos‛pu½ & iz‛u Suggestion ¼ltS‛pu½ & lq÷kko Digestion ¼MkbtS‛pu½ & ikpu
C dk mPpkj k
l d
C (l)
Peace¼ihl½ & ‚kkfUr Cell¼lSy½ & lSy Century ¼lSUpqjh ½ & lnh
Ice ¼vkbl½ & cQ+Z Center¼lSUVj½ & dsanz Nice ¼ukbl½ & vPNk
C (d)
Cool ¼dwy½ & BaMk Cute¼D;wV½ & I;kjk Shock ¼‛kkWd½ & ÷kVdk Crime ¼Økbe½ & vijk/k
G dk mPpkj k
x t
G (x)
Gold¼xksYM½ & lksuk Get¼xSV½ & ikuk Gate ¼xsV½ & xsV
Give¼fxo½ & nsuk Singer¼flaxj½ & xk;d Golf ¼xkWYQ½ & ,d [ksy
G (t)
Magic ¼eSftd½ & tknw Cage¼dst½ & fiatjk Courage¼djst½ & lkgl
mPpkj k ;gha ij [kRe ugha gqvk] ;s rks ,d ‚kq#vkr gSA vkius flQZ dqN fu;eksa o vioknksa dks le÷kk gSA vkus okys pSIVjksa esa
vki dbZ ,sls ‚kCnksa ls #c# gksaxs ftuesa vkidks dbZ vkSj mPpkj k ns[kus dks feysaxsA
35
Lesson – 4
Vocabulary & Pronunciation Exercises
¼odScyjh ,aM izuufl,‛ku ,Dljlkbt+t+½ & ‚kCnkoyh ,oa mPpkj k vH;kl
vxj vki bl dkslZ dks vPNh rjg ls lh[kuk pkgrs gSa rks gekjh lykg ;s gS fd bl pSIVj dh ‚kCnkoyh
,Dljlkbt+t esa fn;s x;s ‚kCnksa dks fn;s x;s mPpkj k ds lkFk ;kn djus dk iz;Ru djsaA vxj lHkh ‚kCn ugha rks
de ls de 10 ‚kCn jkst+ ;kn djus dh dksf‛k‛k djsaA D;ksafd vkxs vkus okys dkWUlsIV pSIVjksa] izSfDVl
,Dljlkbt+t o VSLV isijlZ esa bu ‚kCnksa dk iz;ksx gksxk vkSj vxj vkidks vf/kdrj ‚kCn ;kn gksa oks Hkh lgh
mPpkj k ds lkFk] rks dkWUlsIV le÷kus] izSfDVl djus ;k VSLV isij lkWYo djus esa vklkuh gksxhA

Dear students,
Aditya Sir
Exercise-I
;gk¡ fn;s x;s 'kCn dkQh vklku gSaA gks ldrk gS fd vki bUgsa igys ls gh tkurs gkas] fQj Hkh ,d ckj ns[k yhft,] gks
ldrk gS dqN u;s 'kCnksa ls vki #c# gksaA
The words out here are pretty easy. However, have a look at these once, It is possible that you
might not know a few.
1. Move ewo fgyuk ;k fgykuk 18. Come de vkuk

2. Go xks tkuk 19. Laugh ykQ g¡luk
3. Eat bZV [kkuk 20. Learn yuZ lh[kuk
4. Walk okWd ?kweuk] iSny pyuk 21. Ask vkLd iwNuk
5. Drink fMªad ihuk 22. Say ls dguk
6. See lh ns[kuk 23. Tell VSy crkuk
7. Look yqd ns[kuk (/;ku ls) 24. Cheat phV /kks[kk nsuk
8. Watch okp ns[kuk ¼fgyrh pht@O;fDr½ 25. Push iq‛k /kDdk nsuk
9. Write jkbV fy[kuk 26. Pull iqy [khapuk
10. Read jhM i<+uk 27. Play Iys [ksyuk
11. Think fFkad lkspuk 28. Game xse [ksy
12. Speak Lihd ckr djuk 29. Home gkse ?kj
13. Talk VkWd ckr djuk 30. Deaf MSQ+ cgjk
14. Get Up xSV vi mBuk ;k txuk 31. Dumb Me xw¡xk
15. Sleep Lyhi lksuk 32. Lame yse y¡xM+k
16. Stand LVSUM [kM+s gksuk 33. Alive vykbo thfor
17. Sit flV cSBuk 34. Stay LVs Bgjuk
36
35. Find QkbUM ikuk] <w¡<uk 82. Cage dst fiatjk
36. Buy ck; [kjhnuk 83. Cave dso xqQk
37. Here fgvj ;gk¡ 84. Den MSu xqQk (jgus dh) tSls 'ksj dh
38. There nsvj ogk¡ 85. Deep Mhi xgjk
39. Give fxo nsuk 86. Dust MLV /kwy
40. Take Vsd ysuk] ys tkuk 87. Early vYkhZ tYnh
41. Beat chV ihVuk 88. Keep dhi j[kuk
42. Win fou thruk 89. Towards VqoMZ~l dh rjQ+
43. Scold LdkWYM Mk¡Vuk 90. Threaten FkzSVu /kedh nsuk
44. Knife ukbQ pkdw 91. Enter ,sUVj ?kqluk] izos‛k djuk
45. Sword lksMZ ryokj 92. See Off lh vkWQ fonk djuk
46. Cut dV dkVuk 93. Look For yqd QkWj <¡<wuk
47. Bite ckbV nk¡r ls dkVuk 94. Look After yqd vk¶Vj ns[kHkky djuk
48. Bow cks /kuq"k 95. Mosquito ekWfLdVks ePNj
49. Arrow ,sjks rhj 96. Sour lkWj ;k lkoj [kV~Vk
50. Spoon Liwu pEep 97. Bitter fcVj dM+ok
51. Open vksiu [kksyuk 98. Hope gksi vk‛kk] mEehn
52. Close Dyksl [kkl ;kfu djhch 99. Hop gkWi dwnuk
53. Close Dykst+ cUn djuk 100. Miss fel ;kn djuk
54. Smile Lekby eqLdqjkuk 101. About vckmV ckjs esa
55. Brave czso cgknqj 102. Send lSUM Hkstuk
56. Coward dkWoMZ dk;j 103. Gorgeous xkWTkZl cgqr lqUnj
57. Forever QjSoj ges‛kk 104. Perhaps ijgSIl 'kk;n
58. Radish jSfM‛k ewyh 105. Maybe esch 'kk;n
59. Carrot dSjV xkt+j 106. Probably izkscSCyh 'kk;n
60. Pain isu nnZ 107. Blame Cyse nks"k nsuk
61. Lion yk;u 'ksj 108. Roof #Q+ Nr ¼?kj ds vUnj dh rjQ+½
62. Tiger Vkbxj ck?k ;k ydM+cX?kk 109. Terrace VSjl Nr ¼?kj ds ij dh½
63. Cheetah phrkg phrk 110. Against vXksaLV fo#)
64. Fox QkWDl ykseM+h 111. Loose Ykwt+ <hyk
65. Tall VkWy yEck 112. Lose Ykwt+ [kksuk
66. Short 'kkWVZ NksVk 113. Loss YkkWl uqdlku] gkfu
67. My ek; esjk 114. Lonely yksUyh vdsyk
68. Mine ekbu esjk 115. Tired Vk;ZM Fkdk gqvk
69. His fgt+ mldk 116. Remind fjekbUM ;kn fnykuk
70. Her gj mldk 117. Remember fjeSecj ;kn djuk
71. Hers glZ mldk 118. Leave yho NksM+uk] NqV~Vh
72. Their nsvj mudk (T;knk yksxksa dk) 119. Beg csx ek¡xuk
73. Theirs nsvlZ mudk (T;knk yksxksa dk) 120. Postpone iksLiksu jn~n djuk] fujLr djuk
74. Our voj gekjk (T;knk yksxksa dk) 121. Purchase ijpst+ [kjhnuk
75. Ours volZ gekjk (T;knk yksxksa dk) 122. Break czsd rksM+uk
76. Then nSu rc 123. Succeed lDlhM lQ+y gksuk
77. Few ¶;w FkksMk+] dqN ¼ftls fxu ldrs gSa½ 124. Ascribe vLØkbc Js; nsuk
78. Some le FkksMk] dqN ¼ftls fxu ugha ldrs½ 125. Buyer ck;j [kjhnus okyk
79. Blanket CySUdSV dEcy 126. Seller lSyj cspus okyk
80. Bring fczax ykuk] ys tkuk 127. Mouse ekml pqfg;k
81. Bunch cUp xqPNk 128. Rat jSV pwgk
37
129. Past ikLV chrk gqvk 133. Awful vkWQ+y cdokl] csdkj
130. Future ¶;wpj vkus okyk dy 134. Awkward vkWdoMZ vViVk
131. Amazing vesft+ax tcjnLr 135. Marriage eSfjt ‚kknh
132. Awesome vkWle csgrjhu
Exercise – II
1. tgk¡ dgha Wherever 40. Achieve ikuk] izkIr djuk

2. When tc ;k dc 41. dgha ugha Nowhere
3. Then rc 42. Somewhere dgha
4. Few dqN 43. Patrol x‛r yxkuk tSls iqfyl dh x‛r
5. Above ij 44. Hop mNydwn djuk
6. ,slk D;ksa Why so 45. tks dqN Hkh Whatever
7. iwNuk Ask 46. tc dHkh Whenever
8. Able ;ksX;] leFkZ 47. Little FkksM+k] NksVk
9. dghsa Hkh Anywhere 48. Enter izos‛k djuk] ?kqluk
10. Her mldk ¼yM+dh dk½ 49. vc ls From now, Now onwards
11. Blanket dEcy 50. His mldk ¼yM+ds dk½
12. Below uhps 51. Ever dHkh
13. Bit FkksM+k] VqdM+k 52. See off fonk djuk
14. ykuk Bring 53. dkSu lk Which
15. Bunch xqPNk 54. fdldk Whose
16. Cage fiatjk 55. Footfall dneksa dh vkokt+
17. Cave xqQk 56. Look for <¡w<uk
18. ,slk D;ksa Why so 57. ns[kHkky djuk Look after, see after
19. Den xqQk ¼jgus dh½ 58. Remind ;kn fnykuk
20. Dust /kwy 59. Awake txk gqvk] mBk gqvk
21. Early tYnh 60. ePNj Mosquito
22. Get up mBuk 61. Rainbow bUnz/kuq"k
23. Below uhps 62. HkkSaduk Bark
24. In front of ds lkeus 63. Petrol isVªksy ¼xkM+h dk½
25. yVdkuk] yVduk Hang 64. Sour [kV~Vk
26. Hold idM+uk 65. Hope mEehn djuk
27. dgk¡ ls From where 66. Miss ;kn djuk
28. Keep j[kuk 67. ihNs Behind
29. Memorize ;kn djuk 68. Right now bl oDr
30. dc rd Until when 69. Something dqN
31. Towards dh rjQ 70. Cheat /kks[kk nsuk
32. Threaten /kedh nsuk 71. cky >M+uk Hair fall
33. Fist eqB~Bh 72. Hkstuk Send
34. Sound vkokt+ 73. Tremble dk¡iuk] FkjFkjkuk
35. Suggestion lq>ko 74. Escape cp fudyuk] Hkkx tkuk
36. Enough dkQh 75. dM+ok Bitter
37. Much T+;knk 76. Extremely cgqr T+;knk
38. dbZ Many 77. Gorgeous cgqr lqUnj
39. fcydqy ughsa Not at all 78. Perhaps ‚kk;n
38
79. deh Lack, Discrepancy 111. Pretty lqUnj] cgqr
80. gYdk Light 112. gkj ekuuk Give in
81. Feverish cq[kkj tSlk 113. cxy esa Beside, next to, adjacent
82. Drop in come (vkuk) 114. Ekkeyk Matter, issue, concern
83. pkjksa rjQ All around 115. However fQj Hkh
84. Fully packed [kpk[kp Hkjk gqvk 116. Than rqyuk esa
85. Forever ges‛kk ds fy, 117. Lonely vdsyk
86. Absolutely fcYdqy] iwjh rjg ls 118. yxHkx Almost, approximately
87. /;ku nsuk Pay attention 119. mnklhu Aloof
88. A lot cgqr T+;knk 120. Learner lh[kus okyk
89. Hence blfy, 121. Ckpiu Childhood
90. [kjk mrjuk Live up to 122. vkokt+ Voice, Sound
91. Regret [ksn gksuk] nq[k gksuk 123. rc Hkh Then also/ Even then
92. vlqfo/kk Inconvenience 124. Asleep lks;k gqvk
93. Finalize QSlyk djuk 125. Away nwj
94. Blame nks"k nsuk 126. Ban izfrca/k yxkuk
95. Very first lcls igyk 127. jtk+bZ Quilt
96. dks;y Cuckoo 128. Bow /kuq"k
97. tYn gh Soon, very soon 129. Tired Fkdk gqvk
98. Unwell rfc;r Bhd u gksuk 130. lqjk[k Hole
99. Against fo#) 131. Drain ukyk
100. n`<+ fu‛p; Firm determination 132. Flock ny] xqPNk
101. Surely iDdk 133. uk[kqu Nail
102. igys ls gh Already, beforehand 134. Spread QSykuk
103. Your place rqEgkjs ;gk¡ 135. ekQ djuk Forgive
104. At this time bl le;] bl iy 136. Crazy ikxy ¼fdlh pht+ ;k O;fDr ds fy,½
105. At the moment bl le;] bl iy 137. fdl ls From whom
106. As per ds vuqlkj 138. Ascribe Js; nsuk
107. tc ls Ever since 139. Kind n;kyw
108. tc rd By the time 140. Keen mRlqd gksuk
109. rc rd Till then, By then 141. Alternative fodYi
110. HkxnM+ Stampede 142. Incredible csgrjhu] tcjnLr
1. Definiteness of purpose is the starting point of all achievement.

mn~ns‛; dk izcy gksuk lHkh miyfC/k;ksa dh igyh lh<+h gSA ¼MCY;w DySesUV LVksu½
2. Fortune favors the brave.

fdLer cgknqjksa dk lkFk nsrh gSA
3. In most of the cases, you will have to fight a battle more than once to win it.
vf/kdka‛kr%] fdlh yM+kbZ dks thrus ds fy, vkidks mls ,d ls vf/kd ckj yM+uk gksxkA
39
Exercise – III
1) At once ,d lkFk
ge ,d lkFk fpYyk;sA we shouted at once.
2) In a while FkksM+h nsj esa
eSa FkksM+h nsj esa vk tk ¡xkA I will come in a while.
3) For a while FkksM+h nsj ds fy,
eq>s FkksM+h nsj ds fy, viuk eksckby ns nksA Give me your mobile for a while.
4) Quite often vDlj
eSa vDlj ogk¡ tkrk gw¡A I go there quite often.
5) Quite iwjh rjg ls
vc eSa iwjh rjg Bhd gw¡A I am quite well now.
6) Similarly blh izdkj
eSa x;k vkSj mlls feyk] blh rjg ls oks Hkh feykA I went and met him. Similarly, he met too.
7) Simultaneously ,d gh le; ij] ,d gh lkFk
eSa i<+ jgk gw¡A lkFk esa tkWc Hkh dj jgk gw¡A I am studying, working simultaneously.
8) Needless t+:jr ugha
dgus dh t+:jr ugha] fd oks ikxy gSA Needless to say that he is mad.
iwNus dh t+:jr ugha] oks igys ls gh tkurk gSA Needless to ask, he already knows.
9) Continuously yxkrkj
Ckkfj‛k yxkrkj gks jgh gSA It is raining continuously.
10) Continually :d :d dj
Ckkfj‛k :d :d dj gks jgh gSA It is raining continually.
11) Pass by cxy ls xqtjuk
oks esjs cxy ls xqtjhA She passed by me.
12) Of no use/avail dksbZ Qk;nk ugha
eSa MkWDVj ds ikl x;k ij dksbZ Qk;nk ugha gqvkA I went to doctor but of no use.
;s iSls fdlh dke ds ughaA This money is of no use.
13) Worthwhile Qk;ns dk lkSnk] ykHknk;d
;s Qk;ns dk lkSnk ugha gSA It‟ s not worthwhile.
D;k ogk¡ tkuk Qk;nsean gS \ Is it worthwhile going there?
14) After a long cgqr nsj ckn
jke cgqr nsj ckn vk;kA Ram came after a long.
15) Cup of tea cl dh ckr gksuk
;s esjs cl dh ckr ugha gSA It is not my cup of tea.
dkWy lsUVj dh tkWc esjs fy, ugha gSA Call center job is not my cup of tea.
16) All the while iwjs fnu] iwjs oDr] lkjk oDr
eSa lkjs fnu i<+rk jgkA I kept on studying all the while.
oks lkjs oDr Vhoh ns[k jgk FkkA He was watching TV all the while.
17) Rip off ywVuk] csodwQ cukuk
lCt+h okyk eq>s ywV jgk FkkA Vegetable seller was ripping me off.
18) Shirk th pqjkuk] Hkkxuk
eSa ft+Eesnkfj;ksa ls dHkh th ugha pqjkrkA I never shirk responsibilities.
19) At large idM+ ls ckgj
vijk/kh idM+ ls ckgj gSA Criminal is at large.
40
20) Impose Fkksiuk
rqe eq> ij viuh et+hZ Fkksi jgs gksA You are imposing your will on me.
21) Offhand fcuk fdlh rS;kjh ds
eSa bUVjO;w esa fcuk fdlh rS;kjh ds x;kA I went for interview off hand.
22) Over cast cknyksa ls Hkjk gqvk
vkleku cknyksa ls f?kjk gqvk gSA The sky is over cast.
23) Sigh of relief pSu dh lk¡l ysuk
eSaus pSu dh lk¡l yhA I sighed of relief.
rqe vc pSu dh lk¡l ys ldrs gksA Now you can sigh of relief.
24) Fond of ‚kkSdhu
eSa dkjksa dk ‚kkSdhu gw¡A I am fond of cars.
25) Unnecessarily csotg] Qkyrw esa
rqe Qkyrw esa ;gk¡ cSBs gksA You are unnecessarily sitting here.
26) Knowingly tku cw>dj
mlus tkucw>dj esjk fny nq[kk;kA He hurt me knowingly.
27) Unknowingly vutkus esa
mlus vutkus esa eq>s nq[k igq¡pk;kA He hurt me unknowingly.
28) Remind ;kn fnykuk
rqe eq>s jke dh ;kn fnykrs gksA You remind me of Ram.
rqEgkjk psgjk eq>s fdlh dh ;kn fnykrk gSA Your face reminds me of someone.
29) Negligence ykijokgh
rqEgsa ykijokgh dh ltk feysxhA You will be punished for negligence.
30) Altogether iwjh rjg ls
ge iwjh rjg ls vyx gSaA We are different altogether.
31) Put out cq>kuk
vkx cq>k nksA Put out the fire.
32) Get in / on fdlh okgu esa p<+uk
eSa cl esa p<+kA I got in/on the bus.
33) Get off fdlh okgu ls mrjuk
eSa cl ls mrjkA I got off the bus.
34) Stand by lkFk nsuk
eSa ges‛kk rqEgkjk lkFk nsrk gw¡A I always stand by you.
35) Bring up ikyuk] ikyu iks"k k djuk
esjs ekek us rqEgsa ikykA My maternal uncle brought you up.
eSa fnYyh esa iyk c<+kA I was brought up in Delhi.
36) Materialize lp dj nsuk] lkdkj dj nsuk
mlus lkspk vkSj lp dj fn;kA He thought and materialized.
lius lkdkj dj nw¡xk eSaA I will materialize the dreams.
37) Pass away eqR;qZ gks tkuk] xqt+j tkuk
mlds ikik fiNys lky xqt+jsA His father passed away last year.
38) Chill out ets djuk] VSa‛ku u ysuk
vktdy eSa dksbZ VSa‛ku ugha ys jgk gw¡A I am chilling out these days.
39) Ascribe Js; nsuk
eSa viuh lQyrk dk Js; esjs viuksa dks nsrk gw¡A I ascribe my success to my real ones.
40) Go on pyuk
vktdy D;k py jgk gS \ What is going on these days?
41
41) Ooze fdlh nzo ;k fyfDoM dk fudyuk
?kko ls [kwu fudy jgk gSA Blood is oozing from the wound.
42) Lisp rqrykuk
NksVs cPps rqrykrs gaSA Small kids lisp.
43) Stammer gdykuk
oks gdyk jgk FkkA He was stammering.
44) Whisper QqlQqlkuk
rqe mlds dku esa D;k QqlQqlk jgs gks \ What are you whispering in his ear?
45) Totter yM+[kM+kuk
Hkkjr ikfdLrku ds fo#) yM+[kM+k jgk gSA India is tottering against Pakistan.
46) Fumble VVksyuk
eSa vyekjh esa dqN VVksy jgk gw¡A I am fumbling something in Almirah.
47) Peel off fNydk mrkjuk] fNyuk
lhrk vkyw Nhy jgh gSA Seeta is peeling off the potatoes.
48) Like anything cqjh rjg
oks cqjh rjg esgur dj jgk gSA He is working hard like anything.
oks cgqr tcjnLr rjhds ls yM+kA He fought like anything.
49) At least de ls de
de ls de ,d ckj rks vkvksA Come at least once.
50) Etcetera (Full form of etc.) vkfn] bR;kfn
esjs ikl dbZ pht+sa gaS tSls iSu] fdrkc bR;kfnA I have many things such as pen, book etc.
Exercise-IV
1. Hair gsvj cky 23. Throat FkzksV xyk

2. Head gSM flj 24. Shoulders 'kksYMj~l da/ks
3. Forehead QksjgSM ekFkk 25. Collar dkWyj xnZu vkSj da/ks ds chp
4. Skull Ldy [kksiM+h dk fgLlk
5. Eyebrow vkbczks HkkSgsa 26. Arms vkEl Hkqtk] ckgq
6. Eyelid vkbfyM iyd 27. Hand gSUM gkFk (dykbZ ls uk[kqu rd
7. Eyelash vkbyS‛k iyd dk cky dk fgLlk)
8. Eyeball vkbckWy vk¡[k dh iqryh 28. Elbow ,sYcks dksguh
9. Eyes vkbt+ vk¡[ksa 29. Wrist fjLV dykbZ
10. Ear bvj dku 30. Palm ike gFksyh
11. Nose ukst+ ukd 31. Fist fQLV eqV~Bh
12. Mouth ekmFk eq¡g 32. Finger fQUxj m¡xyh
13. Tooth VqFk nk¡r 33. Thumb FkEc v¡xwBk (gkFk dk)
14. Face Qsl psgjk 34. Nail usy uk[kqu
15. Tongue Vax thHk 35. Chest pSLV Nkrh (iq#"k dh)
16. Lips fyIl gksaB 36. Breast czSLV Nkrh (efgyk dh)
17. Cheek phd xky 37. Stomach LVed isV
18. Jaw tkW tcM+k 38. Belly CkSyh rksan
19. Chin fpu Bks<+h ;k BqM~Mh 39. Abdomen ,scMkseu mnj
20. Mustache eq‛VSp ew¡N 40. Waist osLV dej
21. Beard fc;MZ nk<+h 41. Leg ysx iSj
22. Neck uSd xnZu 42. Thigh Fkkb tk¡?k
42
43. Knee uh ?kqVuk 47. Bone cksu gM~Mh
44. Calf dkQ+ ?kqVus o ryos ds chp dk fgLlk 48. Skeleton LdSySVu dadky
45. Feet QhV ryok 49. Lungs yaXl QsQM+s
46. Toe Vks iSj dk v¡xwBk 50. Lever fyoj xqnkZ
Exercise – V
1) Materialize ¼eVhfjvykbt+½ lp@lkdkj dj nsuk 38) Groom ¼xzwe½ nwYgk

2) Allure ¼,sY;kSj½ ykyp nsuk] yqHkkuk 39) Bride ¼czkbM½ nqYgu
3) Momentous ¼ekWeSUVl½ egRoiw kZ] cgqr t+#jh 40) Worship¼ojf‛ki½ iwtk djuk
4) Exonerate ¼bXt+kujsV½ funzks"k djkj dj nsuk 41) Pliers ¼Iyk;lZ½ Iykl
5) Sneeze ¼Luht+½ Nhaduk 42) Corrupt¼djIV½ Hkz"V] csbZeku
6) Testy ¼VSLVh½ fpM+fpM+k] xqLlSy 43) Spendthrift¼LiSUMfFkz¶V½ [kphZyk O;fDr
7) Aspect ¼vkliSDV½ igyw 44) Genuine¼tSuqvu½ vlyh
8) Futile ¼¶;wVkby½ Qkyrw] fujFkZd 45) Ridiculous¼fjMhfdyl½ cdokl] csdkj
9) Confluence ¼dkWU¶yqvUl½ laxe tSls ufn;ksa dk 46) International¼bUVjuS‛kuy½ vUrZjk"Vªh;
10) Conquer ¼dUDoSj½ thruk] dCt+k djuk 47) Zoo¼t+w½ fpfM+;k?kj
11) Consequence¼dkWfUlDosUl½ ifj kke 48) Extraordinary¼,DlVªkWMujh½ vlk/kkj k
12) Conservative¼dUTk+josfVo½ #f<+oknh] tks 49) Unbelievable¼vufcyhoscy½ vfo‛oluh;
iqjkus [;kykrksa esa thrk gks 50) Engineer ¼baftfu;j½ baftfu;j
13) Conservatory¼dUt+josVjh½ ,d ,slh txg 51) Entertaining¼,UVjVsfuax½ euksjatd
tgk¡ ukt+qd isM+ ikS/kksa dks mxk;k tkrk gS 52) Astrology ¼,LVªkWyth½ T;ksfr"k foKku
14) Absolutism¼,scLY;wfVt+e½ fujadq‛krk ;kfu 53) Australia¼vkWLVªsfy;k½ ,d ns‛k dk uke
tgk¡ fdlh vkSj dh ckr u lquh tk;s
54) Belgium¼cSfYt;e½ ,d ns‛k dk uke
15) Waist ¼osLV½ dej
55) Shoot ¼‛kwV½ xksyh ekjuk] ‚kwfVax djuk
16) West ¼oSLV½ if‛pe fn‛kk
56) Russia ¼jf‛k;k½ ,d ns‛k dk uke
17) Affluence ¼v¶yw,Ul½ vehjh
57) Rural ¼#jy½ xzkeh k
18) Protest ¼izksVsLV½ fonzksg
58) Algorithm ¼,y s xkWfjne½ eSFkseSfVDl dk VkWfid
19) Ailment ¼,yesUV½ chekjh
59) Necessarily ¼uSlslSfjyh½ t+#jh gS] vfuok;Zr%
20) Imitate ¼bfeVsV½ udy djuk
60) Unnecessarily¼vuuSlslSfjyh½ t+#jh ugha gS
21) Debris ¼MScfjl½ dpjk] eyck
61) Perfect ¼ijQSDV½ ,dne lgh
22) Mist ¼feLV½ dksgjk
62) Present ¼izStS+aV½ mifLFkr gksuk] fx¶V
23) Fog ¼QkWx½ dksgjk] /kq¡?k
63) Enhance ¼,usgkUl½ c<+kuk] T+;knk dj nsuk
24) Hail ¼gsy½ vksys] vksys iM+uk
64) Window ¼foUMks½ f[kM+dh
25) Brutal ¼czqVy½ fuZn;h] Øwj
65) Fantastic¼QSUVSfLVd½ cgqr gh cf<+;k
26) Masticate ¼eSLVhdsV½ pckuk] dwVuk] ihluk
66) Zebra ¼tS+czk½ tkuoj dk uke
27) Credulous ¼ØSMqyl½ Hkksyk Hkkyk
67) Z ¼tS+M½ vaxzt s +h dk v{kj
28) Accomplish ¼vdfEIy‛k½ iwjk@lQy dj nsuk
68) Shy ¼‛kk;½ ‚kehZyk] ‚kekZuk
29) Rapture ¼jSIpj½ [kq‛kh
69) Shameless¼‛kseySl½ cs‛keZ
30) Though ¼nks½ ;|fi] gkyk¡fd
70) Exile ¼,sXt+kby½ cuokl
31) Extensive ¼,sDlVSfUlo½ foLr`r] O;kid
71) Standard¼LVSUMMZ½ Lrj] #rck
32) Retaliate ¼fjVSfy,V½ djkjk tokc nsuk
72) Shelter ¼‛kSYVj½ ‚kj k] iukg
33) Thoroughfare¼FkjQs;j½ vke jkLrk
73) Zodiac Sign¼tkSfM;sd lkbu½ jkf‛k dk uke
34) Tribute ¼fVªC;wV½ J)k¡tfy
74) Pisces ¼ikbflt+½ ehu jkf‛k
35) Admire ¼,Mek;j½ iz‛kalk djuk
75) Abortion ¼vckW‛kZu½ xHkZikr
36) Proximity ¼izkSfDlfeVh½ fudVrk
76) Foeticide¼QhVlkbM½ Hkzw kgR;k
37) Destroy¼fMLVªkW;½ cckZn dj nsuk
43
77) Example¼bXt+SEiy½ mnkgj k 89) Poverty ¼ikWoVhZ½ xjhch
78) Exams ¼bXt+SEl½ ijh{kk 90) Evil ¼bfoy½ cqjkbZ
79) Poison ¼ikWbt+u½ t+gj 91) Permission¼ifeZ‛ku½ vkKk
80) Discriminate¼fMfLØfeusV½ i{kikr djuk 92) Ingredient¼buxzhfM,UV½ iz;ksx dh lkexzh
81) Infanticide ¼buQSfUVlkbM½ f‛k‛kq gR;k 93) Harass ¼gjkl½ rax djuk] lrkuk
82) Mortality¼ekWVSZfyVh½ e`R;qnj 94) Television¼VSyhfo‛k+u½ Vhoh
83) Abnormality¼,cukeSZfyVh½ vViVk O;ogkj gksuk 95) Melt ¼eSYV½ xyuk
84) Generations¼tujs‛kUl½ ihf<+;k¡ 96) Prefer ¼izSQj½ roTtks nsuk
85) Suggestion¼ltS‛pu½ lq>ko 97) Priority ¼izk;kSfjVh½ roTtks nsuk
86) Question¼DoS‛pu½ iz‛u 98) Politics¼ikWfyfVDl½ jktuhfr
87) Literacy¼fyVªSlh½ lk{kjrk 99) Gasp ¼xSLi½ gk¡Quk
88) Majority¼eStkWjsVh½ cgqer 100) Facial ¼Qsf‛k;y½ psgjs dh ekfy‛k
1. Dream big and dare to fail.

cM+k liuk ns[kks vkSj gkj lgus dh fgEer j[kksA
2. The only way to do great work is to love what you do. (Steve Jobs)
egku dk;Z djus dk flQZ ,d gh rjhdk gS] vki tks Hkh djks mls fny ls djksA ¼LVho tkWCl½
3. People will forget what you said, people will forget what you did, but people will never
forget how you made them feel.
yksx Hkwy tk;saxs vkius D;k dgk] yksx Hkwy tk;saxs vkius D;k fd;k] ij yksx dHkh ugha Hkwysaxs fd vkius mUgsa dSlk
eglwl djok;kA
4. I am not a product of my circumstances. I am a product of my decisions.

eSa gkykrksa ls fufeZr izk kh ugha] esjk fuekZ k esjs QSlyksa ls gqvk gSA
5. What's the point of being alive if you don't try to do something remarkable.
thfor jgus ds D;k ek;us vxj vki dqN vlk/kkj k djus dk iz;Ru u djsaA
6. There are two types of people who will tell you that you cannot make a difference in this
world: those who are afraid to try and those who are afraid you will succeed.
nks rjg ds yksx vkidks ;s dgsaxs fd vki bl nqfu;k esa dqN vyx ugha dj ldrs & ,d oks tks [kqn iz;kl djus ls
Mjrs gSa vkSj nwljs oks ftUgsa vkids lQy gksus dk Mj gSA
7. Don't wish it were easier, wish you were better.

;s er pkgks fd dke vklku gks] cfYd ;s pkgks fd vki csgrj gksaA
8. When everything seems to be going against you, remember that the airplane takes off
against the wind, not with it. (Henry Ford)
tc lc dqN vkids f[kykQ gks jgk gks] rks ;s ckr ;kn djuk fd gokbZtgkt Hkh gok ds fo#) gh mM+ku Hkjrk gS]
mlds lkFk ughaA ¼gSujh QksMZ½
9. Give me six hours to chop down a tree and I will spend the first four sharpening the axe.
(Abraham Lincoln)
vki eq÷ks ,d isM+ dkVus ds fy, 6 ?kaVs nsaxs rks eSa igys 4 ?kaVs dqYgkM+h dh /kkj rst djus esa yxk ¡xkA¼vczkge
fyadu½
10. He that has patience can achieve anything that he wants.
ftlds ikl /kS;Z gS oks tks pkgs ik ldrk gSA
44
Exercise – VI
1. Military ¼fefyVjh½ lsuk 41. Niece¼uhl½ Hkk¡th ;k Hkrhth

2. Opportunity¼vkWijP;wfuVh½ volj] ekSdk 42. Nephew ¼usO;w½ Hkk¡tk ;k Hkrhtk
3. Bicycle ¼ckbfldy½ lkbZfdy 43. Agree¼vxzh½ lger gksuk
4. Tiffin box ¼fVfQu ckWDl½ fVfQu ckWDl 44. Musician¼E;wt+hf‛k;u½ laxhrK
5. Heel¼ghy½ ,M+h 45. Essential¼blSfU‛kvy½ cgqr t+#jh
6. Sugar¼‛kqxj½ phuh 46. Spacious¼LiS‛kl½ cM+h txg
7. Water¼okWVj½ ikuh 47. Zoom¼t++we½ vkdkj esa c<+kuk
8. Was¼okWt+½ Fkk] Fks] Fkh 48. Shift¼f‛k¶V½ f[klduk
9. Because¼fcdt+½ D;ksafd 49. Echo¼,sdks½ vkokt+ xw¡tuk
10. Gorgeous¼xkWjtl½ cgqr lqUnj 50. University¼;wfuoflZVh½ fo‛ofo|ky;
11. Government¼xoesaV½ ljdkj 51. Noise¼ukWbt+½ gYyk] ‚kksj
12. Pressure¼izS‛kj½ ncko 52. Altogether¼vkWyVqxSnj½ iwjh rjg ls
13. Wednesday¼osUt+Ms½ cq/kokj 53. Yamaha ¼;ekgk½ ,d dEiuh
14. Saturday¼lSVjMs½ ‚kfuokj 54. Honda¼gksUMk½ ,d dEiuh
15. April¼,fizy½ vizSy dk eghuk 55. And¼,sUM½ vkSj
16. May¼es½ ebZ dk eghuk 56. End¼,UM½ vUr] vkf[kj
17. August ¼vkWxLV½ vxLr dk eghuk 57. Sit¼flV½ cSBuk
18. November¼uoSEcj½ uoEcj dk eghuk 58. Stand¼LVSUM½ [kM+k gksuk
19. December¼fMlSEcj½ fnlEcj dk eghuk 59. Communication¼dE;wfuds‛ku½ lapkj k
20. January ¼tSU;qjh½ tuojh dk eghuk 60. Enjoy ¼,UtkW;½ ets djuk
21. Development¼fMoSyIkeSUV ;k MoyieSUV½fodkl 61. Neither ¼uhnj ;k ukbnj½ ugha
22. Phenomenal¼fQukWfeuy½ tcjnLr 62. Also ¼vkWYlks½ Hkh
23. Secondary¼lSdUsMjh½ nwljk 63. Although¼vkWYnks½ ;|fi] gkyk¡fd
24. Guardian ¼xkjfM;u½ laj{kd] vfHkHkkod 64. However¼gkoSoj½ fQj Hkh] tcfd
25. Question¼DoS‛pu½ iz‛u 65. Idle¼vkbMy½ [kkyh gksuk
26. Suggestion¼lts‛pu½ lq>ko 66. Ideal¼vkbfM;y½ vkn‛kZ
27. Aries¼,vjht+½ es"k jkf‛k 67. Idol¼vkbMy½ ewfRkZ
28. Technology¼VSDukWyth½ rduhd 68. Pour¼iksj½ mM+syuk
29. Soil¼lkWby½ t+ehu] feV~Vh 69. Feverish ¼Qhofj‛k½ cq[kkj tSlk
30. Spoil¼LikWby½ cckZn@[kjkc dj nsuk 70. Rumour ¼j~;wej½ vQokg
31. Thoroughfare¼FkjQs;j½ vke jkLrk 71. Quarrel ¼D+okjy½ >xM+k
32. Though ¼nks½ ;|fi] gkyk¡fd 72. Headache¼gSMsd½ fljnnZ
33. Mountain ¼ekmuVsu½ ioZr 73. Holiday ¼gkWfyMs½ NqV~Vh
34. Telecommunication¼VSyhdE;wfuds‛ku½ nwjlapkj 74. Vegetable¼oSftVscy½ lCt+h
35. Data¼MsVk½ vk¡dM+s 75. Afar¼vQkj½ cgqr nwj
36. Grammar ¼xzSej½ O;kdj k 76. Aloof¼vywQ½ vdsyk o pqi&pqi
37. Typhoid ¼VkbQkbM½ ,d chekjh 77. Forty¼QkWVhZ½ 40
38. Penniless¼iSfuYkSl½ daxky] iSls u gksuk 78. Fourteen¼QksVhZu½ 14
39. Perhaps ¼ijgSIl½ ‚kk;n 79. Exaggerate¼bXt+StjsV½ c<+k p<+kdj dguk
40. Determine¼fMVjfeu½ fu/kkZfjr djuk 80. Almirah ¼,yfejk½ vyekjh
45
Exercise – VII
1. Sell ¼lSy½ cspuk (Verb) 46. Wind ¼foUM½ gok
2. Sale ¼lsy½ fcØh (Noun) 47. Able ¼,cy½ ;ksX; gksuk
3. Shall ¼‛kSy½ ,d lgk;d fØ;k 48. Society ¼lqlkbVh½ lekt
4. Again ¼vxSu½ nksckjk 49. Didn‟ t ¼fMUV ;k fMMUV½ lgk;d fØ;k
5. Bother ¼ckWnj½ ijs‛kku djuk 50. Formality¼QkWjeSfyVh½ vkSipkfjdrk
6. Ooze ¼ t+½ fdlh nzo dk fudyuk 51. Conversation¼dkWUojls‛ku½ okrkZyki
7. Leisure time¼yS‛k+j VkbZe½ [kkyh le; 52. Usage ¼;wlst½ mi;ksx
8. Negligence ¼uSXyhtSUl½ ykijokgh 53. Ancient ¼,uf‛k,UV½ izkphu] iqjkuk
9. Dowry ¼Mkmjh½ ngst+ 54. Island ¼vk;ySUM½ ,d }hi
10. Proposal ¼Ikzikst+y½ izLrko 55. Only ¼vksUyh½ dsoy
11. Would ¼oqM½ ,d lgk;d fØ;k gS 56. Hospitality¼gkWfLiVSfyVh½ esgeku uokth
12. Guardian ¼xkjfM;u½ vfHkHkkod 57. Vehicle ¼Okfgdy½ okgu] xkM+h
13. Pity ¼fiVh½ n;k 58. Enough ¼,uQ ;k buQ½ dkQh
14. Skill ¼fLdYk½ gquj] dkfcfy;r 59. Alarm ¼vykeZ½ ?kaVh
15. Least ¼yhLV½ lcls de 60. Sheep ¼‛khi½ HksM+
16. Seek ¼lhd½ <w¡<uk] dksf‛k‛k djuk 61. Ship ¼f‛ki½ tgkt
17. Cooperate¼dqvkWijsV½ lg;ksx djuk 62. Project ¼izkStSDV½ izkStSDV
18. Obey ¼vkscs½ ikyu djuk 63. Seven ¼lSou½ lkr
19. Correspondence¼dkWjLikWUMSUl½i«kkpkj 64. Millionaire¼feyusvj½ y[kifr
20. Memory ¼eSejh½ ;kn] Le`fr 65. Billionaire ¼fcyusvj½ djksM+ifr
21. Quotient ¼dks‛ksUV½ HkkxQy 66. Towel ¼VkWoy½ rkSfy;k
22. Certain ¼ljVsu½ fuf‛pr 67. Bottle ¼ckWVy½ cksry
23. Recognize ¼jSdXukbt+½ igpkuuk 68. Deposit ¼fMikWft+V½ tek djuk
24. America ¼veSfjdk½ ,d ns‛k dk uke 69. Agree ¼vxzh½ lger gksuk
25. Portugal ¼ikSpZqxy½ ,d ns‛k dk uke 70. Restaurant¼jSLVªkaa ½ jsLVªka
26. Kerala ¼dSjyk½ ,d jkT; dk uke 71. Square ¼LD+oS;j½ oxkZdkj
27. Foreign ¼QkWjSu½ fons‛k
72. Voice ¼okWbl½ vkokt+ ¼ltho dh½
28. Executive ¼bDtS+D;fVo½ izfrfuf/k] dk;Zdkjh
73. Sound ¼lkmUM½ vkokt+ ¼futhZo dh½
29. Employee ¼beIykWb½ deZpkjh
74. Oral ¼vksjy½ tqckuh ckr
30. Vision ¼fo‛k+u½ lksp] n`f"Vdks k
75. Confirmation¼dkWUQesZ‛ku½ iqf"V djuk
31. Favourite ¼QsojsV½ lcls T+;knk ilUn
32. Machine ¼e‛khu½ e‛khu 76. Permanent¼ijekuSUV½ LFkk;h
33. Deodorant ¼fM;ksMªssUV½ ij¶;we 77. Rapport ¼jSiks½ viuh izfr"Bk
34. Success ¼lDlSl½ lQyrk 78. Driven ¼fMªou½ 3 form of Drive
rd
79. Psychology¼lkbdkWyth½ ekuo eu dk foKku

35. General ¼tSujy½ lk/kkj k
36. Possessive ¼it+sflo½ vf/kdkj le>uk 80. Astrology ¼,LVªkWyth½ T;ksfr"k ‚kkL«k
37. Departure ¼fMikpZj½ fdlh txg ls fudyuk 81. Biology ¼ckbvkWyth½ tho foKku
38. Bear ¼csvj½ fc;j tks ih tkrh gS 82. Social ¼lks‛ky½ lkekftd
39. Bear ¼csvj½ Hkkyw 83. Wallet ¼okWysV½ cVqvk (of male)
40. Bear ¼fcvj½ lguk 84. Purse ¼ilZ½ cVqvk (of female)
41. Hour ¼vkoj ;k vkj½ ?kaVk 85. Another ¼vunj½ nwljk
42. Our ¼voj ;k vkj½ gekjk 86. Bad ¼cSM½ cqjk
43. Flour ¼¶ykWj½ vkVk 87. Bed ¼C;M½ fcLrj
44. Floor ¼¶yksj½ eafty] Q‛kZ 88. Annual ¼,suqvy½ lkykuk
45. The ¼n ;k nh½ ,d vkfVZdy gSA 89. Yours ¼;kslZ½ rqEgkjk
46
90. Escape ¼bLdsi½ cp fudyuk] Hkkx tkuk 96. Police ¼iqyhl½ iqfyl
91. Liquor ¼fydj½ ‚kjkc 97. Whistle ¼foly½ lhVh ctkuk
92. Fidelity ¼fQMSfyVh½oQknkjh 98. Wholesome¼gksyle½ ykHknk;d
93. Use ¼;wt+½ iz;ksx djuk 99. Own ¼vksu½ viuk
94. Direction ¼fMjSD‛ku ;k Mk;jsD‛ku½ fn‛kk 100. Financial ¼QkbuSfU‛k;y½ foŸkh;
95. Broom ¼czwe½ >kM+w
Exercise – VIII
1. Tourism ¼VwfjTk+e½ i;ZVu 36. Women ¼fofeu½ ,d ls T+;knk vkSjrsa

2. Wash ¼okW‛k½ /kksuk 37. Man ¼eSu½ ,d vkneh
3. Breakfast ¼czSdQLV½ lqcg dk Hkkstu 38. Men ¼E;u½ ,d ls T+;knk vkneh
4. Feast ¼QhLV½ mRlo] nkor 39. Equal ¼bZDoy½ cjkcj] ,d tSlk
5. Shower ¼‛kkoj½ ckSNkj] Qqgkjk 40. Skull ¼Ldy½ [kksiM+h
6. Vein ¼osu½ ‚kjhj dh ul] jx 41. Violence ¼okW;ySUl½ fgalk
7. All ¼vkWy½ lc 42. War ¼okWj½ yM+kbZ] ;q)
8. Onion ¼vfu;u½ I;kt+ 43. Altogether¼vkWyVqxSnj½ iwjh rjg ls
9. Potato ¼iVSVks½ vkyw 44. Colleague¼dyhx½ lkFkh
10. Tomato ¼VeSVks½ VekVj 45. Tiny ¼Vk;uh½ cgqr NksVk
11. Rainbow ¼jsucks½ bUnz/kuq"k 46. Chew ¼P;w½ pckuk
12. Relative ¼jSySfVo½ lxs laca/kh 47. Tap ¼VSi½ uy
13. Year ¼;h;j½ lky] o"kZ 48. Said ¼lsM½ dgk
14. Ear ¼bvj½ dku 49. Shade ¼‛ksM½ Nk;k
15. Air ¼,;j½ gok 50. Sad ¼lSM½ nq[kh
16. Ocean ¼vksf‛ku½ egklkxj 51. Spread ¼LizSM½ QSykuk
17. Sure ¼‛;kSj½ iDdk 52. Honesty ¼vkWuSLVh½ bZekunkjh
18. Continuous¼dkWufVuqvl½ yxkrkj 53. Hesitate ¼gSt+hVsV½ fgpfdpkuk
19. Everybody¼,sojhcMh½ gj dksbZ 54. Leave ¼yho½ NksM+uk
20. Begin ¼fcfxu½ ‚kq# djuk 55. Die ¼Mk;½ ejuk
21. Began ¼fcxSu½ fcfxu dh nwljh QkWeZ 56. Dye ¼Mkb½ flj ij yxkus okyk jax
22. Hide ¼gkbM½ fNiuk 57. Live ¼ykbo½ tks bl oDr gks jgk gks
23. Later ¼ysVj½ ckn esa 58. Live ¼fyo½ jguk
24. Letter ¼ySVj½ i«k 59. Namesake¼uselsd½,d tSlk uke okyk
25. Won ¼ou½ thrk 60. Handshake¼gSUM‛ksd½ gkFk feykuk
26. Want ¼okWUV½ pkguk 61. Appetite ¼,siSVkbV½ Hkw[k] vfHkyk"kk] bPNk
27. Adjacent¼,stlSUV½ cxy esa 62. Realize ¼fjvykbt+½ eglwl djuk
28. Alternative¼vkWYVjusfVo½ fodYi] nwljk rjhdk 63. Scissors ¼lht+lZ½ dSaph
29. Percent ¼ijlSUV½ izfr‛kr 64. Talkative¼VkWdSfVo½ ckrwuh tks cgqr ckr djs
30. Associate¼vlksf‛k,V½ lg;ksxh] lk>snkj 65. During ¼M~;wfjax½ nkSjku
31. Career ¼dfj;j½ is‛kk] Hkfo"; 66. Yet ¼;V½ vHkh rd] fQj Hkh
32. Towards ¼VqoMZl½ dh rjQ 67. Huge ¼g~;wt½ cgqr cM+k] fo‛kkydk;
33. Palm ¼ike½ gFksyh 68. Binoculars¼ckbukWdqylZ½ nwjchu
34. Calf ¼dkQ½ xk; dk cPpk 69. Premises¼izSeSflt+½ ifjlj] nk;jk
35. Woman ¼oqeu½ ,d vkSjr 70. Hurt ¼gVZ½ nq[k igq¡pkuk] pksV igq¡pkuk
47
71. Heart ¼gkVZ½ fny 86. Ointment¼vkWbUVeSUV½ ?kko dk ejge
72. Breed ¼czhM½ tUe nsuk 87. Auspicious¼vkWfLi‛kl½ ‚kqHk
73. Bread ¼cSzM½ cSzM tks ge [kkrs gSa 88. Enigma ¼bfuXek½ igsyh
74. Chapati ¼pikrh½ jksVh 89. Footfall ¼QqVQkWy½ dneksa dh vkokt+
75. Sweat ¼LoSV½ ilhuk vkuk 90. Bulge ¼cYt½ mHkjk gqvk
76. Sweet ¼LohV½ ehBk 91. Fatal ¼QsVy½ ?kkrd
77. Sweets ¼LohV~l½ feBkbZ 92. Consent ¼dUlSUV½ lgefr
78. Always ¼vkWYkost+½ ges‛kk 93. Stampede¼LVSEihM½ HkxnM+
79. Puppet ¼iiSV½ dBiqryh 94. Indebted¼bUMSfVM½ dtZnkj] _ kh
80. Shiver ¼f‛koj½ dk¡iuk 95. Smile ¼Lekby½ eqLdqjkuk
81. Suppose ¼likst+½ ekuk] eku yksA 96. Music ¼E;wft+d½ laxhr
82. Almost ¼vkWYeksLV½ yxHkx 97. School ¼Ldwy½ fo|ky;
83. Familiar ¼QSehfyvj½ igys ls gh tkudkjh gksuk 98. Saline ¼lykbu½ [kkjk
84. Occupy ¼vkWD;wik;½ ?ksjuk] vf/kdkj esa ys ysuk 99. Recipe ¼jSflih½ [kkus dk uqL[kk
85. Endeavor¼bfUM,oj½ iz;kl ;k iz;Ru djuk 100. Volkswagen¼QksDlosxu½ dkj dh dEiuh
Exercise – IX
1. Acrid¼,sfØM½ [kkus esa dM+ok ;k LoHkko esa dM+ok 27. Avid ¼avfoM½ ykyp djuk
2. Betray¼fcVªs½ fo‛okl?kkr djuk ;k /kks[kk nsuk 28. Deplete ¼fMIyhV½ [kkyh@de dj nsuk
3. Turmeric ¼VeZfjd½ gYnh 29. Forbid ¼QkWjfcM½ euk@fu"ks/k djuk
4. Prosperity ¼izkSLiSjVh½ vehjh 30. Anguish ¼,afXo‛k½ cgqr nq[k] osnuk
5. Disparity ¼fMLiSjVh½ i{kikr] vlekurk 31. Reign ¼jsu½ ‚kklu djuk
6. Obstinate ¼vkWfCLVusV½ vfM+;y ] ft+n~nh 32. Garnish ¼xkjfu‛k½ ltkuk
7. Keen ¼dhu½ mRlqd 33. Constitution¼dk¡fLVV~;w‛ku½lafo/kku
8. Coriander ¼dkWfj,sUMj½ /kfu;k 34. Deduce ¼fMM~;wl½ fu"d"kZ fudkyuk
9. Arrogant ¼,sjxsUV½ ?kaeaMh 35. Deluge ¼fMY;wt½ ck<+
10. Dazzling ¼MSt+fyax½ pdkpkSa/k dj nsuk 36. Cabbage ¼dScSt½ iRrkxksHkh
11. Dormitory¼MkWehZVfj½ fuokl LFkku] ‚k;ud{k 37. Vague ¼osx½ /kq¡/kyk
12. Dupe ¼M~;wi½ /kks[kk nsuk 38. Prohibit ¼izksfgfcV½ euk@fu"ks/k djuk
13. Arid ¼vkfjM½ catj] lw[kk] uhjl 39. Flaw ¼¶ykW½ deh
14. Delude ¼fMY;wM½ /kks[kk nsuk 40. Fictitious¼fQfDV‛kl½ dkYifud
15. Guava ¼Xokok½ ve#n 41. Ginger ¼ftatj½ vnjd
16. Embellish ¼becSfy‛k½ ltkuk] laokjuk 42. Garlic ¼xkfyZd½ yglqu
17. Virulent ¼fo:ySUV½ izpUM 43. Agony ¼,sxuh½ cgqr nq[k ;k nnZ
18. Stumble ¼LVecy½ Bksdj yxuk] gdykuk 44. Theology¼fFk;kWyth½ /kkfeZd Kku
19. Stammer ¼LVSej½ gdykuk 45. Provoke ¼izksoksd½ mdlkuk] HkM+dkuk
20. Consequence¼dkWfUlDoSUl½ ifj kke 46. Civilized ¼flfoykbT+M½ lH;
21. Abduct ¼,cMDV½ vigj k djuk 47. Bliss ¼fCyl½ cgqr T+;knk [kq‛kh
22. Dorm ¼MkWeZ½ fuokl LFkku] ‚k;ud{k 48. Fascinate¼QSfLkusV½ cgqr [kq‛k dj nsuk
23. Carrot ¼dSjV½ xkt+j 49. Abrupt ¼,sCjIV½ vpkud] vdLekr
24. Radish ¼jSfM‛k½ ewyh 50. Splendid ¼LIySfUMM½ ‚kkunkj
25. Exhilarating¼,sfDt+yjsfVax½ [kq‛k djuk 51. Riot ¼jk;V½ naxs
26. Bizarre ¼fct+kj½ vuks[kk] cgqr gh cf<+;k 52. Flood ¼¶+YM½ ck<+
48
53. Epigram ¼bfixze½ pqVdqyk 72. Phobia ¼Qksfc;k½ Mj
54. Authentic ¼vkWFkSfUVd½ vlyh] fo‛oluh; 73. Scrutinize ¼LØwfVukbt+½ tk¡puk ij[kuk
55. Apparent ¼,sijSUV½ tkfgj lh ckr] Li"Vr;k 74. Refrain ¼fjÝsu½ ijgst+ djuk
56. Barren ¼cSju½ catj 75. Ravishing¼jSfof‛kax½ csgrjhu
57. Captive ¼dSifVo½ canh 76. Oath ¼vksFk½ ‚kiFk ysuk
58. Stubborn ¼LVcuZ½ ft+n~nh 77. Convivial ¼dUohfo;y½ feyulkj
59. Petrified ¼iSV~fjQkbM½ Mjk gqvk 78. Dilemma ¼Mk;yek½ nqfo/kk] vleatl
60. Cordial ¼dkWfMZ;y½ gkfnZd] Lusgiw kZ 79. Haughty ¼gkWVh½ ?keaMh
61. Unique ¼;wuhd+½ vuks[kk] tcjnLr 80. Glitter ¼fXyVj½ pedus okyh pht+
62. Massacre ¼eSlSdj½ gR;kdk M] [kwu[kjkck 81. Obsolete ¼vkWClksyhV½ iz;ksx esa ugha
63. Outstanding¼vkmVLVSfUMax½ tcjnLr 82. Delusion ¼fMY;w‛k+u½ Hkze
64. Pinnacle ¼fiudy½ f‛k[kj] pksVh] ‚kh"kZ 83. Discord ¼fMLdkWMZ½ >xM+k] eueqVko
65. Conceited ¼dUlhfVM½ ?keaM 84. Debase ¼Mhcsl½ vieku djuk
66. Jovial ¼tksfo;y½ cgqr [kq‛k 85. Omnipotent¼vkseuhiksVsUV½ loZ‛kfDreku
67. Antique ¼,sUVhd½ izkphu] iqjkus le; dk 86. Intercept ¼bUVjlSIV½ chp esa dkVuk
68. Bitter ¼fcVj½ dM+ok 87. Terrified ¼VSfjQkbM½ Mjk gqvk
69. Infertile ¼bUQVkZby½ catj] lw[kk 88. Curious ¼D;wfj;l½ mRlqd] ftKklw
70. Diversity ¼Mk;ofLkZVh½ fofo/krk] dbZ pht+ksa@/keksaZ 89. Eclipse ¼bfDyIl½ xzg k tSls lw;Z xzg k
dk ,d lkFk gksuk 90. Adobe ¼vMksc½ dPpk edku
71. Hostage ¼gkWLVSt½ ca/kd] canh
1. Opportunities are not always given, but created.

volj ges‛kk feyrs ugha cfYd cuk;s tkrs gSaA
2. Winning isn‟ t everything, but strong desire to win is.

thruk ugha cfYd thrus dh izcy bPNk djuk lcdqN gSA
3. Certain things catch your eyes, but you pursue only those that touch the heart.
dqN pht+sa vkidh ut+jksa dks Hkkrh gSa ysfdu vki ihNk mUgha pht+ksa dk djrs gks tks vkids fny dks Nw ysA
4. Either write something worth reading or do something worth writing. (Benjamin

Franklin)
;k rks dqN ,slk fy[kks tks i<+us yk;d gks] ;k fQj dqN ,slk djks tks fy[kus yk;d gksA ¼cSatfeu ÝSadfyu½
5. Don't let the fear of losing be greater than the excitement of winning.
gkjus ds Mj dks thrus dh [kq‛kh ls T+;knk er c<+us nksA
6. If you think of something difficult, that means you have not understood it well.
7. Dream big and dare to fail.

cM+k liuk ns[kks vkSj gkj lgus dh fgEer j[kksA
49
Lesson – 5
WH Family (WH ifjokj)
WH Family ds vUrZxr os ‚kCn vkrs gSa ftuesa W vkSj H v{kjksa dk iz;ksx gksrk gS rFkk ftUgsa izk;% iz‛u
iwNus gsrq iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA ;s ‚kCn gSa & What, When, Where, Whose, Who, How,
Whom, Why o Which.
bl pSIVj esa ;s ‚kCn vkSj buds iz;ksx ds lkFk cus vf/kdrj iz;ksx esa vkus okys ‚kCn lewg fn;s x;s gSa ftUgsa
vPNh rjg ;kn dj yhft, rkfd vkus okys ikBksa esa vki budk iz;ksx vklkuh ls le÷k ik;saA
vki bu ‚kCnksa o ‚kCn lewgksa dk mPpkj k vkWfM;ks ySDpj ds ek?;e ls lqfu;sA
,d ckr vkSj] tSlk fd igys mnkgj k esa fn;k x;k gS „What‟ dk vFkZ gS „D;k ‟ ;k „tks ‟] vkids eu esa
,d ckr vk;sxh fd „What‟ dk vFkZ gS „D;k‟ ] ;s ckr rks eq÷ks irk gS] ij „What‟ dk ,d vkSj vFkZ gS
„tks‟ ] ;s ckr dqN le÷k ugha vk;hA rF; ;g gS fd tc „What‟ dk iz;ksx fdlh iz‛uokpd okD; esa fd;k
tkrk gS rks ogk¡ ij „What‟ dk vFkZ gksrk gS „D;k ‟ vkSj tc „What‟ dk iz;ksx „Conjunction‟
dh rjg gksrk gS rks „What‟ dk vFkZ gksrk gS „tks ‟A vc vki lkspsaxs fd „Conjunction‟ D;k gS! tc
vki „Conjunction‟ pSIVj i<+saxs] lc le÷k vk tk;sxkA /kS;Z jf[k;s] fQygky bUgsa vPNh rjg ;kn dj
ysaA
WH Family words are those, which comprise the letters “W” & “H” and used
primarily in Interrogative sentences. These are: What, When, Where, Whose,
Who, How, Whom, Why and Which.
WH family words & related group of words given in this lesson must be learnt by
heart. Listen to its pronunciation too.
In the very first example, you can see two different meanings of „What‟; one is „D;k
‟ and another one is „tks ‟. Fact is, when „What‟ is used in interrogative sentences,
it‟s meaning is „D;k ‟ but when „What‟ is used as a conjunction, it‟s meaning is „tks‟ .
You will be taught about „Conjunctions‟ in detail a bit later.
1. What okWV ¼oV½ D;k] tks

2. Why ok; D;ksa
3. When oSu dc] tc
4. Where os;j dgk¡] tgk¡
5. How gko dSls
6. Who gw dkSu] tks ¼fdlh O;fDr+ ds fy,½
7. Which fop dkSu lk] tks ¼fdlh pht+ ds fy,½
8. Whose gwt+ fdldk] ftldk
9. Whom gwe fdls] fdlls] fdldks
10. How many gko eSuh fdrus (ftUgsa fxuk tk ldrk gS)
11. How much gko ep fdruk (ftUgsa fxuk ugha tk ldrk)
12. Until when vafVy oSu dc rd
50
13. Since when flUl oSu dc ls
14. From when ÝkWe oSu dc ls
15. For how long QkWj gko yk¡x dc ls
16. With whom fon gwe fdlds lkFk
17. For whom QkWj gwe fdlds fy,
18. About whom vckmV gwe fdlds ckjs esa
19. Towards whom VqoMZ~l gwe fdldh rjQ+
20. By whom ck; gwe fdlds }kjk
21. From where ÝkWe os;j dgk¡ ls] tgk¡ ls
22. For what QkWj oV fdlfy,] ftlfy,
23. What for oV QkWj fdlfy, ] ftlfy,
24. How beautiful gko C;wfVQqy fdruh lqUnj
25. How far gko Qkj fdruk nwj
26. How good gko xqM fdruk vPNk
27. How long gko yk¡x fdruk yEck
28. How old gko vksYM fdruk iqjkuk ;k fdruk cM+k ¼mez esa½
29. How soon gko lwu fdruh tYnh
30. In what way bu oV os fdl rjg ls
31. At what way ,V oV os fdl rjg ls
32. What else oV ,sYl vkSj D;k
33. Whatever oVSoj tks dqN Hkh
34. Whatsoever oVlks,soj tks dqN Hkh
35. What then oV nSu rks D;k] rc D;k] fQj D;k
36. What type of oV Vkbi vkWQ fdl rjg dk
37. Whenever oSuSoj tc dHkh
38. When so ever oSuSlks,soj tc dHkh
39. Whence oSUl dgk¡ ls] tgk¡ ls
40. Whereas os;j,st tcfd
41. Where in os;j bu ftlesa
42. Whichever fop,soj tks dqN Hkh
43. Which so ever foplks,soj tks dqN Hkh
44. Which type fop Vkbi fdl rjg dk] fdl izdkj dk
45. Whoever gw,soj tks dqN Hkh
46. Whosoever gwlks,soj tks dqN Hkh
47. Why so ok; lks ,slk D;ksa
48. From which office ÝkWe fop vkWfQl fdl vkWfQl ls
49. From whose office ÝkWe gwt+ vkWfQl fdlds vkWfQl ls
50. With which boy fon fop ckW; fdl yM+ds ds lkFk
51. Towards which city VqoMZ~l fop flVh fdl 'kgj dh rjQ+
52. From which street ÝkWe fop LVªhV fdl xyh ls
53. For which company ÝkWe fop dEiuh fdl dEiuh ds fy,
54. By which gun ck; fop xu fdl cUnwd ls
55. In which glass bu fop Xykl fdl fxykl esa
56. With who people fon gw ihiy fdu yksaxksa ds lkFk
57. For whose son QkWj gwt+ lu fdlds csVs ds fy,
51
58. Which brother of mine fop cznj vkWQ ekbu esjk dkSu lk HkkbZ
59. Which sister of yours fop flLVj vkWQ ;kSlZ rqEgkjh dkSu lh cgu
60. How many brothers gko eSuh cznlZ fdrus HkkbZ
61. How many hairs gko eSuh gsvlZ fdrus cky
62. How many stars gko eSuh LVklZ fdrus rkjs
63. How much money gko ep euh fdruk ikuh
64. How many such people gko eSuh lp ihiy ,sls fdrus yksx
65. How much sugar gko ep ‚kqxj fdruh phuh
66. What kind of people oV dkbZUM vkWQ ihiy fdl rjg ds yksx
67. How come gko de fdl rjg / dSls
68. At what time ,sV oV Vkbe fdl le;
69. What kind of book oV dkbUM vkWQ cqd fdl rjg dh fdrkc
70. Which girl’s brother fop xYlZ cznj fdl yM+dh dk HkkbZ
71. Which school’s student fop LdwYl LVwMSaV fdl Ldwy dk fo/kkFkhZ
72. How many Kilograms of sugar gko eSuh fdyksxSzEl vkWQ ‚kqxj fdrus fdyksxzke phuh
73. How many glasses of milk gko eSuh Xyklst+ vkWQ feYd nw/k ds fdrus fxykl
74. How many brothers of mine gko eSuh cznlZ vkWQ ekbu esjs fdrus HkkbZ
75. How many brothers of yours gko eSuh cznlZ vkWQ ;kSlZ rqEgkjs fdrus HkkbZ

Dear students,
Aditya Sir
52
Lesson – 6
Parts of Speech- “kCn Hksn
fdlh Hkh okD; dks fy[kus o cksyus ds fy, ‚kCnksa ds lewg dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA okD; esa iz;ksx bu lHkh ‚kCnksa dks
dksbZ u dksbZ uke fn;k tkrk gSA tSls & laKk] loZuke] fØ;k vkfnA
‚kCnksa ds lgh iz;ksx dks le÷kus ds fy, gh bUgsa 8 oxksZa esa ck¡Vk x;k gS ftUgsa ‚kCn Hksn dgrs gSaA
Group of words are used together in a specific manner to write or speak a sentence. Every single
word in a sentence is given a name i.e. Noun, Pronoun, Verb etc.
To understand the sequence of words so that the sentence delivers the correct message, these
words are categorized in 8 categories, which are called the “Parts of Speech”.
8 Parts of speech; with their one-liner definitions are:
1. Noun (laKk) fdlh Hkh izk kh] txg ;k oLrq ds uke dks laKk dgrs gSaA
2. Pronoun (loZuke) loZuke dk iz;ksx laKk dh txg ij fd;k tkrk gSA
3. Verb (fØ;k) fØ;k oks gS ftlds ek/;e ls Subject ds dk;Z ;k voLFkk ¼fLFkfr½ dh
tkudkjh feyrh gSA
4. Adjective (fo‛ks’k k) tks fdlh laKk ;k loZuke dh fo‛ks’krk crkrs gSa ;k muds ckjs esa dqN
vfrfjDr lwpuk nsrs gSaA
5. Adverb (fØ;k fo‛ks’k k) tks fdlh fØ;k dh] fdlh fo‛ks’k k dh ;k fdlh nwljs fØ;k fo‛ks’k k dh
fo‛ks’krk crkrs gSa ;k muds ckjs esa dqN vfrfjDr lwpuk nsrs gSaA
6. Preposition (lEcU/k lwpd vOo; ;k iwoZlxZ) Prepositions oks ‚kCn gksrs gSa tks fdlh laKk ;k loZuke vkSj
okD; ds nwljs Hkkx ds chp ds laca/k dks n‛kkZrs gSaA
7. Conjunction (la;kstd) ;g nks ‚kCnksa ;k okD;ksa dks tksM+ nsrs gSaA blls okD; NksVk gks tkrk gS
fcuk vFkZ cnysA
8. Interjection (foLe;kfncks/kd) Hkkoukvksa dh vfHkO;fDr djus okys ‚kCn o ‚kCnksa ds lewgA
vki buds ckjs esa vkus okys ikBksa esa foLrkj ls le÷kus okys gSaA
egRoiw kZ rF; (Important Facts):
1. dgha dgha Articles (A/An vkSj The) dks Hkh vyx ‚kCn Hksn ekuk tkrk gS ysfdu vf/kdka‛kr% ;s Adjective (fo‛ks’k k)
gh dgs tkrs gSa D;ksafd ;s fdlh laKk ds ckjs esa dqN vfrfjDr lwpuk nsrs gSaA
tSls & ,d iSu (A Pen)A ;gk¡ ij “iSu” ,d laKk gS vkSj “A” dk iz;ksx djus ls ;s irk pyrk gS fd iSu
fdrus gSa vFkkZr “A” dk iz;ksx djus ls “iSu” ds ckjs esa vfrfjDr lwpuk feyrh gSA ;g ckr vki rc csgrj le÷k ik;saxs
tc vki vkus okys pSIVjksa esa lHkh ‚kCn Hksnksa dks vPNh rjg le÷k ysaxsA
Generally, Articles are not considered a separate part of speech; rather classified as adjectives because
they modify nouns by mentioning their quantity i.e. as a number (A pen means one pen).
2. tc ge fdlh laKk dh ek«kk ds ckjs esa crk;sa tSls 1 vkneh] 2 iSu] 3 yksx] 50 dcwrj vkfnA rks bl rjg ls laKk dh
ek«kk ds ckjs esa crkus okyh ;s la[;k,¡ Determiners ¼fu/kkZjd½ dgykrh gSaA ;g Determiners ¼fu/kkZjd½ Hkh Adjective
(fo‛ks’k k) gh ekus tkrs gSa D;ksafd buds dkj k fdlh laKk ds ckjs esa vfrfjDr lwpuk feyrh gSA ;g dkWUlsIV Hkh vki vkxs
vkus okys Determiners ¼fu/kkZjd½ pSIVj esa i<+saxsA
Determiners are also classified as adjectives because they modify a noun.
53
Lesson – 7
Noun ¼laKk½
ge cpiu ls ;gh i<+rs gq, vk jgs gSa fd laKk fdlh O;fDr] LFkku ;k oLrq dk uke gksrk gSA ;s ifjHkk"kk xyr
ugha gS ij FkksM+k vf/kd tkuus dh t+:jr gSA vxj ;s ifjHkk’kk lgh eku yh tk,] fQj rks fdlh tkuoj dk
uke tSls fdlh dqRrs dk uke „ VQh ‟ Hkh laKk ugha gSA ij ,slk fcYdqy ugha gSA uke pkgs fdlh O;fDr dk gks
;k fQj fdlh tkuoj dk] mls laKk gh ekuk tkrk gSA
,d ckr vkSj & ,d ‚kCn gS „I;kj ‟A ;g ,d Hkkookpd laKk gSA gekjk iz‛u ;g gS fd ;s rks fdlh O;fDr]
LFkku ;k oLrq dk uke ugha gS fQj bls laKk D;ksa ekurs gSa ! ;s lc ckrsa vkidks bl pSIVj dks i<+us dk ckn o
vkWfM;ks ySDpj dks lquus ds ckn le÷k vk tk;saxhA bl pSIVj dks /;ku ls if<+;sA
Since childhood, we have been taught that a noun is the name of a person,
place or thing. This definition is not incorrect but we need to know a little
more. Even if, for an instance we assume, this definition is correct, then
why is the name of a dog or any animal for that matter considered a noun
! The fact is, name of any creature is a noun; be it a human or an animal.
Similarly, „love‟ is an example of abstract noun. It‟ s not a name of a
person, place or thing , then why do we take it as a noun ! There are lot
many examples as such. Let‟ s understand.
1) Proper Noun ¼O;fDrokpd laKk ½

O;fDrokpd laKk fdlh Hkh izk kh] txg ;k oLrq dk uke gksrk gSA
Proper Noun is the name of a Creature, place or thing.
Ram ¼fdlh izk kh dk uke gS½ (Name of a Creature)
Tuffy ¼fdlh izk kh dk uke gS½ (Name of a Creature)
Dehradun ¼fdlh txg dk uke gS½ (Name of a Place)
Parker pen ¼fdlh oLrq dk uke gS½ (Name of a Thing)
Usha Fan ¼fdlh oLrq dk uke gS½ (Name of a Thing)
2) Common Noun ¼tkfrokpd laKk ½

tkfrokpd laKk fdlh Hkh izk kh] txg ;k oLrq dh tkfr ds ckjs esa crkrk gSA
Common Noun denotes the class of a Creature, Place or thing.
1- pfy, le>saA ekuk vkids lkeus nks eksckby j[ks gq, gSaA ,d gS uksfd;k eksckbZy vkSj nwljk gS lSelax eksckbZyA
nksuksa esa D;k lekurk gS \ nksuksa eksckby gSaA blfy, ÞeksckbyÞ ,d Common Noun gSA bu nksuksa dh tkfr
ÞeksckbyÞ gSA
Suppose, there are two mobiles. One is nokia‟s and another one is Samsung‟ s. What is
common in both? They both are mobile. So „mobile‟ is a common noun.
2- ekuk vkids lkeus nks yM+ds [kM+s gSaA ,d gS jke vkSj nwljk gS jktwA nksuksa esa D;k lekurk gS \ nksuksa yM+ds gSaA
blfy, ÞyM+dkÞ ,d Common Noun gSA bu nksuksa dh tkfr ÞyM+dkÞ gSA
Suppose there are two boys; Ram and Raju. What is common in both? They both are
boys. So „boy‟ is a common noun.
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3- ekuk vkids lkeus rhu QSu j[ks gq, gSaA ,d gS m"kk QSu] nwljk gS [ksrku QSu vkSj rhljk gS gSoYl QSuA rhuksa esa
D;k lekurk gS \ rhuksa QSu gSaA blfy, ÞQSuÞ ,d Common Noun gSA bu rhuksa dh tkfr ÞQSuÞ gSA
There are three fans; one is Usha‟s, second one is Khaitan‟ s and the third one is
Havel‟s. What is common in them? They all are fans. So „fan‟ is a common noun.
4- rhu jkT; gSaA ,d gS fnYyh] nwljk gS gfj;k kk vkSj rhljk gS fcgkjA rhuksa esa D;k lekurk gS \ rhuksa jkT; gSaA
blfy, ÞjkT;Þ ,d Common Noun gSA bu rhuksa dh tkfr ÞjkT;Þ gSA
Let‟ s think about three states; Delhi, Hariyana and Bihar. What is common in these?
These all are states. So „State‟ is a common noun.
3) Collective Noun ¼lewgokpd laKk½

lewgokpd laKk izkf k;ksa ds] txgksa ds ;k oLrqvksa ds lewg dks n‛kkZrk gSA
Collective Noun denotes the group of creatures, places or things.
People(yksx) - dbZ yksxksa dk lewg (group of persons)

Crowd(HkhM+) - dbZ yksxksa dk lewg (group of persons)
Batch(cSp) - dbZ fo|kfFkZ;ksa dk lewg (group of students)
Team(Vhe) - dbZ f[kykfM+;ksa dk lewg(group of players)
Bunch(xqPNk) - vaxwj dk (group of grapes)
Family(QSfeyh) - ifjokj (group of members)
Few other examples are: Army, Class, Committee, Council, Department,

Society, Majority, Minority, Audience, Jury, Company, Corporation etc.
4) Material Noun ¼inkFkZokpd laKk ½

inkFkZokpd laKk fdlh Hkh inkFkZ dk uke gksrk gSA
Material Noun denotes the Name of a material.
lksuk (Gold), pk¡nh (Silver), rk¡ck (Copper), Xykl (Glass), ydM+h (Wood), iRFkj (Stone) etc.
5) Abstract Noun ¼Hkkookpd laKk ½

Hkkookpd laKk oks gksrh gS ftls ge Nw ;k ns[k ugha ldrs] flQZ eglwl fd;k tk ldrk gSA
Abstract Noun is something that we can‟ t touch or see; we can only feel it. In other
words, A person can‟ t physically interact such things. We can‟ t see, touch, hear, smell
or taste these nouns.
bZekunkjh (Honesty), I;kj (Love), pksjh (Theft), ?k` kk (Hate), oDr (Time), lksp (Thinking),
Hkkouk,¡ (Feelings), xf kr (Mathematics), mEehn (Expectation) etc.
vkids eu esa ‚kk;n ,d loky vk;s fd „Love‟ rks ,d fØ;k gS fQj ;s Hkkookpd laKk dSls gS ! dqN ,sls ‚kCn
gksrs gSa tks fØ;k o laKk nksuksa dh rjg iz;ksx fd;s tkrs gSA Love ds nks eryc gSaA ,d gS *I;kj* vkSj nwljk gS
*I;kj djuk*A igyk okyk Abstract Noun gS rks nwljk okyk fØ;k gSA D;ksafd nwljs okys esa *djuk* dk iz;ksx
fd;k x;k gS ftlls ;s irk yxrk gS fd fdlh dke dks djus dh ckr gks jgh gSA *I;kj djuk* ,d dke ;kfu
fØ;k gSA
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You must be thinking that „Love‟ is a verb then how come it‟ s an abstract Noun.
Let me tell you. There are a few words, which can function as nouns in some cases and
verbs in other cases, „Love‟ is one of them.
Love is life. I;kj ft+Unxh gSA ¼;gk¡ ij love ,d Hkkookpd laKk gSALove as an „Abstract Noun‟ ½
I love you. eSa rqEgsa I;kj djrk g¡wA ¼;gk¡ ij love ,d fØ;k gSA Love as a „Verb‟ ½
cgqr gh egRoiw kZ ckr (Very Important point)–
fdlh Hkh okD; esa Subject ;k rks laKk gksxh ;k fQj loZukeA uhps fn;s x;s mnkgj kksa ls lef÷k,A
In a sentence, Subject is either a noun or a pronoun.
1- lQyrk cgqr t+#jh gSA Success is very important.
;gk¡ ij Subject gS & „Success‟ . ;s dksbZ loZuke rks gS ugha] blfy, laKk gh gks ldrh gSA vc eqn~nk ;s gS
fd ;s dkSu lh laKk gSA ;s u fdlh O;fDr] oLrq ;k txg dk uke gS] u dksbZ tkfr gS] u dksbZ lewg gS] u gh dksbZ
inkFkZ gS rks fQj D;k cpkA vjs gk¡ „Success‟ dks u Nw ldrs gSa u ns[k ldrs gSa] fcYdqy lkQ gS fd ;s
Hkkookpd laKk gSA
In above example, Subject is „Success‟ . As per the rule, subject can either be a noun or a
pronoun. Since it‟ s not a pronoun, it‟ s a noun then. Now the question is, which noun it
is! It‟s not a name of any person, place or thing; it‟ s neither a class; neither a group; nor
a material, then what it is? Oh yes!, „Success‟ can‟ t be touched or seen, it is abstract
noun.
2- jke esjk nksLr gSA Ram is my friend.
;gk¡ ij Subject gS & „Ram‟ . ;s dksbZ loZuke rks gS ugha] blfy, laKk gh gks ldrh gSA vc eqn~nk ;s gS fd ;s
dkSu lh laKk gSA ;s ,d O;fDr dk uke gS] blfy, ;s ,d O;fDrokpd laKk gSA
In above example, Subject is „Ram‟. As per the rule, subject can either be a noun or a
pronoun. Since it‟ s not a pronoun, it‟ s a noun then. Now the question is, which noun it
is! It‟s a name of a person, so it is a proper noun.
3- oks esjk HkkbZ gSA He is my brother.
;gk¡ ij Subject gS & „He‟ . ;s ,d loZuke gSA
In above example, Subject is „He‟ . As per the rule, subject can either be a noun or a
pronoun. It‟s a pronoun.
4- bZekunkjh esjs [kwu esa gSA Honesty is in my blood.
Subject gS & „Honesty‟ . igys mnkgj k dh rjg „Honesty‟ dks u Nw ldrs gSa u ns[k ldrs gSa] ;s ,d
Hkkookpd laKk gSA
Subject is „Honesty‟. Just like the first example, it can‟ t be experienced by any of our 5
senses, hence it‟ s clear, it‟ s an abstract noun.
5- i<+uk vPNh vknr gSA Reading is a good habit.
Subject gS & „Reading‟ . vkb, lkspsa fd ;g Subject laKk gS ;k fQj loZukeA ;s u gh loZuke gS vkSj u gh
ij nh xbZ dksbZ Hkh laKkA vkidks FkksM+k dU¶;wt+u gks jgk gksxk fd Read dk eryc rks gksrk gS i<+ukA ;s rks
fØ;k gSA
ysfdu /;ku nhft, fd Read ds lkFk ing yxkdj bls Subject dh rjg iz;ksx fd;k x;k gSA geus vkidks
crk;k Fkk fd fdlh Hkh okD; esa Subject ;k rks laKk gksxh ;k fQj loZukeA rdZ ;g gS fd vxj fdlh fØ;k ds
vkxs ing yxk dj mls laKk dh rjg iz;ksx fd;k tk;s rks ml ‚kCn dks tSjUM ;kfu fØ;kokpd laKk dgrs gSaA
tks fd bl pSIVj esa vkidk vxyk VkWfid gSA
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Subject is „Reading‟ . It‟ s neither a pronoun nor a noun that we have discussed above.
You might be getting little confused because „Read‟ is a verb. But you must notice that
„read‟ is attached with „ing‟ and used as a subject. We had told you that the subject
can either be a noun or a pronoun. It can‟ t be a verb. The fact is; If a verb is added
with „ing‟ and used as a noun in a sentence, that verb is called „Gerund‟ . It‟ s your next
topic in this chapter.
Gerund¼tSjUM½ fØ;kokpd laKk
vxj fdlh fØ;k ds vkxs ing yxk dj mls laKk dh rjg iz;ksx fd;k tk;s rks mls tSjUM ;kfu fØ;kokpd laKk dgrs
gSaA
If a verb is added with „ing‟ and used as a noun in a sentence, that verb is called „Gerund‟.
Verb ¼fØ;k½ Verb is used as a Noun.

Gerund ¼fØ;kokpd laKk ;kfu tSjUM½
I love you. Loving you is a part of my life.
I think about them. Thinking so much is not good for
health.
I read books. Reading is a good habit.
I run 5 kilometers a day. Running daily is good for health.
Rahul smokes. Smoking is injurious to health.
Noun: Two types (in another classification)
Example: Pen, Boy, Book, Hair,

Countable Noun ftUgsa fxuk tk ldrk gSA
Star, Girl, Man, Cow, City, Paper
x kuh; laKk That can be counted.
etc.
Example: Milk, Sugar, Honesty,
Uncountable Noun ftUgsa fxuk ugha tk ldrkA
Delhi, Money, Love, Hate etc.
vx kuh; laKk That can‟ t be counted
vki lksp jgs gksaxs fd „Hair‟ vkSj „Star‟ rks vufxur gksrs gSa fQj bUgsa Countable Noun D;ksa dgk x;kA nsf[k,]
vufxur blfy, dgrs gSa D;ksafd cgqr vf/kd gksrs gSa] fxuuk eqf‛dy gS ij vlEHko rks ugha gS ukA fxu rks ldrs gh gSaA
nwljh ckr geus „Money‟ dks Uncountable Noun dgk gS tcfd iSls dks ge fxu ldrs gSaA ij /;ku nhft, fd
vaxzst+h ds bl ‚kCn „Money‟ dks ge 1 money, 2 money, 3 money vkfn ugha dg ldrs blfy, bls
Uncountable ekuk tkrk gSA
You must be thinking that „Hair‟ and „Star‟ are not possible to count. In fact, counting them is
difficult because they are huge in numbers but it‟ s not impossible to count them; we can count
them like 1 star, 2 stars, 3 stars, 1 hair, 2 hairs, 3 hairs etc. That‟s why they are called
countable nouns. Secondly, „Money‟ is an English word which is considered to be an
uncountable noun because we can‟ t say “I have 1 money, 2 money, 3 money etc” so can‟ t count
it in numbers.
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The Noun: Gender (fyax)
Masculine Gender Feminine Gender Neuter Gender

¼iqfYyax½ ¼L«khfyax½ ¼uiqaldfyax½
It denotes a male. It denotes a Female. It denotes neither male
¼;g iq#"k tkfr dk cks/k djkrk gS½ ¼;g L«kh tkfr dk cks/k djkrk gS½ nor female but non living.
¼u iq#"k tkfr u L«kh tkfr] cfYd
;g futhZo phtksa dk cks/k djkrk gSA½
Example: Example: Example:
Boy, Uncle, Brother Woman, Girl, Aunt, Book, Pen, Mobile,
Gents, Actor etc. Sister, Ladies, Actress, Laptop, Chair etc.
Cat, Cow etc.
The Noun: Number ¼opu½

Singular ¼,dopu½ Plural ¼cgqopu½
tc laKk fdlh ,d izk kh] txg ;k oLrq dk cks/k djk;sA tc laKk ,d ls vf/kd izkf k;ksa] txgksa ;k oLrqvksa dk cks/k
It denotes one Creature, Place or Thing. djk;sA
It denotes more than one Creature, Place
or Thing.
Rat ¼pwgk½ Rats ¼,d ls T+;knk pwgs½
Mouse ¼pwfg;k½ Mice ¼,d ls T+;knk pqfg;k½
Tooth ¼,d nk¡r½ Teeth ¼,d ls T+;knk nk¡r½
Man ¼,d vkneh½ Men ¼,d ls T+;knk vkneh½
Woman ¼,d vkSjr½ Women ¼,d ls T+;knk vkSjrsa½
Girl ¼,d yM+dh½ Girls ¼,d ls T+;knk yM+fd;k¡½
The Noun: Always ending with „s‟

dqN ,sls Noun Hkh gksrs gSa ftuds vUr esa ges‛kk „s‟ yxrk gSA ij ;s cgqopu ugha gksrsA
There are a few nouns, which always end with „s‟ , but they are always plurals.
Scissors ¼lht+lZ½ dSaph

Trousers ¼Vªk t+lZ½ iSaV
Binoculars ¼ckbuksdqylZ½ nwjchu
Spectacles ¼LiSDVsdYl½ p‛ek
Mathematics ¼eSFkseSfVDl½ xf kr
News ¼U;wt+½ lekpkj

Dear students,
Aditya Sir
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Lesson – 8
Pronoun ¼loZuke½
“loZuke dk iz;ksx laKk dh txg ij fd;k tkrk gSA”
“Pronoun is usually a substitute for a noun.”
uhps fn;s x;s nks mnkgj kksa dh enn ls le÷kus dk iz;Ru dfj, &
1- Þjke vPNk yM+dk gSA jke esjk nksLr gSA jke ds ikik esjs ikik ds lkFk dke djrs gSaAÞ
Ram is a good boy. Ram is my friend. Ram‟s father works with my father.
2- Þjke vPNk yM+dk gSA oks esjk nksLr gSA mldss ikik esjs ikik ds lkFk dke djrs gSaAÞ
Ram is a good boy. He is my friend. His father works with my father.
ckj&2 „jke‟ dgus ds ctk;] nwljs mnkgj k esa „oks‟ o „mlds‟ dk iz;ksx fd;k x;k gS] ftlls okD; ds vFkZ esa dksbZ
cnyko ugha vk;k gS] cfYd okD; T+;knk csgrj gks x;k gSA pw¡fd jke ,d laKk gS blfy, okD; esa jke dh txg ij
iz;ksx fd;s tkus okys ‚kCn „oks‟ o „mlds‟ loZuke gSaA
„He‟ & „His‟ are being used as substitutes of „Ram‟ in example no.2, which doesn‟t
change the meaning of the sentence. These such words, replacing noun; „He‟ & „His‟ are
called pronouns.
bl pSIVj dh vkWfM;ks ySDpj t+#j lqfu, rkfd lHkh dkWUlsUV o mnkgj k csgrj rjhds ls le÷k ik;saA
Types ¼izdkj½
uhps nh x;h rkfydk ij xkSj dfj;sA (Look at the table below)
Subjective Objective Possessive Reflexive
Pronoun Pronoun Pronoun Pronoun
bl Pronoun dk
bl rjg ds Pronoun dk iz;ksx ;s
iz;ksx rc fd;k tkrk
;g Subject esa iz;ksx ;g Object esa iz;ksx crkus ds fy, fd;k tkrk gS fd ;g
fd;s tkrs gSaA fd;s tkrs gSaA fdldk gS & esjk] rqEgkjk] mldk] mudk gS tc Subject
;k fQj fdlh vkSj dkA [kqn ds ckjs esa crkrk
gksA
I Me My Mine Myself
eSa eq÷ks ;k esjs esjk esjk eSa [kqn
He Him His His Himself
og] oks mls] mldks] mudks mldk mldk oks [kqn
¼,d iq:"k½ ¼,d iq:"k dks½ ¼,d iq:"k dk½ ¼,d iq:"k dk½ ¼,d iq:"k½
She Her Her Hers Herself
og] oks mls] mldks] mudks mldk mldk oks [kqn
¼,d L=h½ ¼,d L=h dks½ ¼,d L=h dk½ ¼,d L=h dk½ ¼,d L=h½
You You Your Yours Yourself/
rqe] vki rqEgsa] rqEgkjs@vkidks] rqEgkjk@vkidk rqEgkjk@vkidk Yourselves
¼rqe@vki ,d O;fDr vkids ¼rqe@vki ,d gks ¼rqe@vki ,d gks rqe@vki [kqn
gks ldrs gks ;k ,d ls ¼rqe@vki ,d gks ldrs ldrs gks ;k ,d ldrs gks ;k ,d ls ¼rqe@vki ,d O;fDr
T+;knk O;fDr gks ldrs gks ;k ,d ls T+;knk gks ls T+;knk gks T+;knk O;fDr gks gks ldrs gks ;k ,d
gks½ ldrs gks½ ldrs gks½ ldrs gks½ ls T+;knk O;fDr gks
ldrs gks½
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They Them Their Theirs Themselves
os] oks muds mudk mudk Okks [kqn@os [kqn
¼,d ls T+;knk O;fDr½ ¼,d ls T+;knk O;fDr;ksa ¼,d ls T+;knk ¼,d ls T+;knk ¼,d ls T+;knk O;fDr½
ds½ O;fDr;ksa dk½ O;fDr;ksa dk½
We Us Our Ours Ourselves
ge gekjs gekjk gekjk ge [kqn
¼,d ls T+;knk O;fDr½ ¼,d ls T+;knk O;fDr;ksa ¼,d ls T+;knk ¼,d ls T+;knk ¼,d ls T+;knk O;fDr½
ds½ O;fDr;ksa dk½ O;fDr;ksa dk½
Difference between possessive cases

My, Mine esjk Your, Yours rqEgkjk
Our, Ours gekjk His mldk ¼,d iq:"k dk½
Her, Hers mldk ¼,d L=h dk½ Their, Theirs mudk ¼,d ls T+;knk yksxksa dk½
„My‟ vkSj „Mine‟ nksuksa dk eryc *esjk* gS ij vxj okD; esa ÞesjkÞ vdsys vk;s rks Mine dk iz;ksx djrs gSa vkSj vxj
*esjk* ds lkFk dqN vkSj tqM+k gqvk gks tSls% esjk HkkbZ] esjs nksLr vkfn rks *esjk* ds fy, „My‟ dk iz;ksx djrs gSaA fcYdqy blh
rjg] „Your‟ vkSj „Yours‟ nksuksa dk eryc *rqEgkjk* gS ij vxj okD; esa ÞrqEgkjkÞ vdsys vk;s rks Yours dk iz;ksx
djrs gSa vkSj vxj *rqEgkjk* ds lkFk dqN vkSj tqM+k gqvk gks tSls% rqEgkjk HkkbZ] rqEgkjk nksLr vkfn rks *rqEgkjk* ds fy,
„Your‟ dk iz;ksx djrs gSaA
Example:
rqe esjs HkkbZ gksA You are my brother. ¼;gk¡ ij esjsds lkFk HkkbZ yxk gqvk gS blfy, My dk iz;ksx fd;k x;k½
rqe esjs gksA You are mine. lkFk dqN ugha yxk gS blfy, Mine dk iz;ksx fd;k x;k½
¼;gk¡ ij esjs ds
;s esjh fdrkc gSA This is my book. ¼;gk¡ ij esjh dslkFk fdrkc gS blfy, My dk iz;ksx fd;k x;k½
;s fdrkc esjh gSA lkFk dqN ugha yxk gS] fdrkc rks Subject dk fgLlk gS
This book is mine.¼;gk¡ ij esjh ds
blfy, Mine dk iz;ksx fd;kA½
Subjective Pronoun Example

1- oks ikxy gSA He is mad.
2- ge nsgjknwu esa FksA We were in Dehradun.
Objective Pronoun Example

1- jke esjs lkFk FkkA Ram was with me.
2- ikik us eq÷ks Mk¡VkA Dad scolded me.
3- cPpk rqEgas ns[k jgk gSA Baby is watching you.
4- ikik us muds fy, cgqr dqN fd;kA Papa did a lot for them.
Possessive Pronoun Example

1- jke esjk lcls NksVk csVk gSA Ram is my youngest son.
2- fny rqEgkjk gS] esjk ughaA Heart is yours, not mine.
3- esjk fny jks jgk FkkA My heart was crying.
4- HkkbZ mldk gS] jke dk ugha gSA Brother is his/hers, not Ram‟ s.
5- rqe esjs ugha FksA You were not mine.
Reflexive Pronoun Example

1- eSa ;s [kqn d:¡xkA I will do it myself.
2- oks ogk¡ vius vki tk;sxkA He will go there himself.
3- ;s vki [kqn dfj,A Do it yourself.
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Lesson – 9
Adjective ¼fo‛ks’k k½
fo‛ks"k k oks ‚kCn ;k 'kCnksa dk lewg ¼miokD;½ gksrs gSa tks fdlh laKk ;k loZuke dh fo‛ks"krk crkrs gSa ;k
fQj ml laKk ;k loZuke ds ckjs esa dqN vfrfjDr lwpuk nsrs gSaA ;s Hkh dg ldrs gSa fd fo‛ks’k k fdlh
laKk ;k loZuke dk o kZu djrs gSaA
Adjectives are the words or the group of words that show the quality of
noun/pronoun or provide some additional information about them. In
other words, Adjectives describe a noun or pronoun.
vkb, dqN mnkgj k ns[ksaA

Let‟ s see some examples.
1) Ram is brave. ( jke cgknqj gS)

„cgknqj‟ gksuk jke dh fo‛ks"krk gSA pw¡fd jke ,d laKk gS blfy, „Brave‟ ,d fo‛ks"k k gSA
To be „Brave‟ is the quality of Ram. Since Ram is a noun, hence Brave is an adjective.
2) He was brave. ( og cgknqj gS)

„cgknqj‟ gksuk mldh ;kfu „He‟ dh fo‛ks"krk gSA pw¡fd ÞogÞ ;kfu „He‟ ,d loZuke gS blfy, „Brave‟ ,d
fo‛ks"k k gSA
To be „Brave‟ is the quality of „He‟ . Since „He‟ is a pronoun, hence Brave is an adjective.
3) I have some/much water. ( esjs ikl FkksM+k@cgqr ikuh gS)

ikuh ,d laKk gS blds lkFk „FkksM+k‟ ;k „T+;knk‟ yxkus ls ikuh dh ek=k ds ckjs esa irk py jgk gSA ;kfu ;g ‚kCn
ikuh ds ckjs esa dqN vfrfjDr lwpuk ns+ jgk gS blfy, „some/much‟ ,d fo‛ks"k k gSA
Here, we have used „some/much‟ with water. It gives an idea about the amount of
water. So using „some‟ or „much‟ gives some additional information about water. „Water‟
is a noun so „some/much‟ is an adjective.
4) Aman is my brother who plays with you. (veu esjk HkkbZ gS tks rqEgkjs lkFk [ksyrk gS)
bl okD; esa tSls gh dgk x;k fd “tks rqEgkjs lkFk [ksyrk gS” ] blls veu ds ckjs esa dqN vfrfjDr ckr irk
yxrh gS fd oks rqEgkjs lkFk [ksyrk gS] p¡wfd veu ,d O;fDr dk uke ;kfu laKk gS blfy, laKk ds ckjs esa dqN
vfrfjDr lwpuk nsus okyk ;g okD; “tks rqEgkjs lkFk [ksyrk gS” ,d fo‛ks"k k miokD; gSA
In this sentence, when said “who plays with you”, it provides additional information
about Aman that he plays with you. Since Aman is the name of a person, means a
noun, hence, the clause „who plays with you‟ , which provides additional information
about a noun is an adjective clause.
5) He is Ram who is older than I. (oks jke gS tks eq>ls cM+k gS)
tc ge ;s dgrs gSa fd “tks eq>ls cM+k gS” ] rks geas jke ds ckjs esa dqN vfrfjDr ckr irk yxrh gS blfy, ;g
okD; “tks eq>ls cM+k gS” ,d fo‛ks"k k miokD; gSA
When We say “who is older than I”, it gives us some additional information about Ram,
who is a noun. Hence, this clause „who is older than I‟ is an adjective clause.
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izk;% fo'ks"k kksa dh rhu degrees gksrh gSa&
Generally, There are three degrees of adjectives-
1. Positive
2. Comparative
3. Superlative
Use of „er‟ / „est‟
Positive Comparative Superlative

1. Tall ¼dn esa yEck½ Taller¼T+;knk yEck½ Tallest¼lcls T+;knk yEck½
2. Short ¼dn esa NksVk½ Shorter¼T+;knk NksVk½ Shortest ¼lcls T+;knk NksVk½
3. Big ¼cM+k½ Bigger¼T+;knk cM+k½ Biggest ¼lcls T+;knk cM+k½
4. Small ¼NksVk½ Smaller¼T+;knk NksVk½ Smallest ¼lcls T+;knk NksVk½
5. Great ¼egku½ Greater¼T+;knk egku½ Greatest ¼lcls T+;knk egku½
6. Lengthy¼yEck½ Lengthier¼T+;knk yEck½ Lengthiest ¼lcls T+;knk yEck½
7. Long ¼yEck½ Longer¼T+;knk yEck½ Longest ¼lcls T+;knk yEck½
8. Wide ¼pkSM+k½ Wider¼T+;knk pkSM+k½ Widest ¼lcls T+;knk pkSM+k½
9. High ¼ ¡pk½ Higher¼T+;knk ¡pk½ Highest ¼lcls T+;knk ¡pk½
10. Deep ¼xgjk½ Deeper¼T+;knk xgjk½ Deepest ¼lcls T+;knk xgjk½
11. Black ¼dkyk½ Blacker¼T+;knk dkyk½ Blackest ¼lcls T+;knk dkyk½
12. White ¼lQ+sn½ Whiter¼T+;knk lQ+sn½ Whitest ¼lcls T+;knk lQ+sn½
13. Bitter ¼dM+ok½ Bitterer¼T+;knk dM+ok½ Bitterest ¼lcls T+;knk dM+ok½
14. Sweet ¼ehBk½ Sweeter ¼T+;knk ehBk½ Sweetest ¼lcls T+;knk ehBk½
15. Sour ¼[kV~Vk½ Sourer¼T+;knk [kV~Vk½ Sourest ¼lcls T+;knk [kV~Vk½
16. Clean ¼lkQ½ Cleaner¼T+;knk lkQ½ Cleanest ¼lcls T+;knk lkQ½
17. Dirty ¼xank½ Dirtier¼T+;knk xank½ Dirtiest ¼lcls T+;knk xank½
18. Cold ¼BaMk½ Colder¼T+;knk BaMk½ Coldest ¼lcls T+;knk BaMk½
19. Hot ¼xeZ½ Hotter¼T+;knk xeZ½ Hottest ¼lcls T+;knk xeZ½
20. Fast ¼rst+½ Faster¼T+;knk rst½+ Fastest ¼lcls T+;knk rst+½
21. Slow ¼gYdk½ Slower¼T+;knk gYdk½ Slowest ¼lcls T+;knk gYdk½
22. Hard ¼dBksj½ Harder¼T+;knk dBksj½ Hardest ¼lcls T+;knk dBksj½
23. Tough ¼dBksj½ Tougher ¼T+;knk dBksj½ Toughest ¼lcls T+;knk dBksj½
24. Soft ¼eqyk;e@dksey½ Softer¼T+;knk eqyk;e@dksey½ Softest ¼lcls T+;knk eqyk;e½
25. Rich ¼vehj½ Richer¼T+;knk vehj½ Richest ¼lcls T+;knk vehj½
26. Poor ¼xjhc½ Poorer¼T+;knk xjhc½ Poorest ¼lcls T+;knk xjhc½
27. Strong ¼etcwr½ Stronger¼T+;knk etcwr½ Strongest ¼lcls T+;knk etcwr½
28. Weak ¼detksj½ Weaker¼T+;knk detksj½ Weakest ¼lcls T+;knk detksj½
29. Heavy¼Hkkjh½ Heavier¼T+;knk Hkkjh½ Heaviest ¼lcls T+;knk Hkkjh½
30. Light ¼gYdk½ Lighter¼T+;knk gYdk½ Lightest ¼lcls T+;knk gYdk½
31. Young¼mez esa NksVk] toku½ Younger ¼mez esa T+;knk NksVk½ Youngest ¼mez esa lcls NksVk ½
32. Old ¼mez esa cM+k] iqjkuk½ Older/Elder¼T+;knk cM+k@iqjkuk½ Oldest/Eldest¼lcls cM+k@iqjkuk½
33. Bright¼pedhyk½ Brighter ¼T+;knk pedhyk½ Brightest ¼lcls T+;knk pedhyk½
34. Clever¼pkykd½ Cleverer ¼T+;knk pkykd½ Cleverest ¼lcls T+;knk pkykd½
35. Dear¼I;kjk½ Dearer ¼T+;knk I;kjk½ Dearest ¼lcls T+;knk I;kjk½
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36. Loud ¼ ¡ph vkokt½ Louder¼T+;knk ¡ph vkokt½ Loudest ¼lcls ¡ph vkokt½
37. Near ¼djhc½ Nearer¼T+;knk djhc½ Nearest ¼lcls T+;knk djhc½
38. Soon ¼tYnh½ Sooner¼T+;knk tYnh½ Soonest ¼lcls T+;knk tYnh½
39. Wise ¼cqf)eku½ Wiser¼T+;knk cqf)eku½ Wisest ¼lcls T+;knk cqf)eku½
40. Pure ¼ifo=] lkQ½ Purer¼T+;knk ifo=] lkQ½ Purest ¼lcls T+;knk ifo=] lkQ½
41. Brave ¼cgknqj½ Braver¼T+;knk cgknqj½ Bravest ¼lcls T+;knk cgknqj½
Use of more/most
1. Active¼rstrjkZj½ More Active ¼T+;knk rstrjkZj½ Most Active ¼lcls T+;knk rstrjkZj½
2. Beautiful ¼lqUnj½ More Beautiful¼T+;knk lqUnj½ Most Beautiful ¼lcls T+;knk lqUnj½
3. Careful¼lko/kku½ More Careful ¼T+;knk lko/kku½ Most Careful ¼lcls T+;knk lko/kku½
4. Cheerful ¼[kq‛k½ More Cheerful ¼T+;knk [kq‛k½ Most Cheerful ¼lcls T+;knk [kq‛k½
5. Dangerous ¼[krjukd½ More Dangerous ¼T+;knk [krjukd½ Most Dangerous ¼lcls T+;knk [krjukd½
6. Difficult¼eqf‛dy½ More Difficult ¼T+;knk eqf‛dy½ Most Difficult ¼lcls T+;knk eqf‛dy½
7. Diligent ¼esgurh½ More Diligent ¼T+;knk esgurh½ Most Diligent ¼lcls T+;knk esgurh½
8. Famous¼izfl)½ More Famous ¼T+;knk izfl)½ Most Famous ¼lcls T+;knk izfl)½
9. Foolish¼ew[kZ½ More Foolish ¼T+;knk ew[kZ½ Most Foolish ¼lcls T+;knk ew[kZ½
10. Harmful¼gkfudkjd½ More Harmful ¼T+;knk gkfudkjd½ Most Harmful ¼lcls T+;knk gkfudkjd½
11. Honest¼bZekunkj½ More Honest ¼T+;knk bZekunkj½ Most Honest ¼lcls T+;knk bZekunkj½
12. Important¼egRoiw kZ½ More Important ¼T+;knk egRoiw kZ½ Most Important ¼lcls T+;knk egRoiw kZ½
13. Industrious¼esgurh½ More Industrious ¼T+;knk esgurh½ Most Industrious ¼lcls T+;knk esgurh½
14. Intelligent¼cqf)eku½ More Intelligent ¼T+;knk cqf)eku½ Most Intelligent ¼lcls T+;knk cqf)eku½
15. Interesting¼jkspd½ More Interesting ¼T+;knk jkspd½ Most interesting ¼lcls T+;knk jkspd½
16. Popular¼izfl)½ More Popular ¼T+;knk izfl)½ Most Popular ¼lcls T+;knk izfl)½
17. Powerful¼‛kfDr‛kkyh½ More Powerful ¼T+;knk ‚kfDr‛kkyh½ Most Powerful ¼lcls T+;knk ‚kfDr‛kkyh½
18. Patient¼/kS;Zoku½ More Patient ¼ T+;knk /k;Zoku½ Most Patient ¼lcls T+;knk /k;Zoku½
19. Urgent¼t+#jh½ More Urgent ¼ T+;knk t+#jh½ Most urgent ¼lcls T+;knk t+#jh½
20. Useful¼mi;ksxh½ More useful ¼ T+;knk mi;ksxh½ Most Useful ¼lcls T+;knk mi;ksxh½
Some adjectives have their comparative and Superlative degrees in an irregular pattern:
1. Good, Well ¼vPNk] Bhd½ Better ¼csgrj½ Best¼lcls T+;knk vPNk½

2. Bad, ill ¼cqjk½ Worse¼T+;knk cqjk½ Worst¼lcls T+;knk cqjk½
3. Much, Many¼T+;knk] dbZ½ More ¼vkSj T+;knk½ Most¼lcls T+;knk½
4. Little ¼FkksM+k] de½ Less, Lesser¼vkSj FkksM+k de½ Least¼lcls T+;knk de½
uhps fn;s x;s okD;ksa esa fo‛ks"k k ‚kCnksa ;k fo‛ks"k k miokD;ksa dks xgjs dkys v{kjksa esa fy[kk gqvk gSA
Following are the sentences, where adjectives are written in bold letters.
1. It is a bright day.
2. Dehradun is a huge city.
3. She is a very nice girl.
4. They are cute.
5. They both are in a difficult situation.
6. I am taller than you.
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Lesson – 10
Verbs ¼fØ;k,¡½
eku yhft, vki fcLrj ij ysVs gq, fdlh dks ;kn dj jgs gSaA vki lkspsaxs fd eSa dksbZ dke rks dj ugha jgk]
eSa rks flQZ fcLrj ij ysVk g¡wA ;w¡ rks fdlh dks ;kn djrs le; vkids gkFk iSj fLFkj gks ldrs gSa ysfdu
fnekx rks py jgk gS uA blfy, „;kn djuk‟ Hkh ,d fØ;k gS ftls vaxzst+h esa dgrs gSa „miss‟. Miss
eryc ;kn djukA
blfy, ;s er lksfp, fd fØ;k dk eryc flQZ oks dke gS ftlesa vkids gkFk&iSj iz;ksx esa yk;s tk jgs gksaA
lgh ek;us esa fØ;k dk vFkZ gS dksbZ Hkh dkeA fQj pkgs oks dsoy fnekx ls gh D;ksa u fd;k tk jgk gksA
Suppose, you are lying on the bed and missing someone. You might think of doing no
physical work but still you must remember that your brain is functioning, hence such a
work „miss‟, even if being performed by your brain, is also considered as a verb.
fØ;k oks gS ftlds ek/;e ls Subject ds dk;Z ;k voLFkk ¼fLFkfr½ dh tkudkjh feyrh gSA
Verb is the one, which describes the action or the state of the subject.
vkb, le÷ksa (Let‟s understand) &

ekuk eSa dg¡w “v;k¡‛k lks jgk gSA” bl okD; esa gS Subject gS & v;k¡‛k vkSj Verb gS & lksukA bl okD; esa Subject ds
dk;Z dh tkudkjh feyrh gSA ;gk¡ ij Subject lksus dk dk;Z dj jgk gSA
blh rjg] eku yhft, eSa dg¡w “v;k¡‛k 8 eghus dk gSA” Subject gS & v;k¡‛kA ;gk¡ ij v;k¡‛k dksbZ dk;Z ugha dj jgk
cfYd mlds ckjs esa rks flQZ crk;k x;k gS fd og 8 eghus dk gSA bl okD; esa Subject ds dk;Z dh ugha cfYd voLFkk
dh tkudkjh feyrh gSA voLFkk dk lh/kk rkRi;Z ;g gS fd Subject fdl le; esa & orZeku esa] chrs gq, dy esa ;k fQj
vkus okys dy esa fdl voLFkk esa gSA
xkSj dfj, &
Ayansh is sleeping. ¼v;k¡‛k lks jgk gSA½

¼v;k¡‛k lksus dk dk;Z dj jgk gSA bl okD; esa Subject ds dk;Z dh tkudkjh feyrh gSA½
Ayansh is 8 months old. ¼v;k¡‛k 8 eghus dk gSA½

¼bl okD; esa Subject ds dk;Z dh ugha cfYd orZeku voLFkk dh tkudkjh feyrh gSA½
Ayansh was 8 months old. ¼v;k¡‛k 8 eghus dk FkkA½

¼bl okD; esa Subject ds dk;Z dh ugha cfYd chrs gqbZ le; dh ,d voLFkk dh tkudkjh feyrh gSA½
Ayansh will be 8 months old.

¼bl okD; esa Subject ds dk;Z dh ugha cfYd vkus okys le; dh ,d voLFkk dh tkudkjh feyrh gSA½
ftu okD;ksa esa Subject fdlh dk;Z dks dj jgk gks ,sls okD; “Tenses(dky)” esa vkrs gSa vkSj ftu okD;ksa esa Subject
dksbZ dk;Z u dj jgk gS] dsoy Subject dh voLFkk@fLFkfr ds ckjs esa crk;k x;k gks] ,sls okD; “Simple
Sentences(ljy okD;)” esa vkrs gSaA nksuksa rjg ds okD;ksa dks vki vkxs vkus okys pSIVlZ esa foLrkj ls i<+saxsA
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fØ;k,¡ nks izdkj dh gksrh gSa (Verbs are of two types):
a½ eq[; fØ;k (Main Verb)
;g fØ;k subject ds dk;Z dh tkudkjh nsrh gSA eq[; fØ;k dk lh/kk lk eryc gS dksbZ Hkh dke tSls ukpuk] xkuk]
lkspuk] i<+uk] fy[kuk] ns[kuk] fgyuk] ;kn djuk] ihVuk vkfnA
Main verb describes the action of the subject such as to dance, to sing, to think, to read, to write, to
see, to move, to miss, to beat etc.
t+#jh ugha fd dke ogh gks tks gkFk iSjksa ls ;kfu physical gksA vxj vki dqN lksp Hkh jgs gSa rks Hkh fnekx dke dj jgk
gS ;kfu Mental work gks jgk gS blfy, lkspuk Hkh ,d dk;Z gh gSA
Action doesn‟t only mean the physical work. When you think, your brain works, so „to think‟ is also
an action ; hence it is a verb.
b½ lgk;d fØ;k (Helping Verb/Auxiliary Verb)

;g fØ;k subject dh voLFkk ds ckjs esa crkrh gSA subject ds vuqlkj Helping verb dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA
Examples: is, am, are, was, were, has, have, had, do, does, did, will etc.
Main verbs dh rhu forms gksrh gSa] dqN egRoiw kZ mnkgj k fuEufyf[kr gSa –
1st form 2nd form 3rd form

Go (tkuk) went gone
Meet (feyuk) met met
Come (vkuk) came come
Leave (NksM+uk) left left
Find (ikuk) found found
Live (jguk) lived lived
Get (ikuk) got got, gotten
Stay (Bgjuk) stayed stayed
Dance (Makl djuk) danced danced
Play ([ksyuk) played played
Sit (cSBuk) sat sat
Tear (QkM+uk) tore torn
Stand ([kM+s gksuk) stood stood
Start (‚kq# djuk) started started
Laugh (g¡luk) laughed laughed
Fill (Hkjuk) filled filled
Smile (eqLdqjkuk) smiled smiled
Send (Hkstuk) sent sent
Write (fy[kuk) wrote written
Prepare (rS;kj djuk) prepared prepared
Read (i<+uk) read (jSM) read (jSM)
Weep (jksuk) wept wept
Eat ([kkuk) ate eaten
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Shout (fpYykuk) shouted shouted
Drink (ihuk) drank drunk
Run (nkSM+uk) ran run
Wear (iguuk) wore worn
Get up (mBuk) got up got up
Cost (ewY; gksuk) cost cost
Thank (/kU;okn nsuk) thanked thanked
Move (fgyuk] fgykuk) moved moved
Sound (lquus esa yxuk) sounded sounded
See (ns[kuk) saw seen
Touch (Nwuk) touched touched
Look (ns[kuk) looked looked
Learn (lh[kuk) learned learned/learnt
Watch (ns[kuk) watched watched
Cook ([kkuk idkuk) cooked cooked
Catch (idM+uk) caught caught
Teach (i<+kuk) taught taught
Hang (yVduk] yVdkuk) hung hung
Bring (ykuk) brought brought
Comb (cky cukukk) combed combed
Take (ysuk) took taken
Ride (2 wheeler pykuk) rode ridden (fjMu)
Give (nsuk) gave given
Drive (4 wheeler pykuk) drove driven (fMªou)
Break (rksM+uk) broke broken
Open ([kksyuk) opened opened
Hold (idM+uk) held held
Close (cUn djuk) closed closed
Shiver (dk¡iuk) shivered shivered
Sleep (lksuk) slept slept
Bother (ijs‛kku djuk) bothered bothered
Sing (xkuk) sang sung
Know (tkuuk) knew known
Cut (dkVuk) cut cut
Think (lkspuk) thought thought
Put (j[kuk) put put
Speak (ckr djuk) spoke spoken
Walk (pyuk] ?kweuk) walked walked
Seem (yxuk) seemed seemed
Talk (ckr djuk) talked talked
Feel (eglwl djuk) felt felt
Say (dguk) said said
Work (djuk) worked worked
Tell (crkuk) told told
Want (pkguk) wanted wanted
Ask (iwNuk) asked asked
Feed (f[kykuk) fed (QSM) fed (QSM)
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Complain(f‛kdk;r djuk) complained complained
Creep(jsaxuk) crept crept
Seek (<¡+w<uk) sought (lkWV) sought (lkWV)
Dig([kksnuk) dug dug
Dip(Mqcksuk) dipped dipped
Flee(Hkkx tkuk) fled fled
Bite (nk¡r ls dkVuk) bit bitten
Hide (fNiuk) hid (fgM) hidden
Begin (‚kq# djuk) began (fcxSu) begun (fcxu)
Dream (liuk ns[kuk) dreamed, dreamt (MªSEV) dreamed, dreamt (MªSEV)
Show (fn[kkuk) showed showed
Hit (ekjuk) hit hit
Beat (ihVuk) beat (chV) beaten (chVu)
Marry(‚kknh djuk) married married
Peep (÷kk¡duk) peeped peeped
Plough(gy yxkuk) ploughed ploughed
Rest(vkjke djuk) rested rested
Rise (mxuk ;k c<+uk) rose(jkst+) risen (fjt+u)
Spit(Fkwduk) spat spat
Hurt (pksV igq¡pkuk) hurt hurt
Throw (Qsaduk) threw thrown
Fly (mM+uk) flew flown
Abuse(xkyh nsuk) abused abused
Add(tksM+uk) added added
Tie(ck¡/kuk) tied tied
Weave(cquuk) wove(okso) woven(oqou)
Bathe(ugkuk) bathed(csn~M) bathed(csn~M)
Bid(cksyh yxkuk) bade (csM) bidden (fcMu)
Wring(fupksM+uk ;k ejksM+uk) wrung(jax) wrung(jax)
Fall (fxjuk) fell fallen
Bear (tUe nsuk) bore born
Very Important:
Lay(j[kuk) laid(ysM) laid(ysM)
Lie (>wB cksyuk) lied(ykbM) lied(ykbM)
Lie (ysVuk) lay(ys) lain(ysu)
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Lesson – 11
Adverbs ¼fØ;k fo‛ks’k k½
fØ;k fo‛ks"k k oks ‚kCn ;k ‚kCnksa dk lewg ¼miokD;½ gksrs gSa tks fØ;k dh ;k fQj fo‛ks"k k dh ;k fQj fdlh
nwljs fØ;k fo‛ks"k k dh fo‛ks"krk crkrs gSa ;k fQj muds ckjs esa dqN vfrfjDr lwpuk nsrs gSAa nwljs ‚kCnksa esa ge
dg ldrs gSa fd fØ;k fo‛ks"k k fdlh fØ;k dks ;k fdlh fo‛ks"k k dks ;k fdlh nwljs fØ;k fo‛ks"k k dks rjk‛krk
gS ;k fQj mldk o kZu djrk gSA
Adverbs are the words or a clause (group of words) that show the quality of
verb/adjective/another adverb or provide some additional information about them. In
other words, An Adverb polishes/describes a verb, an adjective or another adverb.
Let‟ s understand with the help of a few examples.
vkb, dqN mnkgj kksa dh enn ls le÷ksa &
1) Ram runs fast. ( jke rst nkSM+rk gS)
„rst‟ ‚kCn dk iz;ksx djus ls nkSM+us ds ckjs dqN vfrfjDr ckr irk pyrh gSA pw¡fd nkSM+uk(run) ,d fØ;k gS
blfy, bl fØ;k ds ckjs esa vfrfjDr lwpuk nsus okyk ;g ‚kCn „rst‟ ,d fo‛ks"k k gSA
When we add the word „fast‟ , it modifies/describes the verb „Run‟ . Hence the word „fast‟
is an adverb.
2) I study till late. ( eSa nsj rd i<+rk g¡w)
„nsj rd‟ dk iz;ksx djus ls Þi<+usÞ ds ckjs dqN vfrfjDr ckr irk pyrh gSA pw¡fd i<+uk (study) ,d fØ;k gS
blfy, bl fØ;k ds ckjs esa vfrfjDr lwpuk nsus okyk ;g ‚kCn lewg „nsj rd‟ ,d fo‛ks"k k gSA
When we add the word „till late‟, it modifies/describes the verb „Study‟. Hence „till late‟
is an adverb.
3) He is a very good boy. ( oks cgqr vPNk yM+dk gSA)
;s dguk fd Þoks cgqr vPNk yM+dk gSAÞ ;gk¡ ÞvPNk gksukÞ mldh¼He½ fo‛ks"krk gSA p¡wfd ÞogÞ ;kfu He ,d
loZuke gS blfy, „good (vPNk)‟ ,d fo‛ks"k k gSA vc tc ge dgrs gSa „very good (cgqr vPNk)‟ rks „very‟
dguk „good‟ dh Hkh fo‛ks"krk crkrk gSA pw¡fd „good‟ ,d fo‛ks"k k gS blfy, „very‟ ,d fØ;k fo‛ks"k k gSA
Here, being „good‟ is the quality of „He‟ , so „good‟ is an adjective because „He‟ is a
pronoun. But when we use „very‟, then basically „very‟ is showing even the quality of
„good‟. Since „good‟ is an adjective so „very‟ is an adverb because it is polishing an
adjective(good).
4) Ram runs very fast. (jke cgqr rst+ nkSM+rk gSA)
„fast‟ ,d fØ;k fo‛ks"k k gS D;ksafd ;g ,d fØ;k (run) dks rjk‛k jgk gS ;kfu mldk xq k crk jgk gSA „very‟
yxkus ls „fast‟ dks Hkh rjk‛kk tk jgk gS „very‟ Hkh ,d fØ;k fo‛ks"k k gSA
Here „fast‟ is an adverb because it polishes a verb „run‟ and using „very‟ polishes „fast‟ so
„very‟ is basically polishing another adverb(fast), hence „very‟ is also an adverb.
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5) Ram runs fast, which is good for us. (jke rst+ nkSM+rk gS tks gekjs fy, vPNk gSA)
;gk¡ ij ;s dguk fd Þtks gekjs fy, vPNk gSÞ mlds rst nkSM+us ds xq k ds ckjs esa dqN vfrfjDr lwpuk ns jgk gS
blfy, Þtks gekjs fy, vPNk gSÞ ,d fØ;k fo‛ks"k k miokD; gSA
Saying that „which is good for us‟ is basically giving extra information about his quality
of running fast. Hence “which is good for us” is an adverb clause.
izk;% fØ;k fo'ks"k kksa dh rhu degrees gksrh gSa & Positive, Comparative and Superlative. ij dqN fØ;k
fo'ks"k kksa dh degrees ugha gksrh gSaA tSls & “very”, “quite” vkfnA
Generally, an adverb has three degrees: Positive, Comparative and Superlative. But
few adverbs don‟ t have degrees e.g. “very”, “quite” etc.
Positive Comparative Superlative

1. Fast ¼rst+½ Faster¼T+;knk rst+ ½ Fastest¼lcls T+;knk rst+ ½
2. Slow ¼gYdk] /khjs½ Slower¼T+;knk gYdk½ Slowest ¼lcls T+;knk gYdk½
3. Often(vDlj½ More often(T+;knk vDlj½ Most often (lcls T+;knk vDlj½
4. Late ¼ckn esa] nsj ls½ Later ¼T+;knk nsj ls½ Last ¼lcls T+;knk nsj ls½
5. In ¼vUnj½ Inner ¼T+;knk vUnj½ Innermost ¼lcls T+;knk vUnj½
6. Up ¼ ij½ Upper ¼T+;knk ij½ Uppermost ¼lcls T+;knk ij½
7. Far ¼nwj½ Farther¼T;knk nwj½ Farthest ¼lcls T;knk nwj½
Few Examples of Adverbs ¼fØ;k fo‛ks"k kksa ds dqN mnkgj k½
uhps lHkh mnkgj kksa esa ml fØ;k dks xgjk dkyk o frjNk fd;k x;k gS ftldh fo‛ks’krk crkus ds fy, uhps fn;s x;s fØ;k fo‛ks’k k
iz;ksx fd;s x;s gSaA (The verbs, which are being modified by the use of following
adverbs are written bold & italic.)
Afterwards ¼ckn esa½@Soon afterwards ¼rqjUr ckn½

1) I will come afterwards if you are busy now. eSa ckn esa vk ¡xk vxj vki vHkh O;Lr gSaA
2) You left at 4 pm and soon afterwards, we left. vki 4 cts fudys vkSj mlds rqjUr ckn ge
fudysA
Again ¼nksckjk½@Once again ¼,d ckj fQj½@Again & again ¼ckj ckj½
1) That girl will go again. oks yM+dh nksckjk tk;sxhA
2) I will think once again. eSa ,d ckj fQj lkspw¡xkA
3) You are doing the same mistake again and again. rqe ckj&ckj ,d gh xyrh dj jgs gksA
Ago ¼igys½s
2) They left one hour ago. os ,d ?kaVs igys fudysA
3) He had come here about two years ago. oks ;gk¡ yxHkx nks lky igys vk;k FkkA
Already ¼igys ls gh½

1) I have already told you about this. eSa rqEgsa igys gh bl ckjs esa crk pqdk g¡wA
2) I have already listened to the this song. eSa igys ls gh ;s xkuk lqu pqdk gw¡A
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Away ¼nwj½
1) You can‟ t go away from me. rqe eq÷kls nwj ugha tk ldrsA
2) Stay away from that girl. ml yM+dh ls nwj jgksA
Early ¼tYnh½
1) I get up early in the morning. eSa lqcg tYnh mBrk gw¡A
2) He reached office pretty early. og vkWfQl cgqr tYnh igq¡pkA
Else ¼dqN@dgha@dksbZ vkSj½

1) He went somewhere else. / He went elsewhere. og dgha vkSj x;kA
2) I don‟ t want anything else. / I want nothing else.eSa dqN vkSj ugha pkgrkA
3) I am wearing someone else‟ s shirt. eSaus fdlh vkSj dh ‚kVZ iguh gSA
Enough ¼dkQh½
1) They are preparing enough for the exams. os ijh{kk ds fy, dkQh rS;kjh dj jgs gSaA
2) He said enough to me . mlus eq÷ks dkQh dqN dgkA
Ever ¼dHkh½
1) Did you ever think about this? D;k rqeus dHkh bl ckjs esa lkspk \
2) Do you ever go there? D;k rqe dHkh ogk¡ tkrs gks \
3) This is the best book that I have ever read. ;s lcls vPNh fdrkc gS tks eSaus dHkh i<+h gSA
Far ¼nwj] cgqr½

1) He is far more experienced than you. mls rqels dgha@cgqr T+;knk vuqHko gSA
2) He swims far better than you. oks rqels cgqr vPNk rSjrk gSA
3) He lives far away. oks cgqr nwj jgrk gSA
4) How far can you see? rqe fdruh nwj rd ns[k ldrs gks \
Hardly/Rarely/Seldom ¼eqf‛dy ls gh] ‚kk;n gh dHkh] ‚kk;n gh dqN½

1) He hardly/rarely/seldom comes here. oks eqf‛dy ls gh dHkh ;gk¡ vkrk gSA
2) I could hardly hear you. eSa eqf‛dy ls gh rqEgkjh ckr lqu ldkA
3) I hardly ate anything yesterday. eSaus dy ‚kk;n gh dqN [kk;k A
4) We seldom meet each other these days. ge bu fnuksa eqf‛dy ls dHkh ,d nwljs ls
feyrs gSaA
Just ¼cl vHkh½

1) I am just coming. eSa cl vHkh vk jgk gw¡A
2) The bus has just left. cl VHKH&2 fudyh gSA
3) He has left just now. oks cl vHkh fudyk gSA
4) How did he just solve this question? mlus ;s iz‛u cl vHkh dSls dj fn;k \
Never ¼dHkh ugha½

1) I never said anything to you. eSaus rqEgsa dHkh dqN ugha dgkA
2) I never thought to hurt you. eSaus rqEgsa nq[k igq¡pkus dh dHkh ugha lksphA
3) She never cares for me. oks esjh fpUrk dHkh ugha djrhA
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Often/ Pretty often/Quite often/Very often ¼vDlj½/ How often ¼vDlj fdruh ckj½
1) I visit his home pretty often. eSa vDlj mlds ?kj tkrk gw¡A
2) How often do you go office? vki vDlj fdruh ckj vkWfQl tkrs gks \
Once ¼,d ckj½@At once ¼,d lkFk½@Once again ¼,d ckj fQj½@Once more ¼,d ckj vkSj½
1) I had gone there once. eSa ,d ckj ogk¡ x;k FkkA
2) They all shouted at once. os lkjs ,d lkFk fpYyk,sA
3) I thought once again. eSaus ,d ckj fQj lkspkA
4) You must read this book once more. rqEgsa ;g fdrkc ,d ckj vkSj i<+uh pkfg,A
Only ¼dsoy] bdykSrk½

1) He is only going there. oks dsoy ogk¡ tk jgk gSA
2) They were only drinking the water. os dsoy ikuh ih jgs FksA
3) Aman only ate 5 grapes. veu us dsoy ik¡p vaxwj [kk;sA
Quite ¼cgqr] dkQh½

1) She was quite a daring girl. oks dkQh fgEer okyh yM+dh FkhA
2) Dad is doing it quite easily. ikik bls cgqr vkjke ls dj jgsa gSaA
3) That was quite a touching moment. oks cgqr gh fny Nwus okyk iy FkkA
So ¼cgqr] ,slk½
1) Why are you saying so? rqe ,slk D;ksa dg jgs gks \
2) Do you think so? D;k rqe ,slk lksprs gks \
Together ¼lkFk esa½

1) They always work together. os ges‛kk lkFk dke djrs gaSA
2) We go to class together. ge Dykl lkFk esa tkrs gSaA
3) It is not possible to work together. lkFk esa dke djuk lEHko ugha gSA
Very ¼cgqr½
1) He runs very fast. oks cgqr rst+ nkSM+rk gSA
2) I reached very early today. vkt eSa cgqr tYnh igq¡pkA
,d ckr /;ku jgs fd vf/kdrj ftu ‚kCnksa ds vUr esa LY dk iz;ksx gksrk gSa os fØ;k fo‛ks’k k gksrs gSaA
Kindly note that mostly the words ending with LY are Adverbs.
Examples - Quickly, nicely, firstly, clearly, sincerely etc.
,d ckr vkSj /;ku nhft,xk] ftrus Hkh ‚kCn ij mnkgj k esa fn;s x;s gSa tSls Quick, nice, first, clear,
sincere vkfn] ;s lHkh adjective gSa tks fdlh noun dh fo‛ks’krk crkus ds fy, yxk, tkrs gSa ij tc ;gh ‚kCn
fdlh fØ;k dh fo‛ks’krk crkus ds fy, iz;ksx fd;s tkus gksa rks buds vUr esa LY yxkrs gh ;s ‚kCn adverb cu tkrs gSaA
Ram is nice. jke vPNk gSA jke ,d noun gS blfy, vPNk (nice) ,d adjective gSA
He danced nicely. oks vPNh rjg ukpkA ukpuk ,d verb gS blfy, vPNh rjg (nicely) ,d adverb gSA
ij fn;s okD;ksa esa vPNk gksuk (nice) fdldh fo‛ks’krk gS & jke dh vkSj vPNh rjg (nicely) fdldh fo‛ks’krk gS &
ukpus dhA
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Lesson – 12
Interjection ¼foLe;kfncks/kd½
Interjections dk iz;ksx viuh Hkkoukvksa dks O;Dr djus gsrq fd;k tkrk gSA vpkud gqbZ fdlh ?kVuk ls
eu dh Hkkoukvksa dk O;Dr gksuk tSls [kq‛kh ;k nq[k izdV djuk] gSjku gksuk] ‚kkck‛kh nsuk vkfnA Hkkoukvksadks
O;Dr djus ds fy, iz;ksx fd;s x;s ,sls ‚kCn ;k okD;ka‛kksa ds vUr esa ,DlDyses‛ku ekdZ ¼ ! ½yxk;k tkrk
gSA
Interjections are used to express sudden feelings or emotions that
originate due to sudden joy, grief, surprise, approval etc. Such words or
phrases are followed by an exclamation mark (!).
Interjections may express:

 Joy: ¼[kq‛kh O;Dr djus gsrq½
Hurrah!, Great!, Wow!, Thanks! etc.
 Grief: ¼nq[k O;Dr djus gsrq½
Alas!, Oh my God!, So sorry!, What a tragedy!, How tragic!, Oh no!, How sad! etc.
 Surprise: ¼pkSadrs gq, Hkkoukvksa dks O;Dr djus gsrq½
What! , Ha!, Oh my God!, My Goodness!, Amazing!, Fantastic!, Wow! , Is it! etc.
 On Consent: ¼viuh lgefr O;Dr djus gsrq½
Bravo! , Please! , Certainly! , True! , Well done!, Sure! etc.
 On Mistake: ¼viuh xyrh dks O;Dr djus gsrq½
Oh! , Oops!, My God!, No! etc.
,DlDyses‛ku ekdZ iz;ksx ds dqN mnkgj k– Few Examples of exclamation mark usage-
Hkxoku vkidks vk‛khZokn ns! God bless you! xkWM CySl ;w!
okg! ] xtc! ] cgqr cf<+;k! Wow! , Wonderful! oko! oUMjQ+qy!
Hkxoku dh n;k ls! ] izHkq dh —ik ls! By God‟ s grace ! ck; xkWM~l xzsl!
fdrus nq[k dh ckr gS! ] fdruk nq[kn! How sad! , How tragic! gko lSM! gko VªSftd!
mldh bruh fgEer! How dare he! gko Msvj gh!
vksg I;kjs! ¼tc fny esa I;kj meM+s½ Oh honey! , Oh dear! vksg guh! ] vksg fM;j!
cgqr cM+h xyrh! Terrible mistake! VSfjcy feLVsd!
fo‛okl ugha gks jgk! ] cgqr gh tcjnLr! Incredible! , Amazing! Awesome! bUØSfMcy! vesft+ax! vkWle!
cdokl! Absurd! , Nonsense ! Aweful! ,sCt+MZ! ukulSUl! vkWQ+y!
Hkxoku dk ‚kqØ gS! Thank God! FkSad xkWM!
;s gqbZ u ckr! ¼thr dh [kq‛kh½ Hurry! , That‟ s it! gqjsZ! ] nSV~l bV!
ut+j u yxs! Touch wood! , Finger crossed! Vp oqM! ] fQ+Uxj ØkWLM!
t+#j! ] D;ksa ugha! ] iDdk! Sure! , Why not!, of course! ‚;ksj! ] ok; ukWV! ] vQ+ dkst+!
‚kkckl! Well done! oSy Mu!
D;k [kcj gS! ¼[kq‛kh ls dguk½ What a news! oV v U;wt+!
lp esa! ¼pkSadrs gq,½ Really! , Is it! fj;yh! ] bt+ bV!
cgqr&2 /kU;okn! Thanks a lot! FkSaDl v ykWV!
c/kkbZ gks! Congratulations! dkWUxzSpqys‛kUl!
D;k vkbfM;k gS! What an idea! oV ,su vkbfM;k!
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Lesson – 13
Articles (A{,}/An{,su}, The{n ;k nh})
A, An vkSj The - ;s rhuksa Articles dgykrs gSaA ;s Hkh Adjective (fo‛ks’k k) gksrs gSa D;ksafd ;s fdlh laKk
ds ckjs esa vfrfjDr lwpuk nsrs gSaA ysfdu bUgsa vyx ikB esa foLrkj ls le÷kk;k tk jgk gS rkfd vki buds
iz;ksx dks T;knk csgrj le÷k ldsaA
A, An and The – These three are called Articles. They are also classified as adjectives
because they modify nouns or provide additional information about them.
Before we start, Pay attention to:
Point 1
The dks *nh* cksysaxs vxj vxys ‚kCn dh ‚kq#vkr Loj dh /ofu ls gksA
The will be pronounced as „thee‟¼*nh*½ if the next word starts with a vowel sound.
The dks *n* cksysaxs vxj vxys ‚kCn dh ‚kq#vkr O;atu dh /ofu ls gksA
The will be pronounced as „the‟ ¼*n*½ if the next word starts with a consonant sound.
The university – n ;wfuoflZVh] The umbrella – nh vEczSyk] The year – n ;h;j] The ear – nh bvj
Point 2
geus vDlj i<+k gS fd „an‟ dk iz;ksx rc fd;k tkrk gS tc vxys ‚kCn dh ‚kq#vkr Loj (a, e, i, o, u) ls gksvkSj
„a‟ dk iz;ksx rc fd;k tkrk gS tc vxys ‚kCn dh ‚kq#vkr O;atu (b, c, d, f, g, h, j, k, l, m, n, p, q, r, s,
t, v, w, x, y, z) ls gkssA vxj ;s lp gS rks fQj „hour‟ ds lkFk „an‟ dk iz;ksx D;ksa fd;k tkrk gS tcfd
„hour‟ ,d ,slk ‚kCn gS ftldh ‚kq#vkr O;atu (h) ls gkssrh gSA vkSj „University‟ ds lkFk „a‟ dk iz;ksx D;ksa
fd;k tkrk gS tcfd „University‟ ,d ,slk ‚kCn gS ftldh ‚kq#vkr Loj (u) ls gkssrh gSA lp rks ;s gS fd ckr
Loj ;k O;atu ls ‚kq# gksus dh ugha cfYd Loj ;k O;atu dh /ofu ls ‚kq# gksus dh gSA
We have often been taught that „an‟ is used when the next word starts with a vowel and „a‟ is
used when the next word starts with a consonant. If it is true, then why do we say „An hour‟ or
„A university‟; „h‟ is a consonant, why don‟t we use „a‟ before it & „u‟ is a vowel, why don‟t we
use „an‟. The fact is; it‟s not about starting of next word with a vowel or a consonant, rather it‟s
all about the starting of next word with a vowel sound or a consonant sound.
Articles nks rjg ds gksrs gSa &

There are two types of Articles –
1) Definite Article [The]-

Definite Article „The‟ generally points out a particular person, place or thing.
eq[;r% “THE” dk iz;ksx fdlh fo‛ks’k O;fDr] LFkku ;k oLrq ds lkFk gksrk gS] ftlds ckjs esa igys ls gh tkudkjh gksA
2) Indefinite Article [A/An]-

Indefinite Article „A/An‟ does not point out any particular person or thing.
eq[;r% “A/An” dk iz;ksx fdlh ,sls O;fDr] LFkku ;k oLrq ds lkFk gksrk gS ftlds ckjs esa igys ls tkudkjh u gksA
73
Read the following. ¼uhps fn;s x;s rF; dks lef>,½
Ekku yhft,] vki ?kj ij gSaA vpkud ,d yM+dk njoktk [kV[kVkrk gSA vki njokts ij x;s vkSj ns[kk fd oks yM+dk
vkids ikik ls ckr djuk pkgrk gSA vki ikik ds ikl tkdj dqN ;w¡ dgsaxs Þikikth] njokts ij ,d@dksbZ yM+dk gS]
tks vki ls ckr djuk pkgrk gSAÞ bl okD; ls ;s irk pyrk gS fd vkids ikik us vkidks ml yM+ds ds ckjs esa igys
ls dqN ugha crk;k Fkk blhfy, vkius dgk Þ ,d@dksbZ yM+dk ÞA vPNk lksfp,] vxj vkids ikik us vkidks igys gh
crk;k gqvk gksrk fd dksbZ yM+dk muls ckr djus vkus okyk gS rks vki Þ,d@dksbZÞ dk iz;ksx ugha djrs cfYd vki rks
fQj dqN bl rjg dgrs u fd Þikik] njokts ij oks yM+dk vk x;k gS tks vki ls ckr djus vkus okyk FkkAÞ
,d@dksbZ yM+dk & A boy
oks yM+dk & The boy
tc fdlh vutku O;fDr] LFkku ;k oLrq ds ckjs esa igyh ckj ckr gks jgh gks] rks Þ,d@dksbZÞ ds fy, A/An dk
iz;ksx gksrk gS vkSj tc fdlh ,sls O;fDr] LFkku ;k oLrq dh ckr gks ftlds ckjs esa igys Hkh ckr gks pqdh gks] rks ,sls esa
The dk iz;ksx gksrk gSA
Assume that You are at home. Suddenly, a boy knocks at the door and wants to talk to your dad.
You go to your dad and say „Dad, a boy is at the door, who wants to talk to you.‟ Since your
father hadn‟t told you beforehand that there was some boy about to come, that‟s why you used
„a‟. Just imagine, if your father had already told you about that boy then you would have instead
said „Dad, the boy is at the door, who had to come to talk to you.‟
If the person, place or thing is unknown or being talked about for the first time,
then we need to use indefinite article i.e. “a” or “an”, however if the person, place
or thing is known and already been talked about, then we need to use definite
article i.e. “the”.
dqN mnkgj k nsf[k, &
1) This is the book I was talking about. ;gh rks fdrkc gS ftlds ckjs esa eSa ckr dj jgk FkkA
2) This is a book. ;g ,d fdrkc gSA
igys okys okD; esa ml fdrkc ds ckjs esa igys Hkh ckr gks pqdh gS] blhfy, fdrkc ls igys „The‟ dk iz;ksx
fd;k x;k gSA
3) A Mr. Rahul is at the door. dksbZ fe0 jkgqy njokt+s ij gSaA

4) Mr. Rahul is at the door. fe0 jkgqy njokt+s ij gSaA
nwljs okD; esa fe0 jkgqy ls igys „The‟ blfy, ugha yxk;k D;ksafd O;fDrokpd laKk ds lkFk „The‟ ugha
yxrkA
egRoiw kZ rF; (An important fact)
geus vDlj i<+k gS fd „an‟ dk iz;ksx rc fd;k tkrk gS tc vxys ‚kCn dh ‚kq#vkr Loj (a, e, i, o, u) ls gks vkSj
„a‟ dk iz;ksx rc fd;k tkrk gS tc vxys ‚kCn dh ‚kq#vkr O;atu (b, c, d, f, g, h, j, k, l, m, n, p, q, r, s, t,
v, w, x, y, z) ls gkssA vxj ;s lp gS rks fQj „hour‟ ds lkFk „an‟ dk iz;ksx D;ksa fd;k tkrk gS tcfd „hour‟ ,d
,slk ‚kCn gS ftldh ‚kq#vkr O;atu (h) ls gkssrh gSA vkSj „University‟ ds lkFk „a‟ dk iz;ksx D;ksa fd;k tkrk gS
tcfd „University‟ ,d ,slk ‚kCn gS ftldh ‚kq#vkr Loj (u) ls gkssrh gSA lp rks ;s gS fd ckr Loj ;k O;atu ls
‚kq# gksus dh ugha cfYd Loj ;k O;atu dh /ofu ls ‚kq# gksus dh gSA
We have often been taught that „an‟ is used when the next word starts with a vowel and „a‟ is used
when the next word starts with a consonant. If it is true, then why do we say „An hour‟ or „A
university‟; „h‟ is a consonant, why don‟t we use „a‟ before it & „u‟ is a vowel, why don‟t we use
„an‟. The fact is; it‟s not about starting of next word with a vowel or a consonant, rather it‟s all
about the starting of next word with a vowel sound or a consonant sound.
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Loj dh /ofu (vowel sound) - v vk b Ã m , ,s vks vkS va v%A
O;atuksa dh /ofu (consonant sound) - d [k x ………………….{k = KA
dgk¡ ij “A” vkSj dgk¡ ij “An”

(When to use “A” and when to use “An”)
An dk iz;ksx vxj vxys ‚kCn dh ‚kq#vkr Loj dh /ofu ls gksA

An will be used if the next word starts with a vowel sound.
A dk iz;ksx vxj vxys ‚kCn dh ‚kq#vkr O;atu dh /ofu ls gksA

A will be used if the next word starts with a consonant sound.
Examples:
A boy ckW; O;atu ¼c½ dh /ofu gS blfy, a yxk;kA Consonant sound ¼c½ so used „a‟
A pen iSu O;atu ¼i½ dh /ofu gS blfy, a yxk;kA Consonant sound ¼i½ so used „a‟
A university ;wfuoflZVh O;atu ¼;½ dh /ofu gS blfy, a yxk;kA Consonant sound ¼;½ so used „a‟
A year ;h;j O;atu ¼;½ dh /ofu gS blfy, a yxk;kA Consonant sound ¼;½ so used „a‟
An ear bvj Loj ¼b½ dh /ofu gS blfy, an yxk;kA Vowel sound ¼b½ so used „an‟
A bucket cdSV O;atu ¼c½ dh /ofu gS blfy, a yxk;kA Consonant sound ¼c½ so used „a‟
An honest vkWuSLV Loj ¼v½ dh /ofu gS blfy, an yxk;kA Vowel sound ¼v½ so used „an‟ An
hour vkoj Loj ¼v½ dh /ofu gS blfy, an yxk;kA Vowel sound ¼v½ so used „an‟ An
MLA ,e ,y , Loj ¼,½ dh /ofu gS blfy, an yxk;kA Vowel sound ¼,½ so used „an‟
A union ;wfu;u O;atu ¼;½ dh /ofu gS blfy, a yxk;kA Consonant sound ¼;½ so used „a‟
An orange vkWjsUt Loj ¼v½ dh /ofu gS blfy, an yxk;kA Vowel sound ¼v½ so used „an‟
“the” dks dgk¡ ij ÞnÞ vkSj dgk¡ ij ÞnhÞ cksysa

(When to pronounce “the” and when to pronounce “thee”)
The dks *nh* cksysaxs vxj vxys ‚kCn dh ‚kq#vkr Loj dh /ofu ls gksA
The will be pronounced as „thee‟ ¼*nh*½ if the next word starts with a vowel sound.
The dks *n* cksysaxs vxj vxys ‚kCn dh ‚kq#vkr O;atu dh /ofu ls gksA
The will be pronounced as „the‟ ¼*n*½ if the next word starts with a consonant sound.
Examples:
the boy ckW; O;atu ¼c½ dh /ofu gS blfy, n dgsaxsA Consonant sound ¼c½ so pronounce as „the‟
the pen iSu O;atu ¼i½ dh /ofu gS blfy, n dgsaxsA Consonant sound ¼i½ so pronounce as „the‟
the university ;wfuoflZVh O;atu ¼;½ dh /ofu gS blfy, n dgsasA Consonant sound ¼;½ so pronounce as „the‟
the year ;h;j O;atu ¼;½ dh /ofu gS blfy, n dgsaxsA Consonant sound ¼;½ so pronounce as „the‟
the ear bvj Loj ¼b½ dh /ofu gS blfy, nh dgsaxsA Vowel sound ¼b½ so pronounce as „thee‟
the bucket cdSV O;atu ¼c½ dh /ofu gS blfy, n dgsaxsA Consonant sound ¼c½ so pronounce as „the‟
the hour vkoj Loj ¼v½ dh /ofu gS blfy, nh dgsaxsA Vowel sound ¼v½ so pronounce as „thee‟
the MLA ,se ,sy , Loj ¼,s½ dh /ofu gS blfy, nh dgsaxsA Vowel sound ¼,½ so pronounce as „thee‟
the orange vkWjsUt Loj ¼v½ dh /ofu gS blfy, nh dgsaxsA Vowel sound ¼v½ so pronounce as „thee‟
the end ,UM Loj ¼,½ dh /ofu gS blfy, nh dgsaxsA Vowel sound ¼,½ so pronounce as „thee‟
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„The‟ dk iz;ksx dgk¡ ij (Where to use „The‟ ):
Few Cases:
 With unique People/objects. ¼;wuhd yksxksa ;k oLrqvksa ds lkFk tks ,d gh gSa½

The Sun, The Earth, The Moon, The president, The CEO, The world, The sky etc.
 With adjectives referring to a whole group of people.

¼tks fo‛ks’k k iwjs ,d xzqi ;k tkfr dk cks/k djk;½a
The old, The young, The rich, The poor, etc.
 With famous buildings, museums and monuments.

¼izfl) Hkou] laxzgky;ksa o Lekjdksa ds lkFk½
The Taj Mahal, The Qutub Minar, The Lal Quila, The Eiffel Tower, The Globe etc.
 With superlative degrees of an adjective.

¼fdlh fo‛ks’k k dh superlative degrees ds lkFk½
The highest, The most, The lowest, The youngest, The oldest, The poorest etc.
 With ordinal numbers. ¼Øeokpd la[;kvksa ls igys½

The last chapter, The first time, The second occasion, The third member etc.
 With countries whose names include words like kingdom, states or republic.
¼ftu ns‛kksa ds uke esa fdaxMe] LVsV~l ;k fQj fjifCyd vk;sA ½
The United States, The United Kingdom, The Republic of Ireland etc.
 With rivers, canals & oceans. ¼unh] ugj o lkxjksa ds lkFk½

The Gangas, The Nile, The Atlantic, The pecific etc.
 With countries that have plural names.

¼mu ns‛kksa ds lkFk ftuds uke cgqopu gksa ;kfu vUr esa s yxk gks½
The Netherlands, The Philippines etc.
 With the names of families. ¼ifjokjksa ds ukeksa ds lkFk½

The Ranas, The Khans, The Rawats, The Guptas, The Jacksons etc.
 Before the word „only‟ if in the sentence the meaning of „only‟ is „only one‟.
¼the dk iz;ksx only ls igys dsoy rc fd;k tkrk gS tc okD; esa only dk eryc „bdykSrk‟ gks ½
The only son, The only friend, The only batsman etc.
 „The‟ dk iz;ksx „whole‟ ls igys o „all‟ ds ckn gksrk gSA

„The‟ is used before the word „whole‟ and after the word „all‟ .
I am reading whole book. (Incorrect)
I am reading the whole book. (Correct)
All books are kept on the table. (Incorrect)

All the books are kept on the table. (Correct)
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„The‟ dk iz;ksx dgk¡ ij ugha (Where not to use „The‟ ):
Few Cases:
 „The‟ dk iz;ksx fdlh chekjh ds uke ls igys ugha fd;k tkrkA

„The‟ is not used before the name of any disease.
He is suffering from the fever. (Incorrect)

He is suffering from fever. (Correct)
 „The‟ dk iz;ksx fdlh ns‛k ds uke ls igys ugha fd;k tkrkA

„The‟ is not used before the name of any country.
I live in the India. (Incorrect)

I live in India. (Correct)
 „The‟ dk iz;ksx fdlh Hkk’kk ds uke ls igys ugha fd;k tkrkA

„The‟ is not used before the name of any language.
I speak the Hindi. (Incorrect)

I speak Hindi. (Correct)
 „The‟ dk iz;ksx Breakfast, Lunch, Dinner ls igys ugha fd;k tkrkA

„The‟ is not used before Breakfast, Lunch, Dinner.
I had the breakfast at 7 o‟ clock. (Incorrect)

I had breakfast at 7 o‟ clock. (Correct)
 „The‟ dk iz;ksx O;fDrokpd laKk ls igys ugha fd;k tkrkA

„The‟ is not used before proper noun.
The Ram, The Delhi, The India, The Rahul (Incorrect)
vaxzst+h flQZ ,d fo"k; ugha] ,d Hkk"kk Hkh gS vkSj dsoy fu;e lh[k ysuk gh dkQh ugha cfYd izSfDVl djus ls gh
vkidh le> vkSj csgrj gksrh tk;sxhA /kS;Z jf[k, vkSj vius lHkh pSIVj ,d ds ckn ,d iwjh rjg le>rs gq, i<+rs
tkb;sA
English is not only a subject, but also a language, hence you can‟t learn everything just
using certain rules. There is a saying, practice makes a man perfect. We request you to
practice as much as possible. Read newspapers, learn new words, try to use learned
77
Lesson – 14
Prepositions – lEcU/k lwpd vO;;@iwoZlxZ
“Preposition oks ‚kCn ;k ‚kCnksa dk lewg gS tks fdlh laKk ;k loZuke vkSj okD; ds nwljs Hkkx ds chp ds
lEcU/k dks n‛kkZrk gSA vkerkSj ij bls fdlh laKk ;k loZuke ls igys fLFkr fd;k tkrk gSA ,d ckr vkSj] ftl laKk
;k loZuke ds lkFk Preposition dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gS] og laKk ;k loZuke bldk Object dgykrk gSA”
“Preposition is the word or group of words that is generally placed before a noun or a
pronoun to express its relation with other part of the sentence. The noun or pronoun used
with the preposition is called its object.”
Examples:
1. I am coming from Delhi. ¼eSa fnYyh ls vk jgk g¡wA½

;gk¡ ij Preposition gS & “from”. Noun gS & “Delhi”, tks fd “from” dk “object” dgykrk gSA
2. Ram depends on you. ¼jke rqe ij fuHkZj gSA½
;gk¡ ij Preposition gS & “on”. Pronoun gS & “You”, tks fd “on” dk “object” dgykrk gSA
vkb, lHkh Prepositions dks ,d ,d djds i<+sa o le÷ksA
bl pSIVj esa ‚kkfey fd;s x;s okD; vkxs vkus okys pSIVj tSls Simple Sentences, Tenses, Modals,
There, It vkfn ls fy;s x;s gSaA gekjh lykg gS fd vki tc vkus okys bu pSIVjksa dks i<+ ysaxs rks bl pSIVj dks
,d ckj fQj if<+;sxkA blls okD;ksa dks vki vkSj csgrj le÷k ik;saxsA
fu;e (Usage) mnkgj k (Example)

1. I am coming from Dehradun.
¼eSa nsgjknwu ls vk jgk g¡wA½
fdlh txg ls (From some place) 2. They came from park.

¼os ikdZ ls vk;sA½
1. I will work from tomorrow.

¼eSa dy ls dke d#¡xkA½
From fdlh le; ls (Point of time)
¼ls½ 2. Ram will work from 10 o‟ clock.
¼jke nl cts ls dke djsxkA½
1. I heard it from Ram.

fdlh lzksr ls (From any source) ¼eSaus jke ls ;s lqukA½
2. I wrote it from the book.
¼eSaus ;s fdrkc ls fy[kkA½
78
fdlh lrg ls vyx gksukA
vxj eSa dg¡w fd iSu dks Vscy ls mBk yks rks tc iSu
mBk;k tk;sxk rks oks Vscy dh lrg ls vyx gksxkA 1. I picked the mobile off the
blh rjg] ekuk eSa dgw¡ fd cUnj isM+ ls dwnk rks cUnj bed.
isM+ dh lrg dks NksM+sxkA okgu ls mrjus dks “Get ¼eSaus eksckby dks fcLrj ls
off” dgrs gSaA dHkh lkspk gS fd off D;ksa yxk;k\ mBk;kA½
D;ksafd mrjrs oDr ge okgu dh lrg dks NksM+rs gSaA
blh rjg] fdlh gokbZtgkt ds ,;jiksVZ ls mM+us dks 2. I am wiping the dust off
“Take off” dgrs gSaA blfy, D;ksafd ,;jiksVZ ls the screen.
mM+ku Hkjrs oDr gokbZtgkt ,;jiksVZ dh lrg dks ¼eSa LØhu ls /kwy gVk jgk g¡wA½
Off ¼ls½ NksM+rk gSA
3. Monkey jumped off the
Leaving a surface. tree.
It may be a pen leaving the surface of ¼cUnj isM+ ls dwnkA½
table while being picked up, a monkey
leaving the surface of tree while 4. Move the cup off the
jumping from there, we leaving the table.
surface of a vehicle while getting off or ¼Vscy ls di gVk nksA½
a plane leaving the surface of airport
while taking off.

„since‟ dk iz;ksx fuf'pr le; ds lkFk gksrk gS
tc Hkh dHkh okD; esa jgk] jgh] jgs dk iz;ksx Hkh gksA
(„since‟ is used for point of time
when the sentence is in continuous
1. I have been working since
form) mnkgj k &
morning.
1. Since 2 AM/ 2 PM/ 2 o‟ clock/ 3 ¼eSa lqcg ls i<+ jgk g¡wA½
o‟ clock
Since 2. Since 1998/ 2005/ 2009/ 2012
¼ls½ 2. He has been trying since
3. Since Monday, Tuesday,…….,
Monday.
Sunday ¼oks lkseokj ls dksf‛k‛k dj jgk gSA½
4. Since morning/
evening/afternoon/night
5. Since yesterday(dy)/day before
yesterday(ijlksa)
6. Since childhood(cpiu ls)/ Since
birth (tUe ls)
79
¼ls½
„For‟ dk iz;ksx vfuf'pr le; ;kfu le; dh vof/k ds lkFk 1. I have been studying for
gksrk gS tc Hkh dHkh okD; esa jgk] jgh] jgs dk iz;ksx Hkh gksA 2 hours.
¼eSa 2 ?kaVs ls i<+ jgk g¡wA½
(„For‟ is used for duration of time when the
sentence is in continuous form) 2. He has been trying for
1. For 2 seconds/ 2 minutes/ 2 hours / 2 days/ many days.
2 weeks/ 2 months/ 2 years / 2 centuries ¼oks dbZ fnuksa ls dksf‛k‛k dj jgk
2. For a long (dkQh nsj ls) gSA½
3. For a while (dqN nsj ls)
4. For many days/hours/months/years
For ds fy, (For any purpose) 1. I did it for you.
¼eSaus ;s rqEgkjs fy, fd;kAa½
mnkgj k & 2. He came to me for
i<+us ds fy,] ns[kus ds fy,] iSls ds fy,] fdrkc ds fy,A money.
¼oks esjs ikl iSls ds fy, vk;kA½
fdlh pht+ ds cnys dqN vkSj (For exchange) 1. I gave a mobile for Rs.
vxj eSa dg¡w fd eSaus 20 # dh fdrkc [kjhnh rks bldk eryc ;g 500.
gS fd eSaus 20 # ds cnys esa fdrkc yhA lkspks vxj fdlh us eq>s ¼eSaus 500 # esa eksckbZy fn;kAa½
esjs nks eksckbZyksa ds cnys esa eq>s ,d dEI;wVj ns fn;k rks ;g Hkh 2. He bought a pen for Rs.
rks fdlh pht+ ds cnys dqN vkSj ysuk gh gSA 5.
¼mlus 5 # esa ,d iSu [kjhnkA½

¼eas½ le; ds lkFk (With time)
1. I was born in January.
mnkgj k & ¼eSa tuojh esa iSnk gqvk Fkka½
nks lky esa (in 2 years) ] ,d fnu esa (in one day) 2. He will come home in 2015.
2006 esa (in 2006)] 2012 esa (in 2012) ¼oks 2015 esa ?kj vk;sxkA½
xfeZ;ksa esa (in summers)] lfnZ;ksa esa (in winters) 3. I left the company in June
lqcg esa (in the morning)] 'kke esa (in the evening) 2009.
fdlh eghus esa (in any month) ¼eSaus twu 2009 esa dEiuh NksM+hA½
tSls & tuojh esa (in January)] ekpZ esa (in March) 4. I will leave in half an hour.
¼eSa vk/ks ?kaVs esa fudyw¡xkA½
In ¼eas½ cMh txg ds lkFk ¼fdlh ns‛k esa] fdlh 'kgj esa vkfn½
¼eas½ With large places (Country, city, town etc) 1. I live in Delhi.
mnkgj k & ¼eSa fnYyh esa jgrk g¡wAa½
yUnu esa ] 'kkgnjk esa] ckt+kj esa] nsgjknwu esa] fnYyh esaA 2. He will study in America.
(in London, in Shahdara, in Dehradun, in ¼oks vesfjdk esa i<+kbZ djsxkA½
Delhi)
¼eas½ fdlh oLrq ds vUnj
¼eas½ In some object 1. I found no songs in this
mobile.
mnkgj k & ¼eq>s bl eksckbZy esa xkus ugha feysA½
tx esa ] fdrkc esa] eksckby esaaA 2. We have read it in book.
(in Jug, in book, in mobile) ¼geus ;s fdrkc esa i<+k gSA½
80
¼eas½ xfr‛khy voLFkk (motion) 1. Pour the coffee into the cup.
¼dkWQh dks di esa Mkyks½
Into vxj eSa dg¡w fd eSa dejs esa tk jgk g¡w rks vUnj ?kqlrs 2. He is going into the room.
oDr dh fLFkfr dks „into‟ dgsaxs D;ksafd ml oDr eSa ¼oks dejs esa tk jgk gSA½
xfr‛khy voLFkk esa gks ¡xkA

igys
1. This train will reach before
2 cts ls igys] ‚kke ls igys] eq>ls igys] esjs time.
dgus ls igys ¼;g Vªsu le; ls igys igq¡psxhA½
(before 2 o‟ clock, before evening, 2. I will come before you leave.
before me, before I say) ¼eSa rqEgkjs fudyus ls igys vk ¡axkA½
Before lkeus 1. Now I am standing before
vkidks rkTtqc gqvk gksxk D;ksafd lkeus dks rks “in you.
front of” dgrs gSaA ij vc tku yhft, fd ¼vc eSa vkids lkeus [kM+k g¡wA½
before Hkh dgrs gSaA 2. He was sitting before his
dad.
¼ oks vius ikik ds lkeus cSBk FkkA½

ckn esa 1. I will meet you after 10.
¼eSa rqels 10 cts ds ckn fey¡wxkA½
2. I reached after them.

¼eSa muds ckn igq¡pkA½
fdlh ds ihNs iM+uk 1. I was after my professor for

getting some help.
tSls & ¼eSa enn ikus ds fy, vius izksQslj ds
After iqfyl dk pksj ds ihNs iM+uk] fdlh dks ikus ds fy, ihNs iM+ x;k FkkA½
ihNs iM+ukA
2. He was unnecessarily after
Example – that girl.
Police chasing thief, chase someone/ ¼oks csotg ml yM+dh ds ihNs iM+k gqvk
something to acquire. FkkA ½
3. My father has denied thrice
but I am still after him.
¼esjs ikik us rhu ckj euk dj fn;k gS
ij eSa vHkh Hkh muds ihNs iM+k gqvk g¡wA½
81
}kjk (In passive voice) 1. I was stopped by someone.
¼eq>s fdlh ds }kjk jksdk x;kAa½
mnkgj k & 2. He can be sent by his
jke ds }kjk ] fdlh ds }kjkA father.
(by Ram, by someone) ¼mls vius ikik }kjk Hkstk tk ldrk
gSA½
ls
¼fdlh okgu ls lQj djuk½ 1. I travelled by bus.
(travel by some vehicle) ¼eSaus cl ls ;k=k dhAa½
mnkgj k & 2. He is coming by noon flight.
cl ls] dkj ls] Iysu lsA
By (by bus, by car, by plane)
¼oks nksigj dh ¶ykbV ls vk jgk gSA
rd
¼le; ds lkFk&dsoy future indefinite tense esa½ 1. I will leave by 4 o‟ clock.
(With time – only in future indefinite tense) ¼eSa 4 cts rd fudy tk ¡xkA½
mnkgj k & 2. We will finish it by
2 cts rd] lqcg rdA morning.
(by 2 o‟ clock, by morning) ¼ge lqcg rd ;s [kRe dj nsaxsA½
cxy esa
Þcxy esaÞ ds fy, by ds vykok beside, next to, 1. I was standing by him.
¼eSa mlds cxy esa [kM+k FkkA½
adjacent Hkh iz;ksx djrs gSa tks vki vkxs i<+us okys
gSaA

ls 1. I cut the cake with a knife.
¼eSaus pkdw ls dsd dkVkA½
¼fdlh pht dk iz;ksx djds dqN djuk½
2. He wrote the letter with a
(Perform a task with the help of blue pen.
something) ¼ mlus uhys iSu ls i= fy[kkA½
3. He killed the bird with a
mnkgj k &
stone.
pkdw ls] iSu ls] ryokj lsA
¼mlus iRFkj ls fpfM+;k ekjhA½
(with a knife, with a pen, with a sword)
With lkFk 1. I am with Ram in this
matter.
¼fdlh ds lkFk½ ¼bl ekeys esa eSa jke ds lkFk g¡wA½
(accompany someone or something) 2. We will be with you.
¼ge vkids lkFk jgsaxsA½
mnkgj k &
3. My dad went to his office
jke ds lkFk] rqEgkjs lkFk] fdlh oLrq ds lkFk vkfnA
(with Ram, with you, with a thing etc.) with the laptop.
¼esjs ikik vius vkWfQl ySiVkWi ys ds
x;sA½
82
fuf'pr le; ds lkFk (With point of time) 1. I was born at 2.
¼eSa 2 cts iSnk gqvk Fkka½
mnkgj k & 2. He will come home at
nks cts (at 2 o‟ clock) ] 'kke 4 cts (at 4 PM) 10 AM.
¼oks lqcg 10 cts ?kj vk;sxkA½
¼eas@ij½ NksVh txg ds lkFk (with small places)
mnkgj k &
cl LVki esa@ij ] dqlhZ esa@ijA 1. I stayed at a hotel.
¼eSa ,d gksVy esa #dkAa½
(at bus stop, at the chair)
2. He was standing at the
vxj NksVh vkSj cM+h nksuksa txgksa ds ckjs esa crk;k x;k gS rks bus stop.
igys NksVh txg at ds lkFk vkSj fQj cM+h txg in ds lkFk ¼oks cl LVki ij [kM+k FkkA½
fy[ksaxsA vxj eSa dg¡w fd eSa jksfg kh esa jgrk g¡w tks fnYyh esa gS] 3. Rahul works at a
rks /;ku nhft, fd igys NksVh txg Rohini “at” ds lkFk store.
vkSj fQj cM+h txg Delhi “in” ds lkFk fy[ksaxsA dqN bl ¼jkgqy ,d LVksj esa@ij dke
rjg & I live at Rohini in Delhi. ij vxj eSa ;s dg¡w djrk gSA½
fd eSa jksfguh esa jgrk g¡w rks jksfguh vius vki esa ,d cM+h
txg gh gS blfy, eSa dg¡wxk & I live in Rohini.
1. I was there at noon.

At jkr vkSj nksigj ds lkFk (With night/noon) ¼eSa nksigj esa ogk¡ FkkA½
2. We study at night.
¼ge jkr ess i<+rs gSaA½
ewY; crkus esa (to tell the cost of something) 1. This fruit is selling at
Rs. 10 per kg.
¼;g Qy 10 # fdyks fcd jgk
gSA½
2. I am buying onion at
Rs 20 per kg.
¼eSa I;kt+ 10 # fdyks [kjhn jgk
g¡Aw½
fdlh R;ksgkj ;k [kkl volj ij 1. I will come home at

( in any festival / event) Holi.
¼eSa gksyh ij ?kj vk ¡xkA½
mnkgj k & 2. I will come home at
gksyh ij] nhokyh ij] tUefnu ij] ikVhZ esa
Diwali.
(at holi, at diwali, at birthday, at the party) ¼eSa nhokyh ij ?kj vk ¡xkA½
3. He will go there at his
birthday.
¼oks mlds tUefnu ij ogk¡
tk;sxkA½
83
ls ¼fdlh pht+ ds vkj ikj ns[kuk½
(to see through some object) 1. I can see through the
vxj eSa dg¡w fd eSa f[kM+dh ls rqEgsa ns[k jgk g¡w] rks okLro esa glass as it is
eSa f[kM+dh ds ikj gh rks ns[k jgk g¡w D;ksafd eSa bl rjQ g¡w transparent.
vkSj rqe ml rjQA ¼eSa Xykl ls ns[k ldrk g¡w
D;ksafd ;s ikjn‛khZ gSA½
If I am in a room and you are outside. I
am able to watch you through a window. I 2. I can see inside
am this side and you are the other side of through this hole.
the window so it is basically a see ¼eSa bl Nsn ds tfj;s vUnj
through. ns[k ldrk g¡wA½
Through
fdlh ,slh pht ls xqtjuk tks ij] uhps vkSj fdukjksa ls 1. I was passing through
cUn gks a street.
To move through a structure with limits ¼eSa ,d xyh ls xqtj jgk FkkA½
on top, bottom and both sides
tSls& 2. We went through the

fdlh xyh ls xqtjuk & through a street underground way.
¼ge Hkwfexr jkLrs ls x;sA½
fdlh ikbi ls xqtjuk & through a pipe
fdlh ladjs jkLrs ls xqtjuk & through a narrow 3. Water is passing
passage
through this pipe.
¼ikuh bl ikbi ls xqtj jgk gSA½

ds ikj ¼tks fn[k u jgk gks½ (very far; not 1. There is a temple
visible) beyond this mountain.
¼bl igkM+ ds ml ikj ,d efUnj
vxj eSa vkils dgw¡ fd bl igkM+ ds ml ikj ,d efUnj gSA½
gSA efUnj gesa fn[k ugha jgkA
;k fQj eSa iwNw¡ fd uhy unh ds ikj dkSu lk ns‛k gS \ ;gk¡
2. What is there beyond
ij Hkh ns‛k gesa fn[k ugha jgkA ,slh txgksa ij beyond
dk iz;ksx gksrk gSA that river?
¼ml unh ds ikj D;k gS \½
Beyond ,slh pht+ ds ikj ftls Nw ;k ns[k ugha ldrs (beyond 1. There is something
something that is abstract; neither beyond this universe.
touch nor see) ¼bl czgek M ds ikj dqN gSA½
vxj eSa vkils iwNw¡ fd bl thou ds ikj D;k gS \ thou 2. There is nothing beyond
dks Nw ;k ns[k ugha ldrsA ;k fQj eSa dgw¡ fd mEehnksa ds love.
ikj Hkh ,d nqfu;k gSA mEehn dks Hkh ge Nw ;k ns[k ugha ¼I;kj ds ikj dqN ugha gS ;k I;kj
ldrsA
ds cjkcj dqN ugha gSA½
84
fo;k @ok;k ¼ds jkLrs] lss½ 1. This train will go to Delhi via
Kanpur.
CywVwFk ds jkLrs ;k CywVwFk ls] dkuiqj ds jkLrs ;k ¼;g Vªsu dkuiqj ls gksrs gq, fnYyh tk;sxhA½
dkuiqj ls gksrs gq,A
2. I sent him my picture via
Via (via Bluetooth, via Kanpur)
bluetooth.
¼ eSaus mls viuh QkssVks CywVwFk ls HksthA½
3. He came to Delhi via Bijnor.
¼oks fctukSj ds jkLrs fnYyh vk;kA½

Bhd Lkkeus nwljh rjQ
vxj eSa dgw¡ ÞlkeusÞ] rks Opposite, in 1. My home is opposite your
front of ;k before; bu rhuksa esa ls fdlh shop.
dk Hkh iz;ksx fd;k tk ldrk gSA ¼esjk ?kj rqEgkjh nqdku ds Bhd lkeus
gSA½
eSa rqEgkjs lkeus gw¡A 2. He was standing opposite
I am in front of you. you.
I am before you. ¼oks rqEgkjs lkeus [kM+k Fkk½
I am opposite you.
Opposite foijhr ¼mYVk½

1. Ram does opposite what you
vxj eSa dgw¡ fd vki vPNs gks ij jke dgs fd say.
vki vPNs ugha gks] rks bldk eryc gS fd ¼tks rqe dgrs gks jke mldk mYVk djrk
vkids izfr jke dh lksp esjh lksp ds foijhr gSA½
gSA
2. His thinking is opposite
If I say “You are good” but Ram
yours.
says “You are not good”, that
¼mldh lksp rqEgkjh lksp ls Bhd mYVh
means Ram thinks opposite to
gSA½
what I think about you.

1. fyLV esa ijA (up in a list) 1. My name is above
2. ,slh pht ls ij ftls Nw ;k ns[k ugha ldrs tSls your name in the list.
I;kj] bZekunkjh vkfnA (above the abstract ¼esjk uke fyLV esa rqEgkjs uke
noun; such as love, honesty, cruelty ds ij gSA½
etc) 2. Money is above love.
Above ¼iSlk I;kj ls ij gSA ;kfu
¼ ij½ 3. fdlh lrg ds Lrj ls ijA (above the level
iSlk igys] I;kj ckn esa½
of some surface)
3. Only his eyes were
above water.
¼ dsoy mldh vk¡[ks ikuh ds
ij FkhA½
85
fdlh ds uhps ij fcuk iwjh rjg Nq,
1. Ram is hidden under
(Subject & object not fully touched)
the bed.
vxj eSa isM+ ds uhps cSBk g¡w rks isM+ dh lk[k eq>s Nw ¼jke fcLrj ¼[kkV½ ds uhps fNik
ugha jgh gSaA blh rjg vxj eSa Vscy ds uhps fNik gqvk gSA½
gqvk gw¡ rks Vscy eq>s iwjh rjg Nw ugha jgkA gk¡ vxj
eSa dgw¡ fd i= rfd;s ds uhps gS rks blesa i= rfd;s 2. Ram lives under the
dks iwjh rjg Nw jgk gSA ;gk¡ under ugha cfYd roof but Shyam
Under beneath/underneath vk;sxkA doesn‟ t even have a
¼uhps½ house.
If I say I am sitting under the tree, then ¼jke Nr ds uhps jgrk gS ij
the branches of the tree are not touching ';ke ds ikl rks ?kj gh ugha
me. Similarly, I am hidden under the gSA½
table, again the table is not touching me
fully. But, if I say “A letter is under the
pillow.” It would be correct because 3. Mom is sitting under
letter and pillow are being fully touched the tree.
so the correct sentence would be “A ¼eEeh th isM+ ds uhps cSBh gSaA½
letter is beneath/underneath the pillow.”
fdlh ds uhps ij iwjh rjg Nwrs gq, 1. My house is underneath
(Subject & object fully touched) your house.
Beneath/ ¼esjk ?kj vkids ?kj ds uhps gSA½
2. Her photograph is
Underneath beneath my book.
¼uhps½ ¼mldh rLohj esjh fdrkc ds
uhps gSA½
1. fyLV esa uhpsA (below in a list) 1. My name is below your

2. ,slh pht ls uhps ftls Nw ;k ns[k ugha ldrs name in the list.
tSls I;kj] bZekunkjh vkfnA ¼esjk uke fyLV esa rqEgkjs uke
(below the abstract noun; such as ds uhps gSA½
love, honesty, cruelty etc) 2. Money is below love.
Below 3. fdlh lrg ds Lrj ls uhpsA ¼iSlk I;kj ds uhps gSA ;kfu
¼uhps½ (below the level of some surface) I;kj igys] iSlk ckn esa½
3. His mouth was below
water but nose was
above.
¼mldk eq¡g ikuh ds uhps Fkk ij
ukd ijA½
uhps dh fn‛kk dks n‛kkZuk 1. Prices are going

(indicate the downwards down.
Down movement) ¼dhersa uhps tk jgh gaSA½
¼uhps½ 2. Water level is going
down.
¼ikuh dk Lrj uhps tk jgk
gSA ½
86
nks ds chp esa 1. She is sitting
(between two objects) between Yash &
Vaibhav.
Between ¼oks ;‛k vkSj oSHko ds chp esa
cSBh gSA½
¼chp esa½
2. Pen is lying between
two computers.
¼iSu nks dEI;wVjksa ds chp esa
iM+k gqvk gSA ½
nks ls vf/kd ds chp esa] ij rc tc ;s crk;k x;k 1. I was among 50
gks fd fdruksa ds chp esa people.
(more than two objects but given; ¼eSa 50 yksxksa ds chp esa FkkA½
how many)
Among vxj eSa dgw¡ fd jke 20 yksxksa ds chp cSBk gS rks
2. Her photograph was
;gk¡ ij crk;k x;k gS fd yksx fdrus gSaA blfy, eSa
¼chp esa½ among dk iz;ksx d#¡xkA ij ;fn eSa dgw¡ fd jke kept among 3 other
dqN yksxksa ds chp cSBk gS rks ;gk¡ ij crk;k ugha items.
¼mldh rLohj rhu vkSj phtksa
x;k gS fd yksx fdrus gSaA blfy, eSa among dk
ds chp j[kh gqbZ FkhA½
ugha cfYd amongst dk iz;ksx d#¡xkA
nks ls vf/kd ds chp esa] ij rc tc ;s crk;k ugha 1. I was amongst the
x;k gks fd fdruksa ds chp esa crowd.
(more than two objects but not ¼eSa HkhM+ ds chp FkkA@eSa HkhM+ esa
Amongst given; how many) Fkk½
;s dguk fd eSa HkhM+ ds chp esa gw¡] ;g ugha crkrk
¼chp esa½ 2. My dad was amongst
fd yksx fdrus gSa blfy, gesa amongst dk iz;ksx
djuk gksxkA many people.
¼esjs ikik dbZ yksxksa ds chp FksA½

ckgj fudyuk] fdlh txg dks NksM+uk 1. I am getting out of my
(to go out/leave some place) home.
¼eSa ?kj ls ckgj fudy jgk g¡wA½
2. He has gone out of Delhi.

¼og fnYyh ls ckgj tk pqdk gSA½
bruh la[;k esa ls 1. Rahul scored 90 out of

Out of (out of certain numbers) 100.
¼jkgqy us 100 esa ls 90 uEcj izkIr
fd;sA½
2. There are only 2

students out of 15.
¼ 15 esa ls dsoy 2 gh fo/kkFkhZ gSaA½
87
ij ;k ij] j[kk gqvk gksuk
,d cM+s object ds ij ,d NksVs object dk j[kk gksuk

1. Pen is kept on the table.
(a smaller object on a bigger one) ¼iSu Vscy ij j[kk gqvk gSA½
tSls &
2. Rohit is sitting on the
eksckby dk Vscy ds ij j[kk gksukA eksckby Vscy dh rqyuk Elephant.
esa ,d NksVk object gSA ¼jksfgr gkFkh ds ij cSBk gqvk gSA ½
iSu dk fdrkc ds ij gksukA iSu fdrkc dh rqyuk esa ,d

NksVk object gSA
On Day vkSj Date ds lkFk 1. I went on Sunday.
¼eSa laMs dks x;kA½
On Monday, Tuesday,……., Sunday etc
On 25th Aug, on 15th, on 20th etc. 2. He came on 20th Dec‟ 12.
¼oks 20 fnlEcj 2012 dks vk;k½
fdlh rjQ ( certain side) 1. I was standing on the

tSls & nk¡;h rjQ (on the right) right.
ck¡;h rjQ (on the left) ¼eSa nk¡;h vksj [kM+k FkkA½
2. I was standing on the left.
¼eSa ck¡;h vksj [kM+k FkkA½

ij
,d NksVs object dk ij dh fn‛kk esa xfr‛khy

gksdj ds ,d cMs object ds ij vkuk
(a smaller object showing upwards 1. I jumped onto the horse.
movement to come on a bigger object)
¼eSa dwn dj ?kksM+s ij cSB x;kA½
Upon/
vxj eSa dgw¡ fd ,d fcYyh Vscy ds ij dwnh rks 2. Broom came upon the
Onto fcYyh us ij dh rjQ Nyk¡x yxkbZ fQj oks Vscy ds table by itself.
ij vk x;hA ¼>kM+w vius vki Vscy ij vk x;kA ½
,d vkSj ckrA ekuk fd ,d cUnj t+ehu ij cSBk Fkk
vkSj mlus ij dh vksj Nyk¡x yxkbZ vkSj isM+ ds ij
vk x;kA
88
fo#)] fojks/k esa (opposite) Why is Ram against you?
Against ¼jke rqEgkjs fo#) D;ksa gS\½
ckjs esa He is talking about me.
About ¼oks esjs ckjs esa ckr dj jgk gSA½
dk (show the relation) He is the brother of Ram.
Of ¼oks jke dk HkkbZ gSA½
dks ¼fdlh txg dks½ 1. I am going to school.
¼eSa Ldwy tk jgk gw¡A½
,d txg ls nwljh txg dks
To 2. Seeta is coming to our
From one place to another home.
¼lhrk gekjs ?kj vk jgh gSA½
dh rjQ 1. I am going towards
vxj eSa dgww¡ fd eSa Ldwy dh rjQ tk jgk gw¡ rks school.
;s t+#jh ugha fd eSa Ldwy tk ¡A gks ldrk gS ¼eSa Ldwy dh rjQ tk jgk gw¡A½
fd Ldwy ds jkLrs esa gh vkxs esjs nksLr dk ?kj
Towards Hkh gks vkSj eSa ogha tk jgk gw¡A blfy, „to 2. He was coming towards
school‟ eryc Ldwy tkuk vkSj „towards you.
school‟ eryc Ldwy dh rjQ tkuk ij irk ¼oks rqEgkjh rjQ vk jgk FkkA½
ugha dgk¡A
ij fcuk Nq, (Above without 1. I jumped over the rope.
touch) ¼eSa jLlh ds ij ls dwnkA½
2. There is a roof over our
heads.
Over ¼gekjs flj ds ij Nr gSA½
3. There is a bridge over
the river.
¼unh ds ij ,d iqy gSA½
le;kof/k ds vUnj 1. I will come within 5
Within a time period minutes.
¼eSa 5 feuV esa vk tk ¡xkA½
Within 2. He has come back
within just 2 days.
¼ oks 2 fnu esa gh okil vk x;k
gSA½
rqyuk ds fy, iz;ksx gksrk gSA 1. I am better than you.
(used for comparison) ¼eSa rqels csgrj gw¡A½
Than 2. We are taller than he.
¼ge mlls yEcs gSaA½
lkjk] iwjk 1. I loved him/ her
tSls & lkjs fnu Hkj] iwjh ft+Unxh Hkj throughout my life.
Throughout the day, throughout ¼eSaus ft+Unxh Hkj mls I;kj fd;kA½
Throughout the life 2. We worked throughout
the night.¼ geus jkr Hkj dke
fd;kA½
89
fcuk 1. I am nothing without
Without you.
¼eSa rqEgkjs fcuk dqN ugha gw¡A½
ij 1. Prices are rising up.
¼dhersa c<+ jgha gSaA½
Up
2. Baloon is going up.
¼xqCckjk ij tk jgk gSA½
ij dh rjQ 1. He threw the stone
Upwards upwards.
mlus iRFkj ij dh rjQ QsadkA
uhps dh rjQ 1. He threw the stone
Downwards downwards.
mlus iRFkj uhps dh rjQ QsadkA
igys ¼le; ds lkFk½ 1. He came 2 years ago.
¼oks 2 lky igys vk;kA½
2. Ram had done B. Tech 6
Ago years ago.
¼jke us ch Vsd 6 lky igys fd;k
FkkA½
vUnj dh rjQ] fdlh cUn vk—fr ds vUnjA 1. What is inside the
(be in an enclosed structure) computer?
vxj eSa dg¡w fd vki ?kj ds vUnj gSa rks Hkh vki ¼dEI;wVj ds vUnj D;k gS \½
“inside” gh gSa D;ksafd ?kj Hkh ,d cUn vk—fr gSA
Inside
Home is also a kind of enclosed 2. He was inside and I was
structure so if you are in, means you outside.
are actually inside. ¼ oks vUnj Fkk vkSj eSa ckgj FkkA½
ckgj dh rjQ] fdlh cUn vk—fr ls ckgjA 1. He was standing outside
(be out of an enclosed structure) the home.
¼oks ?kj ds ckgj [kM+k FkkA½
Outside 2. He was outside the school
premises.
¼ oks Ldwy ifjlj ds ckgj FkkA½
Next to, cxy esa oks esjs cxy esa [kMk FkkA
Adjacent, He was standing next to me.
Beside, He was standing adjacent me.
By He was standing beside/by me.
ihNs 1. I was behind Ram in the
queue.
¼eSa ykbu esa jke ds ihNs FkkA½
Behind 2. There is nobody standing
behind him.
¼mlds ihNs dksbZ ugha [kM+k gSA½
90
vkxs( 1. I was ahead of Ram in the
yksx vDlj confuse jgrs gSa fd in front of vkSj queue.
ahead dk iz;ksx dgk¡ ij djuk gSA lkspks vki ,d ¼eSa ykbu esa jke ds vkxs FkkA½
ykbu esa [kM+s gS vkSj vkids vkxs ,d vkneh [kM+k gS]
Ahead mldh ihB vkidh rjQ gS blfy, oks vkids vkxs gS] 2. There is no one standing
of bls ahead dgsaxs vkSj vki mlds ihNs ;kfu ahead of him.
BehindA ij vxj vki fdlh ls ckr dj jgs gSa ¼mlds vkxs dksbZ ugha [kM+k gSA½
mldks ns[krs gq, rks vki mlds in front of ;kfu
lkeus gSaA
dks NksM+dj] ds vYkkok 1. This shop opens every day
except Sunday.
¼;g nqdku jfookj dks NksM+dj lHkh
fnu [kqyrh gSA½
Except 2. I can scold anyone except
you.
¼rqEgkjs vykok eSa fdlh dks Hkh Mk¡V
ldrk gw¡A½
ds vfrfjDr (Extra) 1. Do you eat anything else

besides this?
Besides ¼blds vfrfjDr dqN vkSj [kkrs gks
D;k \½
ds nkSjku ( in a particular duration of 1. I was in Delhi during

time) vacations.
¼NqV~fV;ksa ds nkSjku eSa fnYyh esa FkkA½
2. We can meet Sachin during
During the break.
¼ge czsd ds nkSjku lfpu ls fey
ldrs gSaA½
rd 1. I will work till 9.

¼eSa 9 cts rd dke d#¡xkA½
le; ds lkFk] fnu ds lkFk vkfnA 2. We stayed till Monday.
Till/ with time, with a day etc. ¼ge lkseokj rd BgjsA½
Until 3. I was there until Saturday.
¼eSa 'kfuokj rd ogk¡ FkkA½
rd 1. I just went up to Dehradun.

¼eSa cl nsgjknwu rd x;kA½
fdlh nwjh rd (up to certain distance) ;k 2. Seeta ran up to 5 kms.
fdlh txg rd (up to certain place) ;k ¼lhrk 5 fdyksehVj rd nkSM+hA½
Up to fdlh mez rd (up to certain age) 3. You shouldn‟t keep mobile
up to 18.
¼rqEgsa 18 dh mez rd eksckbZy ugha
j[kuk pkfg,A½
91
pkjksa vksj 1. People were around me, yet I was
(covered in all the lonely.
directions) ¼yksx esjs pkjksa vksj Fks] fQj Hkh eSa rUgk FkkA½
Around
2. The Earth is revolving around
the Sun.
¼i`Foh lw;Z ds pkjksa vksj ?kwe jgh gSA½
lkFk esa 1. Will you come along?
(with a person/thing) ¼D;k rqe lkFk vkvksxs \½
Along
2. You will get this pen along the
mobile.
¼rqEgsa ;s iSu eksckby ds lkFk feysxkA½
fdukjs lkFk esa 1. There is a road alongside the

river.
tSls & ¼unh ds lkFk lkFk ,d jksM gSA½
unh ds lkFk esa yxh gqbZ ,d jksM
(A road alongside the river)
Alongside 2. A truck is parked alongside the
lM+d ds fdukjs lkFk esa yxh gqbZ ,d road.
dkj ¼jksM ds fdukjs ,d Vªd [kM+k gSA½
(A car parked alongside the
road)
ds ikj ¼fdlh pht+ ds ikj½ 1. Can you swim across the river?
(across something) ¼D;k rqe unh rSj dj ikj dj ldrs gks \½
2. There was a man standing across

Across the road.
¼,d vkneh lM+d ds ikj [kM+k FkkA½
3. My shop is across the road.

¼esjh nqdku lM+d ds ml ikj gSA½

Dear students,
Aditya Sir
92
Lesson – 15
Determiners ¼fMVjfeulZ½ & fu/kkZjd
Determiners ,sls ‚kCn gksrs gSa tks fdlh okD; esa laKk ls rqjar igys iz;ksx fd;s tkrs gSa vkSj bl ckr
dk fu/kkZj k djrs gSa fd fdldh ckr gks jgh gS ;k fQj fdruh ckr gks jgh gSA pw¡fd ;g Hkh laKk ds ckjs esa
dqN vfrfjDr lwpuk nsrs gSa blhfy, ;s Hkh fo‛ks’k k dgykrs gSaA
A Determiner is a word that is placed just before a noun to give additional
information about that noun and that‟ s why they are also classified as
Adjectives.
eku yhft, vki dguk pkgrs gSa „;g yM+dk jke gSA‟ ;gk¡ ij „yM+dk‟ ,d laKk gSA „yM+dk‟ ls rqjar igys
„;g‟ dk iz;ksx fd;k x;k gSA „;g‟ ,d Determiner gS D;ksafd ;s bl ckr dks fu/kkZfjr djrk gS fd fdl
yM+ds dh ckr gks jgh gS & bl yM+ds dh ;k ml yM+ds dhA
bl yM+ds dh ckr gks jgh gS blfy, vki „;g yM+dk‟ dgrs gSa ojuk vxj ml yM+ds dh ckr gks jgh gksrh
rks vki „og yM+dk‟ dgrsA
blh rjg]
vxj ,d yM+ds dh ckr gks jgh gksrh rks vki dgrs & A boy v ckW;
vxj fdlh fo‛ks’k yM+ds dh ckr gks jgh gksrh rks vki dgrs & The boy n ckW;
vxj lHkh yM+dksa dh ckr gks jgh gksrh rks vki dgrs & All the boys vkWy n ckWbt+
vxj 5 yM+dksa dh ckr gks jgh gksrh rks vki dgrs & 5 boys Qkbo ckWbt+
ij fn;s x;s okD;ksa esa Determiners gSa & A, The, All, 5
Determiners ds pkj izdkj gSa (Determiners are of four types):
1. Articles (A, An, The)
A/An - v@,su
The - n ;k nh
vki „Articles‟ pSIVj esa buds ckjs esa i<+ pqds gSa fd fdlh Hkh laKk ls rqjar igys fdl rjg vkSj dc iz;ksx fd;s tkrs gSa]
;s Hkh Determiners gSaA
You‟ ve already read about Articles & its usage just before a noun, these are also
known as Determiners.
2. Demonstratives (This, That, These, Those)
vaxzst+h esa This, That, These vkSj Those dks Demonstratives dgrs gSaA
This, That, These and Those are called Demonstratives.
This - fnl & ;g] ;s ¼,d O;fDr ds fy, iz;ksx gksrk gSA½
That - nSV & og] os] oks ¼,d O;fDr ds fy, iz;ksx gksrk gSA½
These- nht+ & ;g] ;s ¼,d ls T+;knk O;fDr;ksa ds fy, iz;ksx gksrk gSA½
Those- nkst+ & og] os] oks ¼,d ls T+;knk O;fDr;ksa ds fy, iz;ksx gksrk gSA½
93
;s demonstratives nks rjg ls iz;ksx esa vkrs gSa & loZuke dh rjg ;k fQj determiners dh rjgA
These demonstratives are used as - either Pronoun or Determiners.
tc fdlh laKk ls rqjar igys iz;ksx fd;s x;s gksa rks ;s Determiners dgykrs gSaA vkSj tc Hkh fcuk laKk ds iz;ksx
fd;s tk;sa rks ;s Pronouns dgykrs gSaA
If a demonstrative is followed by a noun it modifies, it‟ s called a determiner;
however, if it‟ s not followed by a noun, it‟ s called a pronoun.
le÷kus dk iz;kl dfj, &

Try to understand –
This is a book. loZuke dh rjg (As a Pronoun)

bl okD; esa this ds rqjar ckn dksbZ laKk ugha gSA blfy, this ,d demonstrative pronoun gSA
In this sentence, „this‟ is not followed by any noun, hence it‟ s a demonstrative
pronoun here.
This book is mine. Determiner dh rjg (As a Determiner)

bl okD; esa this ds rqjar ckn book dk iz;ksx gqvk gS tks fd ,d laKk gSA blfy, this ,d demonstrative
determiner gSA
Here, „this‟ is followed by „book‟ , which is a noun, hence it‟ s a demonstrative
determiner here.
dqN mnkgj k (Few Examples)

I love this. loZuke dh rjg (As a Pronoun) (not followed by a noun)
This is a cute baby. loZuke dh rjg (As a Pronoun) (not followed by a noun)
These are my books. loZuke dh rjg (As a Pronoun) (not followed by a noun)
That man is my dad. Determiner dh rjg (As a Determiner) (followed by a noun: MAN)
Those people are mad. Determiner dh rjg (As a Determiner)(followed by a noun: PEOPLE)
3. Possessives (His, Her, Your, Our, My, Their, its)
His, Her, Your, Our, My, Their, Its dks determiners dgrs gSaA bu ‚kCnksa ds rqjar ckn ges‛kk ,d laKk
gksrh gSA
His, Her, Your, Our, My, Their, Its are known as determiners. These words are always
followed by a noun.
mnkgj k (Example):
His friend is a teacher.

My brother will not go.
Our books are kept on the table.
Their parents were not present.
94
4. Quantifiers
Quantifiers ,sls ‚kCn ;k ‛kCnksa dk lewg gksrs gSa tks fdlh laKk ls rqjar igys iz;ksx fd;s tkrs gSa o laKk dh ek=k
(amount) ds ckjs esa crkrs gSaA
Quantifiers are Such words or group of words, which are used before a noun to
indicate the amount or quantity of that noun.
1. Few FkksM+k] dqN ¼ftUgsa fxuk tk ldrk gS½ tSls dqN yM+ds] dqN cPps vkfnA Few boys
2. Less, Little FkksM+k] dqN ¼ftUgsa fxuk ugha tk ldrk½ tSls FkksM+k ikuh] dqN iSVªksy vkfnA Little water
3. Some FkksM+k] dqN ¼nksuksa ds lkFk & ftUgsa fxuk tk ldrk gS vkSj ftUgsa fxuk ugha tk ldrk½ Some boys/
water
4. Any dksbZ] dqN ¼nksuksa ds lkFk & ftUgsa fxuk tk ldrk gS vkSj ftUgsa fxuk ugha tk ldrk½ Any boys/water
uksV & „some‟ dk iz;ksx izk;% ldkjkRed okD;ksa esa tcfd „any‟ dk iz;ksx izk;% udkjkRed okD;ksa esa gksrk gSA
Note: „some‟ is mostly used in positive sentences while „any‟ is often used in negative sentences.
5. Every gj dksbZ Every person/Every book/Every boy

6. All lHkh] lc All the friends/All the people/All the books
7. Each izR;sd] gj ,d Each friend/Each book/Each boy
8. Both nksuksa Both the friends/Both the books
9. Enough dkQh Enough money/Enough people
10. Full iwjk Full glass
11. Half (1/2) vk/kk Half the glass
12. Quarter(1/4) ,d pkSFkkbZ Quarter the glass
13. Whole iwjk Whole world/Whole the day
14. More T+;knk ¼nksu ksa ds lkFk & ftUgsa f xuk tk ldrk gS o ftUgsa fxuk ugha tk ldrk½ More boys/water
15. Less de ¼ftUgsa fxuk ugha tk ldrk½ Less water
16. Many dbZ ¼ftUgsa fxuk tk ldrk gS½ Many boys
17. Much T+;knk ¼ftUgsa fxuk ugha tk ldrk gS½ Much water
18. 1,2,3,4,5 etc ,d] nks] rhu] pkj] ik¡p vkfnA 2 friends/ 2 laptops/ 50 people etc

Dear students,
Aditya Sir
95
Lesson – 16
Simple Sentences ¼ljy okD;½
“ljy okD; mUgsa dgrs gSa ftuesa ;k rks fØ;k gksrh gh ugha vkSj vxj gksrh Hkh gS rks Subject ml fØ;k
dks ugha djrkA”
“Simple Sentences are those in which either there is no action (verb) at all or even if there
is an action, Subject doesn‟t perform that action.”
vxj ge dgsa fd “jke vPNk yM+dk gSA” Subject gS jkeA D;k jke dksbZ dke dj jgk gS? ughaA jke ds
ckjs esa rks flQZ crk;k x;k gS fd oks vPNk yM+dk gS blfy, ;s ,d Simple Sentence gSA blesa dksbZ
fØ;k ugha gSA vkb,] vc nwljk okD; ns[krs gSa Þfdrkc Vscy ij j[kh gqbZ gSÞA bl okD; esa Subject gS
fdrkc vkSj Þj[kukÞ ,d fØ;k gSA Hkys gh bl okD; esa fØ;k gS ij D;k Subject bl fØ;k dks dj jgk gS?
ugha D;ksafd fdrkc rks [kqn j[kh gqbZ gS] oks dksbZ dke ugha dj ldrh blfy, ;s Hkh ,d Simple
Sentence gSA ,d vkSj okD; nsf[k,& Þjke fdrkc i<+ jgk gSAÞ bl okD; esa Subject gS jke vkSj Þi<+ukÞ
,d fØ;k gSA D;k Subject bl fØ;k dks dj jgk gS? gk¡] i<+us dk dke jke gh rks dj jgk gS tks fd bl
okD; dk Subject gSA ;kfu ;s Simple Sentence ugha gSA ;s rks ,d Tense Sentence gS tks fd
vki vkxs vkus okys pSIVj esa i<+saxsA
If we say „Ram is a good boy‟. Subject is Ram. Is Ram doing something? No, subject is
performing no action, means there is no verb, hence it‟s a simple sentence. Let‟s see
another example „Book is kept on the table‟. Subject is „book‟ & verb is to „keep‟. Is
subject doing something? No. Book itself is kept, hence it can‟t perform an action. So this
is also a simple sentence. Let‟s see one more sentence – „Ram is reading the book‟. In
this sentence, Subject is „Ram‟ & verb is to „read‟. Since Ram is performing the action of
„reading‟, hence it‟s not a simple sentence. It‟s actually a tense, which you will be taught
in later respective lesson.
vkWfM;ks ySDpj Hkh /;kuiwoZd lqfu, rkfd csgrj le÷k ldsaA
dqN mnkgj k (Few examples):
D;k okD; esa

okD; dksbZ fØ;k gS\ Li"Vhdj k
Subject Explanation
Sentence Is there a
verb?
lanhi ds ckjs esa flQZ crk;k x;k gSA lanhi dksbZ fØ;k ugha dj
fØ;k ugha gSA jgkA
lanhi esjk HkkbZ gSA lanhi
No verb Only been told about Sandeep, he is
performing no task (verb).
fØ;k ugha gSA Subject gS ÞrqeÞ ij Subject dksbZ dke ugha dj jgkA
rqe esjs dkSu gks \ rqe
No verb
fØ;k ugha gSA mlds ckjs esa flQZ crk;k x;k gS fd mlds ikl iSu gSA oks dksbZ
mlds ikl iSu gSA oks dke ugha dj jgk gSA
No verb
96
cPps vPNs FksA cPps fØ;k ugha gSA cPpksa ds ckjs esa flQZ crk;k gSA cPps dksbZ dke ugha dj jgsA
fØ;k gS & lksuk fØ;k rks gS ij D;k Subject fØ;k dks dj jgk gS \ ugha
jke lks;k gqvk gSA jke Verb is there D;ksafd oks rks [kqn gh lks;k gqvk gS] oks dke ugha dj jgkA
- Sleep
esjs ckjs esa flQZ crk;k x;k gSA eSa dksbZ dke ugha dj jgkA
fØ;k ugha gSA Only been told about me, I am performing
esjs nks HkkbZ FksA eSa
No verb no task(verb).
fØ;k ugha gSA veu ds ckjs esa flQZ crk;k x;k gSA veu dksbZ dke ugha dj
veu ?kj ij gksxkA veu jgkA
No verb
Simple Sentences rhu rjg ds gksrs gSa& (Simple Sentences are of three types):
1. Simple Present – bu okD;ksa ds vUr esa gS] gSa] gks] g¡w dk iz;ksx gksrk gSA
2. Simple Past – bu okD;ksa ds vUr esa Fkk] Fks] Fkh dk iz;ksx gksrk gSA
3. Simple Future – bu okD;ksa ds vUr esa gksxk dk iz;ksx gksrk gSA
Simple Present
Category I : Helping Verb – Is/Am/Are
igpku & bu okD;ksa ds vUr esa gS] gSa] gks] gw¡ dk iz;ksx gksrk gSA
Third Person Singular Subject ds lkFk & Is

I (First Person Singular Subject) ds lkFk & Am
ckdh lHkh Subjects ds lkFk & Are
¼vxj First Person, Second Person ;k Third Person ds Singular-Plural dkWUlsIV esa dksbZ fnDdr gks rks
Lesson-2 nksckjk if<+,A½
Hindi
English Sentence Comment
Sentence
jke ,d vPNk Subject (Ram) „Third Person Singular‟ gS blfy, is
yM+dk gSA Ram is a good boy. dk iz;ksx gqvk gSA
Subject (People) „Third Person Plural‟ gS blfy,
Ykksx ikxy gSaA People are mad.
are dk iz;ksx gqvk gSA
ge yksx rqEgkjs We people are Subject (We People) „First Person Plural‟ gS blfy,
lkFk gSaA with you. are dk iz;ksx gqvk gSA
Subject (All) „Third Person Plural‟ gS blfy, are dk
lHkh esjs fiz; gSaA All are my dear.
iz;ksx gqvk gSA
eSa rqEgkjs fy, “I” First Person Singular subject gS blfy, blds lkFk
I am good for you.
vPNk gw¡A “am” dk iz;ksx gqvk gSA
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pkjksa izdkj ds okD; (Sentences)
Sentence ds izdkj mnkgj k 1 mnkgj k 2 mnkgj k 3

(Sentence Type) Example-1 Example-2 Example-3
yksx ikxy gSaA
Affirmative jke ,d vPNk yM+dk gSA eSa rqEgkjs fy, vPNk gw¡ A
People are
¼ldkjkRed½ Ram is a good boy. I am good for you.
mad.
jke ,d vPNk yM+dk ugha gSA yksx ikxy ugha gSaA
Negative eSa rqEgkjs fy, vPNk ugha gw¡ A
Ram is not a good People are not
¼udkjkRed½ I am not good for you.
boy. mad.
D;k yksx ikxy gSa \
Interrogative D;k jke ,d vPNk yM+dk gS\ D;k eSa rqEgkjs fy, vPNk gw¡wWa\
Are People
¼iz‛uokpd½ Is Ram a good boy? Am I good for you ?
mad?
D;k yksx ikxy ugha
Negative D;k jke ,d vPNk yM+dk D;k eSa rqEgkjs fy, vPNk ugha gSa \
Interrogative ugha gS\ gw¡\
Are People not
¼udkjkRed iz‛uokpd½ Is Ram not a good boy? Am I not good for you ?
mad?
vxj okD; esa dksbZ WH family gS tSls & dSls (How), D;ksa (Why), dc (When) dgk¡ (Where) vkfn rks oks
Interrogative Sentences ds ‚kq#vkr esa yxsxh vkSj mlds rqjar ckn helping verb dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA
Hindi Sentence English Sentence

eSa rqEgkjs fy, vPNk D;ksa gw¡ \ Why am I good for You?
Ykksx ,sls D;ksa gSa \ Why are people so?
cPps fdlds lkFk gSa \ With whom are children?
Category II : Helping Verb – Has/Have
igpku & bu okD;ksa ds vUr esa ikl gS ;k fQj HkkbZ@cgu@nksLr vkfn gSa dk iz;ksx gksrk gSA
Third Person Singular Subject ds lkFk & Has

ckdh Subjects ds lkFk & Have
Hindi English
Explanation
Sentence Sentence
iwtk ds ikl ,d Subject (Pooja) „Third Person Singular Subject‟
Pooja has a book.
fdrkc gSA gS blfy, has dk iz;ksx gqvk gSA
Subject (I) „First Person Singular Subject‟ gS
esjs nks HkkbZ gSaA I have two brothers.
blfy, have dk iz;ksx gqvk gSA
Kuldeep has one Subject (Kuldeep) „Third Person Singular
dqYnhi dk ,d HkkbZ gSA
brother. Subject‟ gS blfy, has dk iz;ksx gqvk gSA
esjh lkl ds nks HkkbZ My mother in law Subject (My mother in law) „Third Person
gSaA has two brothers. Singular Subject‟ gS blfy, has dk iz;ksx gqvk gSA
esjs ikik ds 5 HkkbZ gSaA My father has five Subject (My father) „Third Person Singular
brothers. Subject‟ gS blfy, has dk iz;ksx gqvk gSA
98
Negative Sentences : Doesn‟ t have/Don‟ t have ¼ikl ugha gS½
„Third Person Singular Subject‟ ds lkFk - Doesn‟ t have dk iz;ksx

ckdh Subjects ds lkFk - Don‟ t have dk iz;ksx
Hindi Sentence English Sentence Explanation

Subject (Ram) „Third Person
jke ds ikl fdrkc ugha gSA Ram doesn‟ t have a book. Singular Subject‟ gS blfy, doesn‟ t
have dk iz;ksx gqvk gSA
Subject (I) „First Person Singular
esjs nks HkkbZ ugha gSaA I don‟ t have two brothers. Subject‟ gS blfy, don‟ t have dk iz;ksx
gqvk gSA
Subject (He/She) „Third Person
mldh rhu cgusa ugha gSaA He/She doesn‟ t have three Singular Subject‟ gS blfy, doesn‟ t
sisters.
have dk iz;ksx gqvk gSA
Sentence ds izdkj mnkgj k 1 mnkgj k 2

(Sentence Type) Example-1 Example-2
jke ds ikl fdrkc gSA esjs nks HkkbZ gSAa
Affirmative ¼ldkjkRed½
Ram has a book. I have two brothers.
jke ds ikl fdrkc ugha gSA esjs nks HkkbZ ugha gaSA
Negative ¼udkjkRed½ Ram doesn‟ t have a book. I don‟ t have two brothers.
D;k jke ds ikl fdrkc gS \ D;k esjs nks HkkbZ gSa \
Interrogative ¼iz‛uokpd½ Does Ram have a book ? Do I have two brothers?
Negative Interrogative D;k jke ds ikl fdrkc ugha gS \ D;k esjs nks HkkbZ ugha gaS \
¼udkjkRed iz‛uokpd½ Does Ram not have a book ? Do I not have two brothers?
jke ds ikl fdrkc D;ksa ugha gS \ esjs fdrus HkkbZ gSa \
With „Wh‟ family Why does Ram not have a How many brothers do I
book ? have?
Simple Past
Category I : Helping Verb – Was/Were
igpku & bu okD;ksa ds vUr esa Fkk] Fks] Fkh dk iz;ksx gksrk gSA
Singular Subject ds lkFk & Was Plural Subject ds lkFk & Were
Hindi Sentence English Sentence Explanation

jke ,d vPNk yM+dk Subject (Ram) „Singular Subject‟ gS blfy,
Ram was a good boy.
FkkA was dk iz;ksx gqvk gSA
Subject (All) „Plural Subject‟ gS blfy,
lc ikxy Fks A All were mad.
were dk iz;ksx gqvk gSA
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eSa ges‛kk rqEgkjs lkFk Fkk A I was always with „I‟ s ,d „Singular subject‟ gS blfy, was dk
you. iz;ksx gqvk gSA
All were my Subject (All) „Plural Subject‟ gS blfy,
lHkh esjs nq‛eu FksA
enemies. were dk iz;ksx gqvk gSA

jke ,d vPNk yM+dk FkkA eSa rqEgkjk nksLr FkkA
Ram was a good boy. I was your friend.
jke ,d vPNk yM+dk ugha FkkA eSa rqEgkjk nksLr ugha FkkA
Negative ¼udkjkRed½ Ram was not a good boy. I was not your friend.
D;k jke ,d vPNk yM+dk Fkk \ D;k eSa rqEgkjk nksLr Fkk \
Interrogative ¼iz‛uokpd½ Was Ram a good boy ? Was I your friend ?
Negative Interrogative D;k jke ,d vPNk yM+dk ugha Fkk \ D;k eSa rqEgkjk nksLr ugha Fkk \
¼udkjkRed iz‛uokpd½ Was Ram not a good boy ? Was I not your friend.
dqN egRoiw kZ tkudkjh & vxj okD; esa dksbZ WH family tSls & dSls (How), D;ksa (Why), dc (When)
dgk¡ (Where) vkfn dk iz;ksx gks rks oks Interrogative Sentence ds ‚kq#vkr esa yxrk gSA vkSj mlds rqjar
ckn helping verb dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA

eSa rqEgkjs lkFk D;ksa ugha Fkk \ Why was I not with You ?
Ykksx ogk¡ dc ls Fks \ From when were people there?
jke ?kj ij D;ksa ugha Fkk \ Why was Ram not at home?
rqe ml le; dgk¡ Fks \ Where were you that time?
Category II : Helping Verb – Had

igpku & bu okD;ksa ds vUr esa ikl Fkk ;k fQj HkkbZ@cgu@nksLr vkfn Fks dk iz;ksx gksrk gSA
Subject pkgs ‟ Singular‟ gks ;k ‟ Plural‟ , ldkjkRed okD;ksa (Affirmative Sentences) esa „Had‟ dk gh iz;ksx
gksrk gS vkSj udkjkRed okD;ksa (Negative Sentences) esaa „didn‟ t have‟ dkA

iq"dj vady ds ikl ,d fdrkc FkhsA Pushkar uncle had a book.
iadt ds nks HkkbZ ugha Fks A Pankaj didn‟ t have two brothers.
esjs ikl dqN ugha FkkA I had nothing. / I didn‟ t have anything.
lHkh yksxksa ds ikl ySiVkWi ugha FksA All the people didn‟ t have laptops.
100

jke ds ikl ,d fdrkc FkhA esjs nks HkkbZ FksA
Ram had a book. I had two brothers.
jke ds ikl fdrkc ugha FkhA esjs nks HkkbZ ugha FksA
Negative ¼udkjkRed½ Ram didn‟ t have a book. I didn‟ t have two brothers.
D;k jke ds ikl fdrkc Fkh \ D;k esjs nks HkkbZ Fks \
Interrogative ¼iz‛uokpd½ Did Ram have a book ? Did I have two brothers?
D;k esjs nks HkkbZ ugha Fks \
Negative Interrogative D;k jke ds ikl fdrkc ugha Fkh \
Did I not have two
¼udkjkRed] iz‛uokpd½ Did Ram not have a book ?
brothers?
jke ds ikl fdrkc D;ksa ugha Fkh \ esjs fdrus HkkbZ Fks\
With „Wh‟ family Why Did Ram not have a How many brothers did I
book ? have?
Simple Future
Category I : Helping Verb – Will be
igpku & bu okD;ksa ds vUr esa gksxk dk iz;ksx gksrk gSA
Singular vkSj Plural Subject ds lkFk & will be

ikik vkWfQl esa gksaxsA Dad will be in office.
jke ogk¡ ugha gksxk A Ram will not be there.
D;k ogk¡ dksbZ gksxk \ Will someone be there?
oks lc eEeh ds lkFk gksaxsA They all will be with mom.
Category II : Helping Verb – Will have
igpku & bu okD;ksa ds vUr esa ikl gksxk dk iz;ksx gksrk gSA
Singular vkSj Plural Subject ds lkFk & will have

ikik ds ikl eksckbZy gksxkA Dad will have a mobile.
jke ds ikl dqRrk ugha gksxk A Ram will not have a dog.
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D;k mlds ikl dqN gksxk \ Will he have something?
D;k ml yM+dh ds ikl fdrkcsa ugha gksxh \ Will that girl not have books?
1. Negative Interrogative okD;ksa esa ‟Not‟ dk iz;ksx ges‛kk Subject ds ckn gksrk gSA
2. vxj okD; ds ‚kq#vkr ;k vkf[kj esa *D;k* vk;s rks ‚kq#vkr esa flQZ helping verb yxsxhA
vxj okD; ds chp esa *D;k* vk;s rks „what‟ dk iz;ksx gksxkA
vxj fdlh Hkh izdkj dk dksbZ Hkh iz‛u gks ;k vkidks dksbZ Hkh lansg gks rks csf÷k÷kd
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102
Simple Sentences- Practice Exercise
Let‟ s practice. Translate the following sentences into English –
1- D;k jke vPNk gS \ 51- rqEgkjs ikl fdruk iSlk gS \
2- cPps fdlds lkFk gSa \ 52- fdl ‚kgj esa gks rqe bl oDr \
3- rqe vPNs gks A 53- eSa ft+Unk gw¡ flQZ rqEgkjs fy,A
4- ikik jkgqy ds lkFk Fks A 54- jke dgha [kks;k gqvk FkkA
5- cPpk esjs vkxs FkkA 55- eSa rqEgkjs liuksa esa [kks;k gqvk gw¡A
6- ;s mldk nksLr ugha gSA 56- eksckby Vscy ij j[kk gqvk gSA
7- ;s yM+dk dgk¡ ij Fkk\ 57- eSa Mjk gqvk FkkA
8- eSa jke dh otg ls ;gk¡ gw¡ A 58- fdrus cPps bl le; ;gk¡ gSa \
9- mlds ikl iSu FkkA 59- jke 2 cts txk gqvk FkkA
10- rqEgkjs ikl D;k gS \ 60- mlds ikik fi;s gq, FksA
11- eEeh ds ikl iSls ugha gaSA 61- rqe esjs djhch nksLr gksA
12- jkgqy fdldk HkkbZ gS \ 62- ;s fy[kk gqvk FkkA
13- ;s vkneh fdl yM+dh dk ikik gS\ 63- ;s xhrk esa fy[kk gqvk gSA
14- oks ?kj fdldk gS \ 64- fHk[kkjh ds diM+s QVs gq, FksA
15- eSa rqels yEck gw¡ A 65- D;k rqEgkjs ikl dqN Fkk\
16- rqe fdl ‚kgj ls gks \ 66- gekjs ikl dqN gSA
17- rqe fdl ‚kgj esa gks \ 67- eSa fdlds fy, ogk¡ Fkk \
18- D;k rqEgkjs ikl gS \ 68- oks rqEgkjs fy, :dk gqvk gSA
19- Dlk rqEgkjs ikl eksckby gSA 69- rqe ?kj ds vUnj Fks A
20- eSa dkSu gw¡ \ 70- jke esjs cxy esa [kM+k gSA
21- D;k gS oks \ 71- f‛ko dh iwtk ;gk¡ izfl) gSA
22- Eksjs ihNs dkSu [kMk Fkk \ 72- gekjh [okfg‛ksa bruh D;ksa gS \
23- eSa Dykl esa cSBk gw¡A 73- rqe ,sls D;ksa gks \
24- mlds HkkbZ fdrus cM+s gSa \ 74- iSls fdlds ikl gSa \
25- rqe esjs lcls NksVs HkkbZ gks A 75- D;k rqEgkjs ikl fnekx ugha gS \
26- ;s esjk I;kj gS rqEgkjs fy,A 76- ;s VwVk gqvk fny esjk gSA
27- D;k gS mldk uke \ 77- mlds fdrus yM+ds gSa \
28- ;s dgkuh fdlh vkSj dh gSA 78- vki eq>ls T+;knk cqjs gSaA
29- oks Fkdh gqbZ FkhA 79- D;k jke eq>ls T+;knk vPNk gS \
30- jke lks;k gqvk gSA 80- eq>s rqels I;kj gSA
31- ge cSBs gq, Fks \ 81- brus lkjs iSls rqEgkjs ikl dSls gSa \
32- rqe [kM+s D;ksa gks \ 82- fj‛rs [kwclwjr gksrs gSaA
33- ml Vscy ij D;k gS \ 83- ;s dksbZ vkSj gSA
34- rqe fnYyh ds vkl ikl gksA 84- ;s dqN vkSj gSA
35- eSa bl QksVks esa ugha gw¡A 85- rqEgkjk iSu dkSu lk okyk gS \
36- oks dc ls vkWfQl esa gS \ 86- iSu fdldk gS \
37- rqe dc rd vkWfQl es Fks \ 87- rqEgkjs ihNs dkSu gS \
38- esjs iSj esa D;k gS \ 88- iSls fdlds ikl ugha gaS \
39- mlds ikl dqN ugha gSA 89- rqe fdl ckr ds fy, nq[kh gks \
40- esjs ikl dqN QVs gq, diM+s gSaA 90- jke dc rd bl txg esa Fkk \
41- jke isM+ ds ihNs fNik gqvk FkkA 91- eSa rqEgkjs lkeus [kM+k Fkk A
42- ;s cPps esjs gSaA 92- eSa Bhd rqEgkjs lkeus [kM+k Fkk A
43- ;s rqEgkjk ugha gSA 93- fdl yM+dh ds ikik ogk¡ [kM+s Fks \
44- ;s esjh fcYyh gSA 94- eSa fxVkj ds fy, ikxy gw¡ A
45- ;s fcYyh esjh gSA 95- ogk¡ fdrus yksx gSa \
46- ;s jke dh fdrkc gSA 96- iSu dgk¡ j[kk gqvk gS A
47- ;s fdrkc jke dh gSA 97- le; D;k gqvk gS \
48- ge rqEgkjs gSaA 98- rqe nksuksa lcls vPNs gks A
49- eSa gj iy rqEgkjs lkFk FkkA 99- ge lc rqEgkjs lkFk gSaA
50- xkM+h esa fdruk isVªksy gS \ 100-eSa rqEgkjk dkSu gw¡ \
103
Answers
1. Is Ram good? 52. In which city are you at this time?
2. With whom are children? 53. I am alive only for you.
3. You are good. 54. Ram was lost somewhere.
4. Papa was with Rahul. 55. I am lost in your dreams.
5. Child was ahead of me. 56. Mobile is kept on the table.
6. This/he is his friend. 57. I was scared. / I was horrified. / I was terrified.
7. Where was this boy? / I was afraid.
8. I am here because of Ram. 58. How many children are here at this time?
9. He had a pen. 59. Ram was awake at 2.
10. What do you have? 60. His father was drunk.
11. Mom doesn‟t have money. 61. You are my close friend.
12. Whose brother is Rahul? 62. It is written.
13. Which girl‟s father is this man? 63. It is written in Geeta.
14. Whose is that house/home? 64. Beggar‟s clothes were torn.
15. I am taller than you. 65. Did you have something?
16. From which city are you? 66. We have something.
17. In which city are you? 67. For whom was I there?
18. Do you have? 68. He is stopped for you.
19. Do you have a mobile? 69. You were inside the home.
20. Who am I? 70. Ram is standing beside me.
21. What is that? 71. Worship of Lord Shiva is famous here.
22. Who was standing behind me? 72. Why are our desires these many?
23. I am sitting in the class. 73. Why are you so?
24. How old are his brothers? 74. Who has money?
25. You are my youngest brother. 75. Do you not have mind/brain?
26. This is my love for you. 76. This broken heart is mine.
27. What is his name? 77. How many sons does he have?
28. This story is someone else‟s. 78. You are worse than I.
29. She was tired. 79. Is Ram better than I?
30. Ram is asleep. 80. I am in love with you. / I love you.
31. We were sitting. 81. How do you have this much money?
32. Why are you standing? 82. Relations are beautiful.
33. What is there on that table? 83. This is someone else.
34. You are near about Delhi. 84. This is something else.
35. I am not there in this photograph. 85. Which one is your pen?
36. Since when is he in the office? 86. Whose is the pen?
37. Until when were you in the office? 87. Who is behind you?
38. What is there in my leg? 88. Who doesn‟t have money?
39. He doesn‟t have anything. / He has nothing. 89. For what are you unhappy / sad?
40. I have some torn clothes. 90. Until when was Ram in this place?
41. Ram was hidden behind the tree. 91. I was standing in front of you.
42. These children are mine. 92. I was standing just in front of you.
43. This is not yours. 93. Which girl‟s father was standing there?
44. This / She is my cat. 94. I am crazy for guitar.
45. This cat is mine. 95. How many people are there?
46. This is Ram‟s book. 96. Where is the pen kept?
47. This book is Ram‟s. /This book is of Ram. 97. What is the time?
48. We are yours. 98. You both are the best.
49. I was there with you at every moment. 99. We all are with you.
50. How much petrol is there in the car? 100. Who am I to you?
51. How much money do you have?
104
Simple Sentences- Test Papers
Test – I
Q1: Translate the following sentences into English: 20 x 1 = 20
1- eSa rqEgkjk lcls cM+k HkkbZ gw¡A 11- oks vkneh ,d vPNk bUlku ugha gSA
2- D;k rqe esjs nksLr ugha gks \ 12- D;k jke ds ikl iSu ugha gS \
3- jke esjs lkFk ges‛kk FkkA 13- rqEgkjs ikl fnekx D;ksa ugha gS \
4- D;k rqEgkjs nl HkkbZ ugha gSa \ 14- lHkh esjs fiz; gSaA
5- jkds'k ds dbZ nksLr gSaA 15- eSa rqEgkjs fy, vPNk D;ksa ugha gw¡ \
6- esjs ikl 4 eksckbZy ugha FksA 16- rqe gj fdlh ds fy, vPNs FksA
7- os yksx gekjs lkFk gSaA 17- D;k rqEgkjs nks HkkbZ gSa \
8- ge lc rqEgkjs HkkbZ ds ikl gh gSaA 18- D;k gekjs ikl iSls Fks \
9- eSa vius ikik dk lcls cM+k yM+dk gw¡A 19- Okks cPpk mudk lcls NksVk yM+dk gSA
10- lHkh yksxksa ds ikl fdrkcsa ugha gSaA 20- esjs ikik MkDVj gSaA
Q2: Which 9 out of the following are singulars? ¼fuEufyf[kr esa ls dkSu ls 9 ,dopu gSa½ 9x1=9
Ram, People, She, I, We, You, These, That, This, Those, It, He, Man, Women, They, Blood
Q3: Which 6 out of the following are Plurals? ¼fuEufyf[kr esa ls dkSu ls 6 cgqopu gSa½ 6x1 =6
Ram & Shyam, People, I, We, You, These, That, This, Those, It, He, Woman, Sky
1. Living is not enough, what matters is how you live.

thuk dkQh ugha gS] ek;us ;s j[krk gS fd vki thrs dSls gSaA
2. When you make a decision, the universe conspires to make it happen. (Ralph
Waldo Emerson)
tc vki dksbZ QSlyk dj ysa] rks czgekaM mls iwjk djus dh lkft‛k djus yxrk gSA ¼jSYQ okWYMks belZu½
3. If we are not the part of solution, then we are the problem. (Shiv Khera)
vxj ge gy dk fgLlk ugha gSa] rks ge gh leL;k gSaA ¼f‛ko [ksjk½
4. Inspiration is thinking whereas motivation is action. (Shiv Khera)

fdlh ls izHkkfor gksuk ,d lksp gS tcfd izsj kk ysuk ,d dk;ZokghA ¼f‛ko [ksjk½
5. The two most important days in your life are the day you are born and the day you
find out why. (Mark Twain)
vkidh ft+Unxh ds nks fnu lcls egRoiw kZ gSa] ,d rc tc vkidk tUe gqvk vkSj nwljk rc tc vkius ;s tku fy;k
fd vkidk tUe D;ksa gqvkA ¼ekdZ osu½
105
Answers
Q1:
1- eSa rqEgkjk lcls cM+k HkkbZ gw¡A I am your eldest brother.
2- D;k rqe esjs nksLr ugha gks \ Are you not my friend?
3- jke esjs lkFk ges‛kk FkkA Ram was always with me.
4- D;k rqEgkjs nl HkkbZ ugha gSa \ Do you not have 10 brothers?
5- jkds'k ds dbZ nksLr gSaA Rakesh has many friends.
6- esjs ikl 4 eksckbZy ugha FksA I didn‟ t have 4 mobiles.
7- os yksx gekjs lkFk gSaA They people are with us.
8- ge lc rqEgkjs HkkbZ ds ikl gh gSaA We all are with your brother only.
9- eSa vius ikik dk lcls cM+k yM+dk g¡w A I am the eldest son of my father.
10- lHkh yksxksa ds ikl fdrkcsa ugha gSaA All the people don‟ t have books.
11- oks vkneh ,d vPNk bUlku ugha gSA That man is not a good person/human.
12- D;k jke ds ikl iSu ugha gS \ Does Ram not have a pen?
13- rqEgkjs ikl fnekx D;ksa ugha gS \ Why do you not have mind/brain?
14- lHkh esjs fiz; gSaA All are my dear.
15- eSa rqEgkjs fy, vPNk D;ksa ugha g¡w \ Why am I not good for you?
16- rqe gj fdlh ds fy, vPNs FksA You were good for all.
17- D;k rqEgkjs nks HkkbZ gSa \ Do you have two brothers?
18- D;k gekjs ikl iSls Fks \ Did we have money?
19- Okks cPpk mudk lcls NksVk yM+dk gSA That boy is their youngest son.
20- esjs ikik MkDVj gSaA My father is a doctor.
Q2: Singulars:
Ram, She, I, That, This, It, He, Man, Blood
Q3: Plurals:
Ram & Shyam, People, We, You, These, Those
1. Start where you are today. Use what you have today. Do what you can today.
‚kq#vkr djks vkt tgk¡ vki gksA gj ml pht+ dk iz;ksx djks tks vkt vkids ikl gSA vkSj djks tks vkt vki dj
ldrs gksA
2. A man is great by deeds, not by birth. (Chanakya)

O;fDr vius deksaZ ls egku curk gS] tUe ls ughaA ¼pk kD;½
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Test- II
Q1: Translate the following sentences into English: Marks -30
1- D;k rqe dksbZ vkSj gks \ 16- dksbZ jkgqy Dykl esa cSBk gqvk gSA
2- eSa fdlh dk Hkh nksLr ugha gw¡A 17- ftl fdlh ds Hkh lkFk oks gS] Hkxoku mls vk‛khZokn nsA
3- rqEgkjs fdrus HkkbZ gSa \ 18- mlds diM+s QVs gq, Fks ‚kk;nA
4- mlds lkspus dk rjhdk eq>ls FkksM+k vyx gSA 19- D;k rqEgkjs ikl dqN gS \
5- jke lcls cqjk bUlku gSA 20- jkuh mudh lcls NksVh csVh gSA
6- os yksx ,sls D;ksa gSa \ 21- tkuoj I;kj ds Hkw[ks gksrs gSaA
7- gekjh otg ls mlds ikl vkt dqN Hkh ugha gSA 22- esjs pyus dk rjhdk dSlk gS \
8- D;k rqe lcls cM+s HkkbZ gks \ 23- fdl cPps dk ikl esjk iSu gS \
9- esjh gFksyh ij dqN j[kk gqvk Fkk] D;k Fkk oks \ 24- ogk¡ fdrus cPps cSBs gSa \
10- oks fdlds lkFk ogk¡ x;k vkSj D;ksa \ 25- tks dksbZ Hkh ;gk¡ gS] esjk nksLr gSA
11- D;k iSls ugha Fks mlds ikl \ 26- tks dksbZ Hkh ogk¡ gS] esjk nq‛eu gSA
12- tgkW dgha Hkh rqe gks] [kq‛k jgksA 27- esjs cxy esa flQZ nks cPps FksA
13- ftUnxh dksbZ et+kd gS D;k \ 28- mlds [kkus dk rjhdk Bhd ugha gSA
14- esjs ikl lcls de ikuh gSA 29- uk‛rs esa vkt D;k gS \
15- dksbZ fe0 jke ckgj [kM+s gSa \ 30- esjs fny esa D;k gS \
Q2: Translate the following sentences into Hindi: Marks -20
1. Why are your friends not here? 11. Relation of a mom with her children is
2. For what are you here? unique.
3. Which one is mine? 12. Nothing is impossible in this world.
4. Mine are three brothers. 13. Government‟s endeavor for poor‟s uplift is
5. His is this book. praiseworthy.
6. They were better than me. 14. Are you trustworthy?
7. Am I no one to you? 15. Such people are not trustworthy.
8. Seeta is a friend of mine. 16. Life is beautiful for those, who are happy.
9. How much petrol do you have at this 17. I don‟t have any friend in this locality.
moment? 18. Glasses are half empty.
10. I am your better than the best friend. 19. Dictionary is good source of words.
20. Today‟s life is very hectic.
Answers
Q1:
1- D;k rqe dksbZ vkSj gks \ Are you someone else?
2- eSa fdlh dk Hkh nksLr ugha gw¡ A I am not anybody‟s friend.
3- rqEgkjs fdrus HkkbZ gSa \ How many brothers do you have?
4- mlds lkspus dk rjhdk eq>ls FkksM+k vyx gSA His way of thinking is a bit different than that of mine.
5- jke lcls cqjk bUlku gSA Ram is the worst person.
6- os yksx ,sls D;ksa gSa \ Why are they people so?
7- gekjh otg ls mlds ikl vkt dqN Hkh ugha gSA He has nothing today because of us.
8- D;k rqe lcls cM+s HkkbZ gks \ Are you the eldest brother?
9- esjh gFksyh ij dqN Fkk] D;k Fkk oks \ There was something in my palm, what was that?
10- oks fdlds lkFk ogk¡ x;k vkSj D;ksa \ With whom did he go there and why?
11- D;k iSls ugha Fks mlds ikl \ Did he not have money?
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12- tgk¡ dgha Hkh rqe gks] [kq‛k jgksA Wherever you are, be happy.
13- ft+Unxh dksbZ et+kd gS D;k \ Is life a joke?
14- esjs ikl lcls de ikuh gSA I have the least water.
15- dksbZ fe0 jke ckgj [kM+s gSaA A/Some Mr. Ram is standing outside.
16- dksbZ jkgqy Dykl esa cSBk gqvk gSA A/Some Rahul is sitting in the class.
17- ftl fdlh ds Hkh lkFk oks gS] Hkxoku mls vk‛khZokn ns! With whoever he is, may God bless him!
18- mlds diM+s QVs gq, Fks ‚kk;nA Perhaps his clothes were torn.
19- D;k rqEgkjs ikl dqN gS \ Do you have something?
20- jkuh mudh lcls NksVh csVh gSA Rani is their youngest daughter.
21- tkuoj I;kj ds Hkw[ks gksrs gSaA Animals are hungry for love. / Animals need love.
22- esjs pyus dk rjhdk dSlk gS \ How is my way of walking?
23- fdl cPps dk ikl esjk iSu gS \ Which kid has my pen?
24- ogk¡ fdrus cPps cSBs gSa \ How many children are sitting there?
25- tks dksbZ Hkh ;gk¡ gS] esjk nksLr gSA Whoever is here, is my friend.
26- tks dksbZ Hkh ogk¡ gS] esjk nq‛eu gSA Whoever is there, is my enemy.
27- esjs cxy esa flQZ nks cPps FksA There were only two children beside me.
28- mlds [kkus dk rjhdk Bhd ugha gSA His way of eating is not good.
29- uk‛rs esa vkt D;k gS \ What is there in breakfast today?
30- esjs fny esa D;k gS \ What is there in my heart?
Q2:
1. Why are your friends not here? rqEgkjs nksLr ;gk¡ D;ksa ugha gSa \
2. For what are you here? rqe ;gk¡ fdlfy, gks \
3. Which one is mine? dkSu lk okyk esjk gS \
4. Mine are three brothers. esjs rhu HkkbZ gSaA
5. His is this book. mldh gS ;s fdrkcA
6. They were better than I. os eq>ls csgrj FksA
7. Am I no one to you? D;k eSa rqEgkjk dksbZ ugha gw¡ \
8. Seeta is a friend of mine. lhrk esjh nksLr gSA
9. How much petrol do you have at this moment? rqEgkjs ikl bl oDr fdruk isVªksy gS \
10. I am your better than the best friend. eSa rqEgkjk lcls vPNs ls Hkh vPNk nksLr gw¡A
11. Relation of a mom with her child is unique.vius cPps ds lkFk ,d ek¡ dk fj‛rk vuks[kk gksrk gSA
12. Nothing is impossible in this world. bl nqfu;k esa dqN Hkh vlEHko ugha gSA
13. Government‟ s endeavor is praiseworthy.ljdkj dk iz;kl iz‛kalk ;ksX; gSA
14. Are you trustworthy? D;k rqe Hkjksls ds yk;d gks \
15. Such people are not trustworthy. ,sls yksx Hkjksls yk;d ugha gksrsA
16. Life is beautiful for those, who are happy. ft+Unxh mu yksxksa ds fy, [kwclwjr gksrh gS] tks [kq‛k gSaA
17. I don‟ t have any friend in this locality. bl txg esjk dksbZ nksLr ugha gSA
18. Glasses are half empty. fxykl vk/ks [kkyh gSaA
19. Dictionary is good source of words. fMD‛kujh ‚kCnksa dk vPNk lzksr gSA
20. Today‟ s life is very hectic. vktdy dh ft+Unxh cgqr O;Lr gSA
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Test – III
Q1: Translate the following sentences into Hindi: 44 x 1 = 44
1. Am I your friend? 23. His behavior was pretty awkward there.

2. Who is this boy? 24. Her father‟s name is Mr. R K Sharma.
3. Whose book is that? 25. I am a nice boy.
4. They are my friends. 26. His way of thinking is different altogether.
5. Until when were you in office? 27. In which home was he?
6. A book is lying on the bed. 28. Was he awake that time?
7. These are not pencils. 29. Mansi and Paras are good students.
8. Who has money? 30. This is not a laptop.
9. Since when are you at home? 31. Who was that boy to Ram?
10. He is someone else‟s father. 32. Death is a bitter truth of life.
11. You are no one to me. 33. Road is bent ahead.
12. Those boys were not with me. 34. I have six books.
13. I didn‟t have a pen. 35. I don‟t have 15 pencils.
14. Who didn‟t have pen? 36. How many books do you have?
15. He is with someone else. 37. Here is a book.
16. Are chairs of white color? 38. What are these people to you?
17. Are they your relatives? 39. There are a few notebooks.
18. This is a sweet dog. 40. His uncle is very nice.
19. That is a mobile phone. 41. I am your best friend.
20. Mine are two children. / I have two children. 42. The condition of my rattraps is pathetic.
21. What is he to you? 43. My dad is a nice man.
22. His heart is broken. 44. How many brothers does he have?
Answers
1- D;k eSa rqEgkjk nksLr gw¡ \ 23- mldk O;ogkj ogk¡ cgqr vthc FkkA
2- ;s yM+dk dkSu gS \ 24- mlds ikik dk uke fe0 vkj ds 'kekZ gSA
3- oks fdldh fdrkc gS \ 25- eSa vPNk yM+dk gw¡A
4- os esjs nksLr gSaA 26- mlds lkspus dk rjhdk cgqr vyx gSA
5- rqe dc rd vkWfQl esa Fks \ 27- oks fdl ?kj esa Fkk \
6- ,d fdrkc fcLrj ij iM+h gqbZ gSA 28- D;k oks ml oDr mBk gqvk Fkk \
7- ;s isfUlysa ugha gSaA 29- ekulh vkSj ikjl vPNs fo/kkFkhZ gSaA
8- iSls fdlds ikl gSa \ 30- ;s ysiVki ugha gSA
9- rqe ?kj ij dc ls gks \ 31- oks yM+dk jke dk dkSu Fkk \
10- oks fdlh vkSj ds ikik gSaA 32- eqR;Zq thou dk ,d dVq lR; gSA
11- rqe esjs dksbZ ugha gksA 33- jksM vkxs ls eqM+h gqbZ gSA
12- oks yM+ds esjs lkFk ugha FksA 34- esjs ikl 6 fdrkcsa gSaA
13- esjs ikl iSu ugha FkkA 35- esjs ikl 15 iSfUlysa ugha gSaA
14- fdlds ikl iSu ugha Fkk \ 36- rqEgkjs ikl fdruh fdrkcsa gSa \
15- Oks fdlh vkSj ds lkFk gSAa 37- ;gk¡ ,d fdrkc gSA
16- D;k dqflZ;k¡ lQsn jax dh gSa \ 38- ;s yksx rqEgkjs D;k yxrs gSa \
17- D;k os vkids laca/kh gSa \ 39- ogk¡ dqN dkfi;k¡ gSaA
18- ;g ,d I;kjk dqRrk gSA 40- mlds vady cgqr vPNs gSaA
19- oks eksckby Qksu gSA 41- eSa rqEgkjk lcls vPNk nksLr gw¡A
20- esjs nks cPps gSaA 42- esjh pwgsnkfu;ksa dh gkyr cgqr jkc gSA
21- oks rqEgkjk D;k gS \ / oks rqEgkjk D;k yxrk gS \ 43- esjs ikik ,d vPNs bUlku gSaA
22- mldk fny VwVk gqvk gSA 44- mlds fdrus HkkbZ gSa \
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Lesson – 17
There ¼nsvj½
;s VkWfid cgqr gh vklku gS ij rc tc vki blds dkWUlSIV dks vPNh rjg le>sa A
This topic is pretty easy provided you go through its concept thoroughly.
;kn jgs] dqN Hkh vlEHko ugha vxj vki iwjh f‛kn~nr ls fdlh pht+ dks le÷kus dh Bku ysaA
Remember, nothing is impossible if you have a firm desire to learn something.
Concept No. 1: Here ¼fgvj½ & ;gk¡

There ¼nsvj½ & ogk¡
1- ogk¡ ,d isM+ gSA There is a tree. / A tree is there.

2- ogk¡ dksbZ gSA There is someone./ Someone is there.
3- ogk¡ eSa x;kA I went there. / There went I.
4- ogk¡ nks yM+fd;k¡ gSaA There are two girls. / Two girls are there.
5- ;gk¡ dksbZ ugha gSA Here is no one. / No one is here.
6- ;gk¡ fdlh dk iSu FkkA Here was someone‟ s pen. / Someone‟ s pen was here.
Concept No. 2:
ge Simple Sentences ds ckjs esa i<+ pqds gSa ftuesa rhu phtsa t+:j gksrh gSa & Subject, Object vkSj
Helping Verb ij vxj fdlh Simple Sentence esa Subject vkSj Object esa ls dksbZ ,d u gks] rks
vkidks mldh txg “There” dk iz;ksx djuk gksxkA
We‟ ve already learned that a simple sentence generally comprises; a subject, an
object & a helping verb but in case, if either subject or object is missing then „there‟
is to be used in place.
vxj ge dgsa Þ,d jktk FkkAÞ
bl okD; esa
Subject - ,d jktk & (A king)
Object - dqN ugha gS & (Missing)
blfy, gesa Object dh txg ij There dk iz;ksx djuk gksxkA
“A King was there.”
;gh ugha ge „Subject‟ dh txg ij „There‟ vkSj „Object‟ dh txg ij „Subject‟ fy[k ldrs gSaA
;kfu Subject vkSj Object dh txg ,d & nwljs ls cny ldrs gSaA
“There was a king.”
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dqN mnkgj k nsf[k, &
Let‟ s see a few examples:
1- ,d uy gSA There is a tap. / A tap is there.

2- dksbZ gSA There is someone. / Someone is there.
3- ikuh ugha gSA There is no water. / Water is not there.
4- yM+dh ugha gSA There is no girl. / Girl is not there.
5- ,d cPpk FkkA There was a kid. / A kid was there.
6- dqN FkkA There was something. / Something was there.
7- I;kj ugha gSA There is no love. / No love is there.
8- D;k dqN Fkk \ Was there something? / Was Something there?
9- dkSu gS \ Who is there ?
bu okD;ksa esa “There” dks Subject vkSj Object nksuksa :iksa esa iz;ksx fd;k tk ldrk gSA
In these sentences, „There‟ can be used either as a „subject‟ or an „object‟ .
vc vxyh Practice Exercise ds t+fj, vkidks csgrj rjhds ls le> vk tk;sxkA

;kn j[ksa “Practice makes a man perfect”.
Now, only Practice can improve your understanding, which you will develop in next
practice Exercise. Not to forget “Practice makes a man perfect”.

Dear students,
Aditya Sir
1. Why to afraid of what‟ll happen in life. Even if nothing happens, experience will be gained.
D;ksa Mjsa fd ft+Unxh esa D;k gksxkA dqN ugha Hkh gqvk rks de ls de rt+qckZ gksxkA
2. People say India is a country of thousand difficulties, but I am a firm believer that India is a
country of thousand opportunities.
yksx dgrs gSa fd Hkkjr gt+kjksa ijs‛kkfu;ksa dk ns‛k gS ysfdu esjk vVy fo‛okl gS fd Hkkjr gt+kjksa voljksa dk
ns‛k gSA
3. I will not say that I failed 1000 times, rather I would say, I know thousand ways which can cause
failure.
eSa ;s ugha dgw¡xk fd eSa gt+kj ckj vlQy gqvk] ctk; blds eSa ;s dg¡wxk fd eq÷ks gt+kj ,sls jkLrs irk gSa ftuesa
pydj vki lQy ugha gks ldrsA
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There- Practice Exercise
vkb, vH;kl djsaA fuEufyf[kr okD;ksa dk vaxst+h esa vuqokn dfj, &
1- ,d uy FkkA 27- ,d isM+ gS] ftldk jax yky gSA

2- D;k rqEgkjk HkkbZ ogk¡ Fkk \ 28- D;k rqEgkjs ikl iSu gS \
3- dksbZ gS D;k \ 29- ml dq¡, esa ikuh ugha FkkA
4- D;k vkids fny esa I;kj ugha gS \ 30- tc dHkh eSa ijs‛kkuh esa Fkk] rqe esjs lkFk FksA
5- Rkqe ogk¡ D;ksa fNis gq, gks \ 31- eSus tks dqN fd;k] ogha ij fd;kA
6- Tkaxy esa ,d jktk jgrk FkkA 32- mldh ft+Unxh esa [kq‛kh ugha gSA
7- ogk¡ dqN ugha FkkA 33- D;k ogk¡ dqN py jgk gS \
8- ,d jktk ogk¡ x;kA 34- I;kj tSlh dksbZ pht+ ugha gksrhA
9- ogk¡ D;k gS \ 35- ,slk dksbZ ‚kCn ugha gksrkA
10- ml ‚kgj esa ,d ikdZ FkkA 36- ,slh dksbZ dgkuh ugha gSA
11- D;k rqEgkjs ikl iSls ugha gaS \ 37- ,slk dksbZ xk¡o ugha gSA
12- Dykl esa 3 yM+fd;k¡ cSBh FkhaA 38- ,slk dksbZ ns‛k ugha gS] tgk¡ flQZ tkuoj jgrs gksaA
13- Eksjs ikik ogk¡ jgrs FksA 39- ,slk dksbZ eksckby ugha gS] ftls eSa Bhd ugha dj
14- Vscy ij iSu FkkA ldrkA
15- rfd;s ds uhps ,d i= gSA 40- D;k ogk¡ dksbZ ugha gS \
16- ogk¡ dksbZ ugha gksxkA 41- ,slk dksbZ vkneh ugha gksrk ftls pksV ugha yxrhA
17- rqEgkjs HkkbZ ds lkFk ,d vkneh [kM+k gSA 42- ogk¡ fdrus yksx gSa \
18- bl rjg ds dbZ Qwy gSaA 43- ogk¡ fdrus yksx Fks \
19- ogk¡ ns[kus dks dqN ugha gSA 44- ogk¡ D;k gS \
20- D;k Dykl esa dksbZ ugha gS \ 45- rqe ogk¡ fdlds lkFk Fks \
21- [ksyus ds fy, yM+ds ugha gaSA 46- ml xk¡o esa fctyh ugha gSA
22- mlds cVq, esa iSls ugha gSaA 47- D;k rqEgkjs fnekx esa dqN gS \
23- bl dEiuh esa vkxs c<+us ds dbZ volj gSaA 48- D;k bl thou esa dsoy nq[k gS \
24- tkus dh t+:jr ugha gSA 49- ogk¡ dkSu lc yksx gSa \
25- cxZj [kkus dh dksbZ t+:jr ughaA 50- D;k rqEgkjs ikik ogk¡ ugha Fks \
26- ,d lk¡i FkkA
1. Satisfaction lies in efforts, not only in attainment. Full efforts mean full
victory.
larqf"V iz;klksa ls gksrh gS] dsoy izkfIr ls ughaA iwjk iz;kl eryc iwjh fot;A
2. My dad was a laborer. He could not fulfill most of my desires; hence I ascribe
him of my phenomenal success. Had he been able to provide me all what I
wanted, I could have never reached this altitude.
esjs firk ,d et+nwj FksA os esjh T+;knkrj [okfg‛kksa dks iwjk ugha dj ik;s] ‚kk;n blhfy, eSa viuh vlk/kkj k
lQyrk dk Js; mUgsa nsrk gw¡A vxj oks eq÷ks gj oks pht+ ns ikrs ftldh eSaus [okfg‛k dh rks vkt eSa bl
¡pkbZ rd ugha igq¡p ikrkA
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Answers
1) There was a tap. 26) There was a snake.
2) Was your brother there? 27) There is a tree, which is of red color.
3) Is there someone? 28)Is there a pen with you? / Do you have
4) Isn‟ t there love in your heart? a pen?
5) Why are you hidden there? 29)There was no water in that well.
6) There lived a king in Jungle. 30)Whenever I was in trouble, you were
7) Nothing was there. there with me.
8) There went a king. / A king went there. 31)Whatever I did, I did there.
9) What is there? 32)There is no joy in his life.
10) There was a park in that city. 33)Is there something going on?
11)Isn‟ t there money with you? / Do you 34)There is nothing as such love.
not have money? 35)There is no word as such.
12) There were 3 girls sitting in the class. / 36)There is no such story.
3 girls were sitting in the class. 37)There is no such village.
13) There lived my dad. / My dad lived 38) There is no country as such, where
there. there are only animals.
14) There was a pen on the table. 39) There is no such a mobile, which I can‟ t
15)There is a letter beneath the pillow. repair.
16)There will be no one there. 40) Isn‟ t there anyone?
17) There is a man standing with your 41) There is no such a man, who doesn‟ t
brother. get hurt.
18) There are so many such flowers. 42) How many guys are there?
19)There is nothing to see. 43)How many people were there?
20) Isn‟ t there anyone in the class? 44)What is there?
21) There are no boys to play. 45)With whom were you there?
22)There is no money in his wallet. 46)There is no electricity in that village.
23)There are numerous growth 47)Is there something in your mind?
opportunities in this company. 48)Is there only sorrow in this life?
24)There is no need to go. 49)Who all people are there?
25)There is no need to eat burger. 50) Was your dad not there?
1. Unless a man undertakes more than he possibly can, he will never do what he actually
can.
tc rd ,d bUlku mlls T+;knk djus dh dksf‛k‛k ugha djrk ftruk mls yxrk gS fd oks dj ldrk gS] rks oks dHkh mruk ugha
dj ik;sxk ftruk oks okLro esa dj ldrk gSA
2. Whose fingers you resorted to experience the world; never let their shoulders down.
ftudh m¡xyh idM+dj rqeus pyuk lh[kk] muds dU/kksa dks dHkh ÷kqdus er nsukA
3. Your existence is not what your name suggests but the identity that you earn in your
lifetime.
vkidk vfLrRo vkids uke ls ugha cfYd vkidh igpku ls gksrk gS tks vki vius thou esa vftZr djrs gksA
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There – Test Papers
Test – I
1. Were you there? 28. There is a boy with him, who is very thin.
2. Who is there at the door? 29. There is a girl in his class, for whom he is
3. There was a king. mad.
4. How much petrol is there in your car? 30. There is no friend of mine in this photograph.
5. Until when were you there in office? 31. Is there any friend of yours in this
6. There is a book on the bed. photograph?
7. How many students were there in the class? 32. There are numerous hotels in Shimla.
8. Is there money in your pocket? 33. There is a beautiful lake in Mussorie.
9. No one is there. 34. There is a laptop on my bed.
10. There is a boy standing. 35. Is there a mobile on my table?
11. Is someone there? 36. There is no letter underneath the pillow.
12. There were 29 people in total. 37. There is no one standing ahead of me.
13. Why were you there? 38. How many people are there next to you?
14. With whom is he there? 39. Ram is there in the car.
15. There was a lion in that forest. 40. There is a bridge over the Yamuna River.
16. There is a ghost, whose name is Rahul. 41. How many books are there in your bag?
17. When you were there, I was not there. 42. Nothing is there.
18. There were 15 students in that class. 43. Nobody is there in your room.
19. There is a phone call for you. 44. Some people are there eating the food.
20. A friend of yours is there at the door. 45. My life is there in you. If you are not there,
21. There is no Rahul in my class. then nothing is there.
22. There are no pens in my bag. 46. I am always there with you.
23. How much is there in your pocket? 47. The condition is pathetic there.
24. How many stars are there in the sky? 48. My dad was never there.
25. His dad is there with my dad. 49. Weather conditions were phenomenal there.
26. Her sister is there in Japan. 50. How many brothers of yours were standing
27. There is a tap in his kitchen, which is very there?
old.
Answers
1. Were you there? D;k rqe Fks \

2. Who is there at the door? njokts ij dkSu gS \
3. There was a king. ,d jktk FkkA @ogk¡ ,d jktk FkkA
4. How much petrol is there in your car? rqEgkjh dkj esa fdruk isVªksy gS \
5. Until when were you there in office? rqe vkWfQl esa dc rd Fks \
6. There is a book on the bed. fcLrj ij ,d fdrkc gSA
7. How many students were there in the class? Dykl esa fdrus cPps Fks \
8. Is there money in your pocket? D;k rqEgkjh tsc esa iSls gSa \
9. No one is there. ogk¡ dksbZ ugha gSA
10. There is a boy standing. ,d yM+dk [kM+k gSA@ ogk¡ ,d yM+dk [kM+k gSA
114
11. Is someone there? D;k dksbZ gS \
12. There were 29 people in total. dqy feykdj 29 yksx FksA
13. Why were you there? Rkqe ogk¡ D;ksa Fks \
14. With whom is he there? Okks ogk¡ fdlds lkFk gS \
15. There was a lion in that forest. ml taxy esa ,d ‚ksj FkkA
16. There is a ghost, whose name is Rahul. ogk¡ ,d Hkwr gS ftldk uke jkgqy gSA
17. When you were there, I was not there. tc rqe Fks] eSa ugha Fkk A
18. There were 15 students in that class. ml Dykl esa 15 cPps Fks A
19. There is a phone call for you. rqEgkjs fy, ,d Qksu dkWay gSA
20. A friend of yours is there at the door. rqEgkjk dksbZ nksLr njokts ij gSA
21. There is no Rahul in my class. esjh Dykl esa dksbZ jkgqy ugha gSA
22. There are no pens in my bag. esjs cSx esa iSu ugha gaSA
23. How much is there in your pocket? rqEgkjh tsc esa fdruk gS \
24. How many stars are there in the sky? vkleku esa fdrus rkjs gaS \
25. His dad is there with my dad. mlds ikik esjs ikik ds lkFk gSaA
26. Her sister is there in Japan. mldh cgu tkiku esa gSA
27. There is a tap in his kitchen, which is very old. mlds fdpu esa ,d uy gS] tks cgqr iqjkuk gSA
28. There is a boy with him, who is very thin.mlds lkFk ,d yM+dk gS] tks cgqr iryk gSA
29. There is a girl in his class,for whom he is mad.mldh Dykl esa ,d yM+dh gS] ftlds fy, oks ikxy gSA
30. There is no friend of mine in this photograph. bl QksVks esa esjk dksbZ nksLr ugha gSA
31. Is there any friend of yours in this photograph? D;k bl QksVks esa rqEgkjk dksbZ nksLr gS \
32. There are numerous hotels in Shimla. f‛keyk esa dbZ gksVy gSa \
33. There is a beautiful lake in Mussorie. elwjh esa ,d lqUnj >hy gSA
34. There is a laptop on my bed. esjs fcLrj ij ,d ysiVkWi gSA
35. Is there a mobile on my table? D;k esjh Vscy esa dksbZ eksckby gS \
36. There is no letter underneath the pillow. Rkfd, ds uhps dksbZ i= ugha gSA
37. There is no one standing ahead of me. esjs vkxs dksbZ ugha [kM+k A
38. How many people are there next to you? rqEgkjs cxy esa fdrus yksx gaSS \
39. Ram is there in the car. jke dkj esa gSA
40. There is a bridge over the Yamuna River.;equk unh ds ij ,d iqy gSA
41. How many books are there in your bag? rqEgkjs cSx esa fdruh fdrkcsa gSa \
42. Nothing is there. ogk¡ dqN ugha gSA
43. Nobody is there in your room. rqEgkjs dejsa esa dksbZ ugha gSA
44. Some people are there eating the food. ogk¡ dqN yksx [kkuk [kk jgs gSaA
45. My life is there in you. esjh ft+Unxh rqe esa gSA
46. I am always there with you. eSa ges‛kk rqEgkjs lkFk gw¡ A
47. The condition is pathetic there. ogk¡ gkyr cgqr cqjh gSA
48. My dad was never there. esjs ikik ogk¡ dHkh ugha FksA
49. Weather conditions were phenomenal there. ekSle cM+k tcjnLr Fkk ogk¡A
50. How many brothers of yours were standing there? rqEgkjs fdrus HkkbZ ogk¡ [kM+s Fks \
115
Test – II

1- ml ?kj esa ,d NksVk cPpk FkkA 24- jke vkSj ‚;ke ds chp esa dkSu gS \
2- ogk¡ dqN ugha Fkk ‚kk;n A 25- esjs vkxs dksbZ ugha gSA
3- ckYVh ds uhps dqN gSA 26- rqEgkjs ihNs dkSu Fkk \
4- lHkh yksx ogk¡ gksaxs A 27- jke ds lkFk dkSu gS \
5- D;k esjk HkkbZ ogk¡ gksxk \ 28- ikik ds lkeus eEeh Fkh A
6- ogk¡ iguus dks dqN ugha gSA 29- esjs cxy esa dksbZ gS D;k \
7- dgus dh t+:jr ugha gSA 30- ,d vkneh [kM+k gSA
8- tc dHkh rqe Fks] jke ugha FkkA 31- dksbZ yM+dh gSA
9- mlds HkkbZ ds fny esa dksbZ ckr ugha gSA 32- dbZ ckrsa gSa tks eSa tkurk gw¡A
10- ckr djus dh dksbZ t+:jr ugha gSA 33- I;kj esa nwfj;k¡ ugha gksrh A
11- ,slk dqN ugha gSA 34- nksLrh esa FkSaSDl ugha gksrk A
12- gekjs chp ,slk dqN ugha FkkA 35- gekjs chp dqN ugha gSA
13- fdrus yksx gSa \ 36- uy esa ikuh ugha gSA
14- dqN gS D;k \ 37- fny dks I;kj gSA
15- ml ?kj esa dqN gSA 38- rqEgkjs fny esa D;k gS \
16- fdruk iSlk Fkk \ 39- dejs esa f[kM+fd;k¡ gSaA
17- rqe fdlds lkFk Fks \ 40- iSu esa L;kgh ugha gSA
18- bl fny esa D;k gS] dkSu tkurk gS \ 41- dkj esa isVªksy Fkk A
19- ,d jktk FkkA mldh rhu jkfu;k¡ Fkha A 42- mlds fny esa cgqr nnZ gSA
20- njokts ij dkSu Fkk \ 43- mldh vkokt+ esa tknw gSA
21- ?kj esa fdrus yksx gSa \ 44- rqEgkjs xkus ds rjhds esa dqN rks ckr gSA
22- eu esa D;k gS rqEgkjs \ 45- dqN vkSj Hkh gSA
23- dEI;wVj esa fdrus xse gaS \
1. One may be wise to believe that I can fail thousand times but he would be a fool to
believe that I‟ll not try again.
mls le÷knkj dg ldrs gSa ftls ;s fo‛okl gks fd eSa gt+kj ckj Qsy gks ldrk g¡w ij oks ew[kZ gksxk tks ;s lksps fd eSa
nksckjk iz;kl ugha d#¡xkA
2. Every single time when I failed, I convinced myself just for one more try. I kept
doing it & eventually I won.
gj ,d ckj tc eSa gkjk] rks eSaus vius vki dks euk;k cl ,d ckj vkSjA eSaus gj ckj ,slk gh fd;k vkSj vkf[kjdkj eSa
thr x;kA
3. Never promise that you can‟ t keep.

vxj vki fuHkk ugha ldrs rks oknk dHkh er djksA
4. Men are not those, who are made by circumstances but those, who change the
circumstances.
bUlku oks ugha ftUgsa gkykr cny nsrs gSa] bUlku rks oks gSa tks gkykr gh cny nsrs gSaA
116
Answers
1- ml ?kj esa ,d NksVk cPpk FkkA There was a small kid in that home.
2- ogk¡ dqN ugha Fkk ‚kk;n A Perhaps/probably there was nothing.
3- ckYVh ds uhps dqN gSA There is something beneath the bucket.
4- lHkh yksx ogk¡ gksaxs A All the people will be there.
5- D;k esjk HkkbZ ogk¡ gksxk \ Will my brother be there?
6- ogk¡ iguus dks dqN ugha gSA There is nothing to wear.
7- dgus dh t+:jr ugha gSA There is no need to say.
8- tc dHkh rqe Fks] jke ugha FkkA Whenever you were there, Ram wasn‟ t there.
9- mlds HkkbZ ds fny esa dksbZ ckr ugha gSA There is nothing in his brother‟ s heart.
10- ckr djus dh dksbZ t+:jr ugha gSA There is no need to talk.
11- ,slk dqN ugha gSA There is nothing as such.
12- gekjs chp ,slk dqN ugha FkkA There was nothing as such between us.
13- fdrus yksx gSa \ How many people are there?
14- dqN gS D;k \ Is there something? / Is something there?
15- ml ?kj esa dqN gSA There is something in that house.
16- fdruk iSlk Fkk \ How much money was there?
17- rqe fdlds lkFk Fks \ With whom were you?
18- bl fny esa D;k gS] dkSu tkurk gS \ What‟ s in this heart, who knows?
19- ,d jktk FkkA mldh rhu jkfu;k¡ Fkha A There was a king. He had three queens.
20- njokts ij dkSu Fkk \ Who was there at the door?
21- ?kj esa fdrus yksx gSa \ How many people are there at home?
22- eu esa D;k gS rqEgkjs \ What is there in your mind/heart?
23- dEI;wVj esa fdrus xse gaS \ How many games are there in computer?
24- jke vkSj ‚;ke ds chp esa dkSu gS \ Who is there between Ram and Shyam?
25- esjs vkxs dksbZ ugha gSA Nobody is there ahead of me.
26- rqEgkjs ihNs dkSu Fkk \ Who was there behind you?
27- jke ds lkFk dkSu gS \ Who is there with Ram?
28- ikik ds lkeus eEeh Fkh A There was mom in front of dad.
29- esjs cxy esa dksbZ gS D;k \ Is someone there beside me?
30- ,d vkneh [kM+k gSA There is a man standing.
31- dksbZ yM+dh gSA There is some girl. / There is a girl.
32- dbZ ckrsa gSa tks eSa tkurk gw¡A There are lot many things/secrets that I know.
33- I;kj esa nwfj;k¡ ugha gksrh A There are no differences in love.
34- nksLrh esa FkSaSDl ugha gksrk A There is no thanks in friendship.
35- gekjs chp dqN ugha gSA There is nothing between us.
36- uy esa ikuh ugha gSA There is no water in the tap.
37- fny dks I;kj gSA There is love in heart.
38- rqEgkjs fny esa D;k gS \ What is there in your heart?
39- dejs esa f[kM+fd;k¡ gSaA There are windows in the room.
40- iSu esa L;kgh ugha gSA There is no ink in the pen.
41- dkj esa isVªksy Fkk A There was petrol in the car.
42- mlds fny esa cgqr nnZ gSA There is so much pain in his heart.
43- mldh vkokt+ esa tknw gSA There is a magic in his voice.
44- rqEgkjs xkus ds rjhds esa dqN rks ckr gSA There is something in your way of singing.
45- dqN vkSj Hkh gSA Something else is there.
117
Lesson – 18
Position Sense ¼fLFkfr dk Kku½
cxy esa – next to ¼uSDLV Vq½, adjacent¼,stklsUV½, beside ¼fclkbM½
vkxs – ahead of ¼vgSM vkWQ½
ihNs – behind ¼fcgkUM½
lkeus – in front of ¼bu ÝUV vkWQ½, before ¼fcQksj½
nk¡;h vksj – right to ¼jkbV Vq½, to the right of ¼Vq n jkbV vkWQ½
ck¡;h vksj – left to ¼yS¶V Vq½, to the left of ¼Vq n yS¶V vkWQ½
cxy esa nk¡;h vksj – immediate right to ¼behfM,V jkbV Vq½
cxy esa ck¡;h vksj – immediate left to ¼behfM,V yS¶V Vq½
vkb, uhps fn;s x;s Dykl ysvkmV dh enn ls le÷ksa &

Let‟ s understand with the help of following class layout –
Teacher
Divya Rashmi Masood Junaid Sandeep
Shalini Nitin Tarun Ram Mayank
ij ,d class layout fn;k x;k gSA Teacher dk psgjk cPpksa dh rjQ gSA Dykl esa cPps nks ykbuksa esa cSBs gSaA gj
ykbu esa 5 cPps gSaA
A class layout is given above. Teacher is facing the students. The students are sitting in two
rows. There are 5 students in each row.
vxj iwNk tk;s fd Divya ds nk¡;h vksj dkSu cSBk gS rks ‚kk;n vki dgksxs Rashmi A ;s ckr lgh gS fd Rashmi
okdbZ esa Divya ds nk¡bZ vksj cSBh gS ij Masood, Junaid vkSj Sandeep Hkh rks nk¡bZ vksj gh cSBs gSaA fQj vkius
flQZ Rashmi dk gh uke D;ksa fy;kA lgh mÙkj gksuk pkfg, & Divya ds nk¡;h vksj Rashmi, Masood,
Junaid vkSj Sandeep cSBs gSaA gk¡ vxj ;s iwNk tkrk fd Divya ds cxy esa nk¡;h vksj dkSu cSBk gS rks vki dgksxs
Rashmi A ;gha ls tUe gqvk immediate right vkSj immediate left dkA
If asked „Who is sitting right to Divya?‟, you would probably answer „Rashmi‟. „Rashmi‟ is
certainly to the right of Divya but what about Masood, Junaid & Sandeep? Aren‟ t they
sitting to the right of Divya too? Yes, they are. So ideally, you should‟ ve taken their names
as well. If you are asked „Who is sitting immediate right to Divya?‟, then you must answer
„Rashmi‟.
cxy esa nk¡;h vksj – immediate right to ¼behfM,V jkbV Vq½

cxy esa ck¡;h vksj – immediate left to ¼behfM,V yS¶V Vq½
118
Confusion between “in front of” & “ahead”
yksx vDlj confuse jgrs gSa fd in front of vkSj ahead dk iz;ksx dgk¡ ij djuk gSA
lksfp, vki ,d ykbu esa [kM+s gS vkSj vkids vkxs ,d vkneh [kM+k gS] mldh ihB vkidh rjQ gS blfy, oks vkids vkxsgS]
bls ahead dgsaxs vkSj vki mlds ihNs ;kfu behind.
lksfp, tc vki fdlh ls ckr dj jgs gSa rks mldh ihB vkidh rjQ ugha gS cfYd vki mldks ns[krs gq, ckr dj
jgs gSaA bl fLFkfr esa oks O;fDr vkids lkeus ;kfu in front of gSA bl fLFkfr ds fy, before dk iz;ksx Hkh fd;k
tkrk gSA bl rjg vkidks irk yx x;k fd before ds nks vFkZ gksrs gSa & ,d gS ÞigysÞ vkSj nwljk gS ÞlkeusÞA
cxy esa – next to ¼uSDLV Vq½, adjacent¼,stklsUV½, beside ¼fclkbM½
vkb, dqN mnkgj kksa ij xkSj djsa &

Let‟ s pay attention to a few examples –
1- Vhpj cPpksa ds lkeus cSBs gSaA

Teacher is sitting in front of the students.
2- jf'e fnO;k ds cxy esa nk¡;h vksj cSBh gSA

Rashmi is sitting immediate right to Divya.
3- Eklwn r# k ds vkxs cSBk gSA

Masood is sitting ahead of Tarun.
4- jke e;ad ds cxy esa cSBk gSA

Ram is sitting adjacent/next to/beside Mayank.
5- fufru r# k ds cxy esa ck¡;h vksj cSBk gSA

Nitin is sitting immediate left to Tarun.
6- 'kkfyuh jke ds ck¡;h vksj cSBh gSA

Shalini is sitting left to Ram.
or
Shalini is sitting to the left of Ram.
7- e;ad lUnhi ds ihNs cSBk gSA

Mayank is sitting behind Sandeep.
8- jke r# k vkSj e;ad ds cxy esa cSBk gSA

Ram is sitting beside Tarun & Mayank.
9- elwn jf‛e vkSj tqusn ds chp esa cSBk gSA

Masood is sitting between Rashmi and Junaid.
10- fnO;k] ‚kkfyuh] lanhi vkSj e;ad fcYdqy dksuksa esa cSBs gSaA
Divya, Shalini, Sandeep & Mayank are sitting in extreme corners.
119
Position Sense – Practice Exercise
1- rqe esjs nk¡;h vksj gksA 26- ge ck¡;h vksj [kM+s Fks A
2- D;k jke rqEgkjs lkeus Fkk \ 27- ge nk¡;h vksj [kM+s Fks A
3- eSa mlds vkxs [kM+k Fkk A 28- lhrk Dykl esa vdsyh Fkh A
4- jke ds vkxs fdrus yksx gSa \ 29- jke ogk¡ ij ugha FkkA
5- cPpksa ds Bhd lkeus v/;kid [kM+s gSaA 30- fnYYkh Hkkjr ds mRrj esa gSA
6- rqEgkjs ck¡;h vksj dkSu gS \ 31- dsjy Hkkjr ds nf{k k esa gSA
7- esjs cxy esa nk¡;h vksj lhrk cSBh gS A 32- caxky Hkkjr ds iwjc esa gSA
8- lhrk ds cxy esa ck¡;h vksj ,d yM+dk gSA 33- mlds lkeus dkSu Fkk \
9- eSa rqEgkjs ihNs FkkA 34- esjs vkxs ykbu esa rhu yksx [kM+s Fks A
10- mlds ihNs fdrus yksx [kM+s gSa \ 35- jke ds vkxs 2 vkneh FksA
11- jke ,d dksus esa cSBk gSA 36- esjs ihNs ykbu esa fdrus Fks \
12- esjs ck¡;h vksj dksbZ [kM+k ugha FkkA 37- esjs twrs dejs ds ,d dksus esa iM+s FksA
13- jkgqy esjs Bhd lkeus Fkk D;k \ 38- rqEgkjs twrs ds lkeus okys twrs esjs gaSA
14- esjs ?kj ds lkeus rqEgkjk ?kj gSA 39- oks rqEgkjs fdl rjQ gS \
15- esjk ?kj rqEgkjs ?kj ls Bhd vkxs okyk gSA 40- oks esjs nk¡;h vksj gSA
16- esjk ?kj rqEgkjs ?kj ls Bhd ihNs okyk gSA 41- nk¡;h vksj rks Bhd gS ij oks D;k cxy esa gS \
17- jksfgr ds nk¡;h vksj fdrus yksx gaS \ 42- gekjs chp 2 yM+fd;k¡ gSaA
18- lhrk ds ck¡;h vksj fdrus yM+ds gaS \ 43- lhrk vkSj xhrk ds chp fdrus gSa \
19- esjs nk¡;h vksj dksbZ ugha gSA 44- jksgu ds cxy esa dkSu gS \
20- D;k rqEgkjs nk¡;h vksj dksbZ gS \ 45- lhrk ds cxy esa dksbZ ugha gSA
21- D;k rqEgkjs ck¡;h vksj dksbZ ugha gS \ 46- jke vkxs gS vkSj eSa ihNsA
22- D;k rqEgkjs vkxs dksbZ gS \ 47- rqe nk¡;h vksj FksA
23- D;k rqEgkjs ihNs dksbZ ugha gS \ 48- rqEgkjs ihNs dkSu gS \ dksbZ ugha A
24- D;k rqEgkjs lkeus dksbZ gS \ 49- eSa fdl fn‛kk esa gw¡ \
25- D;k rqEgkjs cxy esa dksbZ gS \ 50- rqe bl oDr mÙkj dh vksj tk jgs gks A
1. Success does not consist in never making mistakes but in never making the same
one a second time.
2. Times wait for none.
3. To succeed in your mission, you must have single-minded devotion to your goal.
4. To live a creative life, we must lose our fear of being wrong.
120
Answers
1. You are right to me.
2. Was Ram in front of you?
3. I was standing ahead of him.
4. How many people are there ahead of Ram?
5. Teacher is standing just in front of the students.
6. Who is to the left of you? / Who is left to you?
7. Seeta is sitting immediate right to me.
8. A boy is immediate left to Seeta. / A boy is to the immediate left of Seeta.
9. I was behind you.
10. How many people are standing behind him?
11. Ram is sitting in a corner.
12. Nobody was standing to the left of me.
13. Was Rahul exactly in front of me?
14. Your house is in front of my house (mine).
15. My house is just ahead of yours?
16. My house is just behind yours?
17. How many people are there to the right of Rohit?
18. How many boys are there to the left of Seeta?
19. Nobody is to the right of me? / Nobody is right to me.
20. Is there someone to the right of you?
21. Is there no one to the left of you?
22. Is there someone ahead of you?
23. Is there no one behind you?
24. Is there someone in front of you?
25. Is there someone next to you? / Is there someone adjacent you? / Is there someone beside you?
26. We were standing on the left?
27. We were standing on the right?
28. Seeta was alone in the class.
29. Ram wasn‟t there.
30. Delhi is to the North of India. / Delhi is in the northern India.
31. Kerala is to the South of India. / Kerala is in the southern India.
32. Bengal is to the East of India. / Bengal is in the Eastern India.
33. Who was in front of him/ her?
34. There were three people standing ahead of me in the queue.
35. There were 2 men ahead of Ram.
36. How many were there behind me in the queue.
37. My shoes were lying in a corner of the room.
38. The shoes in front of your shoes are mine.
39. In which direction from you is he? / In which direction is he from you?
40. He is to the right of me.
41. Right side is fine but is he adjacent?
42. There are 2 girls between us.
43. How many are there between Seeta & Geeta?
44. Who is beside Rohan?
45. Nobody is beside Seeta.
46. Ram is ahead of me. / I am behind Ram.
47. You were on the right.
48. Who is behind you? No one.
49. In which direction am I?
50. You are going towards north at the moment.
121
Position Sense – Test Paper
Test-I
Q 1-20: Answer the questions below: 20 x 1 = 20
Teacher- Pooja Madam
Anjali Bikrant Aditya Archana Yashi
Binita Aman Amit Kuldeep Dimpal
Seema Soni Ayushi Abhishek Kalpana
1. Who is sitting next to Ayushi?

2. Who is sitting next to Seema?
3. Who is sitting immediate right to Kalpana?
4. Who is sitting adjacent Kuldeep?
5. Where is Pooja Madam standing?
6. How many people are sitting right to Bikrant?
7. Who is sitting behind Archana?
8. Who is sitting right to Binita?
9. Who is sitting immediate left to Yashi?
10. Who is sitting beside Aman?
11. Who are sitting at corners?
12. Who are sitting at the extreme right?
13. Who are sitting at the extreme left?
14. Where is Anjali Sitting?
15. Who is sitting right to Dimpal?
16. Who is sitting immediate left to Abhishek?
17. Who is sitting left to Soni?
18. Who are sitting in row number 2?
19. Who are sitting in column number 4?
20. Who are sitting in column number 1?
122
Answers
1. Who is sitting next to Ayushi? Soni and Abhishek.

2. Who is sitting next to Seema? Soni.
3. Who is sitting immediate right to Kalpana? Nobody.
4. Who is sitting adjacent Kuldeep? Amit and Dimpal.
5. Where is Pooja Madam standing? In front of students
6. How many people are sitting right to Bikrant? Aditya, Archana and Yashi.
7. Who is sitting behind Archana? Kuldeep.
8. Who is sitting right to Binita? Aman, Amit, Kuldeep and Dimple.
9. Who is sitting immediate left to Yashi? Archana.
10. Who is sitting beside Aman? Binita and Amit.
11. Who are sitting at corners? Anjali, Yashi, Seema & Kalpana.
12. Who are sitting at the extreme right? Yashi, Dimple and Kalpana.
13. Who are sitting at the extreme left? Anjali, Binita and Seema.
14. Where is Anjali Sitting? 1st row extreme left corner.
15. Who is sitting right to Dimpal? Nobody.
16. Who is sitting immediate left to Abhishek? Ayushi.
17. Who is sitting left to Soni? Seema.
18. Who are sitting in row number 2? Binita, Aman, Amit, Kuldeep & Dimple
19. Who are sitting in column number 4? Archana, Kuldeep & Abhishek.
20. Who are sitting in column number 1? Anjali, Binita and Seema
1. Be nice to people on your way up, because you meet them on your way down.
miyfC/k;ksa dh rjQ c<+rs gq, tks Hkh feys mls bT+tr nks D;ksafd vxj dHkh uhps vkuk iM+k rks vki mUgha ls
feyksxsA
2. Never waste what you have, for something that you don‟ t have today.
Remember, what you have now, you had desired some day.
tks vkt gS mls O;FkZ er tkus nks mldh pkgr esa tks vkt ugha gSA D;ksafd ;kn jgs tks vkt gS mldh pkgr
Hkh vkius dHkh dh FkhA
3. It doesn‟ t matter how much you possess, what matters is, who earned it, you
or your ancestors.
;s ek;us ugha j[krk fd vkids ikl fdruk gS] ek;us ;s j[krk gS fd dek;k fdlus] vkius ;k vkids iwoZtksa usA
123
Lesson – 19
Tense ¼dky½
Tense fdlh Hkh okD; esa fØ;k dk og #i gS ftlds ek/;e ls ;g irk pyrk gS fd okD; esa fd;s dk;Z dk
le; ds lkFk D;k lEcU/k gS; dk;Z orZeku esa gks jgk gS] chrs gq, le; esa gqvk Fkk ;k Hkfo’; esa gksus okyk gSA
;gh dkj k gS fd orZeku] Hkwrdky o Hkfo’; dky ds okD;ksa esa lgk;d fØ;k,¡ fHkUu gksrh gSA
;s ,d egRoiwkZ VkWfid gSA bl pSIVj dks vPNh rjg le÷ks fcuk vki vaxzst+h esa dHkh idM+ ugha cuk ldrsA
geus iz;kl fd;k gS fd ge vkidks gj #y ckjhdh ls le÷kk, vkSj vkils ;gh mEehn gS fd vki dksbZ dlj
u NksM+saA
vkWfM;ks ySDpj dks /;ku ls lqurs gq, bl pSIVj ds gj dkWUlsIV dks ckjhdh ls le÷ksaA
‚kq#vkr djus ls igys vkidks irk gksuk pkfg, &
1- okD;(Sentence) ds rhu Hkkx gksrs gSa: Subject, Verb vkSj Object.

2- 1st Person, 2nd Person vkSj 3rd Person ds Singular-Plural Subject dk Concept
3- Sentences ds Types: Affirmative, Negative, Interrogative & Negative Interrogative
4- Main verbs¼eq[; fØ;k½ dh 3 forms gksrh gSa
5- „WH‟ Family
ij fn;s x;s igys rhu dkWUlsIV Lesson No. 2 esa foLrkj ls le÷kk;s x;s gSa] pkSFkk dkWUlsIV “Verbs” pSIVj esa vkSj
vkf[kjh dkWUlsIV “WH Family” pSIVj esa foLrkj ls le÷kk;s x;s gSaA igys bUgsa vPNh rjg le÷k ysa fQj bl pSIVj esa
vkxs c<+sa rkfd vkidks bl pSIVj esa fn;s x;s fu;e vklkuh ls le÷k vk ldsaA
uhps nh x;h nksuksa Table bUgha dkWUlsIV ds mnkgj k gSaA
Table 1:
Examples: Sentences & Their Parts: “Subject”, “Main Verb” & “Object”
Sentence Subject Main Verb Object

jke ?kwerk gSA jke ?kweuk -
yksx ukp jgs gSaA yksx ukpuk -
ge yksx Vhoh ns[k jgs gSaA ge yksx ns[kuk Vhoh
eq>s ,d ?kM+h feyh gSA eq>s feyuk ?kM+h
fxykl ls ikuh fudy jgk gSA ikuh fudyuk fxykl
1. We must win the final war irrespective of how many battles we‟ve lost before.
QdZ ugha iM+rk fd fdruh yM+kbZ;k¡ ge igys gkj pqds gSa] gesa vafre ;q) thruk gSA
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Table 2:
Examples: Sentence Types
Sentence Type Example 1 Example 2 Example 3

Affirmative
eq>s ?kM+h feyh gSA yksx ukp jgs gSaA jke ?kwerk gSA
(ldkjkRed)
Negative
eq>s ?kM+h ugha feyh gSA yksx ukp ugha jgs gSaA jke ugha ?kwerk gSA
(udkjkRed)
Interrogative
D;k eq>s ?kM+h feyh gS\ D;k yksx ukp jgs gSa\ jke fdlds lkFk ?kwerk gS\
(iz‛uokpd)
Negative
Interrogative D;k eq>s ?kM+h ugha feyh gS\ D;k yksx ugha ukp jgs gSa\ D;k jke ugha ?kwerk gS\
(udkjkRed iz‛uokpd)
“WH Family” 1- eq>s ?kM+h dgk¡ feyh gS\ 1- yksx D;ksa ugha ukp jgs gSa\ 1- jke fdlds lkFk ?kwerk gS\
Interrogative 2- eq>s ?kM+h dSls feyh gS\ 2- yksx dc ls ukp jgs gSa\ 2- jke D;ksa ugha ?kwerk gS\
Sentences
Tenses –Types
Tense rhu izdkj ds gksrs gSaA (There are three types of Tenses)
1) Present ¼izSt+saV½ & orZeku dky
2) Past ¼ikLV½ & Hkwr dky
3) Future ¼¶;wpj½ & Hkfo’;r~ dky
izR;sd ds pkj izdkj gksrs gSaA (Each one has four sub types)
1) Indefinite 2) Continuous 3) Perfect 4) Perfect continuous.
lgk;d fØ;k,¡ ml okD; esa fd;s x;s dk;Z ds le; ds ckjs esa crkrh gSa] bl vk/kkj ij bUgsa rhu oxksZa esa oxhZÑr fd;k tk ldrk
gS (Helping verbs refer to the time of the action in a sentence, hence it can be classified in 3
categories) &
Tense Helping Verbs

Present Tense Helping Verbs do, does, is, am, are, has, have, has been, have been.
Past Tense Helping Verbs did, was, were, had, had been
Future Tense Helping Verbs will, will be, will have, will have been
uksV & vc Helping Verb “Shall” dk iz;ksx Future Tense Helping Verbs ds #i esa izk;% ugha fd;k tkrk gSA
Good things come to people who wait, but better things come to those who go out and get them.
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Present Indefinite Tense
bl Tense esa eq[; fØ;k ds lkFk rk] rs] rh dk iz;ksx gksrk gSA
tSls - jke ?kwerk gS] lhrk ukprh gS] yksx ?kwers gSa] oks ugha tkrk vkfnA
Affirmative (ldkjkRed okD;)
Rule: Subject + verb 1st form+ s, es (3rd Person singular subject ds lkFk) + object.
vxj Subject “3rd Person singular” gS rks eq[; fØ;k ds lkFk s ;k es dk iz;ksx gksrk gS vU;Fkk ugha gksrkA Only
if the subject is “3rd Person singular”, we must use „s‟ or „es‟ with the main verb or else we
mustn‟t.
¼vxj First Person, Second Person ;k Third Person ds Singular-Plural dkWUlsIV esa vkidks dksbZ fnDdr
vk;s rks Lesson-2 nksckjk if<+,A½
vc ;s tkuuk t+#jh gS fd fdu eq[; fØ;kvksa ds lkFk „s‟ vkSj fdu eq[; fØ;kvksa ds lkFk „es‟ dk iz;ksx gksxkA vxj
vki ;s tku ysa fd fdu eq[; fØ;kvksa ds lkFk „es‟ dk iz;ksx gksxk rks ;s Li’V gks tk;sxk fd ckdh cph gqbZ lHkh eq[;
fØ;kvksa ds lkFk „s‟ dk iz;ksx gksxkA
Now the question is; when to put „s‟ & when to put „es‟ with the main verb. If we let you know
when to put „es‟ with the main verb, then it would be understood that the rests would put „s‟….
Let‟s understand with the help of following table:
When to put „es‟ with main verb

Ekq[; fØ;k ds lkFk „es‟ dc yxk;sa
Rule Examples
With the main verbs ending with letter „o‟ Goes, Does etc.
ftu eq[; fØ;kvksa ds vUr esa v{kj „o‟ gks
With the main verbs ending with „ss‟ or „sh‟ Kisses, Misses, Passes,
ftu eq[; fØ;kvksa ds vUr esa „ss‟ ;k „sh‟ gks Pushes, Rushes etc.
With the main verbs ending with „x‟, „zz‟ or „ch‟ Fixes , Relaxes ,
ftu eq[; fØ;kvksa ds vUr esa „x‟, „zz‟ ;k „ch‟ gks Buzzes , Catches ,
Reaches etc.
With the main verbs ending with „Consonant + y‟. Such main verbs end Cry – Cries
with „y‟ but „y‟ is preceded by a consonant i.e. b, c, d, f, g etc. In such Marry – Marries
cases, we first change „y‟ to „i‟, and then put „es‟. Try – Tries
Fly – Flies
ftu eq[; fØ;kvksa ds vUr esa „O;atu + y‟ gks ;kfu eq[; fØ;k dk vUr rks y ls gks
ysfdu y ls igys dksbZ O;atu gks tSls b, c, d, f, g vkfnA ,sls esa gksrk ;g gS fd lcls
igys rks „y‟dks cnyk tkrk gS „i‟ esa] mlds ckn „es‟ dk iz;ksx gksrk gSA
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A Special Case of not using „es‟
When not to put ‘es’ with main verb (Ekq[; fØ;k ds lkFk ‘es‟ dc u yxk;sa)
With the main verbs ending with „Vowel + y‟. Such main verbs end with Say – Says
„y‟ but „y‟ is preceded by a vowel i.e. a, e, i, o, u. In such cases, we simply Play – Plays
put „s‟.
ftu eq[; fØ;kvksa ds vUr esa „Loj + y‟ gks ;kfu eq[; fØ;k dk vUr rks y ls gks ysfdu y
ls igys dksbZ Loj gks tSls a, e, i, o, u. ,sls esa „y‟ ds ckn dsoy „s‟ dk iz;ksx gksrk gSA
vkb, vc ‚kq#vkr djsa okD;ksa dhA
S.No fgUnh okD; English Sentences Comments

1. jke ?kweus tkrk gSA Ram goes for a walk. Subject(Ram) „3rd Person Singular‟ gS]
blfy, go ds lkFk es yxk gSA
2. eSa [ksyrk g¡wA I play. Subject(I) „1st Person Singular‟ gS]
blfy, play ds lkFk s ugha yxk gSA
3. veu esjs lkFk jgrk gSA Aman lives with me. Subject(Aman) „3rd Person Singular‟
gS] blfy, live ds lkFk s yxk gSA
4. ge g¡lrs gSaA We laugh. Subject(We) „1st Person Plural‟ gS ]
blfy, laugh ds lkFk s ugha yxk gSA
5. ?kko ls [kwu fudyrk gSA Blood oozes from the Subject(Blood) „3rd Person Singular‟
wound. gS] blfy, ooze ds lkFk s yxk gSA
Negative (udkjkRed okD;)

Rule: Subject + does/do + not + verb 1st form + object.
vxj Subject “3rd Person singular” gS rks does not dk iz;ksx gksrk gS vU;Fkk do not dk iz;ksxA

1. jke ?kweus ugha tkrk gSA Ram does not go for a walk. Subject(Ram) „3rd Person
Singular‟ gS] blfy, does not dk
iz;ksx fd;k gSA
2. eSa ugha [ksyrk g¡wA I do not play. Subject(I) „1st Person Singular‟ gS]
blfy, do not dk iz;ksx fd;k gSA
3. Oks yksx esjs lkFk ugha They people do not live Subject(They people) „3rd Person
jgrs gSaA with me. Plural‟ gS] blfy, do not dk iz;ksx
fd;k gSA
4. vady eq÷kls ugha feyrs Uncle doesn‟ t meet me. Subject(Uncle) „3rd Person
gSaA Singular‟ gS] blfy, does not dk
iz;ksx fd;k gSA
5. mlds ekrk firk ml ij His parents do not trust Subject(His parents) „3rd Person
Hkjkslk ugha djrsA him. Plural‟ gS] blfy, do not dk iz;ksx
fd;k gSA
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Interrogative (iz‛uokpd okD;)
Rule: <Wh family> + does/do + subject + verb 1st form + object?
iz'uokpd okD;ksa esa helping verb (do, does) subject ls igys vk tkrh gSA vkSj vxj okD; es Wh family
tSls who, why, when, what, which, until when, since when, how long vkfn dk iz;ksx gks rks
oks rks lcls igys gh iz;ksx dh tkrh gSA
S.No fgUnh okD; English Sentences

1. D;k jke ?kweus tkrk gS\ Does Ram go for a walk?
2. D;k eSa Ldwy tkrk g¡w\ Do I go to school?
3. D;k og LVst+ ij ukprh gS\ Does she dance on the stage?
4. veu rqEgkjs lkFk D;ksa jgrk gS\ Why does Aman live with you?
5. os cPps rqEgkjs lkFk dc ls jgrs gS\ Since when do they children live with you?
6. ge dc rd lkFk [ksyrs gSa\ Until when do we play together?
Negative Interrogative (udkjkRed iz‛uokpd okD;)
Rule: <Wh family> + does/do + subject + not + verb 1st form + object?

1. D;k jke ?kweus ugha tkrk gS\ Does Ram not go for a walk?
2. iadt rqEgkjs lkFk D;ksa ugha i<+rk\ Why does Pankaj not study with you?
3. rqe dkSu lk [ksy ugha [ksyrs\ Which game do you not play?
4. eEeh mls D;ksa ugha Mk¡Vrh\ Why does mom not scold him/her?
Present Continuous Tense
bl Tense esa eq[; fØ;k ds lkFk jgk gS] jgh gS] jgs gSa] jgk gw¡ dk iz;ksx gksrk gSA
tSls - jke ?kwe jgk gS] lhrk ukp jgh gS] yksx ?kwe jgsa gSa] eSa ?kwe jgk gw¡A vkfn

Rule: Subject + is/am/are + verb 1st form+ ing + object.
„3rd Person Singular Subject‟ ds lkFk & is dk iz;ksx

„1st Person Singular Subject‟ ;kfu „I‟ ds lkFk & am dk iz;ksx
ckdh Subjects ds lkFk & are dk iz;ksx
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1. jke Ldwy tk jgk gSA Ram is going to school. Subject(Ram ) „3rd Person
Singular‟ gS] blfy, is yxk gSA
2. og ?kweus tk jgk gSA He is going for a walk. Subject(He) „3rd Person
Singular‟ gS] blfy, is yxk gSA
3. eSa ?kj vk jgk gw¡A I am coming home. Subject(I) „1st Person singular‟
gS] blfy, am yxk gSA
4. esjk fny rqEgsa <+w¡< jgk gSA My heart is looking for Subject(My heart) „3rd Person
you. singular‟ gS] blfy, is yxk gSA
5. yksx mldk et+kd mM+k jgs People are making fun of Subject(People) „3rd Person
gSaA him. Plural‟ gS] blfy, are yxk gSA
Rule: Subject + is/am/are + not + verb 1st form+ ing + object.

1. jke ?kweus ugha tk jgk gSA Ram is not going for a walk.
2. oks dgha ugha tk jgk gSA He is not going anywhere.
3. eSa vkt ugha i<+ jgk gw¡A I am not studying today.
4. yksx mlls ckr ugha dj jgs gSaA People are not talking to him.
<Wh family> + is/am/are + subject + verb 1st form+ ing + object?
iz'uokpd okD;ksa esa helping verb (is, am, are) subject ls igys vk tkrh gSA vkSj vxj okD; es Wh
family tSls who, why, when, what, which, until when, since when, how long vkfn dk iz;ksx
gks rks oks rks lcls igys gh iz;ksx dh tkrh gSA

1. D;k og ?kweus tk jgk gS\ Is he going for a walk?
2. D;k yksx LVst+ ij ukp jgs gSa\ Are people dancing on the stage?
3. oks cPps rqEgkjs lkFk dgk¡ ij [ksy jgss gSa\ Where are those children playing with you?
<Wh family> + is/am/are + subject + not + verb 1st form+ ing + object?

1. D;k jke ?kweus ugha tk jgk gS\ Is Ram not going for a walk?
2. veu ckr D;ksa ugha dj jgk gS\ Why is Aman not talking?
3. oks Ldwy D;ksa ugha tk jgk\ Why is he not going to school?
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Present Perfect Tense
bl Tense esa eq[; fØ;k ds lkFk pqdk gS] pqdh gS] pqds gSa] pqdk g¡w] fy;k gS] fn;k gS] yh gS] nh gS] dh gS vkfn dk
iz;ksx gksrk gSA
tSls - jke ?kwe pqdk gS ] lhrk ukp pqdh gS ] yksx ?kwe pqds gSa] eSa ?kwe fy;k / pqdk g¡wA] mlus xyrh dh gS] geus
fdrkc nh gS vkfnA
vxj ge dgsa fd eq>s ?kM+h feyh gS rks bldk lh/kk lk eryc gS fd eq>s ?kM+h fey pqdh gSA

Rule: Subject + has/have + verb 3rd form + object.
„3rd Person singular Subject‟ ds lkFk & has

ckdh lHkh Subjects ds lkFk & have

1. jke Ldwy tk pqdk gSA Ram has gone to school. Subject(Ram) „3rd Person
Singular Subject‟ gS blfy, has
yxk gSA
2. eSa dke dj pqdk gw¡A I have done the work. or Subject(I) „1st Person Singular
I have worked. Subject‟ gS blfy, have yxk gSA
3. geus rqEgsa ns[k fy;k gSA We have seen you. Subject(We) „1st Person Plural
Subject‟ gS blfy, have yxk gSA
4. eSaus mls ,d fdrkc nh gSA I have given him a book. Subject(I) „1st Person Singular
Subject‟ gS blfy, have yxk gSA
5. mu cPpksa us jke ls iSls Those children have Subject(Those children) „3rd
fy;s gSaA taken money from Ram. Person Plural Subject‟ gS blfy,
have yxk gSA
6. ml yM+dh us LdwVh [kjhnh That girl has purchased Subject(That girl) „3rd Person
gSA a scooty. Singular Subject‟ gS blfy, has
yxk gSA
Rule: Subject + has/have+ not + verb 3rd form + object.

1. geus rqEgsa ugha ns[kk gSA We have not seen you.
2. eSaus mls dksbZ fdrkc ugha nh gSA I haven‟ t given him any book.
3. vjuoh us iSls ugha fy;s gSaA Arnavi has not taken the money.

Rule: <Wh family> + has/have + subject + verb 3rd form + object?
iz‛uokpd okD;ksa esa helping verb (has, have) subject ls igys vk tkrh gSA vkSj vxj okD; es Wh
family tSls who, why, when, what, which, until when, since when, how long vkfn dk
iz;ksx gks rks oks rks lcls igys gh iz;ksx dh tkrh gSA
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1. D;k jke ?kweus x;k gS\ Has Ram gone for a walk?
2. veu us fdrkc D;ksa yh gS\ Why has Aman taken the book?
3. os nksuksa dgk¡ x;s gSa\ Where have they both gone?

Rule: <Wh family> + has/have + subject + not + verb 3rd form + object?

1. eSaus D;k fd;k gS\ What have I done?
2. D;k rqeus vkt [kkuk ugha cuk;k gS\ Have you not cooked the food today?
3. veu us vc rd fdrkc D;ksa ugha [kjhnh gS\ Why has Aman not purchased the
book yet?
Present Perfect Continuous Tense

bl Tense esa eq[; fØ;k ds lkFk jgk gS] jgh gS] jgs gSa] jgk gw¡ dk iz;ksx gksrk gSA fcYdqy oSls gh tSls Continuous
tense esa gksrk gSA
QdZ flQZ bruk gS fd ;gk¡ ij le; ds ckjs esa Hkh crk;k tkrk gSA vkSj /;ku jgs le; ds lkFk *ls* dk iz;ksx gksrk gSA
tSls - jke 2 ?kaVs ls ?kwe jgk gS] lhrk 4 fnu ls ukp jgh gS] yksx 10 cts ls ?kwe jgs gSa] eSa lqcg ls jks jgk gw¡A vkfn
le; ds ckjs esa crk;s tkus ij Since ;k For dk iz;ksx gksrk gSA
Since dk iz;ksx fuf‛pr le; ds fy, vkSj For dk iz;ksx vfuf‛pr le; ds fy, ;kfu vof/k (Duration) ds fy,A

fuf‛pr le; ds lkFk iz;ksx gksrk gS tc Hkh dHkh okD; esa
jgk] jgh] jgs dk iz;ksx gksrk gSA („since‟ refers to
point of time when the sentence is in
continuous form) 1. I have been studying
since morning.
mnkgj k & ¼eSa lqcg ls i<+ jgk gw¡A½
1. Since 2 AM/ 2 PM/ 2 o‟ clock/ 3 o‟ clock
Since etc. 2. He has been trying
¼ls½ 2. Since 1998/ 2005/ 2009/ 2012 etc. since Monday.
3. Since Monday/ Tuesday…… Sunday ¼oks lkseokj ls dksf‛k‛k dj jgk
4. Since morning/ evening/ afternoon/ gSA½
night
5. Since yesterday/day before yesterday
6. Since childhood/birth
7. Since that day
8. Since my dad was born
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vfuf'pr le; ;kfu le; dh vof/k ds lkFk iz;ksx gksrk gS tc Hkh 1. I have been
dHkh okD; esa jgk] jgh] jgs dk iz;ksx gksrk gSA (For is used for studying for 2 hours.
duration of time when the sentence is in ¼eSa 2 ?kaVs ls i<+ jgk gw¡A½
For continuous form)
mnkgj k & 2. He has been trying
¼ls½ 1. For 2 seconds/ 2 minutes/ 2 hours / 2 days/ for many days.
2 weeks/ 2 months/ 2 years / 2 centuries etc. ¼oks dbZ fnuksa ls dksf‛k‛k dj
2. For a long (dkQh nsj ls) jgk gSA½
3. For a while (dqN nsj ls)
4. For many days/ hours/ months/ years etc.

Rule:
Subject + has/have been + verb 1st form+ ing + object+ since/for + <point of
time/duration>.
„3rd Person singular Subject‟ ds lkFk & has been

ckdh lHkh Subjects ds lkFk & have been

1. jke 2 ?kaVs ls ?kwe jgk gSA Ram has been walking for Subject(Ram) „3rd Person
2 hours. Singular Subject‟ gS blfy, has
been yxk gSA
2. og 4 cts ls i<+ jgk gSA He has been studying Subject(He) „3rd Person
since 4 o‟ clock. Singular Subject‟ gS blfy, has
been yxk gSA
3. eSa lqcg ls xkus xk jgk I have been singing songs Subject(I) „1st Person Singular
gw¡A since morning. Subject‟ gS blfy, have been yxk
gSA
4. oks dy ‚kke ls eq÷kls yM+ He has been fighting with Subject(He) „3rd Person
jgk gSA me since yesterday Singular Subject‟ gS blfy, has
evening. been yxk gSA
5. cPps dbZ fnuksa ls ;s ukVd Children have been Subject(Children) „3rd Person
ns[k jgs gSaA watching this serial for Plural Subject‟ gS blfy, have
many days. been yxk gSA

Subject + has/have + not been+verb 1st form+ ing+ object+ since/for + <point of
time/duration>.

1. jke 2 ?kaVs ls ugha ?kwe jgk gSA Ram has not been walking for 2 hours.
2. og 4 cts ls ugha i<+ jgk gSA He has not been studying since 4 o‟ clock.
3. eSa lqcg ls xkus ugha xk jgk gw¡A I have not been singing songs since morning.
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<Wh family> + has/have + subject + been + verb 1st form+ ing + object+ since/for + <point of
time/duration>?
iz‛uokpd okD;ksa esa helping verb (has, have ) subject ls igys vk tkrh gSA vkSj vxj okD; es Wh

1. jke 2 ?kaVs ls D;ksa ?kwe jgk gS\ Why has Ram been walking for 2 hours?
2. eSa dc ls xkus xk jgk gw¡\ Since when have I been singing songs?

<Wh family> + has/have + subject + not + been + verb 1st form+ ing + object+ since/for +
<point of time/duration>?

1. oks lqcg ls D;ksa ugha i<+ jgk gS\ Why has he not been studying since morning?
2. D;k og 4 cts ls ugha i<+ jgk gS\ Has he not been studying since 4 o‟ clock?
Past Indefinite Tense

bl Tense esa eq[; fØ;k ds lkFk x;k] fy;k] fn;k] lks;k] nh] yh] dh vkfn dk iz;ksx gksrk gSA bl Tense esa dHkh Hkh
gS] gSa] gks] gw¡ ;k fQj Fkk] Fks] Fkh dk iz;ksx ugha gksrkA
tSls - jke ?kweus x;k] lhrk jksus yxh] yksxksa us pk; ih] eSa ?kweus x;k vkfnA

Rule: Subject + verb 2nd form + object.
Subject pkgs singular gks ;k Plural, Rules ,d tSls gSaA

1. jke ?kweus x;kA Ram went for a walk. „Went‟ is the 2nd form of „go‟.
2. mlus ,d i= fy[kkA He wrote a letter. „Wrote‟ is the 2nd form of „write‟.
3. eSaus mls I;kj fd;kA I loved him/her. „Loved‟ is the 2nd form of „love‟.
4. mlus xyrh dhA He/she made a mistake. „Made‟ is the 2nd form of „make‟.
(xyrh ds lkFk make dk iz;ksx gksrk gSA½
5. yksxksa us gels ckr dhA People spoke with us. „Spoke‟ is the 2nd form of „Speak‟.
6. geus fd;kA We did. „Did‟ is the 2nd form of „do‟.
7. rqeus [kkuk [kk;kA You ate the food. „Ate‟ is the 2nd form of „eat‟.
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Rule: Subject + did not + verb 1st form + object.

1. jke ?kweus ugha x;kA Ram did not go for a walk.
2. mlus ,d i= ugha fy[kkA He did not write a letter.
3. eSaus mls I;kj ugha fd;kA I did not love him/her.
4. yksx LVst+ ij ugha x;sA People did not go on stage.
5. mlus xyrh ugha dhA He/she did not make a mistake.

Rule: <Wh Family> + did + subject + verb 1st form + object?
iz‛uokpd okD;ksa esa helping verb (did) subject ls igys vk tkrh gSA vkSj vxj okD; es Wh family tSls
who, why, when, what, which, until when, since when, how long vkfn dk iz;ksx gks rks oks rks
lcls igys gh iz;ksx dh tkrh gSA

1. D;k jke ?kweus x;k\ Did Ram go for a walk?
2. mlus i= D;ksa fy[kk\ Why did he write the letter?
3. geus xyrh dc dh\ When did we make a mistake?

Rule: <Wh Family> + Did + Subject + not + Verb 1st form + object?

1. D;k eSaus mls I;kj ugha fd;k\ Did I not love her?
2. yksx LVst+ ij dc rd ugha vk;s\ Until when did people not come on stage?
3. mlus ,slk D;ksa ugha fd;k\ Why did he not do so?
Past Continuous Tense

bl Tense esa eq[; fØ;k ds lkFk jgk Fkk] jgh Fkh] jgs Fks dk iz;ksx gksrk gSA
tSls - jke ?kwe jgk Fkk] lhrk ukp jgh Fkh] yksx ?kwe jgs Fkk] eSa ?kwe jgk FkkA vkfn

Rule: Subject + was/were + verb 1st form+ ing + object.
Singular Subject ds lkFk & was

Plural Subject ds lkFk &were

1. eSa ?kweus tk jgk FkkA I was going for a walk. Subject(I) „1st Person Singular
Subject‟ gS] blfy, was yxk gSA
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2. yksx LVst+ ij ukp jgs People were dancing on Subject(People) „3rd Person Plural
FksA the stage. Subject‟ gS] blfy, were yxk gSA
3. og i= fy[k jgh FkhA She was writing a letter. Subject(She) „3rd Person Singular
Subject‟ gS] blfy, was yxk gSA

Rule: Subject + was/were + not + verb 1st form+ ing + object.

1. jke ?kweus ugha tk jgk FkkA Ram was not going for a walk.
2. og rqEgkjs ckjs esa ugha lksp jgk FkkA He was not thinking about you.

Rule: <Wh Family> + was/were + subject + verb 1st form+ ing + object?
iz‛uokpd okD;ksa esa helping verb (was, were) subject ls igys vk tkrh gSA vkSj vxj okD; es Wh

1. jke dgk¡ tk jgk Fkk\ Where was Ram going?
2. og D;k dj jgh Fkh\ What was she doing?
4. D;k yksx LVst+ ij ukp jgs Fks\ Were People dancing on the stage?

<Wh Family> + was/were + subject + not + verb 1st form+ ing + object?

1. eEeh D;ksa ugha Mk¡V jgh Fkh\ Why was Mom not scolding?
2. D;k og ?kweus ugha tk jgk Fkk\ Was he not going for a walk?
5. D;k ;‛kh ugha fy[k jgh Fkh\ Was Yashi not writing?
Past Perfect Tense
bl Tense esa eq[; fØ;k ds lkFk pqdk Fkk] pqdh Fkh] pqds Fks] fy;k Fkk] fn;k Fkk] nh Fkh] yh Fkh] dh Fkh vkfn dk iz;ksx
gksrk gSA
tSls - jke ?kwe pqdk Fkk ] lhrk ukp pqdh Fkh ] yksx ?kwe pqds Fks] eSa ?kwe pqdk Fkk vkfn
vxj eSa dgw¡ & eq>s ?kM+h feyh Fkh rks bldk lh/kk lk eryc gS fd eq>s ?kM+h fey pqdh/x;h FkhA

Rule: Subject + had + verb 3rd form + object.
Subject pkgs „Singular‟ gks ;k „Plural‟ , „had‟ dk iz;ksx gksrk gSA
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1. jke ?kweus tk pqdk FkkA Ram had gone for a walk.
2. eSa ?kweus x;k FkkA I had gone for a walk.
3. yksx LVst+ ij ukps FksA People had danced on the stage.

Rule: Subject + had + not + verb 3rd form + object.

1. vfHk’ksd Ldwy ugha x;k FkkA Abhishek had not gone to school.
2. eSaus rqEgsa ugha ns[kk FkkA I had not seen you.
3. cPpksa us gkseodZ ugha fd;k FkkA Students hadn‟ t done the homework.

Rule: <Wh Family> + had + subject + verb 3rd form + object?
iz‛uokpd okD;ksa esa helping verb (had) subject ls igys vk tkrh gSA vkSj vxj okD; es Wh family tSls

1. D;k jke tk pqdk Fkk\ Had Ram left?
2. mlus i= D;ksa fy[kk Fkk\ Why had she written a letter?
3. eSaus dke fdlds fy, fd;k Fkk\ For whom had I done the work?

Rule: <Wh Family> + had + subject + not + verb 3rd form + object?

1. D;k jke ?kweus ugha x;k Fkk\ Had Ram not gone for a walk?
2. D;k yksx LVst+ ij ugha ukps Fks\ Had people not danced on the stage?
3. mlus i= dc rd ugha fy[kk Fkk\ Until when had she not written the letter?
Past Perfect Continuous Tense
bl Tense esa eq[; fØ;k ds lkFk jgk Fkk] jgh Fkh] jgs Fks dk iz;ksx gksrk gSA fcYdqy oSls gh tSls Continuous
tense esa gksrk gSA QdZ flQZ bruk gS fd ;gk¡ ij le; ds ckjs esa Hkh crk;k tkrk gSA
tSls - jke 2 ?kaVs ls ?kwe jgk Fkk] lhrk 4 fnu ls ukp jgh Fkh] yksx 10 cts ls ?kwe jgs Fks] eSa lqcg ls jks jgk Fkk vkfnA
le; ds ckjs esa crk;s tkus ij Since vkSj For dk iz;ksx gksrk gSA
Since dk iz;ksx fuf‛pr le; ds fy, vkSj For dk iz;ksx vfuf‛pr le; ds fy, vFkkZr vof/k(Duration) ds
fy,A dgk¡ ij Since vkSj dgk¡ ij For dk iz;ksx gksxk] ;g vkidks Present Perfect Continuous Tense
i<+krs oDr crk;k x;k FkkA
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Subject + had been + verb 1st form+ ing + object+ since/for + <point of time/duration>.
Subject pkgs Singular gks pkgs Plural, „Had been‟ dk gh iz;ksx lgk;d fØ;k ds #i esa gksrk gSA

1. jke 2 ?kaVs ls ?kwe jgk FkkA Ram had been walking for 2 hours.
2. og 4 cts ls i<+ jgk FkkA He had been studying since 4 o‟ clock.
3. eSa lqcg ls xkuk xk jgk FkkA I had been singing a song since morning.

Subject + had not been + verb 1st form+ ing+ object+ since/for + <point of time/duration>.

1. jke 2 ?kaVs ls ugha ?kwe jgk FkkA Ram had not been walking for 2 hours.
2. og 4 cts ls i<+ ugha jgk FkkA He had not been studying since 4 o‟ clock.
3. eSa lqcg ls xkus ugha xk jgk FkkA I had not been singing songs since morning.
Interrogative (iz‛uokpd okD; )

<Wh family> + had + subject + been + verb 1st form+ ing + object+ since/for + <point of
time/duration>?
iz‛uokpd okD;ksa esa helping verb (had) subject ls igys vk tkrh gSA vkSj vxj okD; es Wh family tSls

1. D;k og lqcg ls i<+ jgk Fkk\ Had he been studying since morning?
2. oks dc ls esjk bUrt+kj dj jgk Fkk \ Since when had he been waiting for me?

<Wh family> + had + Subject + not + been + Verb 1st form+ ing + object+ since/for + <point
of time/duration>?

1. D;k og 4 cts ls i<+ ugha jgk Fkk\ Had he not been studying since 4 o‟ clock?
2. D;k oks i<+ ugha jgk Fkk tc ls ikik Had he not been studying since dad left?
x;s\
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Future Indefinite Tense
bl Tense esa eq[; fØ;k ds lkFk xk] xs] xh dk iz;ksx gksrk gSA
tSls - jke ?kweus tk;x
s k] lhrk ukpsxh] yksx ?kwesaxsA vkfn

Rule: Subject + will + verb 1st form + object.
Subject pkgs „Singular‟ gks ;k „Plural‟ , „Will‟ dk gh iz;ksx gksrk gSA

1. jke rqels feysxkA Ram will meet you.
2. yksx ?kweus tk;saxsA People will go for a walk.
3. og rqEgsa dWky djsxhA She will call you.

Rule: Subject + will not + verb 1st form + object.

1. jke rqels ugha feysxkA Ram will not meet you.
2. yksx ?kweus ugha tk;saxsA People will not go for a walk.
3. og rqEgsa dWky ugha djsxhA She will not call you.

Rule: <Wh family> + will + subject + verb 1st form + object?
iz‛uokpd okD;ksa esa helping verb (will) subject ls igys vk tkrh gSA vkSj vxj okD; es Wh family tSls

1. jke rqels dc feysxk\ When will Ram meet you?
2. yksx dgk¡ tk;asxs\ Where will people go?
4. og rqEgsa dWky dSls djsxh\ How will she call you?

Rule: <Wh family> + Will + Subject + not + Verb 1st form + object?

1. jke rqels D;ksa ugha feysxk\ Why will Ram not meet you?
2. D;k yksx ?kweus ugha tk;sxsa\ Will people not go for a walk?
4. D;k og rqEgsa dWky ugha djsxh\ Will she not call you?
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Future Continuous Tense
bl Tense esa eq[; fØ;k ds lkFk jgk gksxk] jgh gksxh] jgs gkasxs] jgk gw¡xk dk iz;ksx gksrk gSA
tSls - jke ?kwe jgk gksxk] lhrk ukp jgh gksxh] yksx ?kwe jgs gkxa s] eSa ?kwe jgk gw¡xk vkfn

Rule: Subject + will be + verb 1st form + ing + object.
Subject pkgs „Singular‟ gks ;k „Plural‟ , „Will be‟ dk gh iz;ksx gksrk gSA

1. jke ?kweus tk jgk gksxkA Ram will be going for a walk.
2. og ?kwe jgk gksxkA He will be walking.
3. og izfr;ksfxrk esa ukp jgh gksxhA She will be dancing in the competition.

Rule: Subject + will not be + verb 1st form + ing + object.

1. oks lks ugha jgk gksxkA He will not be sleeping.
2. ikik bl le; v[kckj i<+ jgs gksaxsA Dad will be reading newspaper right now .
3. og bl oDr ugha [ksy jgh gksxhA She will not be playing at this moment.

Rule: <Wh family> + will + subject + be + verb 1st form + ing + object?
who, why, when, what, which, until when, since when, how long vkfn dk iz;ksx gks rks oks
rks lcls igys gh iz;ksx dh tkrh gSA

1. jke dgk¡ lks jgk gksxk\ Where will Ram be sleeping?
2. D;k og ?kwe jgk gksxk\ Will he be walking?
3. oks dqRrs dks D;k f[kyk jgh gksxh\ What will she be feeding the dog?

Rule: <Wh family> + will + subject + not + be + verb 1st form + ing + object?

1. D;k jke ekdsZV ugha tk jgk gksxk\ Will Ram not be going to market?
2. D;k cPps gYyk ugha epk jgs gkasxs\ Will children not be making a noise?
3. D;k eSa lks ugha jgk gw¡xk ml oDr\ Will I not be sleeping at that time?
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Future Perfect Tense
bl Tense esa eq[; fØ;k ds lkFk pqdk gksxk] pqdh gksxh] pqds gksx
a s] fy;k gksxk] fn;k gksxk] nh gksxh] yh gksxh] dh
gksxh vkfn dk iz;ksx gksrk gSA
tSls - jke ?kwe pqdk gksxk ] lhrk ukp pqdh gksxh] yksx ?kwe pqds gksaxs] eSa ?kwe pqdk gw¡xk vkfn
Rule: Subject + will have + verb 3rd form + object.
Subject pkgs „Singular‟ gks ;k „Plural‟ , „Will have‟ dk gh iz;ksx gksrk gSA

1. jke ekdsZV tk pqdk gksxkA Ram will have gone to market.
2. eSa bl le; rd [ksy pqdk gw¡xkA I will have played by now.
3. yksx LVst+ ij ukp pqds gksaxsA People will have danced on the stage.
4. og izfr;ksfxrk thr pqdh gksxhA She will have won the competition.
Rule: Subject + will not have + verb 3rd form + object.

1. jke ekdsZV ugha x;k gksxkA Ram will not have gone to market.
2. mlus rqEgsa dy ugha ns[kk gksxkA He will not have seen you yesterday.
3. yksx dYiuk ls ugha feys gksaxsA People will not have met Kalpana.
4. og ogk¡ ugha x;h gksxhA She will not have gone there.
Rule: <Wh family> + will + subject + have + verb 3rd form + object?

1. jke ekdsZV D;ksa x;k gksxk\ Why will Ram have gone to market?
2. D;k mlus rqEgsa dy ns[kk gksxk\ Will he have seen you yesterday?
3. yksx dYiuk ls dc feys gksaxs\ When will people have met Kalpana?
4. og ogk¡ dSls x;h gksxh\ How will She have gone there?
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Rule: <Wh family> + will + subject + not + have + verb 3rd form + object?

1. D;k jke ?kweus ugha x;k gksxk\ Will Ram not have gone for a walk?
2. D;k mlus rqEgsa dy ugha ns[kk gksxk\ Will he not have seen you yesterday?
3. yksx dYiuk ls D;ksa ugha feys gksaxs\ Why will people not have met Kalpana?
4. D;k og izfr;ksfxrk esa ugha ukph gksxh\ Will she not have danced in the
competition?
Future Perfect Continuous Tense

bl Tense esa eq[; fØ;k ds lkFk jgk gksxk] jgh gksxh] jgs gksaxs] jgk gw¡xk dk iz;ksx gksrk gSA fcYdqy oSls gh tSls
Continuous tense esa gksrk gSA QdZ flQZ bruk gS fd ;gk¡ ij le; ds ckjs esa Hkh crk;k tkrk gSA
tSls - jke 2 ?kaVs ls ?kwe jgk gksxk] lhrk 4 fnu ls ukp jgh gksxh] yksx 10 cts ls ?kwe jgs gksaxs] eSa lqcg ls jks jgk
gw¡xk vkfn
le; ds ckjs esa crk;s tkus ij Since vkSj For dk iz;ksx gksrk gSA Since dk iz;ksx fuf‛pr le; ds fy, vkSj
For dk iz;ksx vfuf‛pr le; ds fy, vFkkZr vof/k (Duration) ds fy,A dgk¡ ij Since vkSj dgk¡ ij For dk
iz;ksx gksxk] ;g vkidks Present Perfect Continuous Tense i<+krs oDr crk;k x;k FkkA
Subject + will have been + verb 1st form+ ing + object+ since/for + <point of
time/duration>.
Subject pkgs „Singular‟ gks ;k „Plural‟ , „Will have been‟ dk gh iz;ksx gksrk gSA

1. jke 2 ?kaVs ls [ksy jgk gksxkA Ram will have been playing for 2 hours.
2. og 4 cts ls i<+ jgk gksxkA He will have been studying since 4 o‟ clock.
Negative (udkjkRed okD; )
Subject + will not have been +verb 1st form+ ing+ object+ since/for + <point
of time/duration>.

1. jke 2 ?kaVs ls ugha [ksy jgk gksxkA Ram will not have been playing for 2 hours.
2. og 4 cts ls ugha i<+ jgk gksxkA He will not have been studying since 4 o‟ clock.
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<Wh family> + will + subject + have been + verb 1st form+ ing + object+
since/for + <point of time/duration>?

1. D;k jke 2 ?kaVs ls [ksy jgk gksxk\ Will Ram have been playing for 2 hours?
2. D;k og 4 cts ls i<+ jgk gksxk\ Will he have been studying since 4 o‟ clock?
<Wh family> + will + subject + not + have been + verb 1st form+ ing +
object+ since/for + <point of time/duration>?

1. D;k jke 2 ?kaVs ls [ksy ugha jgk Will Ram not have been playing for 2 hours?
gksxk\
2. D;k og 4 cts ls i<+ ugha jgk Will he not have been studying since 4 o‟ clock?
gksxk\

Dear students,
Aditya Sir
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Tense – Practice Exercise
1- eSa ugha x;kA 46- eSa fdl yM+dh dk HkkbZ gw¡ \

2- rqe dgk¡ tkrs gks \ 47- mlds ikik us eq>ls ckr djuk ilUn D;ksa ugha
3- ge fdl rjg vk;asxs\ fd;k\
4- eSa dc rd rqEgkjk lkFk nwa¡xk\ 48- jke eqf‛dy ls gh dHkh esjs ?kj vkrk gSA
5- jksfgr dh cgu dgk¡ tk jgh gS\ 49- D;k ;s ckrsa ;kn vk;saxh rqEgsa\
6- oks fdl ‚kgj ls vk;k Fkk\ 50- ge lHkh yksx ml usrk dks ilUn ughsa djrsA
7- jke [ksyrk gSA 51- esjs HkkbZ us fdlh yM+dh dks ijs‛kku ugha fd;kA
8- oks yM+dk ,slk D;ksa lksprk gS\ 52- mlus ns[kus dh dksf‛k‛k ughsa dhA
9- ;s cPps dgk¡ jgrs gSa\ 53- oks vf/kdrj lhrk ds lkFk [ksyrk gSA
10- yM+fd;k¡ dy ls Mk¡l dk vH;kl dj jgh gaSA 54- mlus esjs fy, dHkh dqN fd;k \
11- jkds‛k ugha le>rkA 55- mlus dqN ugha fd;kA
12- ?kko ls [kwu fudy jgk gSA 56- ge rqEgkjs lkFk ?kweus tk;saxsA
13- eSa i<wa¡xkA 57- jke mls cgqr I;kj djrk gSA
14- oks lHkh fdlds HkkbZ gSa\ 58- rqeus esjk fny nq[kk;k gSA
15- oks f[kM+dh ls >k¡d jgk FkkA 59- vk¡[ksa Ëkks[kk nsrh gSaSA
16- cPps vk jgs gksaxsA 60- D;k rqeus lHkh dks [kkuk ijksl fn;k gS\
17- eSa f‛keyk vDlj tkrk g¡wA 61- fdlus rqEgsa ns[kk Fkk\
18- oks [kwc i<+rk gSA 62- ;s fny dHkh&dHkh I;kj ds fy, rM+irk gSA
19- oks dHkh&dHkh esjs ?kj vkrk gSA 63- eSua s Hkxoku ls dqN ek¡xk gSA
20- cl pyh xbZ gksxhA 64- mlus xyrh dh gSA
21- rqe dc rd ;gk¡ Bgjksxs\ 65- gekjh vk¡[ksa mls ns[k jgh FkhA
22- ek¡ vius cPps dks nw/k fiyk jgh gksxhA 66- fdlus rqEgsa pksV igqqa¡pkbZ\
23- ge cgqr nsj rd lksrs gSaA 67- eSaus ,slk dHkh ugha lkspkA
24- oks ?kj ls ugha vk;k gSA 68- jke us eq>s esjh thr ij c/kkbZ nh gSA
25- oks vius liuksa dks lkdkj djsxkA 69- nqdkunkj us eq>s ywV fy;kA
26- eSa fdlds ckjs esa lksprk g¡wa\ 70- D;k rqe eq>s ;kn fnykvksxs \
27- eSa vkSj rqe fdlds lkFk [ksy jgs Fk\s 71- cqjs nkSj esa rqEgkjk lkFk fdlus fn;k \
28- ge ogk¡ x;s FksA 72- ek¡ cPpkssa dks tUe nsrh gS o cnys esa dqN ugha
29- esjk nksLr dkSu lh dkj pyk jgk gS\ ek¡xrh!
30- mlus ml vkneh dks tku ls ekj fn;kA 73- ge nks cts ikdZ esa ?kwe jgs FksA
31- jke us yM+dh dk cykRdkj ugha fd;k gSA 74- oks fdlds fy, bruh nwj x;k \
32- yM+ds ds ifjokj okyksa us ml ij vkjksi yxk;k gSA 75- rqEgkjk psgjk eq>s fdlh dh ;kn fnykrk gSA
33- ml fnu esjs lkFk dbZ yksx fQYe ns[k jgs Fks A 34- 76- ;s dkSu djrk gS\
geus Vhoh esa fdldh yM+kbZ ns[kh\ 77- ;s lk¡i lfn;ksa ls viuh lkFkh dh ryk‛k dj jgk
35- ge jke dks fcydqy ugha tkursA gSA
36- ;s VwVk gqvk fny dqN dg jgk gSA 78- mlus fdrkc ys yh FkhA
37- D;k oks Ldwy ls vk x;k gksxk\ 79- eSa isu ls fy[kw¡xkA
38- rqe cgqr rst nkSM+ jgs FksA 80- D;k rqe jkst guqeku th dh iwtk ugha djrh \
39- dkSu tk;sxk\ 81- oks ?kweus x;k FkkA
40- fdl ghjks dk nksLr rqEgkjs ikik ds lkFk tkWac djrk 82- ;s dke fdlus fd;k \
gS\ 83- ;s dgkfu;k¡ eq>s ilan ughaA
41- eSa vDlj mlds ?kj tkrk gw¡A 84- geus xyrh ugha dhA
42- lhek vk;s fnu rqEgas gkseodZ fy[kus ds fy, cqykrh 85- jke esjs ckjs esa dqN u dqN rks crk,xkA
gSA 86- oks nksuksa gesa D;k fl[kk,saxs\s
43- cPps lqcg ls Vh oh ns[k jgs gSaA 87- rqEk lH; yxrs gksA
44- mls fdl ikVhZ dk lkFk ugha fey jgk gS\ 88- oks rqEgkjs ?kj igys gh vk pqdk gSA
45- oks eksckbZy esa D;k ns[k jgk gS\ 89- eSa rqEgsa jkst ns[kus vk;kA
143
90- rqe viuh xyrh Lohdkj dj pqds gksA 140- D;k Lkhrk ogk¡ cSBh\
91- eSa rqels dHkh ugha feykA 141- oks xkuk dgk¡ xkrk gS\
92- eSa fdlh rjg vkWfQl igq¡pk gww¡A 142- oks rqEgkjs ?kj esa [kkuk [kk pqdk gSA
93- D;k vki gels dqN dg jgs gSaA 143- tc eSa vk ¡xk] rqe tk jgs gksx a sA
94- oks rqEgkjs ?kj dh rjQ D;ksa vkrk gS \ 144- mlus eq>s ekQ fd;kA
95- eSa nhokj ds ihNs Nqi x;kA 145- eSa vkWWfQl ifjlj esa flxjsV ugha ihrkA
96- eSa rqels feyus dks ikxy gks jgk FkkA 146- eSa viuh xyrh eglwl dj pqdk gw¡A
97- eSa tYn gh vkWfQl igq¡p jgk gw¡A 147- eSaus ;s igsyh lqy>k nhA
98- Lkhrk us dEiuh NksM+h vkSj pyh x;hA 148- eSa dHkh xkuk ugha xkrkA
99- rqe vPNs yx jgs gksA 149- eSa vkids ikl dc vk ¡xk \
100-rqeus ,slk D;ksa lkspk\ 150- nwYgk vPNk yxrk gSA
101-mlus xkuk dgk¡ xk;k\ 151- ;g lquus esa vPNk yxrk gSA
102-fiz;k esjs fny dks le> jgh FkhA 152- D;k Lkhrk ogk¡ cSBsxh\
103- eSaus lc dqN le> fy;k FkkA 153- lfpu us iqjkus lÒh fjdkMZl rksM+sA
104- Ykskx feBkb;k¡ [kk pqds FksA 105- 154- eSa vkidk izLrko Lohdkj djrk gw¡A
eq>s mldh ;kn vk jgh FkhA 155- jke vxys eghus dEI;wVj lh[ksxkA
106- og nks lky igys dEiuh NksM+ pqdk gSA 156- D;k Lkhrk ogk¡ cSBrh gS\
107- oks rqEgsa /kedh D;ksa nsrk gS\ 157- rqe ,slk D;ksa lksp jgs gks\
108- eSa vkWWfQl ds ckgj igys gh vPNh rjg ns[k pqdk 158- rqe vPNs yxrs gksA
gw¡A 159- cPpk Nr ij jks jgk gksxkA
109- D;k vki gels lger gSa \ 160- eSa rqEgkjs ckjs esa D;k lksprk gw¡\
110- jke /kks[kk ns jgk FkkA 161- jke vkSj vkfnR; fdl vkWfQl ls vk jgs gSa\
111- Okks vkneh eq>ls ugha feyrk gSA 162- D;k vki muls feys gks\
112- rksrk Nr ij jks jgk FkkA 163- eSaus rqEgkjs fy, izkFkZuk dh FkhA
113- oks rqEgkjk bUrt+kj 2 cts ls dj jgk FkkA 164- jke vPNh rjg ls rS;kjh dj pqdk gSA
114- eSa rqEgkjs ckjs esa dqN ugha lksp jgk g¡Aw 165- ;s fdlus fd;k \
115- eSa rqels ckr d#¡xkA 166- mlus vutkus esa eq>s nq[k igq¡pk;kA
116- yksx eq>ls feyus ugh vk;saxsA 167- eSaus yksxksa ls iSls bdV~Bs dj fy, gSaA
117- jke dEI;wVj lh[krk gSA 168- eSa dle [kkrk gw¡ fd eSa ogk¡ dHkh ugha tk ¡xkA
118- rqEgkjs cky >M+ pqds FksA 169- rqEgkjh fdrkc fdlus yh \
119- eSa vius ekrk firk dks fonk dj pqdk g¡wA 170- D;k gqvk \
120- 2 ?kUVs gks x;s] ?kko ls [kwu fudy jgk gSA 171- rqEgkjs fnekx dks fdlus ijs‛kku fd;k \
121- eSa vius ekrk firk dks Hkst pqdk FkkA 172- ge csotg ,d nwljs ds lkFk yM+ jgs FksA
122- D;k vki 3 lky ls dke dj jgs gSa\ 173- rqe D;k <¡w< jgs gks \
123- D;k vki lqcg ls ?kwe jgs gSa\ 174- mUgksaus iwjs dejs dh ltkoV cny nhA
124- uy fn[kus esa vPNk yx jgk FkkA 175- eSaus mldh vkokt+ igpku yhA
125- mlus rqEgsa /kedh D;ksa nh Fkh\ 176- mlus eq>s iwjh rjg ls lg;ksx dk vk‛oklu fn;kA
126- rqe eq>s lqcg ls D;ksa <w<+ jgs gks\ 177- mlus crZu /kks fy, gSaA
127- jke vkWfQl dc tkrk gS\ 178- mlus brus lkjs yksxksa dks dSls l¡Hkkyk \
128- mlus eq>s vdsyk NksM+ fn;k gSA 179- tks dksbZ esjs ikl vk;k] eSaus enn dhA
129- rqe ,slk D;ksa lksprs gks\ 180- [ksy ds nkSjku oks [kks;k [kks;k lk yxkA
130- eSa vkids ikl dc vk;k \ 181- rqe dgha [kks;s ls yxrs gksA
131- eSa rqels dHkh ugha feyw¡xkA 182- eSaus mls mruk iSlk ugha fn;kA
132- D;k vkius [kkuk [kk;k\ 183- gt+kjksa yksx lM+d ij fonzksg dj jgs gSaA
133- Lkhrk Hkxoku dh iwtk dc ls dj jgh gS\ 184- gLr js[kk foKku us mls ikxy dj fn;k gSA
134- rqeus gky gh esa dkSu lh fQYe ns[kh gS\ 185- esjk HkkbZ fdlh rjg ?kj igq¡pkA
135- eSa ?kweus x;kA 186- eSa viuh lQ+yrk dk Js; rqEgsa nsrk gw¡A
136- eSa 2 ?kaVs ls BaM ls dka¡i jgk gw¡A 187- D;k rqeesa ls dksbZ iwtk djrk gS \
137- og nks lky igys dEiuh NksM+ pqdk gSA 188- rqe bruh lkjh fdrkcsa dSls ykvksxs \
138- rqeus esjk ewM [kjkc fd;kA 189- rqeesa ls fdrus rktegy x;s gks \
139- eSa 2008 ls bl dEiuh esa dke jgk gww¡A 190- mlus "kM+;= dk HkkaMk QksM+ fn;kA
144
Answers
1. I didn‟t go. 36. This broken heart is saying something.
2. Where do you go? 37. Will he have come from school?
3. How will we come? 38. You were running very fast.
4. Until when will I support you? / Until when 39. Who will go?
will I stand by you? 40. Which actor‟s friend works with your dad?
5. Where is Rohit‟s sister going? 41. I often go his home.
6. From which city had he come? 42. Seema often calls you to write homework.
7. Ram plays. 43. Kids have been watching TV since morning.
8. Why does that boy think so? 44. Which party‟s support is he not getting? /
9. Where do these children live? Which party is not supporting him.
10. Girls have been practicing dance since 45. What is he watching in Mobile?
yesterday. 46. Which girl‟s brother am I?
11. Rakesh doesn‟t understand. 47. Why did his father not like to talk to me?
12. Blood is oozing from the wound. 48. Ram seldom comes my home.
13. I will study. 49. Will you remember these moments?
14. Whose brothers are they/those all? 50. We all people don‟t like that leader.
15. He was peeping through the window. 51. My brother didn‟t bother any girl.
16. Children/kids will be coming. 52. He didn‟t try to see.
17. I often go to Shimla. 53. He mostly plays with Seeta.
18. He studies a lot/so much. 54. Did he ever do something for me?
19. He sometimes come my home. 55. He did nothing.
20. Bus will have left. 56. We will go for a walk with you.
21. Until when will you stay here? 57. Ram loves him/her a lot.
22. Mother will be feeding her child. 58. You have hurt me.
23. We sleep till late. 59. Eyes cheat/ Eyes deceive. / Eyes are
24. He has not come from home. deceptive.
25. He will fulfill his dreams. / He will 60. Have you served the food to all?
materialize his dreams. 61. Who had seen you?
26. About whom do I think? 62. This heart sometimes craves for love.
27. With whom were I & you playing? 63. I have begged something from God.
28. We had gone there. 64. He has committed / made a mistake.
29. Which car is my friend driving? 65. Our eyes were searching him.
30. He killed that man. 66. Who hurt you?
31. Ram has not raped the girl. 67. I never thought so.
32. Boy‟s family has blamed him/her. 68. Ram has congratulated me on my
33. Many people were watching the movie with win/victory.
me that day. 69. Shopkeeper ripped me off.
34. Whose fight did we watch on TV? 70. Will you remind me?
35. We don‟t know Ram at all. / We have no idea 71. Who supported you in bad time? / Who stood
who Ram is. by you in bad phase?
145
72. Mother bears children and demands nothing 111. That man does not meet me.
in return. 112. Parrot was crying on the roof.
73. We were walking in the park at 2 o‟clock. 113. He had been waiting for you since 2
74. For whom did I go this far? o‟clock.
75. Your face reminds me of someone. 114. I am not thinking anything about you./ I
76. Who does it? am thinking nothing about you.
77. This snake has been searching his partner for 115. I will talk to you.
centuries. 116. People will not come to meet me.
78. He had taken the book. 117. Ram learns computer.
79. I will write with pen. 118. Your hair were fallen.
80. Do you not worship Lord Hanuman daily? 119. I have seen off my parents.
81. He had gone for a walk. 120. Blood has been oozing from the wound for
82. Who did this work? 2 hrs.
83. I don‟t like these stories. 121. I had sent my parents.
84. We didn‟t make a mistake. 122. Have you been working for 3 years?
85. Ram will tell at least something about me. 123. Have you been walking since morning?
86. What will they both teach us? 124. Tap was looking good.
87. You look civilized. 125. Why had he threatened you?
88. He has already come your home. 126. Why have you been searching me since
89. I came to see you daily. morning?
90. You have accepted your fault. 127. When does Ram go to office?
91. I never met you. 128. He has left me alone.
92. I have reached office somehow. 129. Why do you think so?
93. Are you saying something to us? 130. When did I come to you?
94. Why does he come towards your home? 131. I will never meet you.
95. I hid behind the wall. 132. Did you eat the food?
96. I was craving to meet you. 133. Since when has seta been worshipping
97. I am reaching office soon. God?
98. Seeta left the company and went. 134. Which movie have you recently seen?
99. You are looking good. 135. I went for a walk.
100. Why did you think so? 136. I have been shivering with cold for 2 hours.
101. Where did he sing the song? 137. He has left the company 2 years ago.
102. Priya was understanding my feelings. 138. You spoiled my mood.
103. I had understood everything. 139. I have been working with this company
104. People had eaten the sweets. since 2008.
105. I was missing him/her. 140. Did Seeta sit there?
106. He has left the company 2 years ago. 141. Where does he sing the song?
107. Why does he threaten you? 142. He has eaten/taken/had the food at your
108. I have already seen properly outside the home.
office. 143. When I come, you will be going.
109. Do you agree with us? 144. He forgave me.
110. Ram was cheating. 145. I don‟t smoke in the office premises.
146
146. I have realized my mistake. 169. Who took your book?
147. I unraveled this enigma. / I solved this 170. What happened?
puzzle. 171. What disturbed your mind?
148. I never sing a song. 172. We were unnecessarily fighting with each
149. When will I come to you? other.
150. Groom looks good. 173. What are you looking for?
151. It sounds good. 174. They changed the entire room decoration.
152. Will seeta sit there? 175. I recognized his voice.
153. Sachin broke all the previous records. 176. He assured me of full cooperation.
154. I accept you proposal. 177. He has washed the utensils.
155. Ram will learn computer next month. 178. How did he handle these many people?
156. Does seeta sit there? 179. Whoever came to me, I helped.
157. Why are you thinking so? 180. During the game, he seemed to be lost.
158. You look good. 181. You seem to be lost somewhere.
159. Child will be weeping on the roof. 182. I didn‟t give him that much money.
160. What do I think about you? 183. Thousands of people are protesting on
161. From which office are Ram & Aditya roads.
coming? 184. Palmistry has made him crazy.
162. Have you met them? 185. My brother somehow reached home.
163. I had prayed for you. 186. I ascribe my success to you.
164. Ram has prepared well. 187. Does any of you worship?
165. Who did it? 188. How will you bring these many books?
166. He unknowingly hurt me. 189. How many of you have visited the Taj?
167. I have collected the money from people. 190. He unearthed the conspiracy.
168. I swear that I will never go there again.
1. Every time you lose, you gain experience.
2. Unless you try, you can‟ t say whether you‟ ll succeed or not. So go ahead and try
your best.
3. Twenty years from now you will be more disappointed by the things that you didn‟ t
do than by the ones you did do, so throw off the bowlines, sail away from safe
harbor, catch the trade winds in your sails. Explore, Dream, Discover.
147
Tense – Test Papers
Test – I
1. Do you really feel the pain of those who are poor and hungry?
2. Will he ever realize that he was in the wrong?
3. Which one are you looking for at the moment?
4. How many times have I told you not to disturb me?
5. Why did you back out of your promise?
6. Sometimes, He takes things pretty lightly.
7. I will seldom go to the US because I feel myself an alien there.
8. Have you ever been in Agra?
9. I don‟ t know what to do.
10. He has not been working for money since beginning.
11. For how long have you been waiting for me in the airport?
12. It sounded good but I know it‟ s not worthwhile.
13. I will sue you in court.
14. Prime Minister addressed the gathering.
15. Shyam unnecessarily elongates the matter.
16. Most of the People are traveling by metro these days.
17. He feeds his animals thrice a day.
18. Are you feeling like going there?
19. These two are not looking to be twins as their faces are different altogether.
20. He is fighting for his self respect and dignity.
Q2: Choose the correct alternative in the following sentences: 10 x 1 = 10
1. He has been in Delhi (since/for) a long.

2. I never (tells/tell) a lie.
3. He didn‟ t go (somewhere/anywhere).
4. Do you love (to watch / watching) TV?
5. I like (to play / playing) cricket.
6. He (founded/found) peace nowhere.
7. I (was/were) watching you.
8. Shalini (does/do) not go to parties.
9. Rahul (looks / looked) tired that day.
10. (Do/Does) you know how to speak in English?
Q3: Translate the following sentences into English? 10 x 1 = 10

1- rqe ogk¡ fdl jkLrs ls gksrs gq, tkrs gks \ 7- lp dgw¡ rks eq>s ugha irk fd eSa vkxs D;k djus okyk gw¡A
2- brus lkjs fxys f‛kdos ysdj dgk¡ tkvksxs rqe \ 8- D;k oks eq>s tkurk Fkk \
3- jgrs dgk¡ gks nksLr \ vDlj fn[krs ughaA 9- eSusa mls bruk I;kj fd;k ftruk dksbZ mls dHkh ugha
4- nokbZ [kkus ds ckn vPNk eglwl gks jgk gS eq>sA djsxk \
5- eSa dkQh nsj ls mls <w¡< jgk FkkA 10- ckrksa ls isV ugha HkjrkA
6- ljdkj xjhcksa ds fy, lgh ek;uksa esa D;k dj jgh gS \
148
Answers
Q1:
1. Do you really feel the pain of those who are poor and hungry?
D;k rqe okdbZ mu yksxksa dk nnZ eglwl djrs gks tks xjhc vkSj Hkw[ks gSa \
2. Will he ever realize that he was in the wrong?
D;k oks dHkh eglwl djsxk fd oks xyr Fkk \
3. Which one are you looking for at the moment?
bl le; rqe dkSu lk okyk <¡w< jgs gks \
4. How many times have I told you not to disturb me?
eSaus rqEgsa fdruh ckj dgk gS fd eq>s ijs‛kku er fd;k djks\
5. Why did you back out of your promise?
rqe vius okns ls D;ksa eqdjs \
6. Sometimes, he takes things pretty lightly.
dHkh&dHkh oks phtksa dks cgqr gYds esa ysrk gSA
7. I will seldom go to the US because I feel myself an alien there.
eSa ‚kk;n gh dHkh vesfjdk tk ¡xk D;ksafd eSa ogk¡ vius vki dks vtuch eglwl djrk gw¡A
8. Have you ever been in Agra?
D;k rqe dHkh vkxjk esa jgs gks \
9. I don‟ t know what to do.
eSa ugha tkurk fd D;k d:¡ \
10. He has not been working for money since beginning.
oks ‚kq: ls gh iSlksa ds fy, dke ugha dj jgk gSA
11. For how long have you been waiting for me in the airport?
rqe ,vjiksVZ ij esjk bUrt+kj dc ls dj jgs gks \
12. It sounded good but I know it‟ s not worthwhile.
lquus esa vPNk yxk ysfdu eSa tkurk gw¡ fd ;s Qk;ns dk lkSnk ugha gSA
13. I will sue you in court.
eSa rqEgsa dksVZ esa ?klhVw¡xkA@ eSa rqEgkjs f[kykQ eqdnek nk;j d:¡xkA
14. Prime Minister addressed the gathering.
iz/kkuea=h us HkhM+ dks lEcksf/kr fd;k@Hkk"k k fn;kA
15. Shyam unnecessarily elongates the matter.
‚;ke Qkyrw esa ekeys dks yEck dj nsrk gSA
16. Most of the People are travelling by metro these days.
bu fnuksa vf/kdrj yksx eSVªks ls ;k=k dj jgs gSaA
17. He feeds his animals thrice a day.
oks vius tkuojksa dks fnu esa rhu ckj f[kykrk gSA
18. Are you feeling like going there?
D;k rqEgkjk ogk¡ tkus dk eu dj jgk gS \
19. These two are not looking twins as their faces are different altogether.
;s nksuksa tqM+ok ugha yx jgs gSa D;ksafd buds psgjs fcYdqy vyx gaSA
20. He is fighting for his self respect and dignity.
oks vius vkRe lEeku vkSj izfr"Bk ds fy, yM+ jgk gSA
149
Q2: Correct alternative is written bold & underlined
1. He has been in delhi (since/for) a long.

2. I never (tells/tell) a lie.
3. He didn‟ t go (somewhere/anywhere).
4. Do you love (to watch / watching) TV?
5. I like (to play / playing) cricket.
6. He (founded/found) peace nowhere.
7. I (was/were) watching you.
8. Shalini (does/do) not go to parties.
9. Rahul (looks / looked) tired that day.
10.(Do/Does) you know how to speak in English?
Q3:
1- rqe ogk¡ fdl jkLrs ls gksrs gq, tkrs gks\
From which way do you go there?
2- brus lkjs fxys f‛kdos ysdj dgk¡ tkvksxs rqe \

Where will you go with these many differences?
3- jgrs dgk¡ gks nksLr \ vDlj fn[krs ughaA

Where are you mate? Not seen very often.
4- nokbZ [kkus ds ckn vPNk eglwl gks jgk gS eq>sA

I am feeling good after having/eating medicine.
5- eSa dkQh nsj ls mls <w¡< jgk FkkA

I had been searching him for a long.
6- ljdkj xjhcksa ds fy, lgh ek;uksa esa D;k dj jgh gS \

What is government ideally doing for the poor?
7- lp dgw¡ rks eq>s ugha irk fd eSa vkxs D;k djus okyk gw¡A
To be honest I don‟ t know what I am going to do further.
8- D;k oks eq>s tkurk Fkk \

Did he know me?
9- eSusa mls bruk I;kj fd;k ftruk dksbZ mls dHkh ugha djsxk \
I loved her so much that nobody will ever do.
10- ckrksa ls isV ugha HkjrkA

Words can‟ t feed. / Action is better than the words.
150
Test – II
Q1: Translate the sentences from Hindi to English: 35 x 1 = 35
1- rqeus eq>s fdruk I;kj fd;k \ 18- eSaus rqEgkjs ckjs esa cgqr dqN lkspkA
2- eSa dSls tkuw¡ fd rqEgkjs fy, eSa dkSu FkkA 19- eq>s ,d I;kjh lh ?kM+h feyh gSA
3- tc eSa rqels feyus vk ¡xk] eq>s yxrk gS fd rqe 20- rqEgkjs fdrus HkkbZ gSa \
lks jgs gksxsA 21- esjs pkjksa HkkbZ [kkuk [kk pqds gSaA
4- rqe dy 6 cts vkuk] rc rd rks eSa rqEgkjk dke 22- eSaus lkjs fnu xkM+h pykbZA
dj pqdk gw¡xkA 23- rqeus eq>s gj txg <wwWa¡<+kA
5- rqEgsa ,slk D;ksa yxrk gS fd esjs ikl cgqr iSlk gSA 24- rqe esjs ihNs D;ksa Nqi jgs gks \
6- ft+Unxh gesa cgqr dqN fl[kkrh gSA 25- oks rqEgkjk D;k gS \
7- vkt gekjs ikl dqN ugha gSA 26- eSa eEeh dks dbZ fnuksa ls ;kn dj jgk FkkA
8- rqe dc rd ogk¡ jgksxs \ 27- rqEgkjk uke esjs fny dh /kM+duksa ij fy[kk gSA
9- ge dgha ugha tk jgs FksA 28- rqeus ges‛kk eq>s xyr le>kA
10- oks vkneh ,d cPps dks dkQh nsj ls ekj jgk gSA 29- eSa rqels lp dg jgk g¡wA
11- jke dbZ fnuksa ls rqEgkjs ;gk¡ tk jgk FkkA 30- eq>s fcYdqy ugha irk fd rqe dkSu gks \
12- eSa fØØsV [ksyuk dSls fl[kw¡xk \ 31- D;k rqeus dHkh fdrkcsa [kjhnh \
13- oks cPps rqEgkjs ?kj dSls vk;s \ 32- eq>s rqEgkjs ckjs esa lc dqN irk gS A
14- EkSa lHkh yksxksa ls fey pqdk g¡wA 33- jke us lHkh fdrkcsa Vscy ij j[khA
15- rqEgkjs lHkh nksLr eq>ls fey pqds FksA 34- rqe D;ksa lksp jgs gks fd eSa ugha vk ¡xkA
16- rqe dc rd esjs ?kj #dksxs \ 35- rqe tc ls vk;s gks] flQZ mlds ckjs esa ckr dj
17- jke dc ls dEI;wVj ij cSBk gqvk gS \ jgs gksA
Answers
Q1:
1- rqeus eq>s fdruk I;kj fd;k \ 5- rqEgsa ,slk D;ksa yxrk gS fd esjs ikl cgqr iSlk gSA
How much did you love me? Why do you think that I have lots of money?
2- eSa dSls tkuw¡ fd rqEgkjs fy, eSa dkSu FkkA 6- ft+Unxh gesa cgqr dqN fl[kkrh gSA
How do I know, who I was for you. Life teaches us a lot.
3- tc eSa rqels feyus vk ¡xk] eq>s yxrk gS fd rqe lks 7- vkt gekjs ikl dqN ugha gSA
jgs gksxsA We have nothing today. / We don‟t have
When I come to meet you, I think you will anything today.
be sleeping.
8- rqe dc rd ogk¡ jgksxs \
4- rqe 6 cts vkuk] eSa rqEgkjk dke dj pqdk gw¡xkA You Until when will you be/stay/live there?
come at 6 o‟clock; I will have finished
your work.
151
22- eSaus lkjs fnu xkM+h pykbZA
9- ge dgha ugha tk jgs FksA I drove the car throughout the day.
We were not going anywhere./We were
going nowhere. 23- rqeus eq>s gj txg <ww¡<+kA
You sought/searched me everywhere.
10- oks vkneh ,d cPps dks dkQh nsj ls ekj jgk gSA
That man has been beating a kid for a long. 24- rqe esjs ihNs D;ksa Nqi jgs gks \
Why are you hiding behind me?
11- jke dbZ fnuksa ls rqEgkjs ;gk¡ tk jgk FkkA
Ram had been going to your place for many 25- oks rqEgkjk D;k gS \
days. What/Who is he to you?
12- eSa fØØsV [ksyuk dSls fl[kw¡xk \ 26- eSa eEeh dks dbZ fnuksa ls ;kn dj jgk FkkA
How will I learn to play cricket? I had been missing mom for many days.
13- oks cPps rqEgkjs ?kj dSls vk;s\ 27- rqEgkjk uke esjs fny dh /kM+duksa ij fy[kk gSA
How did those children come to your house? Your name is written on my heartbeats.
14- EkSa lHkh yksxksa ls fey pqdk gw¡A 28- rqeus ges‛kk eq>s xyr le>kA
I have met all the people. You always took me wrong.
15- rqEgkjs lHkh nksLr eq>ls fey pqds FksA 29- eSa rqels lp dg jgk gw¡A
All of your friends had met me. I am telling you the truth.
16- rqe dc rd esjs ?kj #dksxs \

Until when will you stay at my home? 30- eq>s fcYdqy ugha irk fd rqe dkSu gks \
I really don‟t know who you are.
17- jke dc ls dEI;wVj ij cSBk gqvk gS \
Since when has Ram been sitting on 31- D;k rqeus dHkh fdrkcsa [kjhnh \
the computer? Did you ever buy books?
18- eSaus rqEgkjs ckjs esa cgqr dqN lkspkA 32- eq>s rqEgkjs ckjs esa lc dqN irk gS A
I thought a lot about you. I know everything about you.
19- eq>s ,d I;kjh lh ?kM+h feyh gSA 33- jke us lHkh fdrkcsa Vscy ij j[khA
I have found a nice watch. Ram put/kept all the books on the table.
20- rqEgkjs fdrus HkkbZ gSa \ 34- rqe D;ksa lksp jgs gks fd eSa ugha vk ¡xkA
How many brothers do you have? Why are you thinking that I will not come?
21- esjs pkjksa HkkbZ [kkuk [kk pqds gSaA 35- rqe tc ls vk;s gks] flQZ mlds ckjs esa ckr dj jgs
gksA
All of my 4 brothers have taken/eaten/had
Ever since you have come, you are only
the food.
talking about him/her.
152
Test – III
Q1: Translate the sentences from Hindi to English: 20 x 1 = 20
1- rqeus eq>s dHkh dqN dgk D;k \

2- eSa dSls crk ¡ fd rqe esjs D;k gksA
3- tc dHkh eSa rqels feyus vk ¡xk] D;k rqe eq>s oks lkjh fdrkcsa nksxh \
4- dbZ fnuksa ls eq>s rqe dqN ;kn fnyk jgh gksA
5- rqEgsa dSls ekywe fd esjs ikl bruk iSlk gSA
6- ft+Unxh ds glhu iy ge lc ds fy, ,d tSls gh gSaA
7- vkt gekjs ikl dqN ugha gSA
8- rqe flQZ fct+usl djus ds fy, gh cus gksA
9- ge yksx mu vkoktksa dks le>us dh dksf‛k‛k dj jgs FksA
10- oks yksx ml cPps dh ckrksa dks et+kd esa ys jgs FksA
11- jke dbZ fnu vkSj dbZ jkrksa ls fcuk #ds i<+ jgk FkkA
12- eSaus rqEgsa Mk¡Vk vkSj rqeus jksuk ‚kq# dj fn;k A
13- oks cPps rqEgkjs ?kj dh nhokj ds ihNs fNi x;s Fkss A
14- EkSa lHkh dks ml Hkwfr;k ?kj ds ckjs esa crk pqdk FkkA
15- rqEk esjs lkFk dHkh Hkh ugha FksA
16- rqe dc ls esjs ?kj esa jg jgs gks \
17- jke gekjh mEehnksa ij [kjk mrj jgk gSA
18- ek¡ vkSj cPpksa dk fj‛rk cgqr [kwclwjr gksrk gSA
19- eSa Hkhxk gqvk Fkk blfy, BaM yx x;hA
20- tgk¡ dgha Hkh rqe tkvksxs] oks rqEgsa ugha NksMs+xkA
Q2: Correct the following sentences: 10 x 1 = 10
1) He is walking in the park for a long.

2) My friend did not found peace anywhere.
3) I didn‟ t went there.
4) Ram worked with me never.
5) Life teach us thousand things.
6) I looked at the calender for the dates.
7) He is not walking because he is so week.
8) Have you seen my 3 story building?
9) He was sweeting when he came to me.
10) There were 5 students. There parents had also come.
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Answers
Q1:
1- rqeus eq>s dHkh dqN dgk D;k \ Did you ever say something to me?
2- eSa dSls crk ¡ fd rqe esjs D;k gksA How do I tell, what you are to me.
3- tc dHkh eSa vk ¡xk] D;k rqe eq>s oks lkjh fdrkcsa nksxh \ Whenever I come, will you give me all those
books?
4- dbZ fnuksa ls eq>s rqe dqN ;kn fnyk jgh gksA You have been reminding me of something for
many days.
5- rqEgsa dSls ekywe fd esjs ikl bruk iSlk gSA How do you know that I have this much money?
6- ft+Unxh ds glhu iy ge lc ds fy, ,d tSls gh gSaA Life‟s romantic moments are same for all of us.
7- vkt gekjs ikl dqN ugha gSA We have nothing today.
8- rqe flQZ fct+usl djus ds fy, gh cus gksA You are only meant / made for business.
9- ge yksx mu vkoktksa dks le>us dh dksf‛k‛k dj jgs FksA We people were trying to understand those
voices.
10- oks yksx ml cPps dh ckrksa dks et+kd esa ys jgs FksA Those people were taking that child lightly.
11- jke dbZ fnuksa ls yxkrkj i<+ jgk FkkA Ram had been continuously studying for many
days.
12- eSaus rqEgsa Mk¡Vk vkSj rqeus jksuk ‚kq# dj fn;k A I scolded you and you started weeping.
13- oks cPps rqEgkjh nhokj ij dqN fy[k jgs Fkss A Those children were writing something on your
house‟s wall.
14- EkSa lHkh dks ml Hkwfr;k ?kj ds ckjs esa crk pqdk FkkA I had told everyone about that haunted house.
15- rqEk esjs lkFk dHkh Hkh ugha FksA You were never with me.
16- rqe dc ls esjs ?kj esa jg jgs gks \ Since when have you been living at my home?
17- jke gekjh mEehnksa ij [kjk mrj jgk gSA Ram is living up to our expectations.
18- ek¡ vkSj cPpksa dk fj‛rk cgqr [kwclwjr gksrk gSA Mother and children‟s relation is very beautiful.
19- eSa Hkhxk gqvk Fkk blfy, BaM yx x;hA I was drenched hence got cold.
20- tgk¡ dgha Hkh rqe tkvksxs] oks rqEgsa ugha NksMs+xkA Wherever you go, he will not spare you.
Q2: correct sentences are written below with underlined corrected words or
group of words:
1) He is (has been) walking in the park for a long.

2) My friend did not found (find) peace anywhere.
3) I didn‟ t went (go) there.
4) Ram worked with me never. (Ram never worked with me)
5) Life teach (teaches) us thousand things.
6) I looked at the calender (calendar) for the dates.
7) He is not walking because he is so week (weak).
8) Have you seen my 3 story (storey) building?
9) He was sweeting (sweating) when he came to me.
10) There were 5 students. There (Their) parents had also come.
154
Test – IV
1- D;k vki yksx ml yM+ds ls feys Fks\ 26- oks dHkh ugha x;kA
2- eSaus mldh cgu dks igpku fy;k FkkA 27- lqjs‛k eq>ls feysxkA
3- [ksy ds nkSjku oks Fkdk gqvk lk yxkA 28- ge 7 cts Ldwy ds fy, fudys A
4- rqe eq>s cgqr vPNss yxrs gksA 29- cPps dHkh ugha x;s A
5- eSaus mls iSlk dHkh ugha fn;kA 30- eq>s ;s vPNk ugha yxrkA
6- dbZ yksx lM+d ij fpYyk jgs FksA 31- jke mls I;kj djrk gSA
7- mlus rqEgsa viuh ft+Unxh ls Hkh T;knk I;kj fd;kA 32- oDr ds lkFk lc cny tkrk gSA
8- ;s VwVk gqvk fxykl fdlus j[kk ;gk¡ \ 33- iSlk vkneh dh uh;r cnyrk gSA
9- D;k oks Ldwy x;k gksxk \ 34- mls dqN feyk gS] ‚kk;n dksbZ iSu A
10- rqe bruh rst D;ksa nkSM+ jgs gks \ 35- eSaus ;s iz‛u igys Hkh gy fd;k gSA
11- dkSu dkSu tk;sxk esjs lkFk \ 36- mlus 4 ?kaVs esjk bUrt+kj fd;k A
12- fdl vkneh dk csVk rqEgkjs ikik ds lkFk tkWac djrk gS\ 37- cPps pqi D;ksa ugha jgrs \
13- eSa vDlj mlds ;gk¡ tkrk gw¡A 38- eSaus mls gj txg <w¡<k A
14- oks fnu jkr D;ksa i<+rk gS \ 39- viuk jkLrk mlus [kqn cuk;kA
15- oks dHkh&dHkh esjs ?kj vkrk gSA 40- eq>s fdlh us ugha dgk] eSaus [kqn fd;k A
16- ge cgqr nsj rd mBs jgrs gSaA 41- oks eq>s ijs‛kku dj jgk gSA
17- rqEgkjk nksLr dkSu lh dkj pykrk gS \ 42- yksx vk;s FksA
18- eSa fdlds HkkbZ ds lkFk ukp jgk Fkk \ 43- eSaus vDlj mls ;gk¡ ns[kk gSA
19- rqe nksigj ls dqN <w¡< jgs gks \ 44- jke ugha djrkA
20- eSa tkurk gw¡ fd ;s gksxkA 45- mlus eq>s lkjh ckr crk;hA
21- rqe ogk¡ x;s Fks A 46- oks dbZ fnuksa ls yxkrkj i<+ jgk gSA
22- eSaus jke dks ns[kk gSA 47- eSaus ,slk ugha lkspk FkkA
23- mlds ikik esjs ?kj vk;s A 48- bl oDr oks i<+ jgk gksxk A
24- mUgkasus eq>s crk;k gSA 49- eSaus dqN Hkh ugha iwNkA
25- D;k mlus dgk \ 50- ge fQYe ns[k jgs Fks ml oDr] tc oks vk;k A
Answers
1- D;k vki yksx ml yM+ds ls feys Fks\ Had you people met that boy?
2- eSaus mldh cgu dks igpku fy;k FkkA I had recognized his/her sister.
3- [ksy ds nkSjku oks Fkdk gqvk lk yxkA He seemed/looked tired during the game.
4- rqe eq>s cgqr vPNss yxrs gksA I like you a lot.
5- eSaus mls iSlk dHkh ugha fn;kA I never gave him money.
6- dbZ yksx lM+d ij fpYyk jgs FksA There were many people shouting on the road.
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7- mlus rqEgsa viuh ft+Unxh ls Hkh T;knk I;kj fd;kA He loved you more than his life. 8-
;s VwVk gqvk fxykl fdlus j[kk ;gk¡ \ Who kept this broken glass here?
9- D;k oks Ldwy x;k gksxk \ Will he have gone to school?
10- rqe bruh rst D;ksa nkSM+ jgs gks \ Why are you running this fast?
11- dkSu dkSu tk;sxk esjs lkFk \ Who all will go with me?
12- fdl vkneh dk csVk rqEgkjs ikik ds lkFk tkWac djrk gS\Which man‟ s son works with your dad?
13- eSa vDlj mlds ;gk¡ tkrk gw¡A I often go to his place/home.
14- oks fnu jkr D;ksa i<+rk gS \ Why does he study 24 hours?
15- oks dHkh&dHkh esjs ?kj vkrk gSA He sometimes comes my home.
16- ge cgqr nsj rd mBs jgrs gSaA We wake up till late.
17- rqEgkjk nksLr dkSu lh dkj pykrk gS \ Which car does your friend drive?
18- eSa fdlds HkkbZ ds lkFk ukp jgk Fkk \ With whose brother was I dancing?
19- rqe nksigj ls dqN <w¡< jgs gks A You‟ ve been searching something since afternoon.
20- eSa tkurk gw¡ fd ;s gksxkA I know it will happen.
21- rqe ogk¡ x;s Fks A You had gone there.
22- eSaus jke dks ns[kk gSA I have seen Ram.
23- mlds ikik esjs ?kj vk;s A His father came to my home.
24- mUgkasus eq>s crk;k gSA He has told me.
25- D;k mlus dgk \ Did he say?
26- oks dHkh ugha x;kA He never went.
27- lqjs‛k eq>ls feysxkA Suresh will meet me.
28- ge 7 cts Ldwy ds fy, fudys A We left for school at 7.
29- cPps dHkh ugha x;s A Children never went.
30- eq>s ;s vPNk ugha yxrkA I don‟ t like this.
31- jke mls I;kj djrk gSA Ram loves him/her.
32- oDr ds lkFk lc cny tkrk gSA Everything changes with time.
33- iSlk vkneh dh uh;r cnyrk gSA Money changes one‟ s character.
34- mls dqN feyk gS] ‚kk;n dksbZ iSu A He has found something, probably a pen.
35- eSaus ;s iz‛u igys Hkh gy fd;k gSA I have solved this question before as well.
36- mlus 4 ?kaVs esjk bUrt+kj fd;k A He waited for me for 4 hours.
37- cPps pqi D;ksa ugha jgrs \ Why do children not keep quiet?
38- eSaus mls gj txg <w¡<k A I searched him everywhere.
39- viuk jkLrk mlus [kqn cuk;kA He made his way himself.
40- eq>s fdlh us ugha dgk] eSaus [kqn fd;k A Nobody said to me, I did myself.
41- oks eq>s ijs‛kku dj jgk gSA He is bothering me.
42- yksx vk;s FksA People had come.
43- eSaus vDlj mls ;gk¡ ns[kk gSA I have seen him here quite often.
44- jke ugha djrkA Ram doesn‟ t do.
45- mlus eq>s lkjh ckr crk;hA He told me everything.
46- oks dbZ fnuksa ls yxkrkj i<+ jgk gSA He has been studying continuously for many days.
47- eSaus ,slk ugha lkspk FkkA I hadn‟ t thought so.
48- bl oDr oks i<+ jgk gksxk A He will be studying at this time/moment.
49- eSaus dqN Hkh ugha iwNkA I didn‟ t ask anything at all.
50- ge fQYe ns[k jgs Fks ml oDr] tc oks vk;k A We were watching a movie, when he came.
156
Lesson – 20
It ¼bV½ & ;g] ;s
vkt ge vkidks „It‟ dk Concept i<+kus okys gSaA „It‟ dk iz;ksx dbZ rjg ds okD;ksa esa gksrk gS vkSj blds dbZ
fu;e gSaA ge ,d&,d djds le÷ksaxsA
Today, we are going to teach you the concept of „It‟ . „It‟ is used in many types of
sentences and has many rules. Let‟ s have a look one by one.
1st Concept
„It‟ vkSj „This‟ nksuksa dk vFkZ gS Þ;gÞ ij QdZ ;s gS fd „This‟ dk iz;ksx ltho o futhZo nksuksa ds lkFk gksrk gS
tcfd „It‟ dk iz;ksx dsoy futhZo ds lkFkA
„It‟ & „This‟ both are almost same in usage but the difference is: „This‟ is used for
both living and non living but „it‟ is used only for non living.
Example: ¼ mnkgj k ½
1- ;g ,d iSu gSA This is a pen. (Correct)

It is a pen. (Correct)
2- ;g I;kj gSA This is love. (Correct)
It is love. (Correct)
3- ;g esjk nksLr jke gSA This is my friend Ram. (Correct)
It is my friend Ram. (Incorrect because „It‟ can‟ t be used with
living being) ¼bl okD; eas „It‟ dk iz;ksx ugha dj ldrs D;ksafd jke ltho gS
futhZo ughaA½
,d ckr /;ku jgs fd dHkh&2 vki ik;saxs fd yksx ltho ds lkFk Hkh „It‟ dk iz;ksx dj jgs gSaA ekWMuZ vaxzst+h esa dbZ
fu;eksa ds viokn gSaA
You might find people using „it‟ with living being as well, like “It‟ s my friend, Rahul.”.
It‟ s nothing but an exception in modern English.
2nd Concept
„It‟ as a subject („It‟ dk iz;ksx subject dh rjg)
fdlh Hkh okD; dh ‚kq:vkr fnu ;kfu Ms ¼Day½ ls ugha gks ldrhA vxj okD; dh ‚kq:vkr *vkt*] *dy*] *ijlksa* vkfn
ls gks rks „It‟ dk iz;ksx Subject dh rjg fd;k tkuk pkfg,A tSls & vkt lkseokj gSA] dy NqV~Vh FkhA vkfnA
vxj ge dgsa fd vkt lkseokj gSA rks gekjk vaxzst+h esa ;s dguk fd Today is Monday xyr gksxkA ctk; blds
gesa It dks Subject dh rjg iz;ksx djuk gksxk vkSj dguk gksxk „It is Monday today‟ .
No Sentence can start with any day i.e. Monday, Sunday, Yesterday etc. If I say
“Today is Monday”, it‟ s an incorrect sentence; rather I need to say „It is Monday
today. Basically „it‟ is to be used as a subject if any day is mentioned.
157
Example: ¼mnkgj k ½
dy NqV~Vh FkhA It was holiday yesterday.

vkt esjk tUefnu gSA It is my birthday today.
dy NqV~Vh gksxh A It will be holiday tomorrow.
ml fnu dqN [kkl FkkA It was something special that day.
ijlksa D;k Fkk \ What was it day before yesterday?
dy jfookj FkkA It was Sunday yesterday.
3rd Concept
le; gks pqdk gS@x;k gS & Has been
le; gks pqdk Fkk@x;k Fkk & Had been
,sls okD;ksa esa „It‟ dk iz;ksx Subject dh rjg gksrk gSA

[„It‟ is used as a subject in such kind of sentences.]
Example: ¼mnkgj k ½
1- nks fnu gks x;s gaSA It has been 2 days.
2- nks lky gks pqds gSaA It has been 2 years
3- dbZ lky gks pqds FksA It had been many years.
4- lfn;k¡ chr pqdh gaSA It has been centuries.
5- djhc nks ?kaVs gks x;s gSaA It has been about 2 hours.
vc eSa ;s crk ¡xk fd bruk le; fdls yxk gS] *eq>s*] *mls* ;k fQj fdlsA
Now I will tell you who has taken this much time. It‟ s „me‟ , „him‟ or who?
1- eq>s nks fnu gks x;s gSaA It has been 2 days to me.
2- jke dks 6 lky gks x;s gSA It has been 6 years to Ram.
3- lhrk dks 5 eghus gks pqds gSaA It has been 5 months to Seeta.
4- eq>s 3 lky gks x;s FksA It had been 3 years to me.
vc ge bu okD;ksa esa dqN vkSj tksM+ nsrs gSaA (Let‟ s add on something more in these sentences)
vxj eSa dgw¡ & i<+rs gq, & Reading
lksrs gq, & Sleeping
[ksyrs gq, & Playing
;gk¡ ij Subject fØ;k dks vHkh Hkh dj jgk gSA tc eSaus dgk Þeq>s i<+rs gq, nks lky gks x;s gSaAÞ rks ;gk¡ ij Subject
;kfu eSa vHkh Hkh i<+us ds dke dks dj jgk gw¡A ,sls okD;ksa esa eSa verb dh 1st form ds lkFk flQZ „ing‟ dk iz;ksx
d#¡xkA
ij vxj eSa dgw¡ &
x;s gq, & having gone.
ns[ks gq, & having seen.
feys gq, & having met.
158
;gk¡ ij Subject fØ;k dks dj ugha jgk cfYd mls ;s dke fd;s gq, oDr gks pqdk gSA eSas dgrk gw¡ Þeq>s i<+ss gq, nks lky
gks x;s gSaAÞ rks ;gk¡ ij Subject ;kfu eSa i<+us ds dke dks dj pqdk gw¡ vkSj 2 lky dk oDr Hkh chr pqdk gSA ,sls okD;ksa
esa eSa having ds lkFk verb dh 3rd form dk iz;ksx d#¡xkA
1- eq>s nks fnu gks x, gSaA It has been 2 days to me.

2- eq>s feyrs gq, nks fnu gks x, gaSA It has been 2 days to me meeting.
(;gk¡ ij eSa nks fnu ls fey jgk gw¡A)
3- eq>s fey+s gq, nks fnu gks x, gSaA It has been 2 days to me having met.
(;gk¡ ij eSa nks fnu igys feyk FkkA)
4- jke dks 2 lky gks x, FksA It had been 2 years to Ram.
5- jke dks eq>ls feyrs gq, 2 lky gks x, FksA It had been 2 years to Ram meeting me.
6- jke dks eq>ls feys gq, 2 lky gks x, FksA It had been 2 years to Ram having met me.
Few more example: ¼ dqN vkSj mnkgj k ½
1- nks fnu gks x;s rqEgsa ns[ks gq,A It has been 2 days having seen you.
2- 7 lky gks x;s gSa mlds lkFk jgrs gq,A It has been 7 days living with him.
3- fdrus fnu gks x;s gSa \ How many days has it been ?
4- fdruk le; gks x;k Fkk \ How much time had it been ?
5- D;k 5 feuV gks x;s gSa \ Has it been 5 minutes ?
6- D;k lfn;k¡ xqtj x;h gSa \ Has it been centuries ?
7- mls 10 feuV gks x;s Fks A It had been 10 minutes to him.
8- eq>s cxZj [kk;s ,d eghuk gks x;k gSA It has been a month to me having eaten burger.
9- eq>s rqEgsa i<+k;s gq, eghuksa gks x;s gaSA It has been months to me having taught you.
10- fy[krs gq, eq>s nl feuV ugha gq, gSaA It has not been 10 minutes to me writing.
4th Concept –
le; yxuk] le; gks pqdk gksuk
„Take‟ as a verb („Take‟ dk iz;ksx verb dh rjg)
vxj okD; esa „Subject‟ ugha gS rks „It‟ dk iz;ksx „Subject‟ dh rjg fd;k tkuk pkfg,A
If there is no subject in the sentence then „It‟ can be used as a Subject.
fuEufyf[kr okD;ksa esa Subject ugha gSA
1- nks feuV yxrs gSaA It takes two minutes.

2- nks feuV yx jgs gSaA It is taking two minutes.
3- nks feuV yx pqds gSaA It has taken two minutes.
4- nks feuV yxsA It took two minutes.
5- nks feuV yx jgs FksA It was taking two minutes.
6- nks feuV yx pqds FksA It had taken two minutes.
159
7- nks feuV yxsaxsA It will take two minutes.
8- nks feuV yx ldrs gSaA It can take two minutes.
9- nks feuV yxus pkfg,A It should take two minutes.
10- nks feuV iDdk yxus pkfg,A It must take two minutes.
fuEufyf[kr okD;ksa esa Subject gSA
1- eq>s nks feuV yxrs gSaA I take two minutes. / It takes two minutes to me.
2- eq>s nks feuV yx jgs gSaA I am taking two minutes. / It is taking two minutes to me.
3- jke dks 10 feuV yxus pkfg,A Ram should take 10 minutes. / It should take 10 minutes to
Ram.
vc bu okD;ksa esa dqN vkSj tksM+rs gSaA (Let‟ s add something more in these sentences)
le; rks yxrk gS ij D;k djus esa \ (Takes time but in doing what?
feyus esa & To meet
vkus esa & To come
tkus esa & To go
igq¡pus esa & To reach
Example:¼ mnkgj k ½
1- ig¡qpus esa 2 feuV yxrs gSaA It takes 2 minutes to reach.
2- eq>s ig¡qpus esa 2 feuV yxrs gSaA I take 2 minutes to reach./ It takes me 2 mins to reach.
3- jke dks ig¡qpus esa 2 feuV yxrs gSaA Ram takes 2 minutes to reach.
4- rqels feyus esa dbZ lky yxsaxsA It will take many years to meet you.
5- rqels feyus esa eq>s dbZ lky yxsaxsA I will take many years to meet you.
6- ogk¡ ig¡qpus esa ikik dks 10 feuV yxsA Dad took 10 minutes to reach there.
7- [kkuk [kkus esa eq>s fdruk le; yxk \ How much time did I take to eat the food ?
8- [kkuk [kkus esa fdruk le; yxk \ How much time did it take to eat the food ?
9- eq>s vkidks i<+kus esa dkQh oDr yxsxkA I will take lots of time to teach you.
10- ;s djus esa eq>s nl fnu ls T+;knk yxsA I took more than 10 days to do this.
1. There is only one way to avoid criticism: do nothing, say nothing, and be nothing. So
remember, if you are criticized, never be afraid.
2. You can‟t make it big unless you try.
3. When I stand before God at the end of my life, I would hope that I would not have a single bit
of talent left and could say, I used everything you gave me.
4. Everybody does for himself; but if you do for others too, you live even after your life.
5. My life has no meaning if I contribute nothing for the poor.
6. If you are not criticized, that simply means you are not doing anything special.
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It – Practice Exercise
1- vkt rqEgkjk fnu gS] dy esjk gksxkA 2- 51- vxj rqe iSfUly ls fy[kks] rks dkQh le; yxsxk A
rqEgsa ns[ks gq, eq>s nl fnu gks x;s gSaA 52- rqe fdruk le; yksxs \
3- jke ls feys gq, lkr lky gks x;s gSaA 53- ;s [kRe djus esa rqe fdruk le; yksxs \
4- D;k dy NqV~Vh Fkh \ 54- eSa nl feuV yw¡xk A
5- 5 fnu yxsaxsA 55- oks fnu ,d Lis‛ky fnu Fkk A
6- 6 lky yxsA 56- ml fnu D;k Fkk \
7- eq>s ?kj igq¡pus esa 5 ?kaVs yxrs gSaA 57- va/ksjk gks jgk gSA
8- eq>s Ldwy igq¡pus esa vk/kk ?kaVk yxrk gSA 58- mel gks jgh gSA
9- jke dks [kkuk cukus esa dkQh le; yxrk gSA 59- ;g esjh [okfg‛k gSA
10- gesa dEI;wVj lh[kus esa 3 eghus yxsA 60- gekjh ‚kknh dh lkyfxjg gS vktA
11- rqEgsa <+w¡<+us esa eq>s dsoy 5 feuV yxs A 61- rqEgsa ns[ks gq, eq>s djhc 2 lky gks x;s gaSA
12- ;s dke djus esaa dkQh le; yxsxkA 13- 62- tc eSa ogk¡ igq¡pk] ckfj‛k gks jgh FkhA
vkt lkseokj ugha gS A 63- ogk¡ cgqr ckfj‛k gksrh gSA
14- dy NqV~Vh Fkh A 64- vkt ckfj‛k gks ldrh gSA
15- vkt ckfj‛k gksxhA 65- vkt ckfj‛k gksuh gSA
16- dy ckfj‛k gqbZ Fkh A 66- vkt ckfj‛k gksuh FkhA
17- ijlksa NqV~Vh FkhA 67- ;s rqEgkjh lksp gSA
18- ijlksa NqV~Vh gksxhA 68- ;s fdldk iSu gS \
19- 2 feuV yxrs gaSA 69- [kkus [kk;s gq, eq>s dbZ fnu gks x;s gSaA
20- 2 feuV yx jgs gSaA 70- vPNs diM+s igus gq, dbZ fnu gks x;s gSaA
21- 2 feuV yxs gSaA 71- ogk¡ x, gq, eq>s dbZ fnu gks x;s gSaA
22- 2 feuV yxsA 72- [kkuk [kk;s gq, eq>s dbZ fnu gks x;s gSaA
23- 2 feuV yx jgs FksA 73- vkt vksys iM+us FksA
24- 2 feuV yxs FksA 74- vkt vksys iM+ ldrs gSasA
25- 2 feuV yxsaxsA 75- vkt vksys iM+ ldrs Fks ij ugha iM+sA
26- eq>s 2 feuV yxsaxs A 76- oks esjh ft+Unxh dk cgqr vge fnu FkkA
27- vc rqEgkjh ckjh gSA 77- jke dks fy[kus esa T+;knk le; ugha yxkA
28- ;g rqEgkjk I;kj gSA 78- jke dks fy[kus esa FkksM+k lk gh le; yxkA
29- ;g D;k gS \ 79- bldh dher 5 # gSA
30- 2 fnu gks x;s gSaA 80- bldh dher 5 # gksxhA
31- 2 fnu gks x;s Fks A 81- ml fnu iwjs ns‛k esa NqV~Vh FkhA
32- eq>s 2 fnu gks x;s FksA 82- lqcg ls ckfj‛k gks jgh FkhA
33- rqels feys gq, eq>s 2 fnu gks x;s FksA 83- D;k vkt lkseokj gS \
34- mls fdruk le; yxsxk \ 84- ;gk¡ ckfj‛k gks jgh gSA
35- rqEgsa fdruk le; yxrk gS \ 85- ogk¡ vksys iM+ jgs FksA
36- rqEgas bruk le; D;ksa yx jgk gS \ 86- D;k dkQh le; gks x;k gS \
37- vkWfQl igq¡pus esa fdruk le; yxk \ 87- fdruk le; gks x;k gS \
38- vkWfQl igq¡pus esa rqEgsa fdruk le; yxk \ 88- D;k dy ckfj‛k gksxh \
39- jke dks cgqr le; yxk A 89- eq>s nks ?kaVs yxsA
40- dy vksys iM+s FksA 90- psjkiw¡th eas lcls vf/kd ckfj‛k D;ksa gksrh gS \
41- vkt vksys iM+saxsA 91- cxZj [kk;s gq, eq>s 4 eghus gks x;s gSaA
42- ijlksa vksys iM+saxsA 92- rqEgsa ns[ks gq, eq>s 3 fnu gks x;s gSaA
43- ijlksa vksys iM+s Fks A 93- D;k nsgjknwu esa ckfj‛k gqbZ \
44- ckfj‛k dc gksxh \ 94- Ckkfj‛k D;ksa gksrh gS \
45- D;k ckfj‛k gksxh \ 95- mUgsa ?kj igq¡pus esa fdruk le; yxk \
46- D;k ckfj‛k gks jgh gksxh \ 96- eSp dk vkuUn ysrs gq, 2 ?kaVs gks x, gSaA
47- fdrkc [kRe djus esa eq>s 2 eghus yxsA 97- ewoh ns[krs gq, eq>s 15 feuV gks x, gSaA
48- Lkhrk dks dkQh lky yxsA 98- ;g I;kj gSA
49- vkbZ , ,l vf/kdkjh cuus esa 3 lky yxsA 99- ;g ,d dqlhZ gSA
50- ;s diM+k flyus esa djhc 20 fnu yxsaxsA 100- ml ‚kgj esa ckfj‛k gks jgh gksxhA
161
Answers
1. It is your day today, tomorrow will be mine. 51. If you write with pencil, it will take longer time.
2. It has been 10 days to me having seen you. 52. How much time will you take?
3. It has been 7 years having met Ram. 53. How much time will you take to finish this?
4. Was it holiday yesterday? / Was it off 54. I will take 10 minutes.
yesterday? 55. It was a special day that day.
5. It will take 5 days. 56. What was it on that day?
6. It took 6 years. 57. It is getting dark.
7. It takes me 5 hours to reach home. 58. It is getting humid.
8. It takes me half an hour to reach school. 59. It / This is my wish/desire.
9. Ram takes lots of time to prepare the food. 60. It is our marriage anniversary today.
10. We took 3 months to learn computer. 61. It has been about 2 years having seen you.
11. I took only 5 minutes to find you. 62. When I reached there, it was raining.
12. It will take plenty of time to do this work. 63. It rains a lot there.
13. It is not Monday today. 64. It can rain today.
14. It was holiday yesterday. / It was off yesterday. 65. It has to rain today.
15. It will rain today. 66. It had to rain today.
16. It had rained yesterday. 67. It/This is your thinking.
17. It was holiday day before yesterday. 68. Whose pen is this/it?
18. It will be holiday day after tomorrow. 69. It has been many days to me having had food.
19. It takes 2 minutes. 70. It‟s been many days having worn good clothes.
20. It is taking 2 minutes. 71. It has been many days to me having gone there.
21. It has taken 2 minutes. 72. It has been many days to me having eaten.
22. It took 2 minutes. 73. It had to hail today.
23. It was taking 2 minutes. 74. It can hail today.
24. It had taken 2 minutes. 75. It could have hailed today but didn‟t.
25. It will take 2 minutes. 76. It was a very important day of my life.
26. I will take 2 minutes. / it will take me 2 minutes. 77. Ram didn‟t take much time to write.
27. It/This is your turn now. 78. Ram took a little time to write.
28. It/This is your love. 79. Its cost is Rs 5. / It costs Rs 5.
29. What is it/this? 80. Its cost will be Rs 5. / It will cost Rs 5.
30. It has been 2 days. 81. It was holiday that day in whole country.
31. It had been 2 days. 82. It had been raining since morning.
32. It had been 2 days to me. 83. Is it Monday today?
33. It had been 2 days to me having met you. 84. It is raining here.
34. How much time will he take? 85. It was hailing there.
35. How much time do you take? 86. Has it been enough time?
36. Why are you taking this much time? 87. How long has it been?
37. How much time did it take to reach office? 88. Will it rain tomorrow?
38. How much time did you take to reach office? 89. It took me 2 hrs. / I took 2 hrs.
39. Ram took lots of time. 90. Why does it rain the most in Cherapunji?
40. It had hailed yesterday. 91. It has been 4 months to me having eaten Burger.
41. It will hail today. 92. It has been 3 days to me having seen you.
42. It will hail day after tomorrow. 93. Did it rain in Dehradun?
43. It had hailed day before yesterday. 94. Why does it rain?
44. When will it rain? 95. How much time did they take to reach home
45. Will it rain? 96. It has been 2 hrs, enjoying the match.
46. Will it be raining? 97. It has been 15 mins to me, watching this movie.
47. It took me 2 months to finish the book. 98. It is love. / This is love.
48. Seeta took lots of time. 99. It is a chair. / This is a chair.
49. I took 3 years to become an IAS officer. 100. It will be raining in that city.
50. It will take about 20 days to stitch this cloth.
162
It – Test Papers
Test - I
1- 5 lky gks x;s gSaA 27- ;s djrs gq, gesa 2 lky gks pqds FksA
2- mls dbZ lky gks x;s gaSA 28- vxj ckfj‛k gqbZ rks eSa Hkhx tk ¡xk A
3- jke dks [kRe djus esa cgqr le; yxk A 29- lkspus dh ckr gSA
4- rqEgsa de le; yxsxk A 30- tc ge feys Fks ml fnu ckfj‛k gks jgh FkhA
5- eq>s 2 fnu yxsA 31- ml fnu D;k Fkk \ eaMs ;k laMs \
6- cPpksa dh NqV~Vh gS vkt A 32- mls ;s crkus esa le; D;ksa yxk \
7- ogk¡ igq¡pus esa 2 fnu yxrs gSaA 33- vPNk yxrk gSA
8- rqEgkjh lkyfxjg dc gS \ 34- ogk¡ vDlj ckfj‛k gksrh FkhA
9- mls dkQh le; gks x;k gSA 35- [kkuk [kk;s gq, gesa dbZ fnu gks x;s FksA
10- ckfj‛k gks jgh Fkh A 36- fdrus fnu gks x;s gSa \
11- D;k ;s dksbZ fx¶V gS \ 37- Ckkfj‛k gks ldrh Fkh ij gqbZ ugha A
12- 8 fnu gks x;s FksA 38- ;s dqN vkSj ugha rqEgkjh lksp gSA
13- ‚kk;n dy ckfj‛k gksxhA 39- ;s vPNh ckr ugha gSA
14- ijlksa vksys iM+s FksA 40- mls feys gq, rqEgsa fdrus lky gks x;s gSa \
15- esjk tUefnu FkkA 41- ckfj‛k ogk¡ dHkh ugha gksrh A
16- vkt dqN gSA 42- gesa dbZ fnu yx tk;saxs A
17- ;s fdrkc i<+rs gq, eq>s 3 eghus gks pqds gSaA 43- ;s dqN vkSj ugha Hkz"Vkpkj gSA
18- dy Ldqy dh NqV~Vh gksxhA 44- ;s ukVd ns[ks eq>s iwjs 2 eghus gks x;s gSaA
19- vkt vksys iDdk iM+saxs A 45- ogk¡ x;s gq, rqEgsa fdrus lky gks x;sA 46-
20- dkQh le; gks x;k FkkA ijlksa ckfj‛k gqbZ FkhA
21- D;k ml fnu dqN Fkk \ 47- ;s dqN vkSj ugha ikxyiu gSA
22- ml fnu lkseokj FkkA 48- ml fnu ckfj‛k tedj gksxh A
23- eq>s ;gk¡ jgrs gq, 10 lky gks x;s gSaA 49- vkt vksys iM+ ldrs gSaA
24- rqe ij fuHkZj djrk gSA 50- vkt ckfj‛k ugha gksuh pkfg, D;ksafd esjh cgu
25- dbZ lfn;k¡ chr xbZ gaSA dh ‚kknh gSA
26- bruh ckfj‛k D;ksa gksrh gS ;gk¡ \
Answers
1- 5 lky gks x;s gSaA It has been 5 years.

2- mls dbZ lky gks x;s gaSA It has been many years to him.
3- jke dks [kRe djus esa cgqr le; yxk A Ram took a long to finish.
4- rqEgsa de le; yxsxk A You will take less time.
5- eq>s 2 fnu yxsA I took me 2 days./ I took 2 days.
6- cPpksa dh NqV~Vh gS vkt A It‟ s children‟ s holiday today.
7- ogk¡ igq¡pus esa 2 fnu yxrs gSaA It takes 2 days to reach there.
8- rqEgkjh lkyfxjg dc gS \ When is your anniversary?
9- mls dkQh le; gks x;k gSA It has been a long to him.
10- ckfj‛k gks jgh Fkh A It was raining.
11- D;k ;s dksbZ fx¶V gS \ Is it some/a gift?
163
12- 8 fnu gks x;s FksA It had been 8 days.
13- ‚kk;n dy ckfj‛k gksxhA It may/might rain tomorrow.
14- ijlksa vksys iM+s FksA It had hailed yesterday.
15- esjk tUefnu FkkA It was my birthday.
16- vkt dqN gSA It‟ s something today.
17- ;s fdrkc i<+rs gq, eq>s 3 eghus gks pqds gSaA It has been 3 months to me reading this book.
18- dy Ldwy dh NqV~Vh gksxhA It will be school‟ s off tomorrow.
19- vkt vksys iDdk iM+saxs A It must hail today. / It will definitely hail today.
20- dkQh le; gks x;k FkkA It had been a long time.
21- D;k ml fnu dqN Fkk \ Was it something that day?
22- ml fnu lkseokj FkkA It was Monday that day.
23- eq>s ;gk¡ jgrs gq, 10 lky gks x;s gSaA It has been 10 years to me living here.
24- rqe ij fuHkZj djrk gSA It depends on you.
25- dbZ lfn;k¡ chr xbZ gaSA It has been many centuries.
26- bruh ckfj‛k D;ksa gksrh gS ;gk¡ \ Why does it rain this much here?
27- ;s djrs gq, gesa 2 lky gks pqds FksA It had been 2 years to us doing this.
28- vxj ckfj‛k gqbZ rks eSa Hkhx tk ¡xk A If it rains, I will be drenched.
29- lkspus dh ckr gSA It is a matter to think.
30- tc ge feys Fks ml fnu ckfj‛k gks jgh FkhA The day we had met, it was raining.
31- ml fnu D;k Fkk \ eaMs ;k laMs \ What was it that day? Monday or Sunday?
32- mls ;s crkus esa le; D;ksa yxk \ Why did he take time to tell this?
33- vPNk yxrk gSA It seems good./It feels good.
34- ogk¡ vDlj ckfj‛k gksrh FkhA It used to rain there quite often.
35- [kkuk [kk;s gq, gesa dbZ fnu gks x;s FksA It had been many days to us having taken the food.
36- fdrus fnu gks x;s gSa \ How many days has it been?
37- Ckkfj‛k gks ldrh Fkh ij gqbZ ugha A It could have rained but didn‟ t.
38- ;s dqN vkSj ugha rqEgkjh lksp gSA It is nothing else but your thinking.
39- ;s vPNh ckr ugha gSA It‟ s not good.
40- mls feys gq, rqEgsa fdrus lky gks x;s gSa \ How many years has it been to you having met him?
41- ckfj‛k ogk¡ dHkh ugha gksrh A It never rains there.
42- gesa dbZ fnu yx tk;saxs A We will take many days. / It‟ll take us many days.
43- ;s dqN vkSj ugha Hkz"Vkpkj gSA It is nothing else but corruption.
44- ;s ukVd ns[ks gq, eq>s iwjs 2 eghus gks x;s gSaA It‟s been complete 2 months to me having seen this serial.
45- ogk¡ x;s gq, rqEgsa fdrus lky gks x;s \ How many years has it been to you having gone there?
46- ijlksa ckfj‛k gqbZ FkhA It had rained day before yesterday.
47- ;s dqN vkSj ugha ikxyiu gSA It is nothing else but obsession.
48- ml fnu ckfj‛k tedj gksxh A It will rain heavily that day.
49- vkt vksys iM+ ldrs gSaA It may/might hail today.
50- ckfj‛k ugha gksuh pkfg, D;ksafd vkt esjh cgu dh ‚kknh gSAIt mustn‟t rain as it is my sister‟s marriage
today.
1. Failure is better teacher than success, because when you fail, you focus more for
the next try.
2. You can never cross the ocean until you have the courage to lose sight of the shore.
164
Test – II
1. It took me lots of time. 26. It will be raining there.

2. Did it hail there? 27. It took me a while to repair that mobile.
3. Does it make a difference? 28. What does it do?
4. How much time will you take? 29. What is it today?
5. It has been about a year having seen him. 30. It‟s my birthday.
6. It was nothing but his vision. 31. It wasn‟t my cup of tea.
7. It‟s hailing continuously. 32. Did it take much of your time?
8. It‟s hailing continually. 33. It can‟t bother me.
9. It didn‟t make any difference. 34. It is nothing else but a pen.
10. It was Monday that day. 35. It depends on your mentality.
11. It might rain today. 36. What is it in your pocket?
12. It might change your mind. 37. Why is it taking time? Is it because you are
13. It has been years to me having seen you. new?
14. It is nothing else but a try. 38. It‟s because I don‟t know about this.
15. It was taking long time. 39. It‟s because I had no knowledge.
16. It‟s holiday tomorrow. 40. Is it a machine kind/sort of?
17. It takes just 2 minutes to reach home. 41. It is something of that sort.
18. Did I take more than 5 minutes? 42. Is it a mobile kind/sort of?
19. Will you take much time? 43. No, it is nothing of that sort.
20. He had taken 3 hours to read the whole 44. Did it really rain heavily?
book. 45. It is not your cup of tea.
21. Does it matter? 46. How old is it?
22. It has been centuries having someone come 47. It seems to be very old.
here. 48. It seemed to be new one.
23. Will it bother you? 49. Should it be told to him?
24. It could have been delayed. 50. How can it be improved?
25. It will be better to go there.
Answers
1. It took me plenty of time. eq>s dkQh@cgqr le; yxk A

2. Did it hail there? D;k ogk¡ vksys iM+s \
3. Does it make a difference? D;k blls dksbZ QdZ iM+rk gS \
4. How much time will you take? rqEgsa fdruk le; yxsxk \
5. It has been about a year having seen him. mls ns[ks gq, djhc ,d lky gks x;k gSA
6. It was nothing but his vision. ;s dqN vkSj ugha cfYd mldk n`f"Vdks k¼lksp½ FkkA
7. It‟ s hailing continuously. yxkrkj vksys iM+ jgs gSaA
8. It‟ s hailing continually. #d&#d dj vksys iM+ jgs gSaA
9. It didn‟ t make any difference. blls dksbZ QdZ ugha iM+kA
10. It was Monday that day. ml fnu lkseokj FkkA
11. It might rain today. vkt ‚kk;n ckfj‛k gks ldrh gSA
12. It might change your mind. ;s ckr rqEgkjk eu cny ldrh gSA
13. It has been years to me having seen you. rqEgsa ns[ks gq, eq>s lkyksa gks x, gSa A
14. It is nothing else but a try. ;s dqN vkSj ugha] ,d dksf‛k‛k gSA
165
15. It was taking long time. dkQh le; yx jgk Fkk A
16. It‟ s holiday tomorrow. dy NqV~Vh gSA
17. It takes just 2 minutes to reach home. ?kj igq¡pus esa cl 2 feuV yxrs gSaA
18. Did I take more than 5 minutes? D;k eq>s 5 feuV ls T+;knk yxs \
19. Will you take much time? D;k rqEgsa cgqr le; yxsxk \
20. He had taken 3 hours to read the whole book. mls iwjh fdrkc i<+us esa 3 ?kaVs yxsA
21. Does it matter? QdZ iM+rk gS D;k \
22. It has been centuries having someone come here.lfn;k¡ chr xbZ gaS] ;gk¡ dksbZ vk;s gq,A
23. Will it bother you? D;k ;s rqEgsa ijs‛kku djsxk \
24. It could have been delayed. nsjh gks ldrh Fkh A
25. It will be better to go there. ogk¡ tkuk csgrj gksxk A
26. It will be raining there. ogk¡ ckfj‛k gks jgh gksxhA
27. It took me a while to repair that mobile. eq>s ml eksckby dks Bhd djus esa FkksM+k le; yxkA
28. What does it do? ;s D;k djrk gS \
29. What is it today? vkt D;k gS \
30. It‟ s my birthday. esjk tUefnu gSA
31. It wasn‟ t my cup of tea. ;s esjs cl dh ckr ugha Fkh A
32. Did it take much of your time? D;k blus rqEgkjk dkQh le; fy;k \
33. It can‟ t bother me. ;s ckr eq>s ijs‛kku ugha dj ldrh A
34. It is nothing else but a pen. ;s dqN vkSj ugha] ,d iSu gSA
35. It depends on your mentality. ;s rqEgkjh lksp ij fuHkZj djrk gSA
36. What is it in your pocket? rqEgkjh tsc esa D;k gS \
37. Why is it taking time? Is it because you are new? le; D;ksa yx jgk gS\ blfy, D;ksafd rqe u;s gks\
38. It‟ s because I don‟ t know about this. blfy, D;ksafd eSa blds ckjs esa ugha tkurk A
39. It‟ s because I had no knowledge. blfy, D;ksafd eq>s Kku ugha FkkA
40. Is it a machine kind/sort of? D;k ;s dksbZ e‛khu tSlk gS \
41. It is something of that sort. ;s dqN oSlk gh gSA
42. Is it a mobile kind/sort of? D;k ;s eksckby tSlk dqN gS \
43. No, it is nothing of that sort. ugha] ;s ml rjg dk dqN ugha gSA
44. Did it really rain heavily? D;k okdbZ esa Hkkjh ckfj‛k gqbZ \
45. It is not your cup of tea. ;s rqEgkjs cl dh ckr ugha gSA
46. How old is it? ;s fdruk iqjkuk gS \
47. It seems to be very old. ;s cgqr iqjkuk yxrk gSA
48. It seemed to be new one. ;s u;k lk yxk A
49. Should it be told to him? D;k ;s ckr mls crk;h tkuh pkfg, \
50. How can it be improved? bls dSls lq/kkjk tk ldrk gS \
1- Hkfo"; gksrk ugha gS] bldk fuekZ k gesa [kqn djuk gksrk gSA
2- rkyhesa ugha nh tkrh ifjanksa dks mM+kuksa dh]

os [kqn gh r; djrs gSa] apkbZ vklekuksa dh]
j[krs gSa tks gkSalyk vkleku dks Nwus dk]
oks ugha djrs ijokg t+ehu is fxj tkus dhA
166
Lesson – 21
Modals ¼eksMkYl½
“Modals ,slh lgk;d fØ;k,¡ gksrh gSa ftudk iz;ksx okD; esa eq[; fØ;k ds lkFk fd;k tkrk gS rkfd fd;s tkus
okys dk;Z dh leFkZrk] lEHkkouk] fuf‛prrk] btktr+ vkSj vko‛;drk O;Dr dh tk ldsA”
uhps nh x;h Vscy ls vki tku ik;saxs fd eksMky lgk;d fØ;k,¡ dkSu lh gSa] udkjkRed okD;ksa esa not dk iz;ksx
fdl rjg fd;k tkuk pkfg, o ;s Hkh fd fdl eksMky lgk;d fØ;k ds lkFk eq[; fØ;k dh dkSu lh QkeZ yxsxhA
“Modal Helping verbs are used with main verbs of the sentence to express ability,
possibility, certainty, permission and necessity.”
Following table lets you know about modal helping verbs, their negatives and also the form of
main verbs to be used with that particular modal.
eq[; fØ;k dh
dkSu lh form
Modal lgk;d fØ;k,¡ udkjkRed okD; esa dgk¡ ij not yxkuk gS & yxkuh gS &
S.No
Modal Helping Verbs Where to use „not‟ in negatives Which form of
main verb to
be used
1 Can Can not 1st form
2 Could Could not 1st form
3 Could have Could not have 3rd form
4 May / Might May not / Might not 1st form
5 May have / Might have May not have / Might not have 3rd form
6 Should Should not 1st form
7 Should have Should not have 3rd form
8 Must Must not 1st form
9 Must have Must not have 3rd form
10 Ought to Ought not to 1st form
11 Ought to have Ought not to have 3rd form
12 Has to / Have to Has not to / Have not to 1st form
13 Had to Had not to 1st form
14 Will have to Will not have to 1st form
15 Will be able to Will not be able to 1st form
16 Would like to Would not like to 1st form
17 Used to Did not use to 1st form
18 Need / Needs/Needed Don‟t need / Doesn‟t need / Didn‟t need 1st form
19 Dare to/ Dares to/ Dared to Don‟t dare to / Doesn‟t dare to / Didn‟t dare to 1st form
167
Can (ldrk gS) / Could (ldk] ik;k) / Could have (ldrk Fkk)
1- fo/kkFkhZ Ldwy ls ?kj vk ldrs gSaA Students can come home from school.
2- yksx rqEgkjs ckjs esa xyr lksp ldrs gSaA People can think wrong about you.
3- dqN Hkh gks ldrk FkkA Anything could have happened.
4- rqe dHkh fdlh dks I;kj ugha dj ldrsA You can never love anyone.
5- rqe le; is D;ksa ugha vk lds\ Why could you not come in time?
6- rqe uy [kksy ldrs Fks ij rqeus ugha [kksykA You could have turned on the tap but you didn‟t.
7- eSa tk ugha ik;kA I couldn‟ t go.
8- D;k rqe dy jkr lks ik;s \ Could you sleep last night?
May/Might (ldrk gS) / May have/Might have (ldrk Fkk)

(Possibility - lEHkkouk O;Dr djus ds fy,)
1- vkt ckfj‛k gks ldrh gSA It may/might rain today.

2- ;s rqEgkjs lkFk Hkh rks gks ldrk gSA It may also happen with you.
3- oks fdlh dks Hkh ekj ldrk FkkA He may have/might have killed anyone.
4- ml fnu ckfj‛k gks ldrh FkhA It may/might have rained that day.
May (ldrk gS)

(Permission – vuqefr ysus ds fy,)
1- D;k eSa vUnj vk ldrk gw¡ \ May I come in?
2- D;k eSa cSB ldrk gw¡ \ May I sit?
3- D;k eSa rqEgkjh fdrkc ,d ckj ns[k ldrk gw¡ \ May I see your book once?
or
May I have a look at your book once?
May
(Wish – bPNk O;Dr djus ds fy,)
1- Hkxoku djs vki lQy gks tk;saA May you succeed!

2- Hkxoku vkidks cM+k vkneh cuk;sA May you become a rich man!
3- Hkxoku vkidks vk‛khZokn nsA May God bless you!
4- rqEgsa esjh mez yx tk;sA May you live long!
5- Hkxoku geasa ekQ djsA May God forgive us!
Should (pkfg,) / Should have (pkfg, Fkk)
1- rqEgsa ,slk ugha dguk pkfg,A You shouldn‟ t say so.

2- yksxksa dks fudy tkuk pkfg,A People should leave.
3- rqEgsa ogk¡ tkuk pkfg, FkkA You should have gone there.
4- ft+Unxh vklku gksuh pkfg, Fkh ij ugha FkhA Life should have been easy but it wasn‟ t.
5- rqEgsa eq>s ;kn fnykuk pkfg, FkkA You should have reminded me.
6- rqEgsa de ls de ‚kknh esa rks tkuk pkfg, FkkA You should have at least attended the marriage.
168
Ought to (pkfg,) / Ought to have (pkfg, Fkk)
„should‟ dh txg „ought to‟ dk iz;ksx Hkh fd;k tk ldrk gSA ij vc „ought to‟ dk iz;ksx vDlj ugha gksrkA
„should‟ can be replaced with „ought to‟ but „ought to‟ is rarely used now.
1- rqEgsa ,slk ugha dguk pkfg,A You ought not to say so.
2- yksxksa dks fudy tkuk pkfg, FkkA People ought to have left.
Must (pkfg, ¿t+#jÀ) / Must have (pkfg, Fkk ¿t+#jÀ)

1- ikik chekj gSaA rqEgsa mUgsa ns[kus tkuk gh pkfg,A Dad is unwell. You must go to see him.
2- gesa vius ekrk firk dh lsok djuh pkfg,A We must serve our parents.
3- rqEgsa t+#j vkuk pkfg, FkkA You must have come.
Has to/Have to (djuk gS@djuk iM+rk gS)

1- gesa ogk¡ jkst+ tkuk iM+rk gSA We have to go there daily.
2- mls I;kj ls ckr djuh iM+rh gSA He has to speak politely.
3- eq>s tkuk gSA I have to go.
4- eq>s ugha tkuk gSA I have not to go.
5- jke dks dgha ugha tkuk gSA Ram has not to go anywhere./Ram has to go nowhere.
6- jke dks ?kj vkuk gSA Ram has to come home.
7- rqe yksxksa dks tkuk ugha gS D;k \ Have you people not to go?
8- mlss dgk¡ tkuk gS \ Where has he to go?
Had to (djuk Fkk@djuk iM+rk Fkk@djuk iM+k)

1- gesa ogk¡ jkst+ tkuk iM+rk FkkA We had to go there daily.
2- eq>s tkuk FkkA I had to go.
3- eq>s tkuk iM+kA I had to go.
4- D;k rqEgsa ;s dke djuk Fkk \ Had you to do this work?
5- mls fdlls feyuk Fkk \ Whom had he to meet?
Will have to (djuk iMsxk)

1- ,d fnu rqEgsa ijs‛kkuh >syuh iM+sxhA You will have to face trouble some/one day.
2- eq>s dHkh u dHkh ogk¡ tkuk iM+sxkA I will have to go there some/one day.
3- D;k eq>s ;s Hkh djuk iM+sxk \ Will I have to do this too?
Will be able to (ldsxk] ik;sxk)

1- eSa ogk¡ ugha tk ik ¡xk@ldw¡xkA I will not be able to go there.
2- D;k rqe ;s dj ldksxs@ikvksxs \ Will you be able to do this?
Would like to (pkgw¡xk)

1- eSa rqels ,d ckj feyuk pkgw¡xkA I would like to meet you once.
2- D;k rqe esjs lkFk Mk¡l djuk pkgksxhs \ Would you like to dance with me?
3- D;k rqe ihVuk pkgksxs \ Would you like to beat?
4- D;k rqe fiVuk pkgksxs \ Would you like to be beaten?
5- lcls igys eSa rqels ,d loky iwNuk pkgw¡xkA First of all, I would like to ask you a question.
6- eSa vkidks rgs fny ls /kU;okn nsuk pkgw¡xkA I would like to thank you from the core of my heart.
169
Very Important Rule for changing „will‟ to „must‟ or „may/might‟ (Don‟t miss it)
vxj fdlh Hkh Future Indefinite, Future Continuous ;k Future Perfect Tense ds okD; esa
*iDdk* ;k *t+#j* fy[kk gks vkSj vkidks fgUnh esa vuqokn djuk gks rks T+;knk dqN djus dh t+#jr ugha] flQZ „will‟ dks
„must‟ esa cny nhft, vkSj blh rjg vxj *‛kk;n* fy[kk gks] rks „will‟ dks „might‟ ;k „may‟ esa cny nhft,A
jke tk;sxkA Ram will go.

jke iDdk@t+#j tk;sxkA Ram must go. (Ram will definitely go.)
‚kk;n jke tk;sxkA @‛kk;n jke tk;sA Ram may/might go. (Maybe Ram will go.)
jke tk jgk gksxkA Ram will be going.

jke iDdk tk jgk gksxkA Ram must be going.
‚kk;n jke tk jgk gksxkA@‛kk;n jke tk jgk gksA Ram may/might be going.
jke tk pqdk gksxkA Ram will have gone.

jke iDdk tk pqdk gksxkA Ram must have gone.
‚kk;n jke tk pqdk gksxkA @‛kk;n jke tk pqdk gksA Ram may/might have gone.
vc dqN mnkgj k nsf[k, &

Have a look at a few examples now –
1- ‚kk;n cl vk jgh gksA Bus might/may be coming.

2- oks iDdk ?kj igq¡p pqdk gksxkA He must have reached home.
3- eSa mlls t+#j fey¡wxkA I must meet him/her.
4- ‚kk;n yksx pys x;s gksaA People might have left/gone.
5- oks iDdk mlls feyus tk jgk gksxkA He must be going to meet her/him.
Used to (fd;k djrk Fkk] djrk Fkk)
1- eSa lqcg t+Ynh mBrk FkkA I used to get up early in the morning.
2- rqe eq>s mBkrs FksA You used to wake me up.
3- ge cpiu esa lkFk lkFk [ksyrs FksA We used to play together in childhood.
4- oks Ldwy ugha tkrk FkkA He didn‟ t use to go to school.
5- D;k oks dsoy nks ?kaVs lksrk Fkk \ Did he use to sleep only for two hours?
Important Rule:
vxj okD; esa ,d ckj „used to‟ vk tk;s rks „used to‟ nksckjk iz;ksx ugha djuk pkfg,] mldh txg ij gj ckj
„would‟ dk iz;ksx csgrj fodYi gSA
1- eSa vkrk Fkk vkSj oks tkrk FkkA I used to come and he would go.
2- eSa 5 cts mBrk FkkA fQj eSa nks ?kaVs i<+rk FkkA I used to get up at 5. Then, I would study for 2 hours.
3- oks vkrh FkhA eSa Hkkx tkrk FkkA fQj oks eq>s cqykrh FkhA She used to come. I would run. Then, she would
call me.
170
Important Rule:
vxj iSjkxzkQ fdlh chrh ckr ds ckjs esa crk jgk gks rks „used to‟ dh txg gj ckj „would‟ dk iz;ksx gksrk gSA
If the paragraph is in past, then „would‟ replaces „used to‟ .
1- ,d jktk FkkA oks jkst+ 6 cts mBrk FkkA There was a king. He would get up daily at 6.
2- eSa cgqr cqjk Fkk ij eSa viuh eEeh dks cgqr I;kj djrk FkkA I was very bad but I would love my mom
a lot.
Would
(chrs gq, dy esa dgh gqbZ Hkfo"; dh ckr & will dh txg would dk iz;ksx)
(Something related to future but spoken in past)
1- mlus dgk fd oks gekjh enn djsxkA He said that he would help us.
2- eq>s ekywe Fkk fd og thrsxkA I knew that he would win.
3- eSaus dHkh ugha lkspk Fkk fd og bruk LokFkhZ gksxkA I had never thought that he would be this
much selfish.
4- eq>s lansg ugha Fkk fd rqe thrksxsA I had no doubt that you would win.
5- eq>s yxk fd oks dHkh ugha vk;sxkA I thought that he would never come.
Would
fuosnu djus ds fy, (For request)
1- D;k rqe Ñi;k esjh enn djksxs\ Would you please help me?
2- D;k rqe Ñi;k njoktk [kksy nksxs\ Would you please open the door?
Is/Am/Are/Was/Were + Used to
(fdlh pht+ dh vknr gks tkuk ;k mldk vknh gks tkuk)
(to become comfortable/habitual to something)
1- eq>s xkyh lquus dh vknr gSA I am used to listen to abuses. / I am habitual to listen to
abuses.
2- eq>s bl dkj dh vknr gks xbZ gSA I am used to this car./ I am habitual to this car.
3- rqEgsa >wB cksyus dh vknr FkhA You were used to tell a lie./ You were habitual to tell a lie.
4- jke dks jkr Hkj txs jgus dh vknr gSA Ram is used to wake up for the whole night.
Need(s) + Noun/Pronoun
Need(s) to + verb 1st form
(t+#jr gS] vko‛;drk gS] pkfg,)
Rule:
Need ds vkxs czSdsV esa „s‟ yxkus dk eryc gS fd Singular Subject ds lkFk „needs‟ tcfd Plural
Subject ds lkFk dsoy „need‟ yxsxkA
fdl pht+ dh t+#jr gS] D;k pkfg, \ vxj dqN ,slk pkfg, tks fd ,d Noun ;k Pronoun gks rks Need ds
lkFk „to‟ ugha yxsxkA vxj eSa dgw¡ fd eq>s tkuk pkfg,A ;gk¡ ij eq>s fdl pht+ dh t+#jr gS] D;k pkfg, \ tkus dh
t+#jr gS ;kfu tkuk pkfg,A tkuk ,d fØ;k gS blfy, Need ds lkFk „to‟ yxsxkA
Using „s‟ in bracket with „need‟ means that Singular subject will be followed by
„needs‟ and plural subject will be followed by „need‟ .
171
Another point is that if we need a noun or a pronoun, then we don‟t use „to‟ with need otherwise
in case of a verb, we use „need to‟ or we can also use „should‟ instead of „need to‟.
fgUnh okD; English Sentence Comments

jke dks iSu pkfg,A@ Ram needs a pen. iSu pkfg,A iSu dksbZ fØ;k ugha gS] iSu rks ,d
jke dks iSu dh t+#jr gSA laKk gS blfy, Need ds lkFk „to‟ ugha
yxsxkA
(„Pen‟ is not a verb; it is a noun so
„need‟ will not be followed by „to‟ .)
jke dks tkuk pkfg,A Ram needs to go. / tkuk pkfg,A tkuk ;kfu go ,d fØ;k gS
Ram should go. blfy, Need ds lkFk „to‟ yxsxkA
(„Go‟ is a verb so „need‟ will be
followed by „to‟ .)
jke dks iSu ugha pkfg,A@ Ram doesn‟ t need a pen.
jke dks iSu dh t+#jr ugha
gSA
jke dks tkuk ugha pkfg,A@ Ram doesn‟ t need to go.

jke dks tkus dh t+#jr ugha /
gSA Ram should not go.
eq>s ek¡ pkfg,A @ I need mom. ek¡ pkfg,A ek¡ dksbZ fØ;k ugha gS] ek¡ rks ,d
eq>s ek¡ dh t+#jr gSA laKk gS blfy, Need ds lkFk „to‟ ugha
yxsxkA
(„Mom‟ is not a verb; it is a noun so
„need‟ will not be followed by „to‟.)
Needed+ Noun/Pronoun
Needed to + verb 1st form
(t+#jr Fkh] vko‛;drk Fkh] pkfg, Fkk)
1- eq>s rqEgkjh t+#jr FkhA I needed you.
2- rqEgsa iSu pkfg, FkkA You needed a pen.
3- jke dks tkuk pkfg, FkkA Ram needed to go. / Ram should have gone.
4- gesa lkspuk pkfg, FkkA We needed to think. / We should have thought.
5- eq>s fdlh dh t+#jr ugha FkhA I didn‟ t need anyone.
6- D;k mls I;kj dh t+#jr ugha Fkh \ Did he not need love?
Dare(s)/ Dared + Noun/Pronoun

Dare(s)/ Dared to + verb 1st form
(fgEer djuk)
1- oks tkus dh fgEer djrk gSA He dares to go.
2- oks ogk¡ tkus dh fgEer ugha djrkA He doesn‟t dare to go there. / He dare not to go there.
3- rqEgkjh ;gk¡ vkus dh fgEer dSls gqbZ \ How dare you come here?
4- jke us [ksyus dh fgEer dhA Ram dared to play.
5- jke us [ksyus dh fgEer ugha dhA Ram dared not to play. / Ram didn‟ t dare to play.
6- jke dh fgEer dSls gqbZ \ How dare Ram?
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Modals – Practice Exercise
1- eq>s ns[kuk gS A 48- jke fdlh rjg ogk¡ igq¡p ldrk FkkA
2- mls crkuk iM+k A 49- jke dks mlls dHkh ugha feyuk pkfg,A
3- jke dks [ksyuk iM+sxk A 50- yksx rqEgkjs ckjs esa lksp ldrs FksA
4- mls esjh ckr ekuuh iM+sxh A 51- ft+Unxh vklku gksuh pkfg, Fkh ij ugha FkhA
5- eq>s tkuk pkfg, Fkk A 52- eq>s oDr dk ikcUn gksuk pkfg,A
6- ge [ksyk djrs Fks A 53- mlus dgk fd oks gekjh enn djsxkA
7- yksx eq>s lyeku [kku cqykrs Fks A 54- nwYgk nqYgu dks ckr djuh pkfg, FkhA
8- D;k rqe tk ik;s \ 55- yksx rqEgkjs ckjs esa xyr lksp ldrs gSaA
9- D;k rqe ;gk¡ lks ikvksxs \ 56- jkds‛k dks yM+fd;k¡ ugha NsM+uh pkfg,A
10- ge dHkh ugha Hkqyk lds A 57- rqEgsa eq>s ;kn fnykuk pkfg, FkkA
11- eq>s vius vkl&ikl dksbZ ugha pkfg, A 58- jke dks eq>ls t#j feyuk pkfg, FkkA
12- ‚kk;n oks tk jgk gks A 59- mls dgk¡ tkuk gS+++ \
13- mls eq>s crkuk pkfg, FkkA 60- oks dgk¡ ls vkrk Fkk \
14- vc mlds [kpsZ rqEgsa mBkus iM+saxs A 61- D;k oks tkuk pkgrk gS \
15- eSa vkrk Fkk vkSj oks tkrk Fkk A 62- D;k mls dqN pkfg, Fkk \
16- cPps dks ek¡ dh t:jr gksrh gS A 63- rqEgsa bruh tYnh ugha lksuk pkfg,A
17- ‚kk;n cl vk jgh gksxh A 64- rqe tc pkgks vk ldrs gksA
18- fdlh dks I;kj ugha pkfg, A 65- rqEgsa de ls de ogk¡ tkuk pkfg, FkkA
19- nksuksa dHkh Hkh vk ldrs gSa A 66- rqe tYn gh vaxzst+h cksy ldksxs A
20- eSa iDdk tk ¡xk A 67- eSaus dHkh ugha lkspk Fkk fd og LokFkhZ gksxkA
21- ;s iz‛u dksbZ ugha dj ik;sxk A 68- rqe tc rd pkgks rc rd dke dj ldrs gksA
22- eq>s dqN dguk gS A 69- D;k oks ;s dke dj ldsxk\
23- ge [ksyus pys tkrs Fks A 70- cPpk dqN fnuksa esa gh vPNh rjg cksy ldsxkA
24- eq>s fdlh dh t+:jr ugha gS A 71- rqEgsa mlds ?kj okfil tkuk pkfg,A
25- eq>s rqe ;kn djrs Fks A 72- eq>s ekywe Fkk fd oks thrsxkA
26- lhrk iDdk cl idM+ pqdh gksxh A 73- rqe bfErgku ikl ugha dj ldrsA
27- ‚kk;n oks rqels feys A 74- eSa vkidks /kU;okn nsuk pkgw¡xkA
28- cpiu esa ge nksuksa lkFk&lkFk [ksyrs Fks A 75- eq>s lansg ugha Fkk fd rqe thrksxsA
29- mls D;k dguk gS \ 76- rqe [kk ldrs gks] pkgs ;s ;k pkgs oksA
30- eSa vk ldrk Fkk ij eSa ugha vk ik;k A 77- eq>s yxk fd oks dHkh ugha vk;sxkA 78-
31- eSa ?kweus dHkh ugha tk ldrkA eSa rqels flQZ ,d ckj feyuk pkgw¡xkA 79-
32- rqEgsa >wB cksyus dh vknr gSA og iDdk cl ls x;k gksxkA
33- rqe uy [kksy ldrs Fks ij rqeus ugha [kksykA 80- rqEgkjs iz;Ru lQy gksus pkfg,A
34- dqN Hkh gks ldrk gSA eSa dg ugha ldrkA 81- rqe fdlls ckr djuk pkgksxs\
35- rqEgsa igkM+ksa esa jguk pkfg, D;ksafd rqEgsa fny dh chekjh 82- jke i<+us ds ctk; [ksyuk ilUn djsxkA
gSA 83- eq>s xkyh lquus dh vknr gSA
36- oks eq>ls nwj dHkh ugha tk ldrhA 84- rqEgsa bl rjg ds ekgkSy esa jgus dh vknr gks pqdh gSA
37- jke feBkbZ [kk ldrk FkkA 85- rqEgsa dy mlls feyuk FkkA
38- fo/kkFkhZ Ldwy ls ?kj vk ldrs gSaA 86- vkt eq>s ‚kkWfiax ds fy, tkuk pkfg, FkkA
39- eSa dHkh xkuk ugha xk ldkA 87- igys eSa rqels ,d loky iwNuk pkgw¡xkA
40- rqe eq>ls feyus vk ldrs gksA 88- rqEgsa esjs ifjokj ls feyuk pkfg, FkkA
41- rqe le; is D;ksa ugha vk lds\ 89- D;k eq>s jkr Hkj txs jgus dh vknr gS \
42- rqe dHkh fdlh dks I;kj ugha dj ldrsA 90- D;k eSa vanj vk ldrk gw¡ \
43- jkts‚k vius fny dh ckr dHkh ugha dg ldkA 91- rqEgsa de ls de vkt rks dke djuk pkfg, FkkA
44- vaxwj [kVVs gks ldrs FksA 92- D;k eSa vc tk ldrk gw¡ \
45- rqEgsa esjk vkHkkjh gksuk pkfg,A 93- Hkxoku gesa ekQ djsA
46- ge rq>s cnkZ‛r dHkh ugha dj ldrsA 94- D;k jke ogk¡ tkrk Fkk \
47- D;k eq>s psgjs ij dqN yxkuk pkfg, \
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Answers
1. I have to see. 49. Ram should never meet him.
2. He had to tell. 50. People could have thought about you.
3. Ram will have to play. 51. Life should have been easy but wasn‟t.
4. He will have to follow my instructions. 52. I must be punctual.
5. I should have gone. 53. He said he would help us.
6. We used to play. 54. Groom and bride should have talked.
7. People used to call me Salman Khan. 55. People can think wrong about you.
8. Could you go? 56. Rakesh shouldn‟t tease girls.
9. Will you be able to sleep here? 57. You should have reminded me.
10. We could never forget. 58. Ram must have met me.
11. I don‟t need anybody around me. 59. Where has he to go?
12. He might be going. 60. From where did he use to come?
13. He must have told me. 61. Does he want to go?
14. Now, you will have to bear his expenses. 62. Did he need something?
15. I used to come and he would go. 63. You should not sleep this early.
16. Child needs mother. 64. Whenever you want, you can come.
17. Bus might be coming. 65. You should have atleast gone there.
18. Nobody needs love. 66. Soon, you will be able to speak English.
19. Both can come anytime. 67. I had never thought that he‟ll be selfish.
20. I must go. 68. As long as you want, you can work.
21. Nobody will be able to solve this question. 69. Will he be able to do this work?
22. I have to say something. 70. Child will be able to speak within only a
23. We used to go to play. few days.
24. I don‟t need anybody. 71. You must go back to his home.
25. You used to miss/remember me. 72. I knew that he would win.
26. Seeta must have taken/caught the bus. 73. You can‟t pass the exam.
27. He might meet you. 74. I would like to thank you.
28. We both used to play together in 75. I had no doubt that you would win.
childhood. 76. You can eat; either this or that.
29. What has he to say? 77. I thought that he will never come.
30. I could have come but I could not come. 78. I would like to meet you only once.
31. I can never go for a walk. 79. He must have gone by bus.
32. You are in the habit of telling a lie. 80. You efforts must be fruitful.
33. You could have turned the tap on but you 81. Whom would you like to talk?
didn‟t. 82. Ram would like to play than study. / Ram
34. Anything can happen. I can‟t say. would like playing rather than studying. /
35. You must live in hills because you are Ram would prefer to play over study. /
suffering from heart disease. Ram would prefer playing over studying.
36. She can never go away from me. 83. I am used to listen to abuses.
37. Ram could have eaten the sweets. 84. You are used to live in such an
38. Students can come home from school. environment.
39. I could never sing songs. 85. You had to meet him yesterday.
40. You can come to meet me. 86. I should have gone for shopping today.
41. Why could you not come in time? 87. First, I would like to ask you a question.
42. You can never love anyone. 88. You should have met my family.
43. Rajesh could never say his feelings. 89. Am I used to be awoken whole night?
44. Grapes could have been sour. 90. May I come in?
45. You should be grateful to me. 91. You should have worked at least today.
46. We can never tolerate you. 92. May I go now?
47. Should I apply something on my face? 93. May God forgive us!
48. Ram could have reached there somehow. 94. Did Ram use to go there?
174
Modals – Test Papers
Test – I
1- rqe esjs ?kj vk ldrs Fks ij rqe ugha vk;sA 18- gesa I;kj pkfg,] dqN vkSj ughaA
2- gesa vkt feyuk FkkA 19- ‚kk;n ckfj‛k gks jgh gksA
3- eq>s mlls ckr djuh gSA 20- mls fdlh dh t+#jr ugha gS] oks [kqn gh dkQh gSA
4- mls fdlh Hkh gkyr esa ogk¡ tkuk pkfg,A 21- rqeus ges‛kk eq>s lEeku fn;k] eSa Hkwy ugha ldrkA
5- jkgqy dks vkuk iM+sxkA 22- pkgs tks gks] gekjk I;kj ges‛kk ftUnk jguk pkfg,A
6- rqe mlds ?kj D;ksa tkrs Fks \ 23- eq>s mls I;kj ugha djuk pkfg, FkkA
7- D;k rqe eq>ls feyuk pkgksxs \ 24- ‚kk;n oks vk;sxhA
8- ‚kk;n oks vkt vk;sA 25- jke ;gk¡ D;ksa vkrk Fkk \
9- D;k mls tkuk gS \ 26- eSa Ldwy ds fnuksa esa [kwc [ksyk djrk FkkA
10- vxj eSaus rqEgsa ns[kk gksrk] D;k rqels ckr ugha djrk\ 27- jkds‛k dks lkspuk pkfg, FkkA
11- eq>s rqEgkjh t+#jr ugha gS] cfYd eq>s rks esjh ek¡ 28- D;k irk cl fudy x;h gksA
pkfg,A 29- eSa rqels feyus dHkh ugha vk ldrkA
12- mlus dgk Fkk fd oks Ldwy ugha vk;sxkA 30- eSa rqels dHkh ugha dg ldkA
13- eSa i<+us ds ctk; [ksyuk ilUn djrk g¡wA 31- jke dks iSu ugha pkfg,] cfYd mls rks fdrkc pkfg,A
14- eSa iDdk tk ¡xk ogk¡A 32- D;k rqe dHkh ogk¡ tk ik;s \ ‚kk;n dHkh ughaA
15- eSa thruk pkgrk Fkk ij dHkh thr ugha ik;kA 33- D;k rqe esjs fy, #d ugha ldrs \
16- oks [ksyuk ugha pkgrkA 34- D;k rqEgsa dqN ugha pkfg,\
17- vxj eSa vk;k] rks rqels feyw¡xkA 35- rqEgkjk D;k [;ky gS] eq>s ogk¡ tkuk pkfg, \
Q 2: Write the meaning of following similar & confusing words: 5 x 1 = 5
i) Cast ii) Weak iii) Fond iv) Story v) People
Caste Week Found Storey Pupil
Q 3: Write three forms of the following verbs: 10 x 1 = 10

Drive, Bite, Ride, Hold, Put, Seek, Drink, See, Read, Teach
Answers
Q1:
1- rqe esjs ?kj vk ldrs Fks ij rqe ugha vk;sA You could have come my home but you didn‟t.
2- gesa vkt feyuk FkkA We had to meet today.
3- eq>s mlls ckr djuh gSA I have to talk to him.
4- mls fdlh Hkh gkyr esa ogk¡ tkuk pkfg,A He must go there at any cost.
5- jkgqy dks vkuk iM+sxkA Rahul will have to come.
6- rqe mlds ?kj D;ksa tkrs Fks \ Why did you use to go his home?
7- D;k rqe eq>ls feyuk pkgksxs \ Would you like to meet me?
8- ‚kk;n oks vkt vk;sA He might come today.
9- D;k mls tkuk gS \ Has he to go?
10- vxj eSaus rqEgsa ns[kk gksrk] D;k rqels ckr ugha djrk\ If I had seen you, wouldn‟t I have talked to you?
11- eq>s rqEgkjh t+#jr ugha gS] cfYd eq>s rks esjh ek¡ pkfg,A I don‟t need you, rather I need my mom.
12- mlus dgk Fkk fd oks Ldwy ugha vk;sxkA He had said that he would not come to school.
13- eSa i<+us ds ctk; [ksyuk ilUn djrk gw¡A I prefer playing rather than studying.
/I prefer to play rather than to study.
14- eSa iDdk tk ¡xk ogk¡A I must go there. / I‟ ll definitely go there.
15- eSa thruk pkgrk Fkk ij dHkh thr ugha ik;kA I wanted to win but I could never.
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16- oks [ksyuk ugha pkgrkA He doesn‟ t want to play.
17- vxj eSa vk;k] rks rqels feyw¡xkA If I come, I will meet you.
18- gesa I;kj pkfg,] dqN vkSj ughaA We need love, nothing else.
19- ‚kk;n ckfj‛k gks jgh gksA It may/might be raining.
20- mls fdlh dh t+#jr ugha gS] oks [kqn gh dkQh gSAHe doesn‟t need anyone, he himself is good enough.
21- rqeus ges‛kk eq>s lEeku fn;k] eSa Hkwy ugha ldrkA You always respected me, I can not forget.
22- pkgs tks gks] gekjk I;kj ges‛kk ftUnk jguk pkfg,ANo matter what, our love must remain alive forever.
23- eq>s mls I;kj ugha djuk pkfg, FkkA I shouldn‟ t have loved her.
24- ‚kk;n oks vk;sxhA She might/may come.
25- jke ;gk¡ D;ksa vkrk Fkk \ Why did Ram use to come here?
26- eSa Ldwy ds fnuksa esa [kwc [ksyk djrk FkkA I used to play a lot in school days.
27- jkds‛k dks lkspuk pkfg, FkkA Rakesh should have thought.
28- D;k irk cl fudy x;h gksA Bus may/might have left/gone.
29- eSa rqels feyus dHkh ugha vk ldrkA I can never come to meet you.
30- eSa rqels dHkh ugha dg ldkA I could never say to you./ I could never tell you.
31- jke dks iSu ugha pkfg,] cfYd mls rks fdrkc pkfg,A Ram doesn‟t need a pen, rather he needs a book.
32- D;k rqe dHkh ogk¡ tk ik;s \ ‚kk;n dHkh ughaA Could you ever go there? Never, I think.
33- D;k rqe esjs fy, #d ugha ldrs \ Can‟ t you wait for me?
34- D;k rqEgsa dqN ugha pkfg,\ Don‟ t you need anything?
35- rqEgkjk D;k [;ky gS] eq>s ogk¡ tkuk pkfg, \ What do you think, should I go there?
Q 2:
i) Cast ¼dkLV½ - List of people in a drama or film
Caste ¼dkLV½ - A class (tkfr)
ii) Weak ¼ohd½ - det+ksj
Week ¼ohd½ - lIrkg
iii) Fond ¼QkWUM½ - ‚kkSdhu
Found ¼QkmUM½ - Second form of “Find”
iv) Story ¼LVksjh½ - dgkuh
Storey ¼LVksjh½ - fdlh fcfYMax dh eaftysa
v) People ¼ihiy½ - yksx
Pupil ¼I;wfiy½ - f‛k";
Q 3:
Drive Drove Driven
Bite Bit Bitten
Ride Rode Ridden
Hold Held Held
Put Put Put
Seek Sought Sought
Drink Drank Drunk
See Saw Seen
Read Read (jSM) Read(jSM)
Teach Taught Taught
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Test – II
1. Could he achieve what he wanted? 26. Could you please spare some time for me?
2. She would not like to dance with you. 27. This girl used to meet Ram quite often.
3. You should have thought about his 28. Will he be able to come here?
condition. 29. It must hail tomorrow.
4. Does he need your help? 30. I would rather meet my dad than meet him.
5. Did he use to come to your home? 31. Could I speak with Mr. Batra?
6. They might have left for school. 32. I would get up at 6 when I was a kid.
7. Seeta must be studying at this point of time. 33. They didn‟t want to meet me.
8. He might be coming. 34. Mom needed help because she was unwell.
9. If I had gone there, I would have given him 35. Shall I go?
the money. 36. I wanted my mom not to work.
10. They are used to such a climate. 37. Mobile couldn‟t divert me from my study.
11. Has he to go? 38. I was used to his abuses.
12. I had told you that I would not go there. 39. He prefers singing over dancing.
13. He is used to his car now. 40. Had he loved me, he would have been here.
14. We ought to respect whoever is older than we. 41. Seeta used to come. She would prepare food
15. I was watching TV, rather than studying. and study here.
16. They should have left by now. 42. He must leave.
17. There should be good weather. 43. If he meets me, I will tell him about you.
18. I would rather buy a pen than a pencil. 44. Had you known the truth, you would have
19. I already knew that he would win. told me.
20. I couldn‟t protest against Government‟s 45. They might have left.
decision. 46. It may rain tomorrow.
21. Can you meet that guy? 47. He prefers me over you.
22. There can be anybody. 48. It might be a rumour.
23. I don‟t love you; rather I love your sister. 49. May I go now?
24. I had to fight till the end. 50. He used to go and I would come.
25. You can‟t compare love with anything.
Answers
1. Could he achieve what he wanted? D;k oks ik ldk tks oks pkgrk Fkk \
2. She would not like to dance with you. oks rqEgkjs lkFk Mk¡l ugha djuk pkgsxh A
3. You should have thought about his condition. rqEgsa mldh gkyr ds ckjs esa lkspuk pkfg, Fkk A
4. Does he need your help? D;k mls rqEgkjh enn dh t+:jr gS \
5. Did he use to come to your home? D;k oks rqEgkjs ?kj vkrk Fkk \
6. They might have left for school. ‚kk;n oks Ldwy ds fy, fudy x;s gksa@gksaxs A
7. Seeta must be studying at this point of time. lhrk bl oDr i<+ jgh gksxh A
8. He might be coming. ‚kk;n oks vk jgk gks @gksxk A
9. If I had gone there, I would have given him the money.vxj eSa ogk¡ x;k gksrk] eSaus mls iSls ns fn;s gksrsA
10. They are used to such a climate. mUgsa bl rjg ds ekSle dh vknr gks xbZ gSA
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11. Has he to go? D;k mls tkuk gS \
12. I had told you that I would not go there. eSaus rqEgsa crk;k Fkk fd eSa ogk¡ ugha tk ¡xk A
13. He is used to his car now. mls viuh dkj dh vc vknr gks xbZ gS A
14. We ought to respect whoever is older than we.gesa viuksa ls cM++ksa dk vknj djuk pkfg,A
15. I was watching TV, rather than studying. eSa i<+us ads ctk; Vh oh ns[k jgk FkkA
16. They should have left by now. oks vc rd fudy x;s gksaxs A
17. There should be good weather. ogk¡ vPNk ekSle gksuk pkfg, A
18. I would rather buy a pen than a pencil. eSa iSfUly ds ctk; iSu [kjhnw¡xk A
19. I already knew that he would win. eSa igys ls gh tkurk Fkk fd oks thrsxk A
20. I couldn‟t protest against Government‟s decision. eSa ljdkj ds QSlys ds fo:) fonzksg ugha dj
ldkA
21. Can you meet that guy? D;k rqe ml yM+ds ls fey ldrs gks \
22. There can be anybody. ogk¡ dksbZ Hkh gks ldrk gSA
23. I don‟ t love you; rather I love your sister. eSa rqEgsa ugha cfYd rqEgkjh cgu dks I;kj djrk gw¡A
24. I had to fight till the end. eq>s vUr rd yMuk Fkk@iM+k A
25. You can‟ t compare love with anything. rqe I;kj dh rqyuk fdlh pht++ ds lkFk ugha dj
ldrsA
26. Could you please spare some time for me? D;k vki esjs fy, FkksM+k le; fudky ldrs gSa \
27. This girl used to meet Ram quite often. ;s yM+dh jke ls vDlj ¼cgqr gh T+;knk½ feyrh
Fkh A
28. Will he be able to come here? D;k oks ;gk¡ vk ik;sxk \
29. It must hail tomorrow. dy iDdk vksys iM+saxs A
30. I would rather meet my dad than meet him. eSa mlls feyus ds ctk; vius ikik ls feyw¡xk A
31. Could I speak with Mr. Batra? D;k eSa fe0 c=k ls ckr dj ldrk gw¡ \
32. I would get up at 6 when I was a kid. eSa 6 cts mBrk Fkk tc eSa ,d cPpk Fkk A
33. They didn‟ t want to meet me. oks eq>ls feyuk ugha pkgrs Fks A
34. Mom needed help because she was unwell. eEeh dks enn pkfg, Fkh D;ksafd oks chekj Fkha A
35. Shall I go? D;k eq>s tkuk pkfg, \
36. I wanted my mom not to work. eSa ugha pkgrk Fkk fd esjh eEeh dke djsaA
37. Mobile couldn‟ t divert me from my study. eksckby eq>s esjh i<+kbZ ls HkVdk ugha ldk A
38. I was used to his abuses. eq>s mldh xkfy;ksa dh vknr iM+ x;h Fkh A
39. He prefers singing over dancing. oks Mk¡l djus ds ctk; xkus dks roTt+ks nsrk gSA
40. Had he loved me, he would have been here. vxj mlus eq>s I;kj fd;k gksrk] rks oks ;gk¡ gksrkA
41. Seeta used to come. She would prepare food and study here.lhrk vkrh FkhA [kkuk cukrh Fkh
vkSj ;gk¡ i<+rh Fkh A
42. He must leave. mls iDdk pys tkuk pkfg, A
43. If he meets me, I will tell him about you. vxj oks eq>ls feyk] rks eSa mls rqEgkjs ckjs esa
crk ¡xk A
44. Had you known the truth, you would have told me. vxj rqEgsa lPpkbZ dk irk gksrk] rks rqe eq>s crk
pqds gksrs A
45. They might have left. ‚kk;n os pys x;s gksa@gksaxs A
46. It may rain tomorrow. ‚kk;n dy ckfj‛k gks@gksxh A
47. He prefers me over you. oks rqEgkjs ctk; eq>s T+;knk ekurk gSA
48. It might be a rumour. ;g ,d vQOkkg Hkh gks ldrh gSA
49. May I go now? D;k eSa vc tk ldrk gw¡\
50. He used to go and I would come. oks tkrk Fkk vkSj eSa vkrk Fkk A
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Lesson – 22
Conjunctions ¼dutaD‛kUl½ & leqPp; cks/kd vOo;
“Conjunctions ,sls ‚kCn gksrs gSa tks nks ‚kCnksa ;k okD;ksa dks tksM+ nsrs gSaA” bl rjg okD; Hkh NksVk gks tkrk
gS vkSj vFkZ Hkh ugha cnyrkA
vxj eSa dgw¡ jke vPNk gS vkSj fQj dg¡w eksgu Hkh vPNk gSA tc nksuksa vPNs gSa rks D;ksa u ;s dgw¡ fd jke vkSj
eksgu vPNs gSaA ,slk dgus ij okD; NksVk gks tkrk gS vkSj vFkZ Hkh ugha cnyrkA “vkSj” ,d conjunction gSA
“Conjunction is the word or set of words that connects two words or sentences or
used to coordinate words in the same clause. It shortens the sentences without a
change in meaning or sense.
If I say “Ram is good” and then I say “Mohan is also good”. I made two sentences. Let
me make it one by just saying “Ram and Mohan are good”. Using „and‟, I shortened the
sentence. Hence, „and‟ is a conjunction.
Watch the Video Lecture as well…..
And (vkSj)/Or (;k)
jke vkSj ';ke vPNs nksLr gSaA

Ram and Shyam are good friends.
vki ;s ;k oks fdrkc ys ldrs gSaA

You may take this book or that book.
But (ysfdu] cfYd] flok;)
ysfdu / ij / ijUrq –
jke vkSj ';ke vPNs nksLr gSa ysfdu@ij os ,d nwljs ls yM+rs gSaA
Ram and Shyam are good friends but they fight with each other.
og cgqr le>nkj gS ysfdu oks xjhc gSA

He is very intelligent but he is poor.
flok; / vykok –
eSa rqEgkjs ?kj ds flok; dgha Hkh tk ldrk gw¡A @ eSa dgha Hkh tk ldrk gw¡ ij rqEgkjs ?kj ughaA
I can go anywhere but your home.
eSa dqN Hkh dj ldrk gw¡ flok; rqEgsa ihVus dsA

I can do anything but beat you.
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oks fpdu ds vykok (flok;) dqN Hkh [kk ldrk gSA
He can eat anything but Chicken.
uksV - flok; / vykok okys okD;ksa (sentences) esa but ds vykok except Hkh yxk ldrs gSa tSls fd ekuk
sentence gS –
eSa rqEgkjs ?kj ds flok; dgha Hkh tk ldrk gw¡A

I can go anywhere but your home. ¼,d rjhdk½
I can go anywhere except your home.¼nwljk rjhdk½
cfYd –
;s iSu ugha cfYd iSfUly gSA

This is not a pen, but a pencil.
jke csodwQ+ ugha cfYd ,d le>nkj yM+dk gSA

Ram is not a fool, but a wise guy.
mls Mk¡Vk ugha x;k cfYd ihVk x;kA

He was not scolded but beaten.
eq>s iSu ugha cfYd iSfUly nh x;h FkhA

I had not been given a pen but a pencil.
For / As / Because / Since (D;ksafd] pw¡fd)

tc Hkh okD; esa ÞD;ksafdÞ ;k Þpw¡fdÞ dk iz;ksx gksrk gS rks bu pkjksa esa ls fdlh Hkh ,d dk iz;ksx fd;k tk ldrk gS ij
,d egRoiw kZ ckr ;s gS fd ÞD;ksafdÞ ;k Þpw¡fdÞ ds fy, “because” dk iz;ksx dsoy okD; ds chp esa gksrk gS vkSj
“since” dk iz;ksx dsoy okD; ds ‚kq#vkr esa gksrk gSA
We can use any of these four but an important point is that “because” is to be used
only in the middle of the sentence and “since” is only at the beginning.
1- D;ksafd@pw¡fd eSa chekj Fkk] blfy, eSa ugha vk;kA

Since/As/For I was unwell, hence I didn‟ t come.
2- eSa ugha vk;k D;ksafd@pw¡fd eSa chekj Fkk]

I didn‟ t come because/as I was unwell.
or
I didn‟ t come, for I was unwell.
tc Hkh ge D;ksafd ;k pw¡fd ds fy, „for‟ dk iz;ksx okD; ds chp esa djsa rks gesa „for‟ ls igys dkSek yxkuk t+#jh gSA
Note: If we use „for‟ in the middle, we need to place a comma just before it.
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Also/Even/Either/Too/As well (Hkh)
lHkh ik¡pksa dk ,d gh vFkZ gS & „Hkh‟ A
Also, Too vkSj As well dk iz;ksx izk;% ikWftfVo okD;ksa esa gksrk gSA
Generally, „Also‟ , „Too‟ , „As well‟ are used in positive sentences.
Either dk iz;ksx mu uSxsfVo okD;ksa esa fd;k tk ldrk gS ftuesa Hkh dk Hkko izLrqr gkssA tSls & eSa Hkh vPNk ugha g¡w]
rqe Hkh cxZj ugha [kkrs vkfnA
Even dk iz;ksx izk;% ikWftfVo vkSj uSxsfVo nksuksa okD;ksa esa gksrk gSA
„Even‟ is generally used in both; positive as well as negative sentences.
uksV : ikWftfVo okD; dk eryc gksrk gS & gj oks okD; ftlesa not dk iz;ksx u gqvk gS] Hkys gh fQj oks iz‛uokpd okD;
gh D;ksa u gksA
Note: Positive sentence simply means the sentence, in which „not‟ is not used, even if it‟ s
an interrogative sentence.
nwljh ckr ;s fd
„Also‟ dk iz;ksx lgk;d fØ;k ds ckn vkSj fØ;k ls igys gksrk gSA
„Also‟ is used after the helping verb and before the verb.
Too, As well vkSj Either dk iz;ksx okD; ds vUr esa gksrk gSA
Too, As well & Either are used at the end of the sentence.
„Even‟ dk iz;ksx okD; ds ‚kq#vkr esa gksrk gSA

„Even‟ is used at the beginning of the sentence.
,d ckr vkSj - „Even‟ dk iz;ksx Interrogative sentences esa ugha gksrkA
mnkgj k (Examples) –
)1 eSa Hkh vPNk gw¡A (Positive Sentence)

I am good too. / I am also good. / I am good as well. / Even I am good.
)2 eSa Hkh vPNk ugha gw¡A (Negative Sentence)

Even I am not good. / I am not good either.
)3 D;k rqe Hkh ogk¡ ugha Fks \(Negative Interrogative Sentence)

Were you not there either?
(bl sentence esa not gS blfy, eSa ;k rks even dk iz;ksx dj ldrk gw¡ ;k fQ+j either dk] ij gesa irk gS fd
„Even‟ dk iz;ksx Interrogative sentences esa ugha gksrk blfy, either dk iz;ksx fd;k x;k gSA
)4 eSa Hkh Q+y ilUn ugha djrkA (Negative Sentence)

I don‟ t like fruits either. / Even I don‟ t like fruits.
)5 os Hkh esjs lkFk ugha gaSA (Negative Sentence)

They are not with me either. / Even they are not with me.
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So/Hence/Henceforth/That‟ s why/Therefore/That‟s the reason (blfy,)
eSa x;k blfy, rqe vk;sA
I went so you came. or
I went hence you came. or
I went henceforth you came. or
I went that‟ s why you came. or
I went that‟ s the reason you came.
As + {an adjective} +As

mruk $ ¿ dksbZ fo‛ks"k k À $ ftruk
1. As tall as Amit - mruk yEck ftruk vfer ;k vfer ds ftruk yEck

2. As short as Rakesh - mruk NksVk ftruk jkds‛k ;k jkds‛k ds ftruk NksVk
3. As big as your house - mruk cM+k ftruk rqEgkjk ?kj ;k rqEgkjs ?kj ds ftruk cM+k
4. As black as coal - mruk dkyk ftruk dks;yk ;k dks;ys ds ftruk dkyk
5. As red as blood - mruk yky ftruk [kwu ;k [kwu ds ftruk yky
6. As beautiful as you - mruh lqUnj ftruh rqe ;k rqEgkjs ftruh lqUnj
7. As strong as my dad - mrus etcwr ftrus esjs ikik ;k esjs ikik ds ftruk etcwr
1- rqe esjs ftrus pkykd ugha gksA

You are not as clever as I.
2- jke mlds ftruk ikxy ugha gSA

Ram is not as mad as he is.
3- D;k rqe esjs ftruk vPNk xk ldrs gks \

Can you sing as good as I can?
4- D;k rqe esjh mez ds gks \

Are you my age? or Are you as old as I am?
As (tSlk] ds rkSj ij] ds ukrs)

1- tSlk vki dgsaA
As you say.
2- tSlh vkidh et+hZA

As you wish.
3- tSlk vkius dgk] eSaus fd;kA

I did as you said.
4- eSa ;gk¡ eSustj ds rkSj ij dke dj jgk gw¡A

I am working here as a manager.
5- ,d Vhpj gksus ds ukrs] esjk Qt+Z gS fd eSa vius cPpksa dks lQyrk dh jkg fn[kk ¡A
As a teacher, it‟ s my duty that I guide my students to success. or
Being a teacher, it‟ s a responsibility/ an obligation that I guide my students to
success.
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As well as (lkFk gh lkFk)
jke i<+k fy[kk gS lkFk gh lkFk mlds ekrk firk Hkh i<+s fy[ks gSaA
Ram is educated as well as his parents are educated.
An Important Rule:
vxj “as well as” nks subjects ds chp esa vk;k rks helping verb igys okys subject ds vuqlkj gh yxsxhA If
“as well as” is joining two subjects in a sentence, then the helping verb is to be used
as per the first subject.
Example:
1] oks lkFk gh lkFk mlds nksLr Hkh vPNs gSaA

;gk¡ ij nks subject gSa & 1. He (oks) 2. His friends (mlds nksLr).
vkidks yxsxk fd helping verb “is” ugha cfYd “are” yxuh pkfg,A ij Rule ds vuqlkj helping verb igys
okys subject ds vuqlkj gh yxsxhA igyk subject gS “He” blfy, “is” yxsxkA
He, as well as his friends, is good.
2] eSa lkFk gh lkFk esjs nksLr Hkh ;gk¡ gSaA I, as well as my friends, am here.
3- oks lkFk gh lkFk mlds rhu HkkbZ Hkh tk jgs gSaA He, as well as his 3 brothers, is going.
As soon as / the moment (tSls gh)

1- tSls gh oks vk;k] eSa pyk x;kA
As soon as he came, I left.
or
The moment he came, I left.
2- esjs ?kj vk tkuk tSls gh ikik vk tk;saA

Come to my home the moment dad comes.
or
Come to my home as soon as dad comes.
3- ftruh tYnh gks lds pys tkvksA

Leave/go as soon as possible.
As far as (tgk¡ rd)

1- tgk¡ rd eSa tkurk gw¡ mlds nks cPps gSaA
As far as I know, he has two children.
2- tgk¡ rd eq>s irk gS mldh ‚kknh gks pqdh gSA

As far as I know, he is married.
3- tgk¡ rd esjh i<+kbZ dk loky gS] eSaus flQZ 12 oha ikl dh gSA
As far as my study is concerned, I am only 12th pass.
183
4- tgk¡ rd esjs HkkbZ dk loky gS] mlus xzStq,‛ku dj yh gSA
As far as my brother is concerned, he has done graduation.
5- tgk¡ rd esjs ifjokj dk loky gS] esjh nks cgusa gSaA

As far as my family is concerned, I have two sisters.
6- tgk¡ rd esjs ikik eEeh dk loky gS] eSaa mudk [;ky j[kus ds fy, dkQh gw¡A
As far as my parents are concerned, I am good enough to take care of them.
Although / Though / Even if / Even though (;|fi] gkyk¡fd] Hkys gh)

&
Then also / even then / yet / still / however (fQj Hkh] rc Hkh] blds ckotwn Hkh])
Rule: vxj vkius Although dk iz;ksx fd;k rks vkidks Yet dk iz;ksx djuk gh gksxkA
1- Hkys gh oks dHkh Ldwy ugha x;k] fQj Hkh mls lc vkrk gSA
Even if he never went to school, then also he knows everything.
or
Though he never went to school, still he knows everything.
or
Although he never went to school, yet he knows everything.
(Although ds lkFk Yet dk iz;ksx djuk gh gksxkA½
2- gkyk¡fd eSa xjhc gw¡] ij blds ckotwn eSa rqEgsa iSls ls enn djus dh dksf‛k‛k d#¡xkA
Although I am poor, yet I will try to help you with money.
3- gk¡ykfd ;s eSaus ugha fd;k gS] ij fQj Hkh vkidk tks Hkh QSlyk gks] eSa mls ekuw¡xkA
Though I haven‟ t done it, still whatever you decide, I will accept.
4- gk¡ykfd eSa chekj Fkk] rc Hkh eSaus dke fd;kA

Even if I was unwell, then also I worked.
Such (bl rjg dk] ,slk )/

Such as (tSls fd] mnkgj kr% ) /
in such a way (bl rjg ls] ,sls )
1- ,sls yksx LokFkhZ gksrs gSaA

Such people are selfish.
2- ,sls cPps eq>s ilUn ughaA

I don‟ t like such children.
3- ,slh dbZ dgkfu;k¡ eSa lqu pqdk gw¡A

I have heard many such stories.
4- esjs ikl dbZ phtsa gSa tSls fd dEI;wVj] ySiVkWi] eksckby bR;kfnA
I have many things such as a computer, a laptop, a mobile etc.
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5- mlds lkFk dbZ yksx gSa tSls fd jke] jkgqy] eksgu vkfnA
There are many people with him such as Ram, Rahul, Mohan etc.
6- mlus bl rjg ls eq>s ns[kk fd eq>s yxk oks eq>s pkgrh gSA
She looked at me in such a way that I felt she liked me.
7- rqe ,sls ckr djrs gks fd eSa rqEgkjh ckr Vky gh ugha ldrkA
You talk in such a way that I can‟ t deny you.
As If / As though (ekuks; tSls fd )
1- rqe ,sls ckr djrs gks ekuks rqEgsa lc irk gks A

You talk in such a way as if you know everything.
2- rqe rks ,sls ckr dj jgs gks tSls eSa rqEgkjk nq‛eu gw¡A
You are talking in such a way as if I am your enemy.
3- jke eq>s Mk¡Vus yxk tSls fd oks esjk ckWl gksA

Ram started scolding me as though he was my boss.
4- oks eq>ls bl rjg ckr dj jgk Fkk tSls fd eSa mldk ukSdj gw¡A
He was speaking with me in such a way as if I was his servant.
uksV & rhljs vkSj pkSFks okD; esa was dk iz;ksx blfy, gqvk gS D;ksafd okD; chrs gq, le; dh ?kVuk dks crk jgk gSA
Note – I have used „was‟ in 3rd & 4th sentences just because the sentence
demonstrates a past incidence.
Either – or (;k rks ;s & ;k rks oks )
1- ;k rks rqe tkvks ;k eq>s tkus nksA Either you go or let me go.
2- ;k rks jke tk;sxk ;k fQj eSa tk ¡xkA Either Ram will go or I will. / Either Ram or I will go.
3- eSa ;k rks fnYyh tk ¡xk ;k eqEcbZA I‟ll either go Delhi or Mumbai. / I‟ll go either Delhi or
Mumbai.
4- ;k rks rqe xyr gks ;k oksA Either you or he is wrong. / Either you are wrong or he is.
Neither – nor ( u ;s & u oks )
1- u rqe tkvks u eq>s tkus nksA Neither you go nor let me go.
2- eSa u fnYyh tk ¡xk u eqEcbZA I‟ll neither go to Delhi nor Mumbai.
3- u rqe xyr gks u oksA Neither you nor he is wrong. / Neither you are wrong nor he is.
4- u eSaus iwNk vkSj u mlus crk;kA Neither I asked nor she told.
A special case: Not – nor/neither ( ugha & oks Hkh ugha )

1- rqe ugha vkrsA oks Hkh ugha vkrkA You don‟ t come. Nor/neither does he.
2- eSaus ugha iwNkA u mlus iwNkA I didn‟ t ask. Nor did she.
3- oks ugha tk ik;kA u eSa tk ik;kA He couldn‟ t go. Neither could I.
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A special case: So (oks Hkh)
1- rqe vkrs gksA oks Hkh vkrk gSA You come. So does he.
2- eSaus iwNkA mlus HkhA I asked. So did she/he.
3- oks ;s dj ik;kA eSa HkhA He could do it. So could I.
4- eSa rqEgsa cgqr I;kj djrk g¡wA ikik Hkh djrs gSaA I love you so much. So does Dad.
Not only – but also (u dsoy ;s cfYd oks Hkh / ;gh ugha oks Hkh)
1- ^ôks u dsoy eSustj gS cfYd fo/kkFkhZ Hkh gSA^^ ;k ''oks eSustj gh ugha] fo/kkFkhZ Hkh gSA^^
He is not only a manager, but also a student.
2- ^ôks u dsoy vaxzst+h cfYd iatkch cksyuk Hkh tkurk gSA^^ ;k ^ôks vaxzst+h gh ugha] iatkch cksyuk Hkh tkurk gSA^^
He can speak not only English, but also Punjabi.
If (;fn] vxj )
If ds iz;ksx dks lef>, vkSj vxyh practice exercise ds tfj, vius vki dks fu[kkfj,A
Understand the usage of „if‟ and through the next practice exercise, polish your
learning.
rhu rjg ds okD;%

1- vxj ;s gksrk rks oks gksrkA (If + Past Indefinite Tense/Simple past, would)
 vxj eSa tkrk rks mlls feyrkA If I went, I would meet him.
 vxj jke us ns[kk gksrk] rks oks eq>s Hkh crkrkA If Ram saw, he would also tell me.
 vxj ikik ?kj ij gksrs] rks oks eq÷ks tkus ugha nsrsA If Dad was at home, he would not let
me go.
 vxj eSa rqEgkjk nksLr gksrk] rks rqEgsa t+#j jksdrkA If I was your friend, I would stop you
for sure.
2- vxj ;s gqvk gksrk rks oks gks pqdk gksrkA (If + Past Perfect Tense/Simple past, would
have)
 vxj eSa x;k gksrk] rks mlls fey fy;k gksrkA If I had gone, I would have met him.
 vxj mlus [kk;k gksrk] rks oks eq>s crk pqdk gksrkA If he had eaten/taken/had, he would
have told me.
 vxj ikik ?kj ij gksrs] rks mUgksaus eq>s tkus ugha fn;k gksrkA If Dad was at home, he would not
have let me go.
 vxj eSa rqEgkjh txg gksrk] rks eSaus ;s dj fy;k gksrkA If I was you, I would have done it.
3- vxj ;s gks@gksxk] rks oks gksxkA (If + Present Indefinite Tense/Simple present, will)
 vxj eSa x;k] rks mlls feyw¡xkA If I go, I will meet him.
 vxj jke ugha vk;sxk] rks eSa ugha vk ¡xkA If Ram doesn‟ t come, I‟ ll not come.
 vxj ikik ?kj ij gq,] rks eSa rqEgsa Qksu ugha d#¡xkA If Dad is at home, I‟ ll not call you.
 vxj eSa rqEgkjh txg ij gqvk] rks igys ;s dke d#¡xkAIf I am you, I‟ ll at first do this work.
,d ckr vkSj & ÞrksÞ ds fy, vki pkgsa rks „then‟ dk iz;ksx Hkh dj ldrs gSaA
If I go, then I will meet him.
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Lest – should (dgha ,slk u gks fd] ;s u gks fd )
Rule: „Lest‟ ds ckn vkus okys okD; esa „should‟ dk gh iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA
(The sentence following „lest‟ must use „should‟ as a helping verb.)
1- eSa esgur d#¡xk dgha ,slk u gks fd eSa Qsy gks tk ¡A

I‟ ll work hard lest I should fail.
2- lgh irk fy[kks dgha ,slk u gks fd dwfj;j dgha vkSj pyk tk,A
Write the correct address lest courier should go somewhere else.
3- ogk¡ er tkvks ;s u gks fd oks rqEgsa Mk¡VsaA

Don‟ t go there lest he should scold you.
Otherwise/ or else (ugha rks] ojuk )

1- eSa esgur d#¡xk ojuk eSa Qsy gks tk ¡xkA
I‟ ll work hard otherwise/or else I will fail.
2- lgh irk fy[kks ugha rks dwfj;j dgha vkSj tk ldrk gSA
Write the correct address otherwise courier can go somewhere else.
3- ogk¡ er tkvks ugha rks oks rqEgsa Mk¡VsxkA

Don‟ t go there or else he will scold you.
So that (rkfd )
1- eSa esgur d#¡xk rkfd eSa ikl gks tk ¡A
I‟ ll work hard so that I pass.
2- lgh irk fy[kks rkfd dwfj;j dgha vkSj u pyk tk,A

Write the correct address so that courier doesn‟ t go anywhere else.
3- esjs lkFk gh jgks rkfd eSa cksj u gks ¡A

Be with me so that I don‟ t feel bored.
4- ;s djks rkfd rqe ;s dg ldks fd rqeus Hkh dqN fd;k gSA

Do it so that you could also say that you had also done something.
Provided / Providing ( c‛krsZ] ‚krZ ;s gS fd] ij rc tc )
Rule: Provided ds ckn okyk okD; ges‛kk „Present Indefinite Tense‟ esa gh curk gSA
„Provided‟ is always followed by „Present Indefinite Tense sentence‟.
1- eSa rqels feyw¡xk ij rc tc rqe eq>s oknk djks fd rqe eq>s jke ds ckjs esa ugha iwNksxsA
I‟ ll meet you provided you promise me that you will not ask about Ram.
2- oks vk;sxk ij rc tc jke u vk;sA

He will come providing Ram doesn‟ t come.
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“WH Family” used as a conjunction
1. What, That – tks ¼ltho o futhZo nksuksa ds fy, (for Living & Nonliving both))
2. Where – tgk¡
3. Whom – ftls
4. Who – tks ¼ltho dk½ (living being)
5. Which – tks ¼futhZo dk½ (non living)
6. When – tc
7. How / The way – tSls] ftl rjg ls
8. Whose – ftldk ¼ltho dk½ (living being)
9. Of Which – ftldk ¼futhZo dk½ (non living)
10. With whom – ftlds lkFk
11. For whom – ftlds fy,
12. From where – tgk¡ ls
Example:
1- D;k rqeus lquk tks eSaus dgkA Did you hear what/that/which I said.
2- eSa Hkh vk;k tgk¡ ls rqe vk;sA Even, I came from where you came.
3- ftlds fy, eSaus lc dqN fd;k] oks ;gk¡ ugha gSA For whom I did everything, is not here.
4- D;k rqe crk ldrs gks ftl rjg ls rqe ogk¡ igq¡ps\Can you tell me how you reached there?
5- jke] tks esjs lkFk Fkk] esjk nksLr gSA Ram, who was with me, is my friend.
6- iSu tks esjs ikl Fkk rqEgkjk ugha gSA Pen which/that I had is not yours.
7- jke oks gS] ftlds ikik iqfyl esa gSaA Ram is the one whose father is in police.
8- EkSa oks gw¡] ftldk HkkbZ rqEgkjs lkFk FkkA I am the one whose brother was with you.
9- ;s oks ?kj gS ftldh Nr detksj gSA This is the house, the roof of which is weak.
10- ;s oks dqlhZ gS ftlds pkjksa iSj VwVs gq, gSaA This is the chair, the all 4 legs of which are
broken.
ik¡pos o NBs okD;ksa ij t+jk /;ku nhft,A ik¡pos okD; esa jke ds ckn dkSek yxk;k x;k gS tcfd NBs okD; esa iSu ds ckn
dkSek ugha yxk;k x;kA rF; ;g gS fd bl rjg ds okD;ksa esa tc ÞtksÞ] ÞftlsÞ vkfn dk iz;ksx gksrk gS] ogk¡ O;fDrokpd
laKk tSls jke ds ckn dkSek dk iz;ksx gksuk vfuok;Z gS ysfdu tkfrokpd laKk tSls iSu ds lkFk dkSek dk iz;ksx ugha gksrkA
Look at the 5th & 6th sentence. In 5th sentence, Ram is a proper noun hence it followed a
comma. But in 6th sentence, Pen is a common noun hence it didn‟ t follow comma. The fact is;
Proper noun is followed by comma in such kind of sentences whereas common noun is never
followed by comma.
1. You are never too old to dream a new dream.

vki dHkh brus cw<+s ugha gksrs fd dksbZ u;k liuk u ns[k ldsaA
2. A successful person is the one who can lay a firm foundation with the stones thrown
on him by others.
,d lQy O;fDr oks gS tks nwljksa ds }kjk Qsads x;s iRFkjksa ls ,d etcwr uhao cuk ldsA
3. A machine can replace an ordinary man but no machine can replace an extraordinary
man.
,d e‛khu ,d lk/kkj k O;fDr dh txg ys ldrh gS ij dksbZ Hkh e‛khu ,d vlk/kkj k O;fDr dh txg ugha ys ldrhA
188
That‟ s what /where/why/how/when/who/which
That‟ s what- ;gh rks] ogh rks] ;gh ckr rks] ogh ckr rks
¼fdlh eqn~ns dh ckr gks jgh gSA½ (talking about an issue)
That‟ s where- ;gha rks] ogha rks] blh txg rks] mlh txg rks
¼fdlh txg dh ckr gks jgh gSA½ (talking about a place)
That‟ s why- blhfy,] rHkh rks
¼fdlh dkj k dh ckr gks jgh gSA½ (talking about a reason)
That‟ s when- mlh le; rks] rHkh rks
¼fdlh le; dh ckr gks jgh gSA½ (talking about a time)
That‟ s who/whom-mlh dks
¼fdlh ltho (living being) dh ckr gks jgh gSA½
That‟ s which- mlh dks
¼fdlh futhZo (non living) dh ckr gks jgh gSA½
That‟ s how- blh rjg rks] blh rjg ls
¼djus ds rjhds dh ckr gks jgh gSA½ (talking about a way of doing something.)
Example:
1- ;gh ckr rks eSa dg jgk FkkA That‟ s what I was saying.
2- ;gh rks rqe mls le>k jgs FksA That‟ s what you were making him understand.
3- eSa ogha rks tk jgk gw¡A That‟ s where I am going.
4- jke mlh txg rks [kM+k FkkA That‟ s where Ram was standing.
5- ge ;gha rks feys Fks ml fnuA That‟ s where we had met that day.
6- eSaus ,sls gh rks lh[kkA That‟ s how I learned.
7- mlus blh rjg ckr dhA That‟ s how he spoke.
8- eSa mlh oDr igq¡p x;kA That‟ s when I reached.
9- tc ikik vk;s] mlh oDr eEeh Hkh vk x;haA When dad came, that‟s when even mom turned up.
10- eSaus mlh dks rks Mk¡Vk FkkA That‟ s who/whom I had scolded.
11- eSaus blh ij rks fdrkc j[kh FkhA That‟ s which I had kept the book on.
12- eSaus mlh yM+ds dks rks Mk¡Vk FkkA That‟ s the boy I had scolded.
13- eSaus blh Vscy ij rks fdrkc j[kh FkhA That‟ s the table on which I had kept the book.
Still / Even now

(vHkh Hkh] vkt Hkh)
Rule:
“still” dk iz;ksx helping verb ds ckn vkSj verb ls igys gksrk gS] tcfd “even now” dk iz;ksx ges‛kk okD; ds
vUr esaA
“still” is used after the helping verb and just before the verb, whereas “even now” is used at the end.
1- eSa vHkh Hkh i<+ jgk gw¡A I am still studying. / I am studying even now.
2- D;k jke vHkh Hkh [ksyrk gS \ Does Ram still play? / Does Ram play even now?
3- oks vkt Hkh eq>ls feyrk gSA He still meets me. / He meets me even now.
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While + Verb 1st form + ing
(tc nks dke ,d lkFk fd, tk jgs gksa )
Rule: “while” ds ckn vkus okyh fØ;k ds lkFk “ing” dk iz;ksx gksuk vfuok;Z gSA
The verb follows „while‟ is always used in „ing‟ form.
1- eSa pyrs gq, i<+ jgk gw¡A I am studying while walking./While walking, I am studying.
2- D;k jke i<+rs gq, [kkuk [kkrk gS \ Does Ram eat the food while studying ?
3- oks eq>ls ckr djrs gq, rqEgsa ns[k jgk FkkA He was watching you while talking to me.
No sooner had – than

(gh Fkk)
1- eSa igq¡pk gh Fkk fd oks vk x;sA No sooner had I reached than they came.
2- jke dks eSaus Qksu fd;k gh Fkk fd mldk eSlst vk x;kANo sooner had I called Ram than he messaged me.
3- ge LVs‛ku igq¡ps gh Fks fd Vªsu py nhA No sooner had we reached the station than the train left.
4- ge lks;s gh Fks fd ckfj‛k vk xbZA No sooner had we slept than it started raining.
As yet / yet / till now / by now / so far

(vHkh rd] vkt rd)
Rule: „yet‟ vkSj „as yet‟ dk iz;ksx eq[;r% dsoy Present Perfect Tense esa gksrk gSA
1- eSaus vHkh rd mls ugha ns[kk gSA (Present Perfect Tense)

I have not seen her yet/ as yet/ till now/ by now/ so far.
2- vHkh rd dk Ldksj D;k gqvk gS \ (Simple Sentence)

What is the score till now / by now / so far?
Till / Till the time / By the time/As long as (tc rd)
Rule: bu pkjksa esa ls dksbZ Hkh iz;ksx dj ldrs gSaA ij egRoiw kZ ckr ;s gS fd buds ckn dk okD; ;k rks Present
Indefinite esa curk gS ;k fQj Past Indefinite esaA uhps fn;s x;s nwljs vkSj rhljs okD; esa Þtc rdÞ ds ckn
dk okD; Þxk xs xhÞ okyk gS ij fQj Hkh vaxzst+h esa cnyk x;k rks Present Indefinite dk gh iz;ksx fd;k x;kA
1] tc rd eSa ugha vkrk] rqe er tkukA Till/till the time/ by the time I don‟t come, you don‟t go.
2] tc rd jke ugha vk;sxk] ge ugha tk;saxsA Till Ram doesn‟ t come, we will not go.
3] ge ugha [kk;saxs tc rd jke ugha vk;sxkA We will not eat till Ram doesn‟ t come.
4] tc rd oks vk;k] eSa tk pqdk FkkA By the time he came, I had left/gone.
5] tc rd rqe esjs lkFk gks] eq>s ijokg ughaA As long as you are with me, I don‟ t care.
190
Unless / Until (tc rd ugha)
Rule: bu nksuksa esa ls dksbZ Hkh iz;ksx dj ldrs gSaA ij egRoiw kZ ckr ;s gS fd buds ckn dk okD; ;k rks Present
Indefinite esa curk gS ;k fQj Past Indefinite esaA uhps fn;s x;s nwljs vkSj rhljs okD; esa Þtc rdÞ ds ckn
dk okD; Þxk xs xhÞ okyk gS ij fQj Hkh vaxzst+h esa cnyk x;k rks Present Indefinite dk iz;ksx fd;k x;kA
1- tc rd eSa ugha vkrk] rqe er tkukA Until/Unless I come, you don‟ t go.
2- tc rd jke ugha vk;sxk] ge ugha tk;saxsA Until/Unless Ram comes, we will not go.
3- ge ugha [kk;saxs tc rd jke ugha vk;sxkA We will not eat until/unless Ram comes.
4- tc rd oks ugha vk;k] eq>s vPNk ugha yxkA Until / Unless he came, I didn‟ t feel good.
5- tc rd cPpksa us ugha iwNk] eSaus mUgsa ugha crk;kA Until/Unless children asked, I didn‟ t tell them.
6- tc rd vfer vuqefr ugha nsxk] eSa pqi jg¡wxkA Until/Unless Amit allows, I‟ ll keep quiet.
Whether – or (pkgs ---- ;k ½ ¼ fd --- ;k )
Rule No 1: (pkgs ---;k ½
vxj okD; esa ÞpkgsÞ ds lkFk Þ;kÞ vk;s rks ÞwhetherÞ ds lkFk ÞorÞ dk iz;ksx djuk t+#jh gSA ysfdu ÞwhetherÞ ds
lkFk okyk okD; tks dkSek ls igys gS] Present Indefinite esa gh cusxkA
1- pkgs oks vk;s ;k u vk;s] eSa rks tk ¡xkA Whether he comes or not, I will go.
2- pkgs jke [ksys ;k u [ksys] rqEgsa [ksyuk pkfg,A Whether Ram plays or not, you should play.
Rule No 2: ¼ fd -- ;k )
vxj okD; esa ÞfdÞ ds lkFk Þ;kÞ vk;s rks ÞwhetherÞ ds lkFk ÞorÞ dk iz;ksx djuk t+#jh gSA ysfdu ÞwhetherÞ ds
lkFk okyk okD; tks dkSek ls igys gS] Tense ds vuqlkj gh cusxkA
1- eSa dg ugha ldrk fd oks [ksysxk ;k ughaA I can‟ t say, whether he will play or not.
2- oks ugha tkurk Fkk fd yksx vk;saxs Hkh ;k ughaA He didn‟t know, whether people will come or not.
3- gesa ugha irk fd oks ogk¡ tkrk gS ;k dgha vkSjA We don‟t know, whether he goes there or
somewhere else.
Whereas / While (tcfd)
1- esjs ikl 10 # gSa tcfd rqEgkjs ikl 50A

I have Rs 10 whereas/while you have 50.
2- tc jke dh ‚kknh gqbZ] oks 25 lky dk Fkk tcfd nqYgu dsoy 18 dhA
When Ram got married, he was 25 whereas/while the bride was only 18.
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Conjunctions – Practice Exercise
1- mlus Hkh ugha pkgkA 36- oks rqEgsa Mk¡Vus ds flok; dqN Hkh dj ldrk gSA
2- gkyk¡fd eq÷ks [ksyus ugha fn;k tk jgk] fQj Hkh eSa 37- ;s esjk I;kj ugha] ml yM+dh dh rjQ+ esjk vkdZ’k k
‚kkUr gw¡A gSA
3- eSa mls fÒtok ldrk gw¡ ij rc tc rqe Äj vk 38- Okks eq÷kls ckr djus yxk ekuks eq÷ks igys ls tkurk
tkvksA gksA
4- eSaus u dHkh fd;k u djus dh lksp ldrk g¡wA 39- Pkkgs Vªsu 2 ?kaVs ckn vk;s] gesa rS;kj jguk pkfg,A
5- pkgs oks cSBs ;k u cSBs eSa rks Tk+#j cSBw¡xkA 40- D;k muesa ls dksbZ bruk gSaMle Fkk ftruk oks gSA
6- gesa i<+us rd ugha fn;k x;k FkkA 41- D;k mlds ikl esjs ftruh xkfM+;k¡ Fkh \
7- esjh ckr fdlh us ugha lquhA 42- mls Hkh Q+y ilUn ugha FksA
8- ftls rqe ;kn dj jgs gks] mls rqe dHkh ;kn ugha 43- pw¡fd eSaus mls Qksu ugha fd;k] blfy, mlus vxys
vkrsA iwjs fnu eq÷kls ckr ugha dhA
9- tks rqeus Vscy ij j[kk] D;k gS oks \ 44- jkt ugha tkurk fd oks fnYyh tk;sxk ;k ughaA
10- pkgs oks u vk;s] eSa rks lqcg&2 gh fnYyh ds fy, 45- mls irk ugha Fkk fd oks tk;sxkA
fudy tk ¡xkA 46- blh rjg eSa cM+k gqvk A
11- Okks Hkh gesa ns[krk jgkA 47- esjh eEeh ,slh ugha gS fd rqEgkjs cgkuksa dks eku tk,A
12- D;k oks tkurk Fkk fd eSa dkSu gw¡ \ 48- eSua s ;s fdrkc [kksyh gh Fkh fd eq>s viuk cpiu ;kn
13- eSa rqEgsa ;gh rks le÷kk jgk gw¡A vk x;k D;ksafd tc eSa cPpk Fkk eq>s ;s fdrkc ilan
14- fj‛rk oks pht+ gS ftlds fcuk ge vËkwjs gSaA Fkh A
15- ge ogha ij rks [kM+s gksdj i<+ jgs FksA 49- eSa vHkh Hkh rqEgsa viuh ft+anxh ls T+;knk I;kj djrk
16- mlus eq÷ks fl[kk;k Fkk fd yM+rs dSls gSaA gw¡A
17- ;k rks viuh gkj ij jksuk gksxk gesa ;k fQj yM+rs gq, 50- muesa ls fdlh ds ikl Hkh esjs ftruh isfUlysa ugha FkhA
tku nsuh gksxhA 51- D;k rqEgkjk lq>ko esjs ftruk vPNk gS \
18- oks vaxzst+h gh ugha iatkch Hkh cksyuk tkurk gSA 52- eSusa ogha rks ml vtuch dks ns[kk Fkk A
19- lcdks bTt+r nks ,slk u gks rqEgsa Hkh dksbZ bTt+ +r u 53- mlus eq>s Qksu ugha fd;k D;ksafd oks eq>ls ukjkt+ gSA
nsA 54- oks esjs ftruk yEck ugha Fkk A
20- vc pyrs gSa ojuk gesa nsj gks ldrh gSA 55- rqEgkjh vk¡[ksa eq÷ks bl rjg ?kwjrh gSa fd ,d iy ds
21- oks i<+us ds fy, ugha vk;k rkfd mls Mk¡V u iM+sA fy, eSa [kks lk tkrk gw¡A
22- eSa dg ugha ldrk fd oks dc rd vk;sxkA 56- mlds gkykr vHkh Hkh mlds dkcw ls ckgj gSa A
23- mls vHkh Hkh cq[kkj gSA 57- oks yM+dh ,slk fx¶V ilUn ugha djsxh A
24- eSaus rqEgkjk uke lquk rd ugha FkkA 58- muesa ls dqN esjs HkkbZ ftrus rst+ gSa A
25- u mlus ns[kk gksxk u fdlh vkSj usA 59- mlh oDr eSaus Hkh xzstq,‛ku iwjh dh A
26- eSa dg ugha ldrk fd oks vk;sxkA 60- tSls gh rqe ogk¡ igq¡pks] eq>s dkWy djuk A
27- Tkgk¡ rd esjh ft+Unxh dk loky gS] eSaus bls ekuo 61- tgk¡ rd eq>s irk gS oks LoHkko dk vPNk gS A
dY;k k ij yxk fn;k gSA 62- u dsoy esjh fta+nxh cfYd mldh Hkh bl ,d xyr
28- yksx vDlj esjs Äj vkrs gSa rkfd oks esjs vehj firk QSlys ds dkj k cckZn gks xbZ gS A
dk iSlk iz;ksx dj ldsaA 63- eSa u mls dkWy dj ik;k u mls vkf[kjh oDr is ns[k
29- oks ekrk firk ftudh ¡xyh idM+dj rqeus pyuk ik;k A
lh[kk] mUgsa dHkh nq[k er igq¡pkukA 64- bl lky dbZ fgV fQYesa gSa tSls ncax 2] lu vkWQ
30- u oks le÷kk tks eq÷ks dguk Fkk u gh mlus lquus dh ljnkj vkfn A
dksf‛k‛k rd dhA 65- oks vius nksLrksa ds lkFk [ksyrs gq, Vhoh ns[k jgk Fkk A
31- ;k rks oks rqEgsa tkus nsxk ;k oks cgkus cuk;sxkA 32- 66- ;k rks esjk xyr gS ;k rqEgkjk \
f‛k{kk O;olk; ugha cfYd vki rd ig¡qpus dk ,d 67- rqe esjs nksLr ugha gks blfy, eSus dkWy ugha dh A
iz;kl gSA 68- tc rd rqe ;gk¡ [kM+s gks] eSa Hkh dgha ugha tk ¡xk A
33- eSa Hkh [kq‛k ugha gw¡A 69- ,slh dgkfu;k¡ cgqr cksfjax gksrh gSa A
34- ge mrus lH; gSa ftruk gesa gksuk pkfg,A 70- eSa dg ugha ldrk] oks rqEgsa ,slh fdlh ckr ds fy,
35- tgk¡ rd esjh lksp dk loky gS] eq÷ks iwjk ;dhu gS Qksu djsxk A
fd eSa lcdk fny thr yw¡xkA 71- eSa mls dkWy djus ds vykok dqN Hkh dj ldrk Fkk A
192
72- pkgs oks [kk;s ;k u [kk;s] de ls de eSa rks ugha [kkus 113-mldk Hkh dksbZ ugha Fkk A
okyk A 114-eSuas mlh le; cUnwd fudky yh A
73- ;k rks eSa xyr gw¡ ;k fQj rqe A 115-jke us ;s djok;k rkfd dksbZ mls nks’k u ns A 116-
74- ftruk rqe mls I;kj djrs gks eSa Hkh djrk gw¡A tc Hkh muls iwNk x;k] oks yksx pqi gks tkrs Fks A 117-
75- eSus Hkh mls :yk;k A eSa Hkh fdlh ls ugha Mjrk Fkk A
76- ;gh rks eq>s ges‛kk ukilan Fkk vkSj fu;fr nsf[k, vkt 118-tc rd cPps ugha iwNsaxs] mUgsa dSls irk pysxk \
esjs ikl ;s djus ds flok; dksbZ pkjk gh ugha gS A 119-oks rqEgsa vkus nsxk c‛krZs rqe mls dqN iSls nks A
77- Okks vHkh Hkh cqjs nkSj ls xqt+j jgk gS A 120-esjs ikl mlds ftruh fdrkcsa D;ksa ugha Fkh \
78- pkgs esjs lkFk cqjs ls Hkh cqjk crkZo gks ;k eq>s tku ls 121-gekjs ?kj esa Hkys gh dEI;wVj u gks] ij geusa dke
ekj fn;k tk;s esjh vkf[kjh lk¡l Hkh ;gh dgsxh fd eSa djuk lh[k fy;k gS A
vius ns‛k ls I;kj djrk gw¡ vkSj var rd djrk jgw¡xkA 122- gels dksbZ ugha fey ikrk Fkk ‚kk;n blfy, D;ksafd
79- tks rqe dgks] eSa var rd djrk jgw¡xk A ge lcls vyx Fks A
80- tc rd oks feyus ugha vkrk eSa ugha tkus okyk A 123- mUgsa gh ugha] muds ifjokj okyksa dks Hkh dksVZ esa is‛k
81- ge bl rjg jksM ikj djrs gSa A fd;k tkuk gSA
82- tSlk rqe pkgks@tSlk rqe ilan djks A 124- geus vHkh rd fdlh dks ugha cqyk;k gSA
83- eSa i<+us yxk T;ksa gh ikik vk;s A 125- cPps us vk¡[ksa [kksyh Hkh ugha Fkh fd mls ekj fn;k
84- rqe esjs dksbZ ugha gks tcfd oks esjk lc dqN gS A x;kA
85- oks esjs fy, :dk tc rd eSa ugha vk;k A 126- Hkys gh mlus eq>s tkus fn;k ij eSa mldk lkFk nsus
86- tSlK&2 vkius eq>s crk;k Fkk eSua s dj fy;k gS A dh lksp Hkh ugha ldrk A
87- mlus i<+rs gq, eq>s dkWy fd;k A 127- D;k rqe vHkh Hkh ,slk lksprs gks \
88- eSaus rqEgsa dkWy dh gh Fkh fd rqe esjs ?kj ig¡qp x;s A 128- gkyk¡fd mldh rch;r [kjkc gS fQj Hkh eSa mldh
89- geus vHkh rd rktegy ugha ns[kk gS A fgEer dh nkn nsrk gw¡ fd oks lqcg ls dke dj jgk
90- rqeus vHkh rd fdruk iSLkk bdV~Bk dj fy;k gS \ gS A
91- bl rjg dk vkneh ?keaMh gksrk gS A 129- mlus ,slk fd;k rkfd yksx mldh rkjhQ djsaA
92- mlus bl rjg esjk Lokxr fd;k fd ,d iy dks eq>s 130- ius nksLrksa dk lkFk nks ,slk u gks fd t+:jr iM+us
yxk fd eSa ghjks gw¡ A ij oks rqEgkjk lkFk u nas A
93- eq>s Hkh ,slk O;ogkj dHkh ilan ugha vk;k A 131- D;k ;s ogh yM+dk gS ftls rqe ml fnu dqN iwN jgs
94- eSa bl lky T+;knk esgur d:¡xk D;ksafd eSa nksckjk Fks \
Qsy ugha gksuk pkgrk A 132- ftls eSaus fi;k oks ikuh ugha dqN vkSj Fkk A
95- eq>s Vhoh dh t:jr ugha Fkh ij rqeus fnyk nh] eSa 133-rqe eq>s jksd ugha ikvksxs A
/kU;okn djrk g¡w A 134-D;k oks vkt+ Hkh eq>s ;kn djrk gS \
96- esjs ikl dqN ugha gS fQj Hkh eSa fgEer ugha gkjrk A 135-eSaus vHkh rd dqN ugha [kk;k gS A
97- dksbZ rks nks’kh gS] rqe ;k eSa \ 136- mlds ckjs esa Hkys gh rqe dqN Hkh dgks ij mls eq> ls
98- oks lkFkh ftlds fcuk rqe vkt tgk¡ gks ig¡qp ugha csgrj dksbZ ugha tkurk A
ldrs Fks] dgk¡ gS oks \ 137- ,slk [;ky rd eq>s ugha vkrk A
99- tc rd oks esjs iSls okil ugha djrk eSa mls ugha 138- oks u dqN lksp ik;k u viuh ckr dg ik;k A
NksM+us okyk A 139-,slh phtsa eSa Hkh ugha [kkrk A
100- oks mruh nwj rd ugha tk ldk A 140- ;k rks oks rqEgsa tkus nsxk ;k fQj ;s dgdj jksdsxk fd
101-oks lp ugha] ,d fn[kkok Fkk A mls rqEgkjh t+:jr gS A
102-ftlds lkFk cSBdj rqeus QksVks f[kapokbZ] oks dkSu gS \ 141- fj‛rs mUgsa dgrs gSa tks gesa ,d nwljs ls I;kj djuk
103-mlh dks rks eSaus Hkstk Fkk A fl[kkrs gaS A
104-blh ckr ij rks gekjs chp >xM+k gqvk A 142- xka/khth oks egkiq:’k gSa ftuds fl)karksa dks lqurs gq,
105-u [kqn djrs gks] u djus nsrs gks A eSa cM+k gqvk A
106-,slh ykijokgh vHkh rd fdlh vkSj us ugha dh gS A 143- ftlus rqEgsa tkus fn;k oks esjk cM+k HkkbZ Fkk A
107-mlds ikl vHkh Hkh cgqr iSlk gS A 144-ge Hkh fdlh dks ugha dgrs Fks A
108-u ckfj‛k gqbZ] u dksbZ vk;k A 145- ftlds da/ks ij cSBdj rqeus nqfu;k ns[kh] muds da/kks
109- rqeus mls cqyok;k rkfd gesa fiVok ldks A dks dHkh >qdus er nsuk A
110- ftlds lkFk ge py jgs gSa] oks Hkwr ugha gks ldrk A 146- eaSus rqEgsa iwNk rd ugha fd rqe dSls gks A
111-ftldk fny VwVk gksrk gS oks vDlj nnZ eglwl djrk 147-mls Hkh ;s ugha crk;k x;k A
gSA 148-D;k rqe dkj pykuk tkurs gks \
112-dy NqV~Vh gksxh A
193
Answers
1. Even he didn‟t want.
2. Though I am not being let play, still I am quiet. / Although I am not being let play, yet I am quiet.
3. I can make him go provided you come home.
4. Neither I did nor I can ever think to do (of doing).
5. Whether he sits or not, I must sit (I will definitely sit).
6. We were not even let study.
7. Nobody listened to me.
8. The one who you are missing, she never misses you (You are never missed by her).
9. That you kept on table, what is that?
10. Even if he doesn‟t come, I will leave for Delhi early in the morning.
11. Even he kept on watching us.
12. Did he know who I was?
13. That‟s what I am making you understand.
14. Relation is something without which we are incomplete.
15. That‟s where we were standing and studying.
16. He had taught me how to fight?
17. Either we will have to cry over our defeat or sacrifice our lives, fighting.
18. He not only knows English but also Punjabi.
19. Respect all lest nobody should respect you.
20. Let‟s go now otherwise (or else) we may (might) be late.
21. He didn‟t come to study so that he was not scolded.
22. I can‟t say until when (by what time) he will come.
23. He is still suffering from fever. / He still has fever.
24. I had not even heard your name.
25. Neither he will have seen nor anybody else.
26. I can‟t say if he will come.
27. As far as my life is concerned, I have devoted it to human welfare.
28. People visit my home very often so that they might use my rich father‟s money.
29. The parents, holding whose fingers you toddled, don‟t ever hurt them.
30. Neither he understood what I had to say nor he even tried to listen.
31. Either he will let you go or he will make excuses.
32. Education is not a business but an endeavor to reach you.
33. Even I am not happy. / I am not happy either.
34. We are as civilized as we should be.
35. As far as my thinking is concerned, I firmly believe that I will win everyone‟s heart.
36. He can do anything but scold you.
37. It‟s not my love but an attraction towards that girl.
38. He started talking to me as if he knew me beforehand (he already knew me).
39. Even if train comes after 2 hrs, we must be ready.
40. Was any of them as handsome as he is?
41. Did he have as many cars as I have?
42. He didn‟t like fruits either. / Even he didn‟t like fruits.
43. For (Since/as) I didn‟t phone (call) him, He didn‟t talk to me for next whole day.
44. Raj doesn‟t know whether he will go Delhi or not.
45. He had no idea whether he would go. / He didn‟t know whether he would go.
46. That‟s how I grew up.
47. My mom is not such a lady who will buy your excuses.
48. No sooner had I opened this book than I remembered my childhood as I loved it when I was a kid.
49. I still love you more than my life.
194
50. None of them had as many pens as I had.
51. Is your suggestion as good as mine is.
52. That‟s where I had seen that stranger.
53. He didn‟t call me because (,for / as) he is angry with me.
54. He was not as tall as I.
55. Your eyes stare me in such a way that I feel myself lost for that a moment.
56. His circumstances are still out of his hands.
57. That girl will not like such a gift.
58. Few of them are as intelligent as my brother is.
59. That‟s when even I completed Graduation.
60. As soon as you reach there, call me up.
61. As far as I know, he is nice by nature.
62. Not only my life but also his is ruined due to this one wrong decision.
63. I could neither call him nor see him at the last breath (time).
64. There are so many big hits this year such as Dabang 2, Son of Sardar etc.
65. He was watching TV while playing with his friends.
66. Either mine is wrong or yours is.
67. You are not my friend that‟s why I didn‟t call you.
68. As long as you are standing here, even I will not go anywhere.
69. Such stories are very boring.
70. I can‟t say if he will call you for any such purpose.
71. I could do anything but call her.
72. Whether he eats or not, atleast I am not going to (gonna) eat.
73. Either I am wrong or you are.
74. As much as you love her, even I do.
75. Even I made him weep. / I also made him weep.
76. That‟s what I always disliked and what a coincidence, I have no choice but to do it.
77. He is still going through a bad phase.
78. Whether I am treated brutally or killed, Even my last breathe will say “ I love my country and I will
keep loving till the end “.
79. Whatever you say, I will keep doing till the end.
80. Unless he comes to meet, I am not going to go.
81. That‟s how we cross the road.
82. As you feel like.
83. I started studying as soon as (the moment) Dad came (turned up).
84. You are no one to me whereas (while) he is everything to me.
85. He waited for me until (unless) I came. / He waited for me by the time (as long as) I didn‟t come.
86. I have done as you had instructed me.
87. He called me while studying.
88. No sooner had I called you than you reached my home.
89. We have not seen the Taj Mahal yet (as yet).
90. How much money have you collected so far?
91. Such a man is arrogant.
92. She welcomed me in such a way that for a moment I felt as if I was a hero.
93. Even I never liked such a behavior.
94. I will work harder this year because I don‟t want to fail again.
95. I didn‟t need a TV but you provided me. I thank you so much.
96. I have nothing, yet I don‟t lose hope.
97. Someone is to blame; either you or I?
98. The mate without whom you could not have reached where you are today, where is he?
195
99. Unless (until) he returns my money, I am not going to (gonna) spare him.
100. He couldn‟t go up to that far.
101. That was not truth but fake.
102. The one, sitting with whom you had a snap. Who is he?
103. That‟s whom I had sent.
104. That‟s what we disputed on. / We disputed on the same matter.
105. Neither you do yourself not let do.
106. Nobody else has done such a negligence.
107. He still has lots of money. / He still has a lot of money.
108. Neither it rained, nor did anybody come.
109. You made him come so that we could be beaten.
110. The one with whom we are walking, he can‟t be a ghost.
111. The one whose heart is broken, he often feels the pain.
112. It will be holiday tomorrow.
113. Nobody was his either. / Nobody was hers either.
114. That‟s when I took out the gun. / I took out the gun exactly at that time.
115. Ram got it done so that nobody blames him.
116. Whenever they were asked, they people would keep quiet.
117. Even I was not scared of anybody.
118. Unless children ask, how will they know?
119. He will let you come provided you give him some money.
120. Why did I not have as many books as he had?
121. Even if we don‟t have a computer at home, then also we have learnt how to work on it.
122. Nobody was able to meet us, probably because we were different than others.
123. Not only they but also their family members have to be produced in court.
124. We have not called anyone yet.
125. Child had not even opened the eyes that he was killed.
126. Even if he let me go, but I can‟t even think of supporting him.
127. Do you still think so?
128. Though he is unwell, still I salute his courage that he has been working since morning.
129. He did so, so that people appreciate him.
130. Help your friends lest in need, they shouldn‟t help you.
131. Is this the boy whom you were asking something the other day?
132. That I drank wasn‟t water but something else.
133. You will not be able to stop me.
134. Does he still miss me?
135. I have not eaten/had/taken anything as yet.
136. Although you say anything about him, yet nobody knows him better than I.
137. I can‟t even think so.
138. He could neither think something nor say what he wanted to.
139. I don‟t eat such things either.
140. Either he will let you go or he will stop you, saying that he needs you.
141. Relations are those which teach us to love each other.
142. Gandhiji is the great man, hearing whose principles I grew up.
143. The one, who let you go, was my elder brother.
144. Even we didn‟t use to say to anyone.
145. The one, sitting on whose shoulders you saw the world, don‟t let him ever down.
146. I didn‟t even ask you how you were.
147. Even he was not told this.
148. Do you know how to drive the car?
196
Conjunctions – Test Papers
Test – I
1- Hkys gh ;s nwfj;k¡ cgqr xgjh gSa] fQj Hkh rqe esjs fny ds lcls djhc gksA
2- jke u esjk nksLr Fkk u gSA
3- eSa vHkh Hkh lksp jgk gw¡A
4- oks ;gh rks pkgrh gSA
5- u oks esjss ftruk xksjk Fkk u rqEgkjs ftruk dkykA
6- jke ds nl HkkbZ gSa tcfd esjs dsoy nksA
7- ge lc bl rjg [ksyrs gSa tSls fd HkkbZ HkkbZ gksaA
8- oks oSls gh yM+k tSlk rqeus mls fl[kk;k FkkA
9- eSa jktsUnz ugha] lyeku gw¡A
10- eSaus rqEgsa eSlst Hkstk gh Fkk fd rqeus dkWy dj nhA
11- eSa lc dqN ns[k ldrk gw¡ gksrs gq, ij ugha ns[k ldrk rqEgsa jksrs gq,A
12- mlus fdrkc rd ugha [kksyh Fkh ij ikl gks x;kA
13- esjs lkFk jgks rkfd dqN lh[k ldksA
14- esjs ikl Hkh iSu ugha gSA
15- ftruh tYnh gks lds esjs ?kj vkvksA
16- esjk vkWfQl Hkh rqEgkjs vkWfQl ftruk gh nwj gSA
17- vkleku ds ftruk ¡pk cuksA
18- mldk 'kjhj yksgs dh rjg etcwr Fkk ij fny ,d cPps dh rjg funksZ"kA
19- cPps gh ugha VhplZ Hkh vk;s FksA
20- eSa rqEgsa fdrkc n¡wxk ij rc tc rqe bls jkst+ i<+ksA
Q2: Choose the correct alternative: 10 x 1 = 10
1) My father always scolds me ................. he was Hitler.
i) Even ii) However iii) As though iv) So that v) None of these
2) I have not met him ……….
i) Till now ii) As Yet iii) So far iv) Still v) None of these
3) Work hard lest you....... fail.
i) will ii) should iii) can iv) might v) None of these
4) I can‟ t say ........ he will come.
i) If ii) That iii) Whether iv) as v) None of these
5) Either you or he ............ wrong.
i) Am ii) Are iii) Is iv) Were v) None of these
6) Did you not go there ........... ?
i) also ii) even iii) Either iv) too v) None of these

197
7) Although I am your friend, ………it doesn‟ t mean you make me fool.
i) then also ii) yet iii) however iv) still v) but
8) He can‟ t…….go there.

i) even ii) either iii) yet iv) still v) also
9) He as well as his friends ........... coming.
i) is ii) are iii) were iv) have been v) None of these
10) Whether he .........or not, I must go.
i) comes ii) came iii) come iv) will come v) None of these
Q3: Correct the following sentences: 10 x 2 = 20
1) I will give you the book provided you will read that daily.
2) My friends have not reached till now.
3) I will see whether he is at home.
4) Read the whole book thoroughly lest you may fail.
5) Even if he will go, I don‟ t care.
6) I am even now thinking about her.
7) As soon as Dad came, I started study.
8) You ordered me as if you are my boss.
9) Because I lost everything, I am depressed.
10)While walk, he was studying.
Answers
Q1:
1- Hkys gh ;s nwfj;k¡ cgqr xgjh gSa] fQj Hkh rqe esjs fny ds lcls djhc gksA
Even if the differences are quite deep, still you are the closest to my heart.
2- jke u esjk nksLr Fkk u gSA
Ram was neither my friend nor he is.
3- eSa vHkh Hkh lksp jgk gw¡A
I am still thinking.
4- oks ;gh rks pkgrh gSA
That‟ s what she wants.
5- u oks esjss ftruk xksjk Fkk u rqEgkjs ftruk dkykA
Neither he was as fair as I nor as dark as you.
6- jke ds nl HkkbZ gSa tcfd esjs dsoy nksA
Ram has 10 brothers whereas/while I have two.
7- ge lc bl rjg [ksyrs gSa tSls fd HkkbZ HkkbZ gksaA
We all play as if we are brothers.
8- oks oSls gh yM+k tSlk rqeus mls fl[kk;k FkkA
He fought as/the way you had trained him.
9- eSa jktsUnz ugha] lyeku gw¡A
I am not Rajendra but Salman.
198
10- eSaus rqEgsa eSlst Hkstk gh Fkk fd rqeus dkWy dj nhA
No sooner had I messaged you than you called.
11- ns[k ldrk g¡w eSa dqN Hkh gksrs gq, ij ugha ns[k ldrk rqEgsa jksrs gq,A
I can see anything happening but you crying.
12- mlus fdrkc rd ugha [kksyh Fkh ij ikl gks x;kA
He had not even opened the book but he passed.
13- esjs lkFk jgks rkfd dqN lh[k ldksA
Be with me so that you could learn something.
14- esjs ikl Hkh iSu ugha gSA
I don‟ t have a pen either. / Even, I don‟ t have a pen.
15- ftruh tYnh gks lds esjs ?kj vkvksA
Come my home as soon as possible.
16- esjk vkWfQl Hkh rqEgkjs vkWfQl ftruk gh nwj gSA
Even my office is as far as your office is.
17- vkleku ds ftruk ¡pk cuksA
Be as high/tall as sky.
18- mldk 'kjhj yksgs dh rjg etcwr Fkk ij fny ,d cPps dh rjg funksZ"kA
His body was as strong as Iron but his heart was as innocent as a kid.
19- cPps gh ugha VhplZ Hkh vk;s FksA
Not only students but also teachers had come.
20- eSa rqEgsa fdrkc n¡wxk ij rc tc rqe bls jkst+ i<+ksA
I‟ ll give you the book provided you read it daily.
Q2: Correct alternative is written in bold letters and underlined:
1) My father always scolds me.................. he is Hitler.
i) Even ii) However iii) As though iv) So that v) None of these
2) I have not met him ……….
i) Till now ii) As Yet iii) So far iv) Still v) None of these
3) Work hard lest you… .... fail.
i) will ii) should iii) can iv) might v) None of these
4) I can‟ t say ........ he will come.
i) If ii) That iii) Whether iv) as v) None of these
5) Either you or he ........... wrong.
i) Am ii) Are iii) Is iv) Were v) None of these
6) Did you not go there............ ?
i) also ii) even iii) either iv) too v) None of these
199
7) Although I am your friend, ………it doesn‟ t mean you make me fool.
i) then also ii) yet iii) however iv) still v) but
8) He can‟ t…….go there.
i) even ii) either iii) yet iv) still v) also
9) He as well as his friends ............ coming.
i) is ii) are iii) were iv) have been v) None of these
10) Whether he ......... or not, I must go.
i) comes ii) came iii) come iv) will come v) None of these
Q3: Correct sentences are in italic letters just below the incorrect ones:
1) I will give you the book provided you will read that daily. (Incorrect)
I will give you the book provided you read that daily. (Correct)
2) My friends have not reached till now.

My friends have not reached yet / as yet.
3) I will see whether he is at home.

I will see if he is at home.
4) Read the whole book thoroughly lest you may fail.

Read the whole book thoroughly lest you should fail.
5) Even if he will go, I don‟ t care.

Even if he goes, I don‟ t care.
6) I am even now thinking about her.

I am thinking about her even now. / I am still thinking about her.
7) As soon as Dad came, I started study.

As soon as Dad came, I started studying.
8) You ordered me as if you are my boss.

You ordered me as if you were my boss.
9) Because I lost everything, I am depressed.

Since/As/For I lost everything, I am depressed.
10) While walk, he was studying.

While walking, he was studying.
200
Test – II
1- esjk ?kj rqEgkjs ?kj ftruk gh nwj gSA 14- ftruh tYnh gks lds [kkuk [kk yksA
2- eSa jkgqy ugha jksgu gw¡A 15- u eSaaus [kk;k] u fi;kA
3- eSa rqEgkjs ?kj ds flok; dgha Hkh tk ldrk gw¡A 16- esgur djks rkfd bXt+ke esa ikl gks ldksA
4- rqe u vPNs gks u cqjsA 17- eSa vHkh rd mlls ugha feyk gw¡A
5- rqe ;k rks dEI;wVj ys yks ;k ysiVkiA 18- bl rjg ds yksx fdlh ls ugha feyrsA
6- jke dqN Hkh dj ldrk gS ij fdlh dk fny ugha nq[kk 19- tc rd rqe esgur ugha djrs] lQy ugha gksxsA
ldrkA 20- pkgs rqe vkvks ;k u vkvks] eSa tk jgk gw¡A
7- rqe ,d vPNs bUlku ugha gksA eSa Hkh ughaA 21- eSa dg ugha ldrk oks vk;sxk ;k ughaA
8- eSa vke ugha [kkrk] rqe Hkh ugha [kkrsA 22- oks 5000 # dek jgk gS tcfd rqe 10000A
9- Hkys gh oks dHkh Ldwy ugha x;k] fQj Hkh xtc dh 23- ;gh rks eSaus rqEgsa dgkA
vaxzsth cksyrk gSA 24- u rqeus dqN dgk] u mlusA
10- jkds‛k ds ikl dbZ xkfM+;k¡ gS tSls eflZMht+] gksUMk 25- yksx vHkh Hkh mlls yM+ jgs gSaA
vkfnA 26- Hkys gh rqe eq>s iSls ns nks] eSa ;s ugha d#¡xkA
11- oks bruk vPNk nksLr Fkk fd eSa crk ugha ldrkA 27- eSa rqels yM+us dks rS;kj gw¡ c‛krsZ rqe mls NksM+ nksA
12- rqe mruh nwj rd dHkh ugha nkSM+ ldrs ftruk eSa 28- vxj rqe fnYyh vkvks rks eq>ls t+#j feyukA
nkSM+ ldrk gw¡A 29- eSa ogha rks tk jgk gw¡A
13- rqe feyus vk ldrs gks tc rd eSa vkWfQl esa gw¡A 30- rqe u dsoy ,d HkkbZ gks cfYd ,d firk Hkh gksA
Q 2: Correct the following sentences if there is an error: 10 X 2 = 20
1. You don‟ t like me. I don‟ t like you too.

2. If I will go to market, I will meet you.
3. Computer is such device, which can stop working anytime.
4. Wheather you go or not, I will go to Shimla.
5. That‟s what I am telling you since morning.
6. He is not only a manager, but a student as well.
7. He is not in office since he is unwell.
8. He is working like a manager.
9. He has as much pencils as you have.
10. I am not yet satisfied.
Answers
Q1:
1- esjk ?kj rqEgkjs ?kj ftruk gh nwj gSA My house is as far as your house.
2- eSa jkgqy ugha jksgu gw¡A I am not Rahul but Rohan.
3- eSa rqEgkjs ?kj ds flok; dgha Hkh tk ldrk gw¡A I can go anywhere but/except your home.
4- rqe u vPNs gks u cqjsA You are neither good nor bad.
5- rqe ;k rks dEI;wVj ys yks ;k ysiVkiA You either take a computer or a laptop.
6- jke dqN Hkh dj ldrk gS ij fdlh dk fny ugha nq[kk ldrkA Ram can do anything but hurt someone.
7- rqe ,d vPNs bUlku ugha gksA eSa Hkh ughaA You are not a good person. Neither do I.
8- eSa vke ugha [kkrk] rqe Hkh ugha [kkrsA I don‟ t eat mango, neither do you.
9- Hkys gh oks dHkh Ldwy ugha x;k] fQj Hkh xt+c dh vaxzst+h cksyrk gSA
Even if he never went to school, yet he speaks fluently.
201
10- jkds‛k ds ikl dbZ xkfM+;k¡ gS tSls eflZMht+] gksUMk vkfnA
Rakesh has many cars such as Mercedez, Honda etc.
11- oks bruk vPNk nksLr Fkk fd eSa crk ugha ldrkA
He was such a good friend that I can‟t even tell you.
12- rqe mruh nwj rd dHkh ugha nkSM+ ldrs ftruk eSa nkSM+ ldrk gw¡A You can never run as far as I can.
13- rqe feyus vk ldrs gks tc rd eSa vkWfQl esa gw¡A You can come to meet till I am in office.
14- ftruh tYnh gks lds [kkuk [kk yksA Eat the food as soon as possible.
15- u eSaaus [kk;k] u fi;kA Neither I ate nor drank.
16- esgur djks rkfd bXt+ke esa ikl gks ldksA Work hard so that you could pass the exam.
17- eSa vHkh rd mlls ugha feyk gw¡A I have not met him yet.
18- bl rjg ds yksx fdlh ls ugha feyrsA Such people don‟ t meet anyone.
19- tc rd rqe esgur ugha djrs] lQy ugha gksxsA Until/Unless you work hard, can‟t succeed.
20- pkgs rqe vkvks ;k u vkvks] eSa tk jgk gw¡A Whether you come or not, I am going.
21- eSa dg ugha ldrk oks vk;sxk ;k ughaA I can‟ t say whether he will come or not.
22- oks 5000 # dek jgk gS tcfd rqe 10000A He is earning Rs 5000 whereas you earn 10000.
23- ;gh rks eSaus rqEgsa dgkA That‟ s what I said to you.
24- u rqeus dqN dgk] u mlusA Neither you said anything nor he.
25- yksx vHkh Hkh mlls yM+ jgs gSaA People are still fighting with him.
26- Hkys gh rqe eq>s iSls ns nks] eSa ;s ugha d#¡xkA Even if you give me money, I will not do it.
27- eSa rqels yM+us dks rS;kj gw¡ c‛krsZ rqe mls NksM+ nksA I am ready to fight you, provided you leave him.
28- vxj rqe fnYyh vkvks rks eq>ls t+#j feyukA If you visit Delhi, meet me for sure.
29- eSa ogha rks tk jgk gw¡A That‟ s where I am going.
30- rqe u dsoy ,d HkkbZ gks cfYd ,d firk Hkh gksA You are not only a brother but also a father.
Q 2:
Incorrect Sentence Correct Sentence
1. You don‟t like me. I don‟t like you too. You don‟t like me. I don‟t like you either.
2. If I will go to market, I will meet you. If I go to market, I will meet you.
3. Computer is such device, which can stop working anytime. (Incorrect)

Computer is such a device, which can stop working anytime. (Correct)
4. Wheather you go or not, I will go to Shimla. Whether you go or not, I will go to Shimla.
5. That‟s what I am telling you since morning. That‟s what I have been telling you since morning.
6. He is not only a manager, but a student as well. He is not only a manager, but also a student.
7. He is not in office since he is unwell. He is not in office because/as/,for he is unwell.
8. He is working like a manager. He is working as a manager.
9. He has as much pencils as you have. He has as many pencils as you have.
10. I am not yet satisfied. I am not satisfied yet/as yet. / I am yet not satisfied.
202
Lesson – 23
Imperative Sentences ¼vkKk lwpd okD;½
“vkKklwpd okD; oks gksrs gSa ftudh enn ls ge ;k rks fdlh dks dksbZ vkns‛k nsrs gSa] lykg nsrs gSa ;k fQj
fdlh ls dksbZ vuqjks/k djrs gSaA”
vxj eSa vkils dg¡w fd Þeq>s iSu nksÞ] rks ;k rks eSa vkidks vkns‛k ns jgk g¡w ;k fQj ,slk Hkh gks ldrk gS fd eSa
vkils vuqjks/k ;k fourh dj jgk gw¡A ;s lc bl ckr ij fuHkZj djrk gS fd esjs cksyus dk rjhdk dSlk gSA
“Imperative Sentences are those in which we either order someone, advice

someone or request for something from someone.”
If I say “Give me a pen”, then either I am ordering you to give me the pen, or it‟s possible that I
am requesting you to do the same. It all depends on the tone of my voice.
vkb, foLrkj ls le÷ksa (Let‟ s understand in detail.)
¼fu;e½ ¼lw=½ ¼mnkgj k½

Rule Formula Example
Do (djks) 1. jke ds lkFk tkvksA
vxj okD; esa dqN djus dks dgk x;k gksA If Verb 1st form + Go with Ram.
it is said to do something in a Object. 2. ikdZ esa vkvksA
sentence. Come at the park.
Please/Kindly Do (—i;k djks) 1. Iyht+ cPpksa ls feyksA
vxj okD; esa dqN djus dks dgk x;k gks Please meet the
ij request djrs gq,A Please/kindly + Verb
children.
1st form + Object.
If it is said to do something in 2. Iyht+ eq>s crkvksA
the sentence but with request Kindly tell me.
(please/kindly).
Always Do (ges‛kk djks) 1. ges‛kk lp cksykssA
vxj okD; esa dqN ges‛kk djus dks dgk Always speak the
x;k gksA Always + Verb 1st truth.
If it is said to always do form + Object. 2. ges‛kk cM+ksa dks bTt+r nksA
something in the sentence. Always respect elders.
Don‟ t (er djks) 1. >wB er cksykssA
vxj okD; esa dqN djus dks euk fd;k x;k
Don‟ t + Verb 1st form Don‟ t tell a lie.
gksA 2. ckWch dks er Mk¡VksA
+ Object.
If it is said not to do something Don‟ t scold Boby.
in the sentence.
Never Do (dHkh er djks) 1. xjhcksa dks dHkh er lrkvksA
vxj okD; esa dqN djus dks euk fd;k x;k Never bother the
gksA Never + Verb 1st poor.
If it is said not to do something form + Object. 2. dHkh >wB er cksyksA
in the sentence. Never tell a lie.
203
tSlk fd geus ns[kk fd vxj eq>s dguk gS “tkvks” rks eSa dg¡wxk “Go” ij vxj eSa dg nw¡ “Do go” rks bldk ;g
eryc gksrk gS fd eSa okD; dks tksj nsdj dg jgk g¡w ;kfu eSa dguk pkgrk g¡w “t+#j tkvks”
If I use „do‟ in imperative sentences such as “Do go”, “Do eat the food”, that indicates
that I am emphasizing the command.
vc nsf[k, Let dk iz;ksx &

Let (djus nks) - Let + subject + Verb 1st form + Object.
Don‟ t let (er djus nks) - Don‟ s +let + subject + Verb 1st form + Object.
or
- Let + subject + not + Verb 1st form + Object
bl rjg ds okD;ksa esa subject ;k rks noun gksxk tSls jke] lhrk vkfn ;k fQj subject ,d objective
pronoun tSls me, him, her, us, them vkfnA vxj vkidks objective pronoun esa dksbZ confusion gS
rks pronoun pSIVj ,d ckj fQj if<+,A
In such sentences, “subject” is either a noun such as Ram, Seeta etc or an objective pronoun such as
me, him, her, us, them etc. If you are not clear on objective pronoun then go back to the chapter of
pronoun.
Examples(mnkgj k):
1. eq>s tkus nksA - Let me go.

2. jksfgr dks [ksyus nksA - Let Rohit play.
3. cPpksa dks ikdZ tkus nksA - Let children go to park.
4. mls er vkus nksA - Don‟ t let him go. / Let him not go.
5. ikik dks er tkus nksA - Don‟ t let dad go. / Let dad not go.
1. In theory, there is no difference between theory and practice. But in practice, there is.
2. I find that the harder I work, the more luck I seem to have.
3. Each problem that I solved became a rule which served afterwards to solve other problems.
4. Luck is something you are born with; but the destiny is something you make yourself.
5. Live every moment to the fullest; who knows what will happen tomorrow.
6. Live as if you were to die tomorrow. Learn as if you were to live forever. (Mahatma Gandhi)
7. Don't be afraid to give up the good to go for the great.
8. No masterpiece was ever created without efforts.
9. Thinking should become your capital asset, no matter whatever ups and downs you come across in your
life.
10. Winners are those who learn from their failures.
204
Imperative Sentences – Practice Exercise

1- esjs lkFk jgksA 48- vius twrs fudky yksA
2- vius nksLrkas ls ckr djksA 49- Qkyrw ckr er djksA
3- fdlh nksLr dks er NksM+ks A 50- Vscy yxk yksA
4- esjs ckjs esa lkspksA 51- cM+h&cM+h ckrsa er djksA
5- eq>s rqEgsa dqN crkus nksA 52- lqbZ esa /kkxk Mky nksA
6- bl ijs‛kkuh dk gy fudkyksA 53- uaxs iSj er pyksA
7- eq>s ns[kus nksA 54- fdLer ij NksM+ nksA
8- ukd lkQ djksA 55- fdlh dks nq[k er nksA
9- dHkh&dHkh ?kj vk;k djksA 56- vius twrs ds Qhrs [kksy nksA
10- mls ,d bUp Hkh er fgyus nksA 57- vius twrs ds Qhrs yxk yksA
11- ges‛kk le; ds ikcUn jgksA 58- vius uk[kwu dkVksA
12- ,sls pkykd vkneh ls lko/kku jgksA 59- viuh gn ls T+;knk [kpZ er djksA
13- viuh deht ds cVu cUn djksA 60- ekfpl tyk yksA
14- foosd dks mu yksxksa ls er feyus nksA 61- ogk¡ fcYdqy [kM+s er gksukA
15- —Ik;k njokts dh dqUMh yxk nksA 62- viuk ?kj lef>,A
16- dke ls th er pqjkvksA 63- uy cUn djksA
17- mls <¡w<+us nksA 64- uy [kksyksA
18- mls ijs‛kku er djksA 65- igys mls cksyus nksA
19- viuh dkj ;gk¡ [kM+h er djksA 66- dEI;wVj vkWQ dj nksA
20- mls ;s er djus nksA 67- ck;sa pyksA
21- dHkh&dHkh vius ekrk&firk dks ns[kus tkvksA 68- nk;sa pyksA
22- ml yM+ds ds lkFk BgjksA 69- bl ekeys dks NksM+ nksA
23- xjhcksa dh enn djksA 70- eq>s 500 dk NqV~Vk¼psUt½ nksA
24- bl yM+dh dks ;gk¡ dke djus nksA 71- viuh vaxzsth+ lq/kkjksA
25- lHkh diM+s izSl¼bL=h½ dj nksA 72- vius rd j[kks ;s ckrA fdlh dks Hkh er crkukA
26- ft+Eesnkfj;ksa ls th er pqjkvksA 73- dHkh&dHkh gels feyk djksA
27- cky cuk yksA 74- bl ‚kCn dks fMD‛kujh esa <+w¡<ksA
28- mUgsa tkus nksA 75- viuh t++qcku ij dkcw j[kksA
29- FkksM+k ikuh vkSj feyk yksA 76- ykbV cUn er djksA
30- —i;k ued ikl djksA@—i;k ued ns nksA 77- eq>s lkeku [kksyus nksA
31- le; ns[kksA 78- eq>s lkeku ck¡/kus nksA
32- ;gk¡ er mrjksA 79- —Ik;k fcLrj yxk nksA
33- gesa i<+us nks D;ksafd dy gekjk isij gSA 80- eq>s ;s ;kn fnykukA
34- eksecRrh cq>k nksA 81- vius dke ls dke j[kksA
35- lc dks I;kj djks tks dksbZ rqEgkjh ftUnxh esa 82- mls Qksu djksA
vk;sA 83- eq>s mls Qksu djus nksA
36- viuk fglkc dj yksA 84- vius eu eqVko nwj djksA
37- uhys iSu ls er fyf[k,A 85- uhacw fupksM+ nksA
38- ;gk¡ ls pys tkvksA 86- mls er NqvksA
39- bl dkj ls ckgj fudy tkvksA 87- viuk [;ky j[kukA
40- [kpip er fy[kks] lkQ&lkQ fy[kksA 88- mls iSls ns nksA
41- tYnh Bhd gks tkb,A 89- diM+s fupksM+ yksA
42- eqn~ns ij vkb,A 90- eq>s lHkh diM+s fupksM+us nksA
43- vius okns ls er eqdjksA 91- 8 cts dk vykeZ yxk nksA
44- Q‛kZ ij ;gk¡ ogk¡ er FkwdksA 92- eq>s 9 cts dk vykeZ yxkus nksA
45- [kwc eqLdqjkvksA 93- eq> ij Hkjkslk j[kksA
46- t+Ynh vkWfQl igq¡pks D;ksafd ckWl ukjkt+ gSA 94- lUrjk Nhy yksA
47- T;knk er [kkvksA 95- fnekx ls [ksyksA
205
Answers
1. Be with me. 49. Do not talk nonsense.
2. Talk to your friends. 50. Lay the table.
3. Don‟ t leave any friend. 51. Do not beat about the bush.
4. Think about me. 52. Thread the needle.
5. Let me tell you something. 53. Do not walk bare-footed.
6. Find out the solution of this problem. 54. Leave it to fate.
7. Let me see. 55. Don‟ t hurt anybody.
8. Blow the nose. 56. Unlace your shoes.
9. Come home sometimes. 57. Lace your shoes.
10. Don‟ t let him move even an inch. 58. Pare your nails.
11. Always be punctual. 59. Don‟ t spend beyond your limit.
12. Beware of such a clever man.
60. Strike a match.
13. Button up your shirt.
61. Don‟ t stand there at all.
14. Don‟ t let Vivek meet those people.
62. Feel at home here.
15. Kindly bolt the door.
63. Turn off the tap.
16. Don‟ t shirk the work.
17. Let me find out/ search. 64. Turn on the tap.
18. Don‟ t bother her. 65. Let him speak first.
19. Don‟ t park your car here. 66. Shut down the computer.
20. Let him not do this. 67. Keep to the left.
21. Sometimes, go to see your parents. 68. Keep to the right.
22. Stay with that boy. 69. Leave this matter.
23. Help the poor. 70. Give me change of five hundred.
24. Let this girl work here. 71. Improve your English.
25. Iron all the clothes. 72. Keep it to yourself. Do not tell anyone.
26. Don‟ t shirk responsibilities. 73. Sometimes, meet us.
27. Comb the hair. 74. Look up this word in the dictionary.
28. Let them go. 75. Mind your language.
29. Add a little more water. 76. Don‟ t switch off the light.
30. Pass the salt please. 77. Let me unpack the luggage.
31. Look at the time. 78. Let me pack the luggage.
32. Don‟ t get off here. 79. Make the bed please.
33. Let us study as it is our paper tomorrow. 80. Remind me of it.
34. Blow out the candle. 81. Mind your own business.
35. Love everyone whoever comes in your life. 82. Call her up.
36. Clear your accounts. 83. Let me call her.
37. Don‟ t write with blue pen. 84. Sink the differences.
38. Go away from here. 85. Squeeze the lemon.
39. Get out of this car. 86. Don‟ t touch him.
40. Do not scribble, Write legibly. 87. Take care of yourself.
41. Get well soon. 88. Give him money.
42. Come to the point. 89. Wring the clothes.
43. Do not back out of your promise. 90. Let me wring all the clothes.
44. Don‟ t spit on the floor here and there. 91. Set the alarm at 8.
45. Smile a lot. 92. Let me set the alarm at 9 o‟ clock.
46. Reach office early as boss is angry. 93. Trust me.
47. Do not overeat. 94. Peel off the orange.
48. Take off your shoes. 95. Play wisely.
206
Imperative Sentences – Test Papers
Test – I
1- le; er ns[kksA 26- fnu esa de ls de ,d ckj ugk fy;k djksA

2- ;gk¡ ls er tkvksA 27- viuh lq[k lqfo/kkvksa ij T+;knk [kpZ er djksA
3- gesa i<+us nks D;ksafd ijlksa gekjk isij gSA 28- iSu esa bad Mky yksA
4- eksecRrh tyk ykssA 29- cksrysa Hkj yksA ikuh vk jgk gSA
5- uhys iSu ls gh fy[kksA 30- dkj ls tYnh mrjksA
6- ;gk¡ vk tkvksA 31- ogk¡ tkus dh Hkwy er djukA
7- bl ?kj ls ckgj fudy tkvksA 32- eq>s MkDVj er le>ksA eSa rks pijklh gw¡A
8- lkQ&lkQ fy[kus dh dksf‛k‛k djksA 33- yksxksa ls ?kqy fey dj jgk djksA
9- tYnh Bhd gks tkvks] gesa cgqr dke djus gSaA 34- fdpu esa ,d eksecRrh dk iSdsV j[k yksA
10- eqn~ns ij vkb, D;ksafd le; cgqr de gSA 35- mldh dgkuh er lqukvks] eSa id x;k gw¡A
11- viuk oknk er rksM+ukA 36- ogk¡ fcYdqy er tkuk] ogk¡ dqN ugha gSA
12- rqe [kwc eqLdqjkvksA 37- eq>ls er dfg,] dksbZ Qk;nk ughaA
13- t+Ynh djks D;ksafd ge ysV gks jgs gSaA 38- njoktk cUn er djksA
14- T;knk er [kkvks] isV QV tk;sxkA 39- FkksM+k lk ikuh ns nksA
15- twrs igu yksA 40- FkksM+h fdrkcsa j[k yksA
16- dEcy vks<+ yksA 41- FkksM+h pk; ns nhft,A
17- dEcy vks<+ dj lksvksA 42- YkkbV vkWQ er djksA
18- Qkyrw ckr er djks] fnekx [kjkc gksrk gSA 43- eksckby dks lk;ysUV eksM esa j[kksA
19- fcLrj yxk yksA 44- igys mls tkus nksA
20- mlds ckjs esa ckr er djksA 45- dEI;wVj vkWu djus dh xyrh er djukA
21- de ls de iSu rks [kjhn yksA 46- esjs lkFk lkFk pyksA
22- uaxs iSj lM+d ij er pyksA 47- nk;ha rjQ pyksA
23- ckdh lc fdLer ij NksM+ nksA 48- Eksjk gkFk idM+ yksA
24- ckdh lc eq> ij NksM+ nksA 49- dYiuk djks fd rqe fdlh igkM+ ij gksA
25- fdlh dks Hkh nq[k er nksA 50- vanktk er yxkvksA
Answers
1- le; er ns[kksA Don‟ t see the time.
2- ;gk¡ ls er tkvksA Don‟ t go from here.
3- gesa i<+us nks D;ksafd ijlksa gekjk isij gSA Let us study as it is our paper day after tomorrow.
4- eksecRrh tyk ykssA Light the candle.
5- uhys iSu ls gh fy[kksA Write only with a blue pen.
6- ;gk¡ vk tkvksA Come here.
7- bl ?kj ls ckgj fudy tkvksA Go out of this home.
8- lkQ&lkQ fy[kus dh dksf‛k‛k djksA Try to write clear / legible.
9- tYnh Bhd gks tkvks] gesa cgqr dke djus gSaA Get well soon, we have lots of work to do.
10- eqn~ns ij vkb, D;ksafd le; cgqr de gSA Come to the point as we have less time.
11- viuk oknk er rksM+ukA Don‟ t back out of your promise.
12- rqe [kwc eqLdqjkvksA I wish you smile a lot.
13- t+Ynh djks D;ksafd ge ysV gks jgs gSaA Hurry up as we are getting late.
14- T;knk er [kkvks] isV QV tk;sxkA Don‟ t overeat, stomach might blow up.
15- twrs igu yksA Put on the shoes.
16- dEcy vks<+ yksA Take a blanket.
207
17- dEcy vks<+ dj lksvksA Sleep with a blanket.
18- Qkyrw ckr er djks] fnekx [kjkc gksrk gSA Don‟ t talk rubbish/nonsense, I am fed up.
19- fcLrj yxk yksA Make the bed.
20- mlds ckjs esa ckr er djksA Don‟ t talk about him/her.
21- de ls de iSu rks [kjhn yksA At least purchase a pen.
22- uaxs iSj lM+d ij er pyksA Don‟ t walk bare footed on the road.
23- ckdh lc fdLer ij NksM+ nksA Leave rest on luck/destiny/God.
24- ckdh lc eq> ij NksM+ nksA Leave rest on me.
25- fdlh dks nq[k er nksA Don‟ t hurt anyone.
26- fnu esa de ls de ,d ckj ugk fy;k djksA Take a bath at least once in a day.
27- viuh lq[k lqfo/kkvksa ij T+;knk [kpZ er djksA Don‟ t spend a lot on your luxuries.
28- iSu esa bad Mky yksA Put the ink into the pen.
29- cksrysa Hkj yksA ikuh vk jgk gSA Fill the bottles. Water is running.
30- dkj ls tYnh mrjksA Quickly get off the car.
31- ogk¡ tkus dh Hkwy er djukA Don‟ t mistake to go there.
32- eq>s MkDVj er le>ksA eSa rks pijklh g¡wA Don‟ t mistake me the doctor. I am a peon.
33- yksxksa ls ?kqy fey dj jgk djksA Mingle with people.
34- fdpu esa ,d eksecRrh dk iSdsV j[k yksA Keep a packet of candles in kitchen.
35- mldh dgkuh er lqukvks] eSa id x;k gw¡A Don‟t tell me his story, I am fed up / bored / tired.
36- ogk¡ fcYdqy er tkuk] ogk¡ dqN ugha gSA Don‟ t go there at all, there is nothing.
37- eq>ls er dfg,] dksbZ Qk;nk ughaA Don‟ t tell me, it is of no use.
38- njoktk cUn er djksA Don‟ t shut the door.
39- FkksM+k lk ikuh ns nksA Give me some water. / Give me a little
water.
40- FkksM+h fdrkcsa j[k yksA Keep a few books.
41- FkksM+h pk; ns nhft,A Give me some/a little tea.
42- YkkbV vkWQ er djksA Don‟ t turn/switch off the light.
43- eksckby dks lk;ysUV eksM esa j[kksA Keep the mobile in silent mode.
44- igys mls tkus nksA Let him go first.
45- dEI;wVj vkWu djus dh xyrh er djukA Don‟ t mistake to switch on the computer.
46- esjs lkFk lkFk pyksA Walk with me. / Pace with me. /Follow me.
47- nk;ha rjQ pyksA Walk to the right.
48- Eksjk gkFk idM+ yksA Hold my hand.
49- dYiuk djks fd rqe fdlh igkM+ ij gksA Imagine that/as if you are in a mountain.
50- vanktk er yxkvksA Don‟ t guess.

1. You are never too old to dream a new dream.
vki dHkh brus cw<+s ugha gksrs fd dksbZ u;k liuk u ns[k ldsaA
2. A successful person is the one who can lay a firm foundation with the stones thrown on
him by others.
,d lQy O;fDr oks gS tks nwljksa ds }kjk Qsads x;s iRFkjksa ls ,d etcwr uhao cuk ldsA
3. A machine can replace an ordinary man but no machine can replace an extraordinary man.
,d e‛khu ,d lk/kkj k O;fDr dh txg ys ldrh gS ij dksbZ Hkh e‛khu ,d vlk/kkj k O;fDr dh txg ugha ys
ldrhA
208
Test – II
1. Let me find out what he has. 26. Bear the charges yourself.
2. Sometimes try to visit him. 27. Don‟ t watch such movies.
3. He dropped in to my place. 28. Repair it as soon as possible.
4. Always be nice to people. 29. Let me purchase something for her.
5. Don‟t do it. You‟ll repent sooner or later. 30. Let me tell you something.
6. Kindly do the needful. 31. Be regular in gym.
7. Don‟ t lisp. 32. Always believe in yourself.
8. Do it because you are good at it. 33. Kindly help the poor.
9. Teach them something. 34. Don‟ t rip off the people.
10. Look at me. 35. Do good deed.
11. Have a look at it. 36. Let his father come.
12. Have something. 37. Come and play with us.
13. Have a look at this page. 38. Go and meet him.
14. Get off the car. 39. Just do it, don‟ t think much.
15. Always behave like a literate. 40. Wash the utensils.
16. Don‟ t misbehave with others. 41. Hang this poster on the wall.
17. Don‟ t defame me. 42. Keep on the right.
18. Never give up. 43. Let go.
19. Switch on the mobile after a while. 44. Let him try.
20. Put on new clothes & take off the old 45. Count the stars.
ones. 46. Kindly meet me today.
21. Be my friend. 47. Have atleast one burger.
22. Don‟ t befool me. 48. Have a little food with me.
23. Remind me of it tomorrow. 49. Have some water.
24. Love your real ones. 50. Let God decide what we achieve in life.
25. Don‟ t scold that kid.
Answers
1. Let me find out what he has. eq>s irk yxkus nks fd mlds ikl D;k gSA
2. Sometimes try to visit him. dHkh&dHkh mlds ;gk¡ tkus dh dksf‛k‛k djksA
3. He dropped in to my place. oks esjs ;gk¡ Vid x;k@vk;kA
4. Always be nice to people. ges‛kk yksxksa ds fy, vPNs cuksA
5. Don‟t do it. You will repent sooner or later. ,slk er djksA rqe vkt ugha rks dy iNrkvksxsA
6. Kindly do the needful. ÑIk;k ;s dj nhft,A
7. Don‟ t lisp. er rqrykvksA
8. Do it because you are good at it. ;s djks D;ksafd rqe ;s djus esa vPNs gksA
9. Teach them something. mUgsa dqN i<+kvksA
10. Look at me. eq>s ns[kksA
11. Have a look at it. bls ns[kksA
12. Have something. dqN yks@dqN [kkyksA
209
13. Have a look at this page. bl ist dks ns[kksA
14. Get off the car. dkj ls mrjksA
15. Always behave like a literate. ges‛kk i<+s fy[ks bUlku tSlk O;ogkj djksA
16. Don‟ t misbehave with anyone. fdlh ds lkFk xyr O;ogkj er djksA
17. Don‟ t defame me. eq>s cnuke er djksA
18. Never give up. dHkh gkj er ekuksA
19. Switch on the mobile after a while. FkksM+h nsj esa eksckby vkWu dj nsukA
20. Put on new clothes and take off the old ones. u;s diM+s iguks] iqjkus diM+s mrkj nksA
21. Be my friend. esjs nksLr cuksA@esjs nksLr cus jgksA
22. Don‟ t befool me. eq>s csodwQ er cukvksA
23. Remind me of it tomorrow. eq>s dy bldh ;kn fnykuk A
24. Love your real ones. viuksa dks I;kj djksA
25. Don‟ t scold that kid. ml cPps dks er Mk¡VksA
26. Bear the charges yourself. [kPkkZ vius vki mBkvksA
27. Don‟ t watch such movies. ,slh fQYesa er ns[kk djksA
28. Repair it as soon as possible. ftruh tYnh gks lds bls fjis;j@Bhd dj nksA
29. Let me purchase something for her. eq>s mlds fy, dqN [kjhnus nksA
30. Let me tell you something. eq>s rqEgsa dqN crkus nksA
31. Be regular in gym. fte ges‛kk tkvksA
32. Always believe in your abilities. ges‛kk viuh dkfcfy;r is fo‛okl j[kksA
33. Kindly help the poor. ÑIk;k xjhcksa dh enn djksA
34. Don‟ t rip off the people. yksxksa dks er ywVksA
35. Do good deed. vPNs deZ djksA
36. Let his father come. mlds firk dks vkus nksA
37. Come and play with us. vkvks gekjs lkFk [ksyks A
38. Go and meet him. tkvks mlls feyksA
39. Just do it, don‟ t think much. cl dj nks] T+;knk er lkspksA
40. Wash the utensils. crZu /kksvksA
41. Hang this poster on the wall. bl iksLVj dks nhokj ij yVdk nksA
42. Keep on the right. nk;sa pyksA@nk;ha rjQ jgksA
43. Let go. tkus nksA
44. Let him try. mls dksf‛k‛k djus nksA
45. Count the stars. rkjs fxuksA
46. Kindly meet me today. Iyht+ vkt eq>ls feyksA
47. Have atleast one burger. de ls de ,d cxZj rks [kkvksA
48. Have a little food with me. esjs lkFk FkksM+k [kkuk [kk yksA
49. Have some water. FkksM+k ikuh ihyksA
50. Let God decide what we achieve in life. Hkxoku dks QSlyk djus nks fd gesa thou esa D;k feysA

You can tell a lie to others; not to yourself.
210
Lesson – 24
Let ¼djus nsuk½
“bu okD;ksa esa Subject dke dks djrk ugha cfYd djus nsrk gSA”
vxj eSa dgw¡ jke eq>s [ksyus nsrk gSSA ;gk¡ ij jke Subject gS ij oks [ksyus dk dke [kqn ugha dj jgk cfYd eq>s
djus ns jgk gSA
vxj eSa dgw¡ vatfy vfojr dks i<+us nsrh gSA ;gk¡ ij vatfy Subject gS ij vatfy i<+us dk dke [kqn ugha dj jgh
cfYd djus ns jgh gS vfojr dksA
vc vki le÷k x;s gksaxs fd ;s ckr lkQ gS fd bu okD;ksa esa Subject dke dks djrk ugha cfYd djus nsrk gSA
ij /;ku nsus okyh ckr ;g gS fd Þdjus nsukÞ Hkh [kqn esa ,d fØ;k gS vkSj bl fØ;k dks „Let‟ dgrs gSaA
bl fØ;k „Let‟ dh rhu forms „Let‟ gh gSa & Let Let Let
vxj eSa dgw¡ rqe jke dks tkus nsrs gksA rks bldk eryc gqvk fd rqe jke dks ,d dke djus nsrs gks vkSj dke gS
ÞtkukÞA
bu okD;ksa esa tks Hkh dke djus fn;k tkrk gS pkgs oks [ksyus dk gks] i<+us dk gks ;k dksbZ vkSj dke] oks Object ds
ckn iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gS vkSj Let dk iz;ksx eq[; fØ;k dh rjg fd;k tkrk gSA
,d ckr vkSj le>sa %

vxj eSa dgw¡ Þjke tkrk gSÞ rks ;gk¡ ij Subject gS jke vkSj fØ;k gS tkukA
ij vxj eSa dgw¡ Þjke tkus nsrk gSÞ rks ;gk¡ ij nks fØ;k,sa gSa & izFke(first) fØ;k gS Þdjus nsukÞ vkSj nwljh(second)
fØ;k gS ÞtkukÞA izFke(first) fØ;k Þdjus nsukÞ rks eq[; fØ;k dh rjg iz;ksx esa vk;sxh ysfdu nwljh(second) fØ;k
ÞtkukÞ dks object ds ckn iz;ksx fd;k tk;sxkA
mnkgj k (Example)%
1- eSa rqEgsa lksus nsrk gw¡A ¼;gk¡ ij izeq[k fØ;k ÞlksukÞ ugha cfYd Þdjus nsukÞ gSA½
Subject: eSa (I)

Verb: djus nsuk (Let)
Tense: Present Indefinite (Rule: Sub + Verb 1st + (s, es) + obj.)
I let you sleep.
2- jke eq>s lksus nsrk gSA ¼;gk¡ ij izeq[k fØ;k ÞlksukÞ ugha cfYd Þdjus nsukÞ gSA½
Subject: jke (Ram)

Tense: Present Indefinite (Rule: Sub + Verb 1st + (s, es) + obj.)
Ram lets me sleep.
211
3- ikik us eq>s tkus fn;kA ¼;gk¡ ij izeq[k fØ;k ÞtkukÞ ugha cfYd Þdjus nsukÞ gSA½
Subject: ikik (Dad)

Tense: Past Indefinite (Rule: Sub + Verb 2nd + obj.)
Dad let me go.
4- eSa rqEgsa fdrkc i<+us nw¡xkA ¼;gk¡ ij izeq[k fØ;k Þi<+ukÞ ugha cfYd Þdjus nsukÞ gSA½
Subject: eSa (I)
Tense: Future Indefinite (Rule: Sub + Will + Verb 1st + obj.)
I will let you read the book.
uhps fn;s x;s okD;ksa dks lef÷k, &

Understand the sentences given below –
fgUnh okD; English Sentence Subject Tense/Modal Main Verb Another Verb
jke tkrk gSA Ram goes. Ram Present Indefinite Go -

jke tkus nsrk gSA Ram lets go. Ram Present Indefinite Let Go
jke eq÷ks tkus nsrk gSA Ram lets me go. Ram Present Indefinite Let Go
jke us rqEgsa tkus fn;kA Ram let you go. Ram Past Indefinite Let Go
jke ugha tk jgk gSA Ram is not going. Ram Present Continuous Go -
jke ugha tkus ns jgk gSA Ram is not letting go. Ram Present Continuous Let Go
eSaus fdrkc yhA I took the book. I Past Indefinite Take -
eSaus fdrkc ysus nhA I let take the book. I Past Indefinite Let Take
eSaus jke dks fdrkc ysus nhA I let Ram take the book. I Past Indefinite Let Take
eSa jke ls feyw¡xkA I will meet Ram. I Future Indefinite Meet -
eSa jke ls feyus nw¡xkA I will let meet Ram. I Future Indefinite Let Meet
eSa rqEgsa jke ls feyus nw¡xkA I will let you meet Ram. I Future Indefinite Let Meet
D;k rqe eq÷ks tkus nksxsA Will you let me go? You Future Indefinite Let Go
eSa tk ldrk gw¡A I can go. I Modal(can) Go -
eSa tkus ns ldrk gw¡A I can let go. I Modal(can) Let Go
eSa rqEgsa tkus ns ldrk gw¡A I can let you go. I Modal(can) Let Go
1. Try to learn something about everything and everything about something.

2. Good people don‟t need laws to tell them to act responsibly, while bad people will find a
way around the laws.
3. Never interrupt your enemy when he is making a mistake. (Napoleon Bonaparte)
4. Nothing in the world is more dangerous than sincere ignorance and conscientious stupidity.
212
Let – Practice Exercise
1- jke eq>s lksus ugha nsrk A 49- rqe eq>s ‚kk;n u tkus nksA
2- rqe eq>s lksus nsrs gks A 50- oks iDdk eq>s tkus nsxk A
3- cPps eq>s i<+us ugha nsrs A 51- Hkxoku vkt ckfj‛k gksus nsaxs A
4- cPps i<+us ugha nsrsA 52- dksbZ eq>s i<+us ugha nsrk A
5- D;k jke rqEgsa tkus nsrk gS \ 53- eSa rqEgsa ckt+kj tkus ns jgk gw¡A
6- mls tkus D;ksa ugha fn;k rqeus \ 54- ge lc mls thus ugha nsrs A
7- eSa mls esjs ?kj vkus nw¡xk A 55- eq>s cxZj D;ksa ugha [kkus nsrs rqe \
8- eSa i<+us ugha nw¡xk A 56- oks esjk nksLr gS blfy, eSa mls xyr ugha djus nsrkA
9- eSa rqEgsa i<+us ugha nw¡xk A 57- ikik eq>s 18 lky ls igys dkj ugha pykus nsaxs A
10- eSa fdlh dks Hkh i<+us ugha nw¡xk A 58- rqe gesa tkus nks A
11- eSa gj fdlh dks i<+us nw¡xk A 59- eSa rqEgsa tkus D;ksa nw¡ \
12- jke ‚;ke dks vkus nsxk A 60- mlus eq>s dHkh jksus ugha fn;k A
13- mlus eq>s dqN ugha djus fn;k A 61- rqeus eq>s dHkh g¡lus ugha fn;k A
14- rqeus eq>s [kkus ugha fn;k A 62- rqe u lksrss gks u eq>s lksus nsrs gks A
15- ljdkj us gesa fcfYMax ugha cukus nh A 63- ;k rks eq>s tkus nks ;k fQj rqe tkvks A
16- ek¡ us cPps dks fiVus ugha fn;k A 64- eSaus ml fnu mls Qksu ugha djus fn;k A
17- eEeh eq>s Vh- oh- ns[kus nsrh gSA 18- 65- eSaus Hkh vkus ugha fn;k A
eEeh eq>s Vh- oh- ugha ns[kus nsrh A 66- rqeus eq>s lkspus rd ugha fn;k A
19- D;k rqe eq>s tkus nksxs vxj eSa rqEgsa 10 :0 nw¡ rks A 67- oks eq>s Hkh lksus ugha nsrk A
20- ikik lkspus ugha nsrs vkSj fQj Mk¡Vrs gaSA 68- eSa u rqEgsa [ksyus nw¡xk u Vh- oh- ns[kus nw¡xkA
21- eSa rqEgsa xkus lquus nw¡xk ij igys iSls nksA 69- ge rqEgsa ,d lsd M Hkh lkspus ugha nsaxs A
22- oks gesa ?kj esa ugha ?kqlus nsxk A 70- eSa rqEgsa feBkbZ [kkus nw¡xk ij rc tc rqe eq>s Hkh nksA
23- ikik gesa isM+ ij ugha p<+us nsrs A 71- eSMe us Dykl esa flQZ eq>s cSBus fn;kA
24- cPps eEeh ikik dks lksus ugha nsaxs A 72- oks jke dks thus ugha nsrk vkSj rqe mls ejus ugha nsrs A
25- eSa rqEgsa iSu ls fy[kus ugha ns ldrkA 73- eSa rqEgsa ,Dljlkbt+ ugha djus nwaxkA
26- eaS rqEgsa vke rksM+us nw¡xkA 74- eEeh vkSj ikik gesa [ksyus nsaxs A
27- ml yM+ds us eq>s ogk¡ [ksyus ugha fn;k A 75- D;k vki esjs HkkbZ dks tkus nksxs\
28- bl vkneh us jke dks ;gk¡ cSBus ugha fn;k A 76- jkgqy us eq>s dksbZ Hkh dke dHkh vdsys ugha djus fn;kA
29- eSa rqEgsa ;s ugha djus nw¡xkA 77- oks ge cPpksa dks eksckby ugha NsM+us nsrs gSaA
30- oks vDlj eq>s tkus nsrk gSA 78- ckWl eq÷ks lkspus rd ugha nsrs A
31- ge dHkh&dHkh mls [ksyus nsrs Fks A 79- eS lkspus D;ksa nw¡ \
32- ikik eq>s Ldwy tkus ugha nsrs A 80- jke mls D;ksa tkus ns \
33- esjk vdsykiu eq>s thus ugha nsxk A 81- eEeh eq>s i<+us t+:j nsxh A
34- eSa rqEgkjs nq[k dks c<+us ugha nw¡xk A 82- oks eq>s i<+us nsrk gS A
35- mlus eq>s dkj ugha pykus nh A 83- ;gk¡ yksx eq>s pSu ls thus ugha nsrsA
36- mlus eq>s ckbd ugha pykus nh A 84- cPps i<+us ugha nsrsA
37- mlus eq>s eksckby ugha [kjhnus fn;k A 85- D;k mlus rqEgsa vkus fn;k \
38- mlus eq>s dEI;wVj ugha pykus fn;k A 86- gesa D;ksa ugh cksyus fn;k rqeus \
39- mlus eq>s ikuh ugha ihus fn;k A 87- jke us lhrk dks t+gj D;ksa [kkus fn;k \
40- mlus eq>s [kkuk ugha [kkus fn;k A 88- ljdkj gesa viuh ckr ugha dgus nsrhA
41- D;k rqeus mls cSBus fn;k \ 89- eSa rqEgsa ml cPps dks ugha ihVus nw¡xk A
42- D;k mlus eq>s Qksu djus fn;k \ 90- jke rqEgsa dHkh thrus ugha nsxk A
43- rqeus mls tkus D;ksa fn;k \ 91- lhrk dk HkkbZ eq>s vius ?kj esa ugha ?kqlus nsrk A
44- rqeus mls [ksyus D;ksa fn;k \ 92- D;k rqe eq>s feyus nksxs \
45- mldh eEeh us mls ?kj ls fudyus ugha fn;kA 93- jke mls tkus ugha nsrkA
46- oks xjhc Fkk blfy, yksxkas us mls thus ugha fn;k A 94- yksx mls eq>ls feyus ugha nsrsA
47- D;k rqe eq>s pSu ls thus ns ldrs gksA 95- esjs ikik eq>s vkus ugha nsrsA
48- oks jke dks yM+us nsxh A 96- lhrk jke dks ogk¡ tkus D;ksa ugha nsrh\
213
Answers
1. Ram doesn‟t let me sleep. 48. She will let Ram fight.
2. You don‟t let me sleep. 49. You might not let me go.
3. Children don‟t let me study. 50. He must let me go./ He‟ll definitely let me go.
4. Children don‟t let study. 51. God will let it rain today.
5. Does Ram let you go? 52. Nobody lets me study.
6. Why did you not let him go? 53. I am letting you go to market.
7. I will let him come my home. 54. We all don‟t let him live.
8. I will not let study. 55. Why do you not let me eat Burger?
9. I will not let you study. 56. He is my friend hence I don‟t let him do wrong.
10. I will not let anybody study. 57. Dad will not let me drive the car before 18.
11. I will let everyone study. 58. You let us go.
12. Ram will let Shyam come. 59. Why do I let you go?
13. He didn‟t let me do anything. 60. He never let me cry.
14. You didn‟t let me eat. 61. You never let me laugh.
15. Government didn‟t let us construct a building. 62. You neither sleep nor let me sleep.
16. Mom didn‟t let child be beaten. 63. Either you let me go or you go.
17. Mom lets me watch the TV. 64. I didn‟t let him call/phone that day.
18. Mom doesn‟t let me watch the TV. 65. Even I didn‟t let come.
19. Will you let me go if I give you Rs 10? 66. You didn‟t even let me think.
20. Dad doesn‟t let think and then scolds. 67. He doesn‟t let me sleep either.
21. I will let you listen to songs but first, you give 68. I‟ll neither let you play nor watch TV.
me money. 69. We‟ll not let you think even for a second.
22. He‟ll not let us enter the house. 70. I‟ll let you eat sweets provided you give me too.
23. Dad doesn‟t let us climb upon the tree. 71. Madam let only me sit in the class.
24. Children will not let mom and dad sleep. 72. He doesn‟t let Ram live & you don‟t let him die.
25. I can‟t let you write with a pen. 73. I‟ll not let you exercise.
26. I‟ll let you pluck the mangoes. 74. Mom and dad will let us play.
27. That boy didn‟t let me play there. 75. Will you let my brother?
28. This man didn‟t let Ram sit here. 76. Rahul never let me do any work alone.
29. I will not let you do this. 77. He doesn‟t let we kids touch his mobile.
30. He often lets me go. 78. Boss doesn‟t even let me think.
31. We used to sometimes let him play. 79. Why do I let think?
32. Dad doesn‟t let me go to school. 80. Who does Ram let him go?
33. My loneliness won‟t let me live. 81. Mom must let me study.
34. I‟ll not let your pain increase. 82. He lets me study.
35. He didn‟t let me drive the car. 83. People here don‟t let me live peacefully.
36. He didn‟t let me ride the bike. 84. Children don‟t let study.
37. He didn‟t let me purchase the mobile. 85. Did he let you come?
38. He didn‟t let me operate the computer. 86. Why did you not let us speak?
39. He didn‟t let me drink water. 87. Why did Ram let Seeta eat poison?
40. He didn‟t let me eat the food. 88. Government doesn‟t let us say what we want.
41. Did you let him sit? 89. I will not let you beat that child.
42. Did he let me call/phone/ring? 90. Ram will never let you win.
43. Why did you let him go? 91. Seeta‟s brother doesn‟t let me enter his home.
44. Why did you let him play? 92. Will you let me meet?
45. His mother didn‟t let him go out of home. 93. Ram doesn‟t let him go.
46. He was poor that‟s why people didn‟t let him 94. People don‟t let him meet me.
live. 95. My father doesn‟t let me come.
47. Can you let me live peacefully? 96. Why does Seeta not let Ram go there?
214
Let – Test Papers
Test – I
1. I will let him meet her.

2. They don‟ t let you work.
3. She doesn‟ t let you write.
4. Dad wasn‟ t letting me go.
5. Will you please let us play?
6. I will let you take this book provided you give money.
7. Then, I might let you go there.
8. Dad doesn‟ t let me sing.
9. I will not let you do this.
10. Why did you let me go?
11. You never let us go.
12. I will not let you beat my brother.
13. They will never let you win.
14. You didn‟ t let him study that‟ s why he failed.
15. Government can never let us do this.
16. Mom didn‟ t let dad scold me.
17. Mom lets me eat whatever I want.
18. You didn‟ t even let us talk.
19. Ram doesn‟ t let me go either.
20. I‟ ll neither let you write nor read.
21. We‟ ll not let you enter even once.
22. I‟ ll let you purchase provided you don‟ t tell you dad.
23. She lets only Ram eat in the class.
24. He doesn‟ t let me eat.
25. Let me go with people.
26. Ram will never let you earn profit.
27. Why did he let me do this?
28. He doesn‟ t let go.
29. Either you do yourself or let me do.
30. My financial problem doesn‟ t let me do business.
1. To succeed in your mission, you must have single-minded devotion to your goal.
2. To live a creative life, we must lose our fear of being wrong.
3. When I dare to be powerful - to use my strength in the service of my vision, then it

becomes less and less important whether I am afraid.
215
Answers
1. I will let him meet her. eSa mls mlls feyus nw¡xkA
2. They don‟ t let you work. os rqEgsa dke ugha djus nsrsA
3. She doesn‟ t let you write. oks rqEgsa fy[kus ugha nsrh A
4. Dad wasn‟ t letting me go. ikik eq>s tkus ugha ns jgs FksA
5. Will you please let us play? D;k rqe Iyht+ gesa [ksyus nksxs \
6. I will let you take this book provided you give money. eSa rqEgsa ;s fdrkc ysus nw¡xk c‛krZsa rqe iSls ns nksA
7. Then, I might let you go there. rc ‚kk;n eSa rqEgsa ogk¡ tkus nw¡A
8. Dad doesn‟ t let me sing. ikik eq>s xkus ugha nsrsA
9. I will not let you do this. eSa rqEgsa ;s ugha djus nw¡xk A
10. Why did you let me go? rqeus eq>s tkus D;ksa fn;k \
11. You never let us go. rqe gesa dHkh tkus ugha nsrsA@rqeus gesa dHkh
tkus ugha fn;kA
12. I will not let you beat my brother. eSa rqEgsa vius HkkbZ dks ihVus ugha nw¡xk A
13. They will never let you win. os rqEgsa dHkh thrus ugha nsaxsA
14. You didn‟t let him study that‟s why he failed. rqeus mls i<+us ugha fn;k blfy, oks Qsy gks
x;k A
15. Government can never let us do this. ljdkj gesa ;s dHkh ugha djus ns ldrh A
16. Mom didn‟ t let dad scold me. eEeh us ikik dks eq÷ks Mk¡Vus ugha fn;k A
17. Mom lets me eat whatever I want. eEeh eq>s [kkus nsrh gS tks dqN eSa pkgrk gw¡A
18. You didn‟ t even let us talk. rqeus gesa ckr rd ugha djus nhA
19. Ram doesn‟ t let me go either. jke Hkh eq>s tkus ugha nsrk A
20. I‟ ll neither let you write nor read. u eSa rqEgsa fy[kus nw¡xk u i<+us A
21. We‟ ll not let you enter even once. ge rqEgsas ,d ckj Hkh ugha ?kqlus nsaxsA
22. I‟ll let you purchase, provided you don‟t tell dad. eaS rqEgsa [kjhnus nw¡xk ij rc tc rqe ikik dks u
crkvksA
23. She lets only Ram eat in the class. oks Dykl esa dsoy jke dks [kkus nsrh gSA
24. He doesn‟ t let me eat. Okks eq>s [kkuss ugha nsrk A
25. Let me go with people. eq>s yksxksa ds lkFk tkus nks A
26. Ram will never let you earn profit. jke vkidks equkQk dHkh ugha dekus nsxk A
27. Why did he let me do this? mlus eq>s ;s D;ksa djus fn;k \
28. He doesn‟ t let go. oks tkus ugha nsrk A
29. Either you do yourself or let me do. ;k rks rqe [kqn djks ;k eq>s djus nksA
30. My financial problem doesn‟t let me do business. Eksjh vkfFkZd ijs‛kkuh eq>s O;olk; ugha djus
nsrhA
1. If you want to lift yourself up, lift up someone else.
2. If you look at what you have in life, you‟ ll always have more. If you look at
what you don‟ t have in life, you‟ ll never have enough. –Oprah Winfrey
3. If you don‟ t go after what you want, you will never have it.
216
Test – II
1- jkgqy us fdlh dks Hkh mldh yk‛k dks Nqus ugha fn;k A
2- esjs viuksa us dHkh eq>s ;s eglwl ugha gksus fn;k fd eSa vdsyk gw¡A
3- mlus rqEgsa eq>ls D;ksa ugha feyus fn;k \
4- oDr us dHkh eq>s bl ckjs esa lkspus ughaa fn;k A
5- ikik eq>s dkj ughaa [kjhnus nsaxsA
6- eSa oknk djrk gww¡] eSa vius thrs th rqEgsa dHkh jksus ugha nw¡xkA
7- ge lc mls tkus ugha nsaxsA
8- gesa cPpksa dks [ksyus nsuk pkfg,A
9- gesa ogk¡ tkus nksA
10- eq>s ;s dgus nks A
11- mls jkgqy ds lkFk fcYdqy er tkus nksA
12- eq>s ?kM+h ns[kus nksA
13- ekekth dks ?kj okil vkus nks] rc ckr djsaxsA
14- yksaxks dks tks dguk gS] dgus nksA
15- jkr dks xqt+j tkus nksA
16- lHkh dks vk tkus nksA
17- ,d ckj esjs lius dks lp gks tkus nksA
18- eq>s ml yM+dh ls ‚kknh djus nksA
19- gesa mlds ?kj tkus nksA
20- eq>s dEI;wVj lh[k ysus nksA
21- cPpksa dks vk tkus nksA
22- ikik dks vkWfQl pys tkus nksA fQj ge [ksysaxsA
23- eq>s mlls fey ysus nksA
24- mUgsa rS;kj gks tkus nksA
25- eSaus rqEgsa ml fnu vkus ugha fn;kA eq>s csgn vQlksl gSA
26- ckYVh esa ikuh Hkjus nksA
27- ckYVh dks iwjk Hkjus nksA
28- tks gksrk gS] gksus nks A
29- ;kf=;ksa dks ogk¡ igq¡pus rks nksA
30- esjh ckr iwjh gksus nks] fQj rqe viuh ckr j[kukA
1. A man can be as great as he wants to be. If you believe in yourself and have
the courage, the determination, the dedication, the competitive drive and if
you are willing to sacrifice the little things in life and pay the price for the
things that are worthwhile, it can be done.
2. Always have dreams, because there is no achievement without a dream and

an action to materialize the dream.
3. People will always doubt your success but it‟ s not about them, it‟ s all about
you; what you dream, what you plan, what you put in & what you believe.
217
Answers
1- jkgqy us fdlh dks Hkh mldh yk‛k dks Nqus ugha fn;kA Rahul didn‟ t let anyone touch his dead
body.
2- esjs viuksa us dHkh eq>s ;s eglwl ugha gksus fn;k fd eSa vdsyk gw¡A My real ones never let me feel that I was
alone.
3- mlus rqEgsa eq>ls D;ksa ugha feyus fn;k \ Why didn‟ t he let you meet me?
4- oDr us dHkh eq>s bl ckjs esa lkspus ughaa fn;k A Time never let me think about it.
5- ikik eq>s dkj ughaa [kjhnus nsaxsA Dad will not let me purchase a car.
6- eSa oknk djrk gww¡] eSa vius thrs th rqEgsa dHkh jksus ugha nw¡xk I promise that I will never let you weep till I
live.
7- ge lc mls tkus ugha nsaxsA We all won‟ t let him go.
8- gesa cPpksa dks [ksyus nsuk pkfg,A We should let children play.
9- gesa ogk¡ tkus nksA Let us go there.
10- eq>s ;s dgus nks A Let me say this.
11- mls jkgqy ds lkFk fcYdqy er tkus nksA Don‟ t ever let him go with Rahul.
12- eq>s ?kM+h ns[kus nksA Let me see the watch.
13- ekekth dks ?kj okil vkus nks] rc ckr djsaxsA Let Maternal uncle return, then we‟ll talk.
14- yksxksa dks tks dguk gS] dgus nksA Let people say whatever they want to.
15- jkr dks xqt+j tkus nksA Let the night passby.
16- lHkh dks vk tkus nksA Let everyone come.
17- ,d ckj esjs lius dks lp gks tkus nksA Let my dream come true once.
18- eq>s ml yM+dh ls ‚kknh djus nksA Let me marry that girl.
19- gesa mlds ?kj tkus nksA Let us go his home.
20- eq>s dEI;wVj lh[k ysus nksA Let me learn computer.
21- cPpksa dks vk tkus nksA Let children come.
22- ikik dks vkWfQl pys tkus nksA fQj ge [ksysaxsA Let Dad go to office. Then we‟ ll play.
23- eq>s mlls fey ysus nksA Let me meet him/her.
24- mUgsa rS;kj gks tkus nksA Let them get ready.
25- eSaus rqEgsa ml fnu vkus ugha fn;kA eq>s csgn vQlksl gSA I didn‟t let you come that day. I am so sorry.
26- ckYVh esa ikuh Hkjus nksA Let bucket be filled.
27- ckYVh dks iwjk Hkjus nksA Let bucket be fully filled.
28- tks gksrk gS] gksus nks A Let happen, whatever happens.
29- ;kf=;ksa dks ogk¡ igq¡pus rks nksA Let passenger reach there at least.
30- esjh ckr iwjh gksus nks] fQj rqe viuh ckr j[kukA Let me complete, then you lay/put your
point.
1. The measure of who we are is what we do with what we have.
2. You can avoid reality but you can never avoid the consequences of avoiding reality.
3. I can write better than anybody who can write faster, and I can write faster than anybody
who can write better.
218
Lesson – 25
Causative Verbs (Get & Make)
“Causative Verbs dk iz;ksx rc fd;k tkrk gS tc Subject dke dks djrk ugha cfYd djokrk gSA
vFkkZr fdlh rhljs O;fDr ds ek/;e lsA”
;w¡ rks „Get‟ dk eryc gksrk gS ikuk vkSj „Make‟ dk eryc gksrk gS cukuk ij „Get‟ vkSj „Make‟
Causative Verbs Hkh dgykrh gSaA
“Causative Verbs are used when the subject doesn‟ t perform the action
(verb) himself but get it done by a third person.”
There are two causative verbs in English; Get & Make.
vxj eSa dgw¡ *jke us eq>s fHktok;k*] ;gk¡ ij jke Subject gSA jke eq>s Hkst ugha jgk cfYd fHktok jgk gSA *Hkstus*
dk dke dksbZ vkSj dj jgk gSA bl rjg ds okD;ksa esa eq[; fØ;k (main verb) „Get‟ ;k „Make‟ gksxh ij ;s
tkuuk csgn t+#jh gS fd ‟Get‟ dgk¡ ij yxsxk vkSj „Make‟ dgk¡ ijA
Normal Case Causative Case

eSaus fd;k A eSaus djok;k A
jke us HkstkA jke us fHktok;kA
cPpk i<+rk gSA cPpk i<+okrk gSA
eSaus i= fy[kkA eSaus i= fy[kok;kA
rqeus cqyk;k FkkA rqeus cqyok;k FkkA
eSaus dkj ltk;hA eSaus dkj ltok;hA
oks Hkst ldrk gSA oks fHktok ldrk gSA
Get
„Get‟ dk iz;ksx futhZo phtksa ds lkFk gksxkA („Get‟ will be used with non living)
Concept :-
jke us i= fy[kok;kA ;gk¡ ij i= futhZo (non living) gSA blfy, „Get‟ dk iz;ksx Main Verb dh rjg
gksxkA nwljh Main Verb *fy[kuk* ;kfu „Write‟ gS ftldh 3rd form iz;ksx gksxhA ;kn j[ksa Get okys okD;ksa esa
nwljh Main Verb tks Hkh gks mldh 3rd Form gh yxrh gSA
Example:
1- jke i= fy[kokrk gSA Ram gets the letter written.
2- eSa i= fy[kokrk gw¡A I get the letter written.
3- jke i= fy[kok jgk gSA Ram is getting the letter written.
4- jke i= fy[kok pqdk gSA Ram has got the letter written.
5- jke us i= fy[kok;k A Ram got the letter written.
6- jke i= fy[kok jgk FkkA Ram was getting the letter written.
7- jke i= fy[kok pqdk FkkA Ram had got the letter written.
219
8- jke i= fy[kok;sxkA Ram will get the letter written.
9- jke i= fy[kok ldrk gSA Ram can get the letter written.
10- jke dks i= fy[kokuk pkfg,A Ram should get the letter written.
Make
„Make‟ dk iz;ksx ltho ds lkFk gksxkA („make‟ will be used with living being)
Concept :-
jke us eq>ls fy[kok;kA ;gk¡ ij eSa ltho (living being) g¡Aw blfy, „Make‟ dk iz;ksx Main Verb dh rjg
gksxkA nwljh Main Verb *fy[kuk* ;kfu „Write‟ gS ftldh 1st form iz;ksx gksxhA ;kn j[ksa Make okys okD;ksa esa
nwljh Main Verb tks Hkh gks mldh 1st Form gh yxrh gSA vkSj nwljh ckr ;s fd nwljh Main Verb oks gksrh gS
tks subject ugha cfYd object djrk gSA vxj eSa dgw¡ fd Þjke us eq>s fHktok;kÞA ;gk¡ ij subject gS jke object g¡w
eSaA eSaus D;k dke fd;k Þtkus dkÞA blfy, nwljh Main Verb „send‟ ugha cfYd „go‟ gSA
Example:
1- jke eq>ls fy[kokrk gSA Ram makes me write.
2- eSa rqels fy[kokrk gw¡A I make you write.
3- rqe eq>s fHktokrs gksA You make me go.
4- lhrk gels fdrkc i<+ok jgh gSA Seeta is making us read the book.
5- rqe eq>ls iSls [kPkZ djokvksxsA You will make me spend the money.
6- eSa jke dks rqels fiVok ¡xkA I will make you beat Ram. ¼ihVus dk dke rqe djksxs½
7- eSa jke lss rqEgsa fiVok ¡xkA I will make Ram beat you. ¼ihVus dk dke jke djsxk½
8- eSa rqels fiVok ¡xkA I will make you beat. ¼ihVus dk dke rqe djksxs½
9- eSa rqEgsa fiVok ¡xkA I will make you be beaten.
¼ihVus dk ugha cfYd fiVus dk dke rqe djksxs ;kfu rqe fiVksxs½
/;ku jgs fd fdlh dks ihVus dks beat dgrs gSa ij fdlh ls fiVus dks be beaten dgrs gSaA
FkksM+k vkSj lef>, (Let‟ s understand a bit more)

1- eSa fy[kw¡xkA I will write.
2- eSa fy[kok ¡xkA I will make write.
3- eSa rqels fy[kok ¡xkA I will make you write.
4- eSa rqels i«k fy[kok ¡xkA I will make you write a letter. / I will get the letter
written by you.
5- eSa i«k fy[kok ¡xkA I will get the letter written.
4th sentence esa „Get‟ vkSj „Make‟ nksuksa esa ls dksbZ lk Hkh iz;ksx dj ldrs gSa D;ksafd blesa living(rqels) vkSj
non living(i«k) nksuksa gSaA
dqN egRoiw kZ (Something Important)

„smile‟ , „laugh‟ , „cry‟ , „weep‟ , „understand‟ , „happy‟ , „sad‟ ds lkFk ges‛kk „Make‟ dk iz;ksx gksrk gSA1-
eSa rqEgsa [kq‛k d#¡xkA I will make you happy.
2- eSa rqEgsa g¡lk ¡xkA I will make you smile/laugh.
3- eSa rqEgsa #yk ¡xkA I will make you weep/cry.
4- eSa rqEgsa nq[k nw¡xkA I will make you sad. / I will hurt you.
5- eSa rqEgsa le>k ¡xkA I will make you understand.
220
Causative Verbs (Get & Make) – Practice Exercise
1- oks eq>ls fy[kokrk gSA 41- mlus rqels fdls dkWy djokbZ \
2- oks eq>s fHktokrk gSA 42- mlus ;s iSu rqEgsa dSls fnyok;k \
3- oks eq>s fHktokrk gS tgk¡ eSa okLro esa tkuk ugha 43- rqEgkjs I;kj us eq>s eglwl djok;kA
pkgrkA 44- rqeus eq÷ks I;kj dh dher le÷kk;hA
4- oks eq>ls dke djokrh gSA 45- rqEgkjs Hkk"k k us eq>s izsfjr fd;kA
5- oks eq>ls i= fy[kokrh gSA 46- rqe jke dks mlls ugha fiVok ldrsA
6- oks eq>s fHktok jgh gSA 47- rqe jke ls mls ugha fiVok ldrs A
7- oks eq>s csodwQ cuk jgh gSA 48- eSa rqEgsa le>k ugha ldrkA
8- mlus eq>s le>k;k A 49- eSaus rqels ckYVh HkjokbZA
9- eSa rqels dke djok ¡xk A 10- 50- mlus rqels iSls D;ksa [kpZ djok;s \
eSa mls fHktok pqdk gks ¡xk A 11- 51- eSa D;k djokrk gw¡ \
rqe eq>s mlls yM+ok jgs gksA 52- yksx tcjnLrh rqEgsa ogk¡ fHktok;saxs A
12- rqe eq>s eglwl djok jgh gks fd rqe eq>s I;kj ugha 53- eSa dsoy mlls gh fdrkc i<+ok ¡xkA
djrh cfYd esjs iSls ls I;kj djrh gksA 54- jke rqels ;s dke djok;sxkA
13- cPps eq>s csodwQ cuk jgs gSaA 55- eSa cky dVokus tk pqdk FkkA
14- esjk I;kj eq>s :yk jgk gSA 56- rqeus cky dgk¡ ls dVok;s \
15- rqe gesa g¡lkrs FksA 57- eq>s ;s dke djokuk gSA
16- eSa rqEgsa tkus ns ldrk FkkA 58- jke eq>ls dke djok ldrk FkkA
17- jke ;s fdlh ls Hkh djok ldrs gSaA 59- ge jke ls xkuk xok ldrs gSaA
18- eSa rqEgsa [kkus dks dqN fnyok ldrk gw¡A 60- oks eq>s fiVok;sxkA
19- jke eq>s ikuh fnyk ldrk gSA 61- eSa rqEgsa D;k le>k jgk gw¡ \
20- D;k rqe eq>s bXtS+e esa ikl djok ldrs gks \ 62- oks eq>ls vius 2 cSp i<+ok jgk gSA
21- eSa rqEgsa ikl djok ldrk gw¡A 63- geus mls ckgj fHktok;k A
22- iSlk rqEgsa I;kj ugha fnyok ldrkA 64- rqe ;s fdlls djokvksxs \
23- esjs ikik us eq>s eglwl djok;k fd iSlk cpkuk gh 65- tc dksbZ ugha vk;k] rc ikik us gels ;s djok;kA
lc dqN ugha gS cfYd gesa t+:jreanksa dh enn djuh 66- eSaus gj fdlh dks ml gksVy esa [kkuk f[kyok;k A
pkfg, A 67- rqeus eq>ls >wB cqyok;kA
24- le; eq>s esjh xyfr;ksa dk vglkl djok jgk gS tks 68- jke eq>s jkst+ :ykrk gSA
eSaus igys dh A 69- rqe dc rd ;s dke [kRe djok nksxs \
25- rqe gj fdlh dks [kq‛k ugha dj ldrsA 70- D;k rqe eq>s Mk¡l fl[kok ldrs gks \
26- ikik vkidks dkj ugha fnyok ldrs D;ksafd muds ikl 71- geus mls fHktok;k ij mlus ogk¡ dke ugha fd;kA
iSls fcYdqy ugha gSaA 72- Oks rqEgsa vesfjdk fHktok;saxs c‛krsZ rqe mUgsa lkfcr djks
27- eSa rqEkls ugha [kjhnok ldrkA fd rqe lcls vPNs gks A
28- D;k oks mls g¡lk ldk \ 73- Hkys gh vkt oks eq>ls dke djok;s ij Hkfo"; esa eSa
29- mls eq>s vglkl fnyokuk gksxk fd oks lcls vPNk mls lkfcr dj nw¡xk fd eSa okLro esa D;k gw¡A
gSA 74- ckWch us eq>s vPNk [kkuk f[kyk;k] tks mldh eEeh us
30- rqEgsa ;s dke djokuk iM+sxkA idk;k FkkA
31- oks eq>s cxZj f[kykrk gSA 75- rqeus eq>s dEI;wVj fl[kok;kA
32- oks eq>s vPNk [kkuk f[kykrk gSA 76- rqEgkjs I;kj us eq>s rqEgkjs ikl okil cqyk;kA
33- rqe eq>s vesfjdk dc fHktokvksxs \ 77- mlus gesa dksd fiykbZ@fiyokbZA
34- jke gesa ikuh fiyok jgk FkkA 78- jkgqy us gesa ,Dljlkbt+ djkbZ@djokbZA
35- ml cPps us gj fdlh dks g¡lk;k A 79- rqeus eq>s fiVok;kA
36- rqeus eq>s :yk;k@:yok;k gSA 80- rqeus mls eq>ls fiVok;kA
37- oks gkL; dkykdkj gSA oks yksxksa dks g¡lkrk gSA 81- jkgqy us mlls eq>s dqN iSls fnyok;s A
38- eSa rqels xok ugha ldrk D;ksafd rqEgkjh vkokt+ lqjhyh 82- eSaus cky dVok,A
ugha gSA 83- jkgqy ;gha ls cky dVokrk gSA
39- jkgqy eq>ls viuk gkseodZ djok;sxkA 84- D;k rqe cky dVokvksxs \
40- rqe mlls viuk gkseodZ D;ksa djokrs gks \ 85- eSa ;s dke dSls djok ldrk gw¡ \
221
Answers
1. He makes me write. 42. How did he get you this pen?
2. He makes me go. 43. Your love made me realize.
3. He makes me go where I really don‟t want to. 44. You made me understand the value of love.
4. She makes me work. 45. Your lecture motivated me.
5. She makes me write the letter./ She gets 46. You can‟ t make him beat Ram.
the letter written by me. 47. You can‟ t make Ram beat him.
6. She is making me go. 48. I can‟ t make you understand.
7. She is making me fool. 49. I made you fill the bucket.
8. She made me understand. 50. Why did he make you spend the money?
9. I will make you work. 51. What do I get done?
10. I will have made him go. 52. People will forcefully make you go there.
11. You are making me fight with him. 53. I will make only him read the book.
12. You are making me realize that you don‟t 54. Ram will make you do this work.
love me, rather you love my money. 55. I had gone to get the hair cut.
13. Children are making me fool. 56. From where did you get the hair cut?
14. My love is making me cry. 57. I have to get this work done.
15. You used to make us laugh. 58. Ram could have got the work done by me.
16. I could have let you go. 59. We can make Ram sing the song.
17. Ram can get it done by anyone. 60. He will make me be beaten.
18. I can get you something to eat. 61. What am I making you understand?
19. Ram can get me water. 62. He is making me teach his 2 batches.
20. Can you make me pass the exam? 63. We made him go out.
21. I can make you pass. 64. From whom will you get this done?
22. Money can‟ t get you love. 65. When nobody came, then Dad made us do it.
23. My dad made me realize that saving money 66. I made everyone eat the food in that hotel.
is not everything; rather we should help 67. You made me tell a lie.
needy people. 68. Ram makes me cry every day.
24. Time is making me realize my mistakes
69. Until when will you get this work finished?
that I made in past. 70. Can you make me learn dance?
25. You can‟ t make everyone happy. 71. We made him go but he didn‟ t work there.
26. Dad can‟ t get you a car as he doesn‟ t have 72. They will make you go America provided
money at all. you prove them to be the best.
73. Even if he makes me work for him today, but in
27. I can‟t make you purchase.
future I will show him what actually I am.
28. Could he make her laugh?
74. Bobby made me eat the delicious food,
29. He will have to make me realize, he is the
best. which his mom had cooked.
75. You made me learn computer.
30. You will have to get this work done.
76. Your love made me come back to you.
31. He makes me eat Burger.
77. He made us drink coke.
32. He makes me eat good food.
78. Rahul made us exercise.
33. When will you make me go America?
79. You made me be beaten.
34. Ram was making us drink water.
80. You made me beat him.
35. That child made everyone laugh.
81. Rahul made me get some money from him.
36. You have made me cry.
82. I got the hair cut.
37. He is a comedian. He makes people laugh.
83. Rahul gets the hair cut from here.
38. I can‟t make you sing as your voice is not fine.
84. Will you get the hair cut?
39. Rahul will make me write his homework.
85. How can I get this work done?
40. Why do you make him write your homework?
41. Whom did he make you call?
222
Causative Verbs (Get & Make) – Test Papers
Test – I
1. I got it done myself. 27. I got this mobile repaired by Sagar.

2. Can you make him come? 28. He was making me understand.
3. Ram made him go. 29. Saleem made Sagar call Rahul.
4. People makes you fool. 30. Saleem made Sagar come.
5. Pen made me remember you. 31. Why are you making us fool?
6. They should not make you work in place of 32. I will make him fool.
study. 33. They both make her do their homework.
7. Get me something to read. 34. Aren‟t you getting food prepared?
8. He got me nothing to eat. 35. Life is making me go where I don‟t want
9. Rohit is making me understand. to.
10. He used to make me eat the food. 36. As soon as Dad came, he made us work.
11. By whom will you get this done? 37. Mom makes us feel comfortable.
12. Rahul got the bucket filled by me. 38. His personality makes us feel that we
13. He makes only me write his homework. should also work on our personality.
14. My circumstances made me work there. 39. Ram made us realize how important
15. Your thinking got you good money. money is.
16. He makes you smile. 40. You make me realize how bad I am.
17. I made him join there. 41. I am trying to make to understand.
18. Computer was got repaired. 42. I have to get this work done.
19. He made me drink coke. 43. From where did you get the hair cut?
20. Do you want to get this done by me? 44. Life will make you realize one day.
21. I made him beat Rahul. 45. That boy makes me angry.
22. I made Rahul beat him 46. I was in exam. She got me answers.
23. I am getting the hair cut. 47. Such incidences make us realize.
24. I couldn‟t make you feel happy. 48. Nobody can make you fool.
25. Seeta makes Ram cry. 49. How can you make him go there?
26. He can never make me go there. 50. You made me tell a lie.
Answers
1. I got it done myself. eSaus ;s [kqn djok;k A
2. Can you make him come? D;k rqe mls cqyok ldrs gks \
3. Ram made him go. jke us mls fHktok;k A
4. People makes you fool. yksx rqEgsa csodwQ cukrs gSaA
5. Pen made me remember you. iSu us eq>s rqEgkjh ;kn fnykbZ A
6. They should not make you work in place of study.
mUgsa rqels i<+kbZ ds ctk; dke ugha djokuk pkfg,A
7. Get me something to read. eq>s i<+us dks dqN fnyok nksA
8. He got me nothing to eat. mlus eq>s [kkus dks dqN ugha fnyok;kA
223
9. Rohit is making me understand. jksfgr eq>s le>k jgk gSA
10. He used to make me eat the food. oks eq>s [kkuk f[kyokrk FkkA
11. By whom will you get it done? rqe ;s fdlls djokvksxs \
12. Rahul made me fill the water. jkgqy us eq>ls ikuh Hkjok;k A
13. He makes only me write his homework. oks dsoy eq>ls viuk gkseodZ fy[kokrk gSA
14. My circumstances made me work there. esjs gkykrksa us eq>ls ogk¡ dke djok;k A
15. Your thinking got you good money. rqEgkjh lksp us rqEgsa vPNk iSlk fnyok;k A
16. He makes you smile. oks rqEgsa g¡lkrk gSA
17. I made him join there. eSaus mls ogk¡ tkWbZu djok;k A
18. Computer was got repaired. dEI;wVj Bhd djok;k x;k A
19. He made me drink coke. mlus eq>s dksd fiykbZ@fiyokbZA
20. Do you want to get this done by me? D;k ;s rqe eq>ls djokuk pkgrs gks \
21. I made him beat Rahul. eSaus jkgqy dks mlls fiVok;k A
22. I made Rahul beat him eSaus mldks jkgqy ls fiVok;k A
23. I am getting the hair cut. eSa cky dVok jgk gw¡ A
24. I couldn‟ t make you happy. eSa rqEgsa [kq‛k ugha dj ik;k A
25. Seeta makes Ram cry. lhrk jke dks :ykrh gSA
26. He can never make me go there. oks eq>s ogk¡ dHkh ugha fHktok ldrk A
27. I got this mobile repaired by Sagar. eSaus ;s eksckby lkxj ls Bhd djok;kA
28. He was making me understand. oks eq>s le>k jgk FkkA
29. Saleem made Sagar call Rahul. lyhe us jkgqy dks lkxj ls dkWy djok;h A
30. Saleem made Sagar come. lyhe us lkxj dks cqyok;k A
31. Why are you making us fool? rqe gesa csodwQ D;ksa cuk jgs gks \
32. I will make him fool. eSa mls csodwQ cuk ¡xk A
33. They both make her do their homework. oks nksuksa mlls viuk gkseodZ djokrs gSa A
34. Aren‟ t you getting food prepared? D;k rqe [kkuk ugha cuok jgs \
35. Life is making me go where I don‟t want to. ft+Unxh eq>s ogk¡ fHktok jgh gS] tgk¡ eSa tkuk ugha
pkgrkA
36. As soon as Dad came, he made us work. tSls gh ikik vk;s] mUgksaus gels dke djok;k A
37. Mom makes us feel comfortable. ek¡ gesa vkjke eglwl djokrh gSA
38. He makes us feel that we are nothing. oks gesa eglwl djokrk gS fd ge dqN ugha gSaA
39. Ram made us realize how important money is. jke us gesa eglwl djok;k fd iSlk D;k e;kus j[krk
gSA
40. You make me realize how bad I am. rqe eq>s vglkl fnykrs gks fd eSa fdruk cqjk gw¡A
41. I am trying to make you understand. eSa rqEgsa le>kus dh dksf‛k‛k dj jgk gw¡A
42. I have to get this work done. eq>s ;s dke djokuk gSA
43. From where did you get the hair cut? rqeus cky dgk¡ ls dVok;s \
44. Life will make you realize one day. ft+Unxh rqEgsa ,d fnu eglwl djok;sxh A
45. That boy makes me angry. oks yM+dk eq>s xqLlk fnykrk gSA
46. I was in exam. She got me answers. eSa bXt+ke esa FkkA mlus eq>s mÙkj fnyok;sA
47. Such incidences make us realize. ,slh ?kVuk,¡ gesa eglwl djokrh gSA
48. Nobody can make you fool. rqEgssa dksbZ Hkh csodwQ ugha cuk ldrk A
49. How will you make him go there? rqe mls ogk¡ dSls fHktokvksxs \
50. You made me tell a lie. rqeus eq>ls >wB cqyok;k A
224
Test – II
1. Child made me come.

2. Rahul had got the work done.
3. I wanted to make you meet Seeta.
4. I must get the work done by you.
5. You can make me do this.
6. I will make them go somewhere else.
7. We have to get the hair cut.
8. Ram used to make me go.
9. I have to get mom a saree.
10. Ram will get it done himself.
11. Children will make you happy.
12. Papa got me a watch.
13. Friend made me meet his family members.
14. I had made Rahul purchase a pen.
15. Why did he get the hair cut from there?
16. I made my mom apply Mahendi onto my hair.
17. He made me spend money.
18. You always make me cry.
19. I can make him laugh.
20. Meet him lest he should make you go America.
21. Get the food cooked.
22. Get the poor few clothes.
23. You must get us something.
24. Make me meet him once.
25. Make us listen to this story once.
26. Make Ram come from there lest he should die.
27. I got my heart broken.
28. Don‟ t make me fool.
29. He is making us laugh.
30. They were making us fight each other.
225
Answers
1. Child made me come. cPps us eq>s cqyok;kA

2. Rahul had got the work done. jkgqy us dke djok;k FkkA
3. I wanted to make you meet Seeta. eSa rqEgsa lhrk ls feyokuk pkgrk FkkA
4. I must get the work done by you. eq÷ks rqels dke t+:j djokuk pkfg,A
5. You can make me do this. rqe eq>ls ;s djok ldrs gksA
6. I will make them go somewhere else. eSa mUgsa dgha vkSj fHktok nw¡xkA
7. We have to get the hair cut. gesa cky dVokus gSaA
8. Ram used to make me go. jke eq>s fHktokrk FkkA
9. I have to get mom a saree. eq>s eEeh dks ,d lkM+h fnyokuh gSA
10. Ram will get it done himself. jke ;s [kqn djok;sxkA
11. Children will make you happy. cPps rqEgsa [kq‛k djsaxsA
12. Papa got me a watch. ikik us eq>s ?kM+h fnyok;hA
13. Friend made me meet his family members. nksLr us eq>s vius ?kjokyksa ls feyok;kA
14. I had made Rahul purchase a pen. jkgqy dks eSaus ,d iSu [kjhnok;k FkkA
15. Why did he get the hair cut from there? mlus cky ogk¡ ls D;ksa dVok;s \
16. I made my mom apply Mahendi onto my hair. eSaus viuh eEeh ls ckyksa esa esagnh yxokbZA
17. He made me spend money. mlus eq÷kls iSls [kpZ djok;sA
18. You always make me cry. rqe ges‛kk eq>s :ykrs gksA
19. I can make him laugh. eSa mls g¡lk ldrk gw¡A
20. Meet him lest he should make you go America. mlls feyks ,slk u gks oks rqEgsa vesfjdk fHktok nsA
21. Get the food cooked. [kkuk cuok yksA
22. Get the poor few clothes. xjhcksa dks dqN diM+s fnyok nksA
23. You must get us something. rqEgsa gesa dqN rks fnyokuk gh pkfg,A
24. Make me meet him once. eq>s mlls ,d ckj feyok nksA
25. Make us listen to this story once. gesa ;s dgkuh ,d ckj lquok nksA
26. Make Ram come from there lest he should die. jke dks ogk¡ ls okil cqyok yks dgha oks ej u tk,A
27. I got my heart broken. eSaus viuk fny rqM+ok fy;kA
28. Don‟ t make me fool. eq>s csodwQ er cukvksA
29. He is making us laugh. oks gesa g¡lk jgk gSA
30. They were making us fight each other. oks gesa ,d nwljs ls yM+ok jgs FksA

Dear students,
Aditya Sir
226
Lesson – 26
Active & Passive Voice
Active Voice esa os okD; gksrs gSa ftuesa Subject Hkh fn;k gksrk gS o Subject ds }kjk fd;s x;s dk;Z dk Hkh
o kZu gksrk gSA os lHkh okD; tks geus “Tense” pSIVj esa i<+s Fks] lHkh Active Voice esa ekus tkrs gSaA
Passive Voice esa os okD; gksrs gSa ftuesa fØ;k rks gksrh gS ij ;k rks okD; esa Subject dk ftØ gh ugha
gksrk vkSj vxj ft+Ø gksrk Hkh gks rks ,sls okD;ksa esa Subject ds lkFk Þ}kjkÞ dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA
vkb, foLrkj ls le÷ksaA vkWfM;ks ySDpj dks Hkh t+#j lqusaA

Let‟ s understand in detail. Do listen to audio lecture as well.
Concept – Passive of Tenses
There are two voices of the Tense Sentences: 1) Active Voice 2) Passive Voice
pfy,] uhps fn, x;s mnkgj kksa ls le>rs gSa &

Let‟ s understand with the help of following examples –
Active
okD; Voice /
Explanation
(Sentence) Passive
Voice
Subject gS ÞeSaÞ tks fØ;k dks dj jgk gSA fØ;k gS ÞtkukÞA pw¡fd
eSa tk jgk gw¡A Active Voice
Subject fn;k x;k gS blfy, ;g Active Voice gSA
eq>s Hkstk tk jgk gS fdlh ds }kjkA ij dkSu Hkst jgk gS] ;s ugha crk;k
Passive x;kA tks eq>s Hkst jgk gS ogh rks Subject gSA
eq>s Hkstk tk jgk gSA
Voice bl okD; esa Subject ugha fn;k x;k gS blfy, ;g Passive
Voice gSA
tks eq>s Hkst jgk gS oks gS jke ;kfu Hkstus dh fØ;k dks jke dj jgk
eq>s jke ds }kjk Hkstk tk Passive gSA blfy, jke Subject gSA
jgk gSA Voice bl okD; esa Subject fn;k rks x;k gS ij Þ}kjkÞ ds lkFk iz;ksx
fd;k x;k gS blfy, ;g Passive Voice gSA
gesa crk;k x;k Fkk fdlh ds }kjkA ij dkSu crk jgk gS] ;s ugha crk;k
Passive x;kA tks gesa crk jgk gS ogh rks Subject gSA
gesa crk;k x;k FkkA
Voice gSA
jke dks ihVk tk;sxk fdlh ds }kjkA ij dkSu ihVsxk] ;s ugha crk;k
Passive x;kA tks jke dks ihVsxk] ogh rks Subject gSA
jke dks ihVk tk;sxkA
Voice gSA
227
Subject gS eSa tks fØ;k dks dj pqdk gSA fØ;k gS Þ[kkukÞA
eSaus [kkuk [kk fy;k gSA Active Voice
pw¡fd Subject fn;k x;k gS blfy, ;g Active Voice gSA
mls iwNk x;k fdlh ds }kjkA ij fdlus iwNk] ;s ugha crk;k x;kA
Passive ftlus iwNk] ogh rks Subject gSA
mls iwNk x;kA
Voice gSA
;s igpku djuk cgqr t+#jh gS fd okD; Active Voice esa gS ;k Passive Voice esaA
It‟ s vital to recognize whether the sentence is in active voice or in passive voice.
vxj Active Voice esa gS rks Tense ds fglkc ls helping verb yxkb,A tSlk vkius Tense ds pSIVj esa
i<+k gSA vxj Passive Voice esa gS rks helping verb uhps Vscy ds fglkc ls gh yxkb,A vkSj ,d cgqr
t+#jh ckr ;s gS fd Passive Voice esa ges‛kk Verb dh 3rd form dk gh iz;ksx gksrk gSA
If the sentence is in active voice, then you need to simply follow the rules taught in „Tenses‟
chapter. If in passive voice, then the helping verbs are to be used exactly the way written in
the table below. Also note that in passive sentences, 3rd form of the verb is to be used.
Passive
Active Voice
Voice (PV)
Tense (AV)
Helping
Helping Verbs
Verbs
Present Indefinite
Do, Does Is, Am, Are
(rk] rs] rh)
Present Continuous Is, Am, Are +
Is, Am, Are
(jgk gS] jgh gS] jgs gSa) being
Present Perfect Has been,
Has, Have
(pqdk gS] pqdh gS] pqds gSa] fy;k gS] fn;k gS] yh gS] nh gS] dh gS) Have been
Present Perfect Continuous Has been, Have
-
( jgk gS] jgh gS] jgs gSaA le; ds lkFk ls dk iz;ksx) been
Past Indefinite
Did Was, were
(vk;k] x;k] fy;k] fn;k] yh] nh] dh)
Past Continuous Was, Were +
Was, Were
(jgk Fkk] jgh Fkh] jgs Fks) being
Past Perfect
Had Had been
(pqdk Fkk] pqdh Fkh] pqds Fks] fy;k Fkk] fn;k Fkk] yh Fkh] nh Fkh] dh Fkh)
Past Perfect Continuous
Had been -
( jgk Fkk] jgh Fkh] jgs FksA le; ds lkFk ls dk iz;ksx)
Future Indefinite
Will Will be
(xk] xs] xh)
228
Future Continuous
Will be -
(jgk gksxk] jgh gksxh] jgs gksaxs)
Future Perfect
(pqdk gksxk] pqdh gksxh] pqds gksaxs] fy;k gksxk] fn;k gksxk] yh Will Have Will have been
gksxh] nh gksxh] dh gksxh)
Future Perfect Continuous
Will have been -
( jgk gksxk] jgh gksxh] jgs gksaxsA le; ds lkFk ls dk iz;ksx)
pkj ,sls Tense gSa ftuds Passive Voice ugha gksrs &
There are four tenses that don‟ t have their passive voices –
1. Present Perfect Continuous Tense
2. Past Perfect Continuous Tense
3. Future Continuous Tense
4. Future Perfect Continuous Tense.
Examples:
okD; Tense igpkfu, Active/ vuqokn

Sentences Identify the Tense Passive Translation
eq>s Ldwy Hkstk x;kA Past Indefinite Passive I was sent to school.
jke dks crk;k x;k gSA Present Perfect Passive Ram has been told.
ikik dks cqyk;k tk;sxkA Future Indefinite Passive Dad will be called.
eSaus lkspk FkkA Past Perfect Active I had thought.
Why is your name

rqEgkjk uke D;ksa fy;k tk jgk gS \ Present Continuous Passive
being called?
mls fnYyh esa ns[kk x;kA Past Indefinite Passive He was seen in Delhi
Children threw the

cPpksa us iRFkj QsadsA Past Indefinite Active
stones.
mls Mk¡Vk tk jgk FkkA Past Continuous Passive He was being scolded.
iRFkj Qsads tk,saxsA Future Indefinite Passive Stones will be thrown.
gesa D;ksa Mk¡Vk tkrk gS \ Present Indefinite Passive Why are we scolded?
Will Aman have been

D;k veu dks Hkstk x;k gksxk \ Future Perfect Passive
sent?
229
;‛kh dks D;ksa cqyk;k x;k \ Past Indefinite Passive Why was Yashi called?
What has Dad been

ikik dks D;k dgk x;k gS \ Present Prefect Passive
told?
gesa bruk D;ksa ijs‛kku fd;k tk jgk Why are we being
Present Continuous Passive
gS \ bothered this much?
eSaus D;k dgk Fkk \ Past Perfect Active What had I said?
eq÷ks D;k dgk x;k Fkk \ Past Perfect Passive What had I been said?
Concept – Passive of Modals

pfy,] uhps fn, x;s mnkgj kksa ls le>rs gSa &
Let‟ s understand with the help of following examples –
Sentence Active Explanation

Voice /
Passive
Voice
Subject gS ÞeSaÞ vkSj fØ;k gS ÞtkukÞA pw¡fd Subject fn;k
eSa tk ldrk gw¡A Active Voice x;k gS blfy, ;g Active Voice gSA
eq>s Hkstk tk ldrk gS fdlh ds }kjkA fØ;k gS ÞHkstukÞA ij dkSu
Hkst ldrk gS] ;s ugha crk;k x;kA tks eq>s Hkst ldrk gS ogh rks
eq>s Hkstk tk ldrk gSA Passive Subject gSA
Voice gSA
tks eq>s Hkst ldrk gS oks gS jke ;kfu Hkstus dh fØ;k dks jke dj
eq>s jke ds }kjk Hkstk tk Passive ldrk gSA blfy, jke Subject gSA
ldrk gSA Voice bl okD; esa Subject fn;k rks x;k gS ij Þ}kjkÞ ds lkFk iz;ksx
fd;k x;k gS blfy, ;g Passive Voice gSA
;s igpku djuk cgqr t+#jh gS fd okD; Active Voice esa gS ;k Passive Voice esaA
It‟ s vital to recognize whether the sentence is in active voice or in passive voice.
vxj Active Voice esa gS rks Modal ds fglkc ls helping verb yxkb,A tSlk fd vkius Modal
pSIVj esa i<+k gSA ij vxj okD; Passive Voice esa gS rks vkidks flQZ bruk djuk gS fd ftu modals ds
lkFk fØ;k dh QLVZ QkeZ yxrh gS tSls can, could, should, must, may, might, has to,
have to, had to, will have to, would like to vkfn] muds lkFk „be‟ yxk nsuk gS vkSj ftu
modals ds lkFk fØ;k dh FkMZ QkeZ yxrh gS tSls could have, should have, must have,
may have, might have vkfn] muds lkFk „been‟ yxk nsuk gSA uhps Vscy ds ek/;e ls lef>,A vkSj
,d cgqr t+#jh ckr ;s fd Passive Voice esa ges‛kk Verb dh 3rd form dk gh iz;ksx gksrk gSA
230
If the sentence is in active voice, then you need to simply follow the rules taught in „Modals‟
chapter. If in passive voice, then what you have to do is: the modals which use 1 st form of the
verb like can, could etc, you have to just add „be‟ with them in passive voice and the modals
which use 3rd form of the verb like could have, should have etc, you have to add „been‟ with
them. Let‟ s understand with the following table:
Also to be noted that you have to always use the 3rd form of the verb in passive voice
sentences.
Active/
Sentence Modal Passive Translation Explanation
Voice
can ,d ,slk modal gS ftlds lkFk fØ;k dh QLVZ
QkeZ yxrh gS blfy, Passive voice esa can ds
lkFk be yxk nsaxsA
eq>s Hkstk tk Passive
Can I can be sent.
ldrk gSA voice
We use 1st form of the verb with „can‟
that‟ s why in passive voice, we‟ ll use
„be‟ with „can‟ .
should ,d ,slk modal gS ftlds lkFk fØ;k dh
QLVZ QkeZ yxrh gS blfy, Passive voice esa
jke dks iSls should ds lkFk be yxk nsaxsA
Passive Ram should be
fn, tkus Should
voice given money.
pkfg,A We use 1st form of the verb with
„should‟ that‟ s why in passive voice,
we‟ ll use „be‟ with „should‟ .
Could have ,d ,slk modal gS ftlds lkFk
fØ;k dh FkMZ QkeZ yxrh gS blfy, Passive
cPpksa dks i<+k;k Could Passive
Children could voice esa could have ds lkFk been yxk nsaxsA
have been
tk ldrk FkkA have voice taught. We use 3rd form of the verb with „could
have‟ that‟ s why in passive voice, we‟ ll
use „been‟ with „could have‟ .
Should have ,d ,slk modal gS ftlds lkFk
fØ;k dh FkMZ QkeZ yxrh gS blfy, Passive
voice esa should have ds lkFk been yxk nsaxsA
rqEgsa vesfjdk You should
Should Passive
Hkstk tkuk have been sent
pkfg, FkkA have voice to America. We use 3rd form of the verb with
„should have‟ that‟ s why in passive
voice, we‟ ll use „been‟ with „should
have‟ .
Have to ,d ,slk modal gS ftlds lkFk fØ;k
dh QLVZ QkeZ yxrh gS blfy, Passive voice esa
vkt rqEgsa Ldwy You have to be have to ds lkFk be yxk nsaxsA
Passive
esa fx¶V fn;k Have to given a gift in
voice
tkuk gSA school today. We use 1st form of the verb with „have
to‟ that‟ s why in passive voice, we‟ ll
use „be‟ with „have to‟ .
231
Examples:
Identify Active/
Sentences Translation
the Modal Passive
eq>s Ldwy Hkstk tk ldrk gSA Can Passive I can be sent to school.
jke dks iwNk ldrk gS fd oks dgk¡ Ram can be asked where he
Can Passive
FkkA was.
ikik dks cqyk;k tkuk pkfg,A Should Passive Dad should be called.
rqEgsa fdrkc nh tkuh gSA Have to Passive You have to be given a book.
Should
mls Mk¡Vk tkuk pkfg, FkkA Passive He should have been scolded.
have
He could have been called
mls fnYyh cqyk;k tk ldrk FkkA Could have Passive
Delhi.
gesa i<+k;k tkrk FkkA Used to Passive We used to be taught.
gesa ugha i<+k;k tkrk FkkA Used to Passive We didn‟ t use to be taught.
D;k gesa i<+k;k tkrk Fkk \ Used to Passive Did we use to be taught?
D;k gesa ugha i<+k;k tkrk Fkk \ Used to Passive Did we not use to be taught?
Concept – Passive of Let

Let ,d fØ;k gS blfy, ftl rjg geus Tense ds Passive Voice cuk;s Fks] Bhd mlh rjg cuk;saxsA
bl pSIVj dks i<+us ls igys vkidks uhps fn;s x;s nksuksa pSIVj i<+s gksus pkfg, vkSj le> Hkh vkus pkfg,A
1. Let
2. Passive of Tenses
fcuk ;s nksuksa pSIVj i<+s vkSj le÷ks vki bl pSIVj dks vPNh rjg ugha le> ik;saxsA
pfy,] uhps fn, x;s mnkgj kksa ls le>rs gSaA
Active
Voice /
Sentence Explanation
Passive
Voice
Subject gS ÞjkeÞ tks fØ;k dks djus nsrk gSA izeq[k fØ;k gS Þdjus
Active
jke eq>s lksus nsrk gSA nsukÞ vkSj nwljh fØ;k ÞlksukÞA pw¡fd Subject fn;k x;k gS blfy,
Voice
;g Active Voice gSA
eq>s lksus fn;k tk jgk gS fdlh ds }kjkA ij dkSu eq>s lksus dk dke
djus ns jgk gS] ;s ugha crk;k x;kA tks eq>s bl dke dks djus ns
eq>s lksus fn;k tk jgk gSA Passive jgk gS ogh rks Subject gSA
Voice gSA
232
Subject gS lhrkA
lhrk us jke dks iwNus fn;kA Active Voice bl okD; esa Subject fn;k x;k gS blfy, ;g Active
Voice gSA
fdlus jke dks iwNus dk dke djus fn;k] ;s ugha crk;k x;kA
Subject ugha fn;k x;k gSA blfy, ;g Passive Voice gSA
vxj Subject fn;k Hkh tkrk rks dqN bl rjg ls fd Þjke dks
jke dks iwNus fn;k x;kA Passive Voice
lhrk ds }kjk iwNus fn;k x;kAÞ lhrk tks fd Subject gS mls
Þ}kjkÞ ds lkFk iz;ksx fd;k tkrkA rc Hkh rks okD; Passive
Voice gh gksrkA
vxj okD; Active Voice esa gS rks okD;ksa dks mlh rjg ls cuk;saxs tSlk vkius „Let‟ pSIVj esa i<k FkkA
vxj okD; Passive Voice esa gS rks helping verb mlh Vscy ds fglkc ls gh yxk,saxs tks Vscy vkius „Passive
of Tenses‟ esa ns[khA
vkidks crk;k tk pqdk gS fd Passive Voice esa ges‛kk Verb dh 3rd form dk gh iz;ksx gksrk gSA
cl ;s /;ku jgs fd “Let” dh rhuksa forms “Let” gh gSaA
Examples:
Identify the Active/

Sentences Translation
Tense Passive
eq>s Ldwy tkus fn;k x;kA Past Indefinite Passive I was let go to school.
jke dks bXtS+e esa cSBus ugha fn;k Ram has not been let sit in
Present Perfect Passive
x;k gSA the exam.
ikik dks vkus fn;k tk;sxkA Future Indefinite Passive Dad will be let come.
mls [ksyus fn;k tk jgk FkkA Past Continuous Passive He was being let play.

Dear students,
Aditya Sir
233
Active & Passive Voice - Practice Exercise
1- rqEgsa Mk¡Vk tkrk gSA 46- iSu mBk fy;k x;k gSA
2- gesa ihVk tk jgk FkkA 47- mls ;g D;ksa fn;k x;k \
3- eq>s ,d fdrkc nh tk;sxhA 48- gesa D;k crk;k x;k \
4- bl iqjLdkj ds fy, dsoy ,d vkneh pquk tkrk gSA 49- mUgsa dgk¡ Hkstk x;k Fkk \
5- eq>s rqEgkjs ckjs esa crk;k x;k gSA 50- mls ?klhV dj iqfyl LVs‛ku ys tk;k x;k A
6- Hkkjr dks ‚kkfUrfiz; ns‛k ds #i esa tkuk tkrk gSA 51- gekjh fdrkcksa dks QkM+k x;k vkSj dwM+snku esa Qsad
7- D;k mls Hkstk x;k \ fn;k x;k A
8- rqEgkjs fy, LiS‛ky [kkuk cuk;k tk jgk gSA 52- gesa 6 Dykl rd vaxzst+h ugha i<+kbZ tkrh A
9- muds lkFk ogk¡ cqjk crkZo fd;k x;kA 53- bl lky dqN fo/kkfFkZ;ksa dks ySiVkWi fn;s x;s gSAa
10- mls ,d egku ;ks)k ds #i esa tkuk tkrk FkkA 54- mlds HkkbZ dks tku ls ekj fn;k x;kA
11- ;s fy[kk tk pqdk gSA 55- 25 izfr‛kr lhVsa xjhc LVwMSUV~l ds fy, vkjf{kr gSaA
12- D;k mls I;kj fd;k tkrk gS \ 56- bUlku dks LoxZ Hkstk tkrk gS vxj oks vPNs deZ djsA
13- fQYe ds esxk fgV gksus dh ?kks"k kk gks pqdh gSA 57- jke dks Hkstk tk ldrk gSA
14- xSax ds eqf[k;k dks 2 cts ekdsZV esa ns[kk x;k gSA 58- mls iwNk tkuk pkfg, FkkA
15- D;k mUgsa bl ‚kjkjr ds fy, Mk¡Vk x;k \ 59- gesa Hkstk tkuk gSA
16- nksuksa nksf"k;ksa dh igpku dh tk pqdh gSSA 60- rqEgsa cqyk;k tkuk Fkk ij ugha cqyk;k tk ldkA
17- pk; gj lqcg ih tkrh gSA 61- ;s dke gks tkuk pkfg, FkkA
18- mls fdlds lkFk Hkstk x;k \ 62- eEeh dks iwNk tkrk FkkA
19- mls eMZj ds ckjs esa D;ksa ugha iwNk tkrk \ 63- D;k jke dks fdrkc nh tk ldrh gS \
20- 4 fVdVsa cqd dj yh x;h gSaA 64- rqEgsa D;ksa ugha i<+k;k tk ldk \
21- fdLer ls eq>s ogk¡ Hkstk x;k vkSj eSa rqels feyk A 65- mls D;k fn;k x;k \
22- eq>s ,d v/;kid ds #i esa tkuk tkrk gSA 66- jke dks fdlds lkFk Hkstk tkuk pkfg, \
23- cPpksa dks ckgj Hkstk x;kA 67- eksckby dk iz;ksx D;ksa gksuk pkfg, \
24- eq>s blds ckjs esa lwfpr ugha fd;k x;kA 68- gesa D;k i<+k;k tkrk Fkk \
25- fdrkcsa Nkih tk jgh gSaA 69- eq>s eksckby fn;k tk ldrk gSA
26- bl txg ls dqN dqflZ;k¡ gVkbZ xbZ gSaA 70- vxyk iz‛u D;k gksuk pkfg, \
27- bl bykds esa dkjsa ugha pykbZ tkrhA 71- rqEgsa ltk feyuh pkfg,A
28- mls dc rd ugha iwNk x;k \ 72- gesa dqN iSls [kpZ ds fy, feyus pkfg,A
29- gj txg feBkb;k¡ ck¡Vh tk jgh gaSA 73- gekjh ru[okg c<+kbZ tkuh gSA
30- ogk¡ ,d fcfYMax cukbZ tk pqdh gSA 74- mls iwNk tkuk FkkA
31- oks iqfyl ds }kjk idM+k x;k A 75- gkseodZ t+#j djuk pkfg,A
32- I;kt vkSj vkyw dkQh vf/kd ek=k esa dkVs x;s A 76- lkjs iz‛u gy fd;s tk ldrs gaSA
33- vijkf/k;ksa dks <+w¡<k tk jgk gSA 77- [kkus dk rjhdk lq/kkjk tk ldrk gSA
34- mls xksyh ls ekj fn;k x;k A 78- mls jke dh otg ls cqyk;k x;k A
35- ckfj‛k ds dkj k ehfVax jn~n dj nh x;h A 79- eq>s daiuh ls ckgj ugha fudkyk tk ldkA
36- ?kM+h Bhd djkbZ x;hA 80- fdlh dk Hkh fny nq[kk;k tk ldrk gSA
37- gesa ,slk dqN ugha fn;k x;k gSA 81- gj fdlh dk fny ugha thrk tk ldrkA
38- gesa ogk¡ Qkyrw esa D;ksa Hkstk tkrk gS \ 82- esjs lkFk fdlh dks Hkstk ugha tkuk pkfg, A
39- eq>s dgha Hkstk x;k gSA 83- mls dgk¡ Hkstk tkuk pkfg,A
40- D;k rqEgsa crk;k x;k gS fd ge dgk¡ gaS \ 84- mldk uke dqN nsj ckr iqdkjk tkuk gSA
41- ,d fo/kkFkhZ dks mlds lgikBh }kjk izrkfM+r fd;k 85- ;gk¡ ij iSu ls fy[kk tkuk gSA
x;kA 86- rqEgsa ;s ugha fn;k tkukA
42- mls Vªd dh vksj /kDdk fn;k x;k rkfd oks ej tk,A 87- eNfy;ksa dks dgha vkSj Hkstk tk ldrk gSA
43- nhokyh [kq‛kh ls eukbZ xbZ A 88- ;s ikuh fi;k ugha tk ldrk D;ksafd ;g [kkjk gSA
44- D;k rqEgsa rqEgkjh ykijokgh ds fy, naM fn;k tk,xk \ 89- bls fdlh Hkh gky esa csp fn;k tkuk pkfg,A
45- gesa dgha vkSj Hkstk tk jgk gSA 90- eq>s i<+us ugha fn;k tkrkA
234
Answers
1. You are scolded. 46. Pen has been picked.
2. We were being beaten. 47. Why was he given this?
3. I will be given a book. 48. What was told to us?
4. Only one person is chosen for this prize. 49. Where had they been sent?
5. I have been told about you. 50. He was dragged to police station.
6. India is known as a peaceful nation. 51. Our books were torn & thrown into the dustbin.
7. Was he sent? 52. We are not taught English up to 6th standard.
8. A special food is being prepared for you. 53. Few students have been given laptops this year.
9. They were treated badly there. 54. His brother was killed.
10. He was known as a great warrior. 55. 25% seats are reserved for poor students.
11. It has been written. 56. Human is sent to heaven if he does good deeds.
12. Is he loved? 57. Ram can be sent.
13. The movie has been declared a mega hit. 58. He should have been asked.
14. The chief of the gang is seen in market at 2. 59. We have to be sent.
15. Were they scolded for this mischief? 60. You had to be called but couldn‟t be.
16. Both the culprits have been identified. 61. This work should have been done.
17. Tea is taken every morning. 62. Mom used to be asked.
18. With whom was he sent? 63. Can Ram be given the book?
19. Why is he not asked about the murder? 64. Why could you not be taught?
20. 4 Tickets have been booked. 65. What was he given?
21. Fortunately, I was sent there and I met you. 66. With whom should Ram be sent?
22. I am known as a teacher. 67. Why should mobile be used?
23. Children were sent outside. 68. What did we use to be taught?
24. I was not informed about this. 69. I can be given a mobile.
25. Books are being printed. 70. What should be the next question?
26. Some chairs have been moved from this place. 71. You must be punished.
27. Cars are not driven in this area. 72. We should be given some money to spend.
28. Until when was he not asked? 73. Our salary has to be increased.
29. Sweets are being distributed all over. 74. He had to be asked.
30. A building has been constructed there. 75. Homework must be done.
31. He was caught by police. 76. All the questions can be solved.
32. Onions and potatoes were cut in huge 77. The way of eating can be improved.
quantity. 78. He was called due to Ram.
33. Criminals are being sought (searched). 79. I could not be fired from the company.
34. He was shot dead. 80. Anybody can be hurt.
35. Meeting was cancelled due to rain. 81. Everybody‟s heart can‟t be won.
36. Watch was repaired. 82. Nobody should be sent with me.
37. We have not been given anything as such. 83. Where should he be sent?
38. Why are we unnecessarily sent there? 84. His name has to be called after a while.
39. I have been sent somewhere. 85. Pen has to be used here.
40. Have you been told where we are? 86. You have not to be given this.
41. A student was tortured by his classmate. 87. Fishes can be sent somewhere else.
42. He was pushed towards a truck so that he dies. 88. This water is not drinkable as it is saline.
43. Diwali was celebrated with joy. 89. It should be sold at any cost.
44. Will you be punished for your negligence? 90. I am not let study.
45. We are being sent somewhere else.
235
Active & Passive Voice - Test Papers
Test – I
Q1: Choose the best alternatives: 16 x 1 = 16
1- gesa Hkstk x;kA

a) We were sent. b) We were to go. c) We were made go. d) We were let go.
2- jke dks Mk¡Vk tk jgk FkkA

a) Ram was scolding. b) Ram was being scold. c) Ram was being scolded. d)Ram was made scolded.
3- mls eq>ls feyok;k tk;sxkA

a) He will be meeting me. b) He will be made meet me.
c) He will be made to meet me. d) He will make me meet.
4- rqEgsa D;k fl[kk;k tkrk gS \

a) What are you taught? b) What are you be taught?
c) What do you be taught? d) What are you learned?
5- eq>s fHktok;k x;kA

a) I was sent. b) I was made sent. c) I was made go. d) I made go.
6- mUgsa crk;k x;k FkkA

a) They were told. b) They had been told. c) They were informed. d) They were been told.
7- rqEgsa D;ksa ugha tkus fn;k x;k \

a) Why did you not go? b) Why did you not let go?
c) Why were you not let go? d) Why were you not let gone?
8- D;k gesa [ksyus fn;k tk;sxk vkt \

a) Will we be let play today? b) Will we be made play today?
c) Will we let play today? d) Will we get the play today?
9- eq>ls dke djok;k tk ldrk gS A

a) I can get the work done. b) Work can be done by me.
d) I can made do the work. d) I can be made do the work.
10- D;k rqEgsa ihVk tkrk Fkk \

a) Had you to be beaten? b) Were you use to beat? c) Did you use to be beaten?
d) Were you use to be beaten? e) Had you been to be beaten?
11- lhrk dks gkWfLiVy ys tk;k x;k FkkA

a) Seeta was brought to hospital. b) Seeta had been brought to hospital.
c) Seeta was made bring to hospital. d) Seeta was got brought to hospital.
236
12- vkt gesa Dykl esa u;k VkWfid i<+k;k tkuk gSA
a) We have to be taught a new topic in the class today.
b) We are to be taught a new topic in the class today.
c) We have been to teach a new topic in the class today.
d) We have to teach a new topic in the class today.
13- lcdks tkus fn;k tk;sxkA

a) All will let go.
b) All will be gone.
c) All will let be gone.
d) All will be let go.
14- gesa [kkuk ugha fn;k tkrk FkkA

a) We were not given the food.
b) We didn‟ t be given the food.
c) We didn‟ t use to be given the food.
d) We were not to be given the food.
15- rqe eq>s i<+us D;ksa ugha ns jgs \

a) Why are you not letting me study?
b) Why do you not let me study?
c) Why are you not let me study?
d) Why are you not let me studying?
16- ;s dke fdlls djok;k x;k Fkk \

a) By whom was this work got done?
b) By whom did this work get done?
c) By whom had this work been got done?
d) By whom had this work been get done?
Answers
1. (a) Answer hint: Past Indefinite Tense Passive Sentence
2. (c) Answer hint: Past Continuous Tense Passive Sentence
3. (b) Answer hint: Future Indefinite Tense Passive Sentence of causative verb (make)
4. (a) Answer hint: Present Indefinite Tense Passive Sentence
5. (c) Answer hint: Past Indefinite Tense Passive Sentence of causative verb (make)
6. (b) Answer hint: Past Perfect Tense Passive Sentence
7. (c) Answer hint: Past Indefinite Tense Passive Sentence (Verb - Let)
8. (a) Answer hint: Future Indefinite Tense Passive Sentence (Verb - Let)
9. (d) Answer hint: Modal (can) Passive Sentence of Causative verb (make)
10. (c) Answer hint: Modal (use to) Passive Sentence
11. (b) Answer hint: Past Perfect Tense Passive Sentence
12. (a) Answer hint: Modal (have to) Passive Sentence
13. (d) Answer hint: Future Indefinite Tense Passive Sentence (Verb - Let)
14. (c) Answer hint: Modal (use to) Passive Sentence
15. (a) Answer hint: Present Continuous Tense Passive Sentence (Verb - Let)
16.(c) Answer hint: Past Perfect Tense Passive Sentence of Causative Verb (Get)
237
Test – II
1- gesa iwNk tk jgk gS fd ge dkSu gSaA 26- D;k mls cqyk;k x;k \
2- rqEgsa Hkstk tk ldrk gSA 27- mlds firk dks tku ls ekj fn;k x;k A
3- eq>s jkst+ ihVk tkrk FkkA 28- mUgsa dgk¡ Hkstk tk jgk gS \
4- mls ?klhV ds ?kj ls ckgj fudkyk x;k A 29- vc gekjh lSysjh c<+kbZ tkuh pkfg, A
5- jke dks jkst+ gkWfLiVy ys tk;k tkrk gSA 30- jkgqy dks dgk x;k Fkk fd mls 2 ?kaVs i<+uk gSA
6- gesa vkt dqN u;k i<+k;k tkuk pkfg, A 31- gesa fHktok;k tk;sxk A
7- rqe pksj gksA D;k rqEgsa ihVk ugha tkuk pkfg, \ 32- eq>s dqN Hkh ugha fn;k x;k A
8- ;s dke jke ds }kjk djok;k x;k A 33- jkgqy dks Ldwy ls fudky fn;k x;k gksxk A
9- eq>s Hkh fdrkc nh tk ldrh Fkh ij vki eq>s I;kj ugha 34- cPpksa dks vkt dqN ugha i<+k;k x;k A
djrs blfy, vkius ugha nhA 35- jkgqy dks lqyk;k tk jgk gSA
10- eq>s ;gk¡ Hkstk x;k gSA 36- eq>s lc dqN fn;k x;k tks dqN eSaus ek¡xk A
11- cPpksa dks D;k fn;k tk,xk \ 37- gesa fdlh vkSj ds lkFk Hkstk x;k A
12- eq>s ogk¡ tkus ugha fn;k x;k A 38- mls [kkuk ugha fn;k tkrk FkkA
13- eq>s ihVk tk;sxk A 39- D;k mls dksbZ vokMZ fn;k tkuk gS \
14- mls csotg ogk¡ fHktok;k x;k A 40- rqEgsa mlds lkFk dgk¡ Hkstk x;k Fkk \
15- jke dks MaMs ls ihVk x;k A 41- ikik dks vesfjdk Hkstk tk ldrk gSA
16- rqEgsa fHktok;k tk jgk gSA 42- fny dh ckr dks Hkh i<+k tk ldrk gSA
17- tc rqe xyr dke djrs gks] D;k rqEgsa Mk¡Vk ugha tkrk\ 43- lc cPpksa dks pkWdysV nh x;h gSaA
18- mls crk;k tk jgk FkkA 44- eq>ls ,d xkuk xok;k x;k A
19- mls ogk¡ D;ksa Hkstk tkrk gS \ 45- mls fdlds lkFk fcBk;k x;k \
20- [kwuh dks frgkM+ tsy ys tk;k x;k A 46- ikik dks esjs ckjs es xyr crk;k x;kA
21- jke dks ugha Hkstk tk,xk A 47- ogk¡ ,d iqy cuk;k tk;sxk A
22- rqEgsa Ldwy esa D;k fl[kk;k tkrk gS \ 48- gesa vxys eghus lwpuk nh tk;sxh A
23- eq>ls pkj iz‛u iwNs x;s A 49- D;k rqEgsa iSls fn;s tkrs gSa Ldwy esa \
24- mls dHkh ugha ihVk x;k A 50- cPpksa dks D;k fn;k x;k \
25- jke dh eEeh dks ckt+kj esa ns[kk x;k FkkA
Answers
1. gesa iwNk tk jgk gS fd ge dkSu gSa A We are being asked who we are.
2. rqEgsa Hkstk tk ldrk gSA You may/can be sent.
3. eq>s jkst+ ihVk tkrk FkkA I used to be beaten daily.
4. mls ?klhV ds ?kj ls ckgj fudkyk x;k A He was dragged out of the house.
5. jke dks jkst+ gkWfLiVy ys tk;k tkrk gSA Ram is taken to hospital daily.
6. gesa vkt dqN u;k i<+k;k tkuk pkfg, A We should be taught something new today.
7. rqe pksj gksA D;k rqEgsa ihVk ugha tkuk pkfg, \ You are a thief. Should you not be beaten?
8. ;s dke jke ds }kjk djok;k x;k A This work was got done by Ram.
9. eq>s Hkh fdrkc nh tk ldrh Fkh ij vkius ugha nhA Even I could have been given the book but you didn‟t.
10. eq>s ;gk¡ Hkstk x;k gSA I have been sent here.
11. cPpksa dks D;k fn;k tk,xk \ What will children be given?
12. eq>s ogk¡ tkus ugha fn;k x;k A I was not let go there.
13. eq>s ihVk tk;sxk A I will be beaten.
14. mls csotg ogk¡ fHktok;k x;k A He was unnecessarily made go there.
15. jke dks MaMs ls ihVk x;k A Ram was beaten with a stick.
238
16. rqEgsa fHktok;k tk jgk gSA You are being made go.
17. tc rqe xyr dke djrs gks] D;k rqEgsa Mk¡Vk ugha tkrk \ When you do wrong, are you not scolded?
18. mls crk;k tk jgk FkkA He was being told.
19. mls ogk¡ D;ksa Hkstk tkrk gS \ Why is he sent there?
20. [kwuh dks frgkM+ tsy ys tk;k x;k A The criminal was taken to the Tihar Jail.
21. jke dks ugha Hkstk tk,xk A Ram will not be sent.
22. rqEgsa Ldwy esa D;k fl[kk;k tkrk gS \ What are you taught in school?
23. eq>ls pkj iz‛u iwNs x;s A I was asked four questions.
24. mls dHkh ugha ihVk x;k A He was never beaten.
25. jke dh eEeh dks ckt+kj esa ns[kk x;k FkkA Ram‟ s mother had been seen in the market.
26. D;k mls cqyk;k x;k \ Was he called?
27. mlds firk dks tku ls ekj fn;k x;k A His father was killed.
28. mUgsa dgk¡ Hkstk tk jgk gS \ Where are they being sent?
29. vc gekjh lSysjh c<+kbZ tkuh pkfg, A Now, our salary must be increased.
30. jkgqy dks dgk x;k Fkk fd mls 2 ?kaVs i<+uk gSA Ram had been told that he had to study for 2 hours.
31. gesa fHktok;k tk;sxk A We will be made go.
32. eq>s dqN Hkh ugha fn;k x;k A I was not given anything.
33. jkgqy dks Ldwy ls fudky fn;k x;k gksxk A Rahul will have been expelled from the school.
34. cPpksa dks vkt dqN ugha i<+k;k x;k A Children were not taught anything today.
35. jkgqy dks lqyk;k tk jgk gSA Rahul is being made sleep.
36. eq>s lc dqN fn;k x;k tks dqN eSaus ek¡xk A I was given everything that I demanded.
37. gesa fdlh vkSj ds lkFk Hkstk x;k A We were sent with someone else.
38. mls [kkuk ugha fn;k tkrk FkkA He didn‟ t use to be given the food.
39. D;k mls dksbZ vokMZ fn;k tkuk gS \ Has he to be given an award?
40. rqEgsa mlds lkFk dgk¡ Hkstk x;k Fkk \ Where had you been sent with him?
41. ikik dks vesfjdk Hkstk tk ldrk gSA Dad can be sent to America.
42. fny dh ckr dks Hkh i<+k tk ldrk gSA Even, the heart can be read.
43. lc cPpksa dks pkWdysV nh x;h gSaA All the children have been given chocolates.
44. eq>ls ,d xkuk xok;k x;k A I was made sing a song.
45. mls fdlds lkFk fcBk;k x;k \ With whom was he made sit?
46. ikik dks esjs ckjs es xyr crk;k x;kA Dad was told wrong about me.
47. ogk¡ ,d iqy cuk;k tk;sxk A A bridge will be constructed there.
48. gesa vxys eghus lwpuk nh tk;sxh A We will be informed next month.
49. D;k rqEgsa iSls fn;s tkrs gSa Ldwy esa \ Are you given money in school?
50. cPpksa dks D;k fn;k x;k \ What were children given?
1. If you think of something difficult, that means you have not understood it
well.
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Lesson – 27
Special Cases
bl pSIVj essa dqN bl rjg ds okD;ksa dks lfEefyr fd;k x;k gS] ftlls vki dqN vyx rjg ds okD;ksa dks Hkh
le> ik;saxsA ;s cgqr gh egRoiwkZ pSIVj gSA vki bu dkWUlsIV~l dks lef>, vkSj fQj vH;kl dfj,A
This chapter will let you know about a few special cases which will
enhance your skills of making sentences of different types. It‟ s certainly
an important lesson. Understand the concept & then practice.
Get ¼chekj gks tkuk½

1- eq>s [kk¡lh gks xbZA I got cough.
2- jke dks cq[kkj gks x;k gSA Ram has got fever.
3- tc Hkh ikik Mk¡Vrs gSa] rqEgsa cq[kkj gks tkrk gSA Whenever dad scolds you, you get fever.
4- mls Vhch gks x;k FkkA He had got TB.
5- BaMk ikuh er fi;ks] rqEgsa BaM yx tk,xhA Don‟ t drink cold water, You will get cold.
6- jke Hkhxk gqvk gSA mls cq[kkj gks ldrk gSA Ram is drenched. He may get cold.
Fond of ¼‛kkSdhu½
Rule: vxj Subject fdlh verb ;kfu fØ;k ;kfu fdlh dke dk ‚kkSdhu gS] rks ml verb ds lkFk „ing‟ dk iz;ksx
fd;k tkrk gSA ekuk eSa dgw¡ fd jke fØdsV dk ‚kkSdhu gSA fØdsV dksbZ fØ;k ugha gSA ij vxj eSa dgw¡ fd jke [ksyus dk
‚kkSdhu gSA bl okD; esa jke subject gS vkSj oks [ksyus dk ‚kkSdhu gSA [ksy+uk ,d fØ;k gSA blfy, play ds lkFk ing
yxkuk t+#jh gksxkA
Rule: If the subject is fond of any verb, then „ing‟ needs to be used with that verb. If I
say “Ram is fond of cricket.” This sentence is correct but if I say “Ram is fond of play.”
This sentence is incorrect as „play‟ is a verb and I need to use „ing‟ with it so the correct
sentence would be “Ram is fond of playing.”
1- eSa laxhr dk ‚kkSdhu gw¡A I am fond of music. ¼laxhr dksbZ fØ;k ugha gS ½
2- rqe blds ‚kkSdhu D;ksa gks \ Why are you fond of it ?
3- jke i<+us dk ‚kkSdhu FkkA Ram was fond of reading. ¼i<+uk ,d fØ;k gS blfy, ing yxk;kA½
4- ;s yM+dk [ksyus dk ‚kkSdhu gSA This boy is fond of Playing.¼[ksyuk ,d fØ;k gS blfy, ing
yxk;kA½
5- eSa fØdsV dk ‚kkSdhu gw¡A I am fond of cricket. ¼fØdsV dksbZ fØ;k ugha gS] ;s [ksy dk uke ;kfu
laKk gS½
6- eSa fØdsV [ksyus dk ‚kkSdhu gw¡A I am fond of playing cricket.¼[ksyuk ,d fØ;k gS blfy, ing
yxk;kA½
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Meant for / Made for ¼cuk gksuk½
Rule: vxj Subject fdlh verb ;kfu fØ;k ;kfu fdlh dke ds fy, cuk gS] rks ml verb ds lkFk „ing‟ dk
iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA ekuk eSa dgw¡ fd jke [ksyus ds fy, cuk gSA bl okD; esa jke subject gS vkSj oks [ksyus ds fy,
cuk gSA [ksy+uk ,d fØ;k gSA blfy, play ds lkFk ing yxkuk t+#jh gksxkA
Rule: If the subject is meant for some verb, then „ing‟ needs to be used with that verb.
If I say “Ram is meant for cricket.” This sentence is correct but if I say “Ram is meant
for play.” This sentence is incorrect as „play‟ is a verb and I need to use „ing‟ with it so
the correct sentence would be “Ram is meant for playing.”
1- rqe fct+usl ds fy, cus gks A You are meant for business.
2- rqe fct+usl djus ds fy, cus gks A You are meant for doing business.
3- rqe flQZ esjs fy, cus gksA You are only meant for me.
4- ge ,d nwljs ds fy, cus gaSA We are meant /made for each other.
5- fdrkc i<us ds fy, cuh gSA Book is meant for reading.
6- v/;kid i<+kus ds fy, cus gSaA Teachers are meant for teaching.
Made in (Country Name)

Made of (Material Name)
Made by (Company Name/Person‟ s Name)
1- ;s eksckby pkbZuk dk gSA This mobile is made in China. (China is the name of a country)
2- ;s eksckby IykfLVd dk gSA This mobile is made of Plastic. (Plastic is the name of a material)
3- ;s eksckby uksfd;k dk gSA This mobile is made by Nokia. (Nokia is the name of a company)
4- ;s ewfrZ lksus dh gSA This idol is made of Gold. (Gold is a material noun)
5- xwxy ekbZdzkslks¶V us cuk;k gSA Google is made by Microsoft. (Microsoft is the name of a
company)
6- ;g oSclkbV eSaus cukbZ gSA This website is made by me. („me” is a person)
Able to
¼dkfcy gksuk] ;ksX; gksuk] leFkZ gksuk] dj lduk½
1- eSa ;s dke djus ds dkfcy gw¡A I am able to do this work.
2- jke ;s dke dj ldrk gSA Ram is able to do this work. / Ram can do this work.
3- D;k rqe bl fct+usl dks l¡Hkkyus ds dkfcy gksA Are you able to handle this business?
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How to + verb 1st form
tc Hkh vki dksbZ dke djuk ;k rks tkurs gks ;k fQj ugha tkurs gks] rks how to dk iz;ksx fd;k tk ldrk gSA
ekuk ,d okD; gS Þjke fy[kuk tkurk gSAÞ
vxj eSa dgw¡ “Ram knows writing.” rks ;s xyr ugha gS ij ,slk dguk “Ram knows how to write.”
csgrj rjhdk gSA
1- eSa ukpuk tkurk gw¡A I know how to dance.

2- eSa ukpuk ugha tkurk gw¡A I don‟ t know how to dance.
3- D;k eSa ukpuk tkurk gw¡ \ Do I know how to dance ?
4- jke [ksyuk tkurk gSA Ram knows how to play.
5- jke fØdsV [ksyuk tkurk gSA Ram knows how to play cricket.
6- D;k oks [ksyuk tkurk Fkk \ Did he know how to play ?
7- eSa fØdsV [ksyuk ugha tkurk FkkA I didn‟ t know how to play cricket.
8- eSa iatkch cksyuk tkurk gw¡A I know how to speak Punjabi.
9- eSa vaxzst+h cksyuk tkurk gw¡A I know how to speak English.
10- jke dkj pykuk tkurk gSA Ram knows how to drive a car.
11- jke ckbd pykuk ugha tkurkA Ram doesn‟ t know how to ride a bike.
Keep on ¼djrs jguk½ $ Verb 1st form + ing
1- oks i<+rk jgrk gSA He keeps on reading.

2- yksx yM+rs jgrs gSaA People keep on fighting.
3- eSa mlds ?kj tkrk jgw¡xkA I will keep on going his home.
4- eSa mlds ?kj tkrk jgrk FkkA I used to keep on going his home.
5- cPps [ksyrs jgrs gaSA Children keep on playing.
6- vady lksprs jgrs gSa] dqN cksyrs ugha A Uncle keeps on thinking, doesn‟t say anything.
7- jke 24 ?kaVs i<+rk jgrk gSA Ram keeps on studying 24 hours.
8- oks fnu Hkj [kkuk cukrk jgkA He kept on cooking the food for the whole day.
9- ge pyrs jgsA We kept on walking.
10- oks lksrk jgkA He kept on sleeping.
11- jkgqy nkSM+rk jgkA Rahul kept on running.
12- EkSa feyrk jgk Hkys gh yksxksa us cgqr VksdkA I kept on meeting even though people objected a lot.
Having $ Verb 3rd form

(After doing something)
¼fØ;k djus ds ckn½
1- rqels feyus ds ckn] eSa ogk¡ tk ¡xkA Having met you, I will go there.
2- jke ds lkFk [kkuk [kkus ds ckn] eSaus iwNkA Having eaten the food with Ram, I asked.
3- ;s ns[kus ds ckn] eSa ogk¡ tkus dh fgEer ugha dj ldrkA Having seen this, I can‟t dare to go there.
4- ikik ls vuqefr ysus ds ckn] eSa ?kj ls fudy x;kA Having taken permission from dad, I left
home.
5- rqEgsa ikus ds ckn ekuks lkjs [okc iwjs gks x;sA Having found you, as if all dreams came
true.
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Þ ¡Þ formation
bl rjg ds okD; ges‛kk iz‛uokpd gksrs gSaA
These sentences are always interrogative in nature.
1- D;k eSa tk ¡ \ Do I go?

2- eSa dgk¡ tk ¡ \ Where do I go?
3- eSa fdlls dgw¡ \ Who do I say?
4- eSa mlls dSls feyw¡\ How do I meet him?
5- D;k eSa ogk¡ u tk ¡ \ Do I not go there?
6- vc eSa D;k d:¡ \ What do I do now?
7- ;s ckr vc fdls crk ¡ \ Whom do I tell this now?
Hold + verb 1st form + ing

¼jksd ikuk@dkcw dj ikuk½
1- eSa g¡lh ugha jksd ik;k A I couldn‟ t hold laughing.
2- jke vius vk¡lw ugha jksd ik;k A Ram couldn‟ t hold his tears.
3- eSa viuh Hkkoukvksa ij dkcw ugha dj ik;k A I couldn‟ t hold my emotions.
4- jke mlls ckr djus ls [kqn dks jksd ik;sxk D;k\ Will Ram be able to hold himself from talking to her?
5- eSas g¡lh ugha jksd ik ¡xkA I won‟ t be able to hold laughing.
Suggest
¼yxuk½
1- rqEgkjh Qkyrw ckrksa ls yxrk gS fd rqe ikxy gksA Your nonsense suggests that you are mad.
2- mlds ckr djus ds rjhds ls yxrk gS fd oks cgqr vehj gSAHis way of talking suggests that he is very rich.
3- mlds pyus ds rjhds ls yxrk gS fd oks dksbZ ekWMy gSA Her way of walking suggests that she is a modal.
4- mldh vkokt+ ls yxk ekuks eSa mls igys Hkh fey pqdk gw¡A Her voice suggested as if I have already met her.
5- eq÷ks ,slk yxk ekuks rqeus dbZ fnuksa ls [kkuk u [kk;k gksA I felt as if you had not taken the food for a long.
The very
¼;gh ;k ogh½
1- eq>s ;gh fdrkc pkfg, A This is the very book I need. / I need the very book.
2- eq>s ;gh iSu pkfg, A I need the very pen.
3- jke ogh yM+dk gSA Ram is the very boy.
4- D;k rqe ogh yM+ds gks tks ml fnu thrk Fkk \ Are you the same boy who had won that day?
5- D;k ;s ogh eksckbZy gS ftlds ckjs esa rqe crk jgs Fks\ Is this the very mobile which you were telling about?
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Or so ¼,dkn½
1- veu ,dkn fnu esa vk tk;sxk A Aman will come in a day or so.
2- jke ,dkn lky esa vesfjdk tk jgk gS A Ram is going to America in a year or so.
3- eSa ,dkn ckj mlds ?kj x;k Fkk A I had gone to his home once or so.
4- ikik ,dkn ?kaVs esa igq¡pus okys gSaA Dad is about to/going to reach in an hour or so.
5- mlus ;s ,dkn g¶rs esa fd;kA He did it in a week or so.
The one(s) ¼oks½

With Singular subject ¼,dopu ds lkFk½ the one
With Plural subject ¼cgqopu ds lkFk½ the ones
*jke* ,dopu gS blfy, the one dk iz;ksx fd;k
jke oks gS tks esjs lkFk Ram is the one, who was x;kA
FkkA with me. „Ram‟ is a singular subject hence „the
one‟ is used.
*ge* cgqopu gS blfy, the ones dk iz;ksx fd;k
ge oks gSa tks rqEgkjs We are the ones, who x;kA
lkFk FksA were with you. „we‟ is a plural subject hence „the
ones‟ is used.
*;s* ,dopu gS blfy, the one dk iz;ksx fd;k
;s oks gS tks eSaus rqEgsa This is the one that I x;kA
fx¶V fd;k FkkA had gifted to you. „This‟ is a singular subject hence „the
one‟ is used.
*;s* cgqopu gS blfy, the ones dk iz;ksx fd;k
;s oks gSa tks eSaus [kjhns These are the ones that I x;kA
FksA had purchased. „These‟ is a plural subject hence „the
ones‟ is used.
*ekrk firk* ;kfu nks yksx ;kfu cgqopu blfy, the
Mom & Dad are the
ekrk firk oks gSa ftuds ones dk iz;ksx fd;k x;kA
ones, without whom, life
fcuk ft+Unxh v/kwjh gSA „Mom & Dad‟ is a plural subject
is incomplete.
hence „the ones‟ is used.
uksV & vxj *oks* ds lkFk dqN vkSj Hkh gks tSls oks yM+dk] oks cPps] oks iSu] oks fdrkcsa vkfn rks „the one‟ dh txg dsoy
„the‟ dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA
jke oks yM+dk gS tks esjs lkFk FkkA Ram is the boy who was with me.
ge oks yksx gSa tks rqEgkjs lkFk FksA We are the people who were with you.
;s oks eksckbZy gS tks eSaus rqEgsa fx¶V fd;k FkkA This is the mobile that I had gifted to you.
;s oks fdrkcsa gSa tks eSaus [kjhnh FkhaA These are the books that I had purchased.
fcfurk oks cgu gS tks eksgCcsokyk esa jgrh gSA Binita is the sister, who lives in
Mohobewala.
vatfy oks cgu gS ftldh ,d lky igys gh ‚kknh Anjali is the sister, who has got married
gqbZ gSA just a year ago.
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iq"dj vady oks vkneh gSa tks lHkh ds fy, lksprs gSaA Pushkar uncle is the man, who cares for
everyone.
fMEih HkS;k oks O;fDr gS ftlds csVs dk uke izrhd gSA Dimpi Bhaiya is the person, whose son‟ s
name is Prateek.
fc‛ku flag jk kk oks O;fDr gSa tks viuh t+qcku ds iDds Bishan Singh Rana is the person, who is
gSaA a man of words.
veu oks yM+dk ugha ftlds lkFk usgk ckr dj jgh Aman is not the boy, whom Neha was
FkhA talking to.
;‛kh oks yM+dh gS tks DykWl esa QLVZ vkbZ gSA Yashi is the girl, who stood first in class.
lanhi oks HkkbZ gS tks iqfyl esa gSA Sandeep is the brother, who is in police.
vkf‛KDH&2 oks fQYe gS] tks eq÷ks cgqr ilUn gSA Ashiqui-2 is the movie that I like a lot.
I;kj oks vglkl gS tks vUnj ls eglwl gksrk gSA Love is the feeling that comes from
within.
Bikrant is the person, who wants to
fcØkUr oks O;fDr gS tks f‛k{kk ds mRFkku ds fy, viuk
egRoiw kZ ;ksxnku nsuk pkgrk gSA contribute significantly to uplift
education.
eqthc [kku oks O;fDr gS] tks esjk lcls fiz; fe= gSA Mujeeb Khan is the person, who is my
best friend.
Amit, Sumit, Sagar, Saleem, Nikhil,
vfer] lqfer] lkxj] lyhe] fuf[ky] pUnzeksgu] jkds‛k
o o# k oks nksLr gS] ftuls viuh fny dh ckr dguk Chandramohan, Rakesh and Varun are
eq÷ks vPNk yxrk gSA the friends, whom I love to share my
feelings with.
Kuldeep is the brother, whom I love a
dqYnhi oks HkkbZ gS tks eq÷ks cgqr fiz; gSA
lot.
vfer jk kk oks cUnk gS tks fdlh ls ugha MjrkA Amit Rana is the guy who doesn‟ t get
scared of anyone.
Avirat and Yashi are the two cute
vfojr vkSj ;‛kh oks nks I;kjs cPps gSa ftUgsa mudk
fcØkUr ekek [kqn ls Hkh T+;knk I;kj djrk gSA children, whom their maternal uncle
Bikrant loves more than himself.
esjh eEeh oks vkSjr gSa] tks fdlh dks ijs‛kkuh esa ugha My mother is the woman, who can‟ t see
ns[k ldrhA anyone in trouble.
3. Life is not about waiting for storm to pass; it‟ s about learning to dance in the rain.
245
Special Cases - Practice Exercise
1- vkt rqEgkjk psgjk vPNk yx jgk gSA 26- eSa oks ugha ftlus rqEgkjs HkkbZ dks Mk¡VkA
2- rqEgsa ns[kus ds ckn eq>s vPNk yxkA 27- rqe oks bUlku gks ftls eSa pkgrh g¡wA
3- jke vkSj lhrk ,d nwljs ds fy, gh cus gSaA 28- D;k eSa ogk¡ tk ¡ \
4- D;k rqe vaxszth cksyuk tkurs gks \ 29- oks [kkuk cukuk ugha tkurkA
5- eSa fnu Hkj [ksyrk jgrk FkkA 30- fny dks dSls euk ¡ \
6- ;g iSu Hkkjr esa cuk gSA 31- ;s ckr vPNh yxrh gSA
7- rqe tc mldh gkyr ns[kksxs rks vius vk¡lw jksd ugha 32- cPps dks BaM yx x;h FkhA
ikvksxsA 33- rqEgkjk ;s dguk fd eSa ikxy gw¡] eq>s vPNk ugha
8- pkgs oks tks djs] eSa lkFk nw¡xkA yxkA
9- jke ds ikl iSls ugha gSa] vc jke D;k djs \ 34- rqEgkjk eq>s Mk¡Vuk Bhd ugha FkkA
10- rqEgkjh vkokt+ vPNh yxhA 35- jke dk eq>s Mk¡Vuk Bhd ugha FkkA
11- ;g p‛ek pkbZuk esa cuk gSA 36- ikik dk eq>s ihVuk Bhd ugha FkkA
12- [kkuk [kkus ds ckn eq>s tkuk FkkA 37- ;g laxhr vPNk yx jgk gSA
13- iSlk [kpZ djus ds fy, gh gksrk gSA 38- yxrk gS rqEgsa eSa vPNk ugha yxkA
14- D;k rqe fy[kuk tkurs Fks \ 39- yxrk gS rqe ikxy gksA
15- eSa jkr Hkj i<+rk jgkA 40- jksVh eEeh us cuk;h FkhA
16- ge dgk¡ lks;sa \ 41- eSa rqEgsa ns[krk jgw¡xkA
17- eSa vk¡lw ugha jksd ik;kA 42- oks [kkuk idkuk D;ksa ugha tkurh\
18- ;g eksckby vkWLVªsfy;k esa cuk gSA 43- eSa ?kj igq¡pus okyk gw¡A
19- eSa dkj pykuk ugha tkurkA 44- Vªsu vkus okyh FkhA
20- rqEgkjh vkokt+ ls yxrk gS fd rqEgsa [kk¡lh gSA 45- eSa ;s dke djus ;ksX; gw¡A
21- oks ukjkt+ gks x;kA 46- ;s jke us cuk;k gSA
22- eSa fdls iwNw¡ \ 47- D;k rqe [ksyuk tkurs gks \
23- eSa ijs‛kku gks x;kA 48- f[kM+fd;k¡ ydM+h dh cuh gSaA
24- lhrk dEI;wVj pykuk ugha tkurh FkhA 49- eSa blh dke ds fy, cuk gw¡A
25- eEeh ,dkn lky esa Bhd gks tk;sxhA 50- ;s njoktk yksgs dk gSA
1. If you want to lift yourself up, lift up someone else.
2. If you look at what you have in life, you‟ ll always have more. If you look at what
you don‟ t have in life, you‟ ll never have enough. –Oprah Winfrey
3. If you don‟ t go after what you want, you will never have it.
4. Whenever you see a successful person you only see the public glories, never the
private sacrifices to reach them.
5. Twenty years from now you will be more disappointed by the things that you
didn‟ t do than by the ones you did do, so throw off the bowlines, sail away from
safe harbor, catch the trade winds in your sails. Explore, Dream, Discover.
6. Talent does what it can; genius does what it must.
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Answers
1. Your face is looking good today. 25. Mom will be fine in a year or so.
2. Having seen you, I felt good. 26. I am not the one who scolded your brother.
3. Ram & Seeta are meant for each other. 27. You are the person who I love.
4. Do you know how to speak in English? 28. Do I go there?
5. I used to play throughout the day. 29. He doesn‟t know how to prepare the food.
6. This pen is made in India. 30. How do I convince my heart?
7. When you will see his plight, you wouldn‟t 31. This sounds good.
be able to hold your emotions. 32. Child had got cold.
8. No matter what, I‟ll stand by him. 33. Yours saying that I was mad, I didn‟t like.
9. Ram doesn‟t have money, what does he do 34. Yours scolding me was not fair.
now? 35. Ram‟s scolding me was not fair.
10. Your voice sounded pretty. 36. Dad‟s beating me was not fair.
11. These spectacles are made in China. 37. This music is sounding good.
12. I had to go after having food. / Having had 38. Seems as you didn‟t like me.
food, I had to go. 39. Seems as you are mad.
13. Money is to spend. 40. Roti was made by Mom.
14. Did you know how to write? 41. I will keep on watching you.
15. I kept on reading whole night. 42. Why does she not know how to cook the
16. Where do we sleep? food?
17. I couldn‟t hold tears. 43. I am about to reach home.
18. This mobile is made in Australia. 44. Train was about to arrive.
19. I don‟t know how to drive the car. 45. I am able to do this work. / I can do this
20. You voice suggests you are suffering from work.
cough. 46. This is made by Ram.
21. He got angry. 47. Do you know how to play?
22. Whom do I ask? 48. Windows are made of wood,
23. I got annoyed. 49. I am meant only for this.
24. Seeta didn‟t know how to operate a 50. This door is made of Iron.
computer.
1. The greatest mistake you can make in life is to be afraid you will make a mistake.
2. If you do what you always did, you will get what you always got.
3. When I was 5 years old, my mother always told me that happiness was the key to
life. When I went to school, they asked me what I wanted to be when I grew up. I
wrote down „happy‟. They told me I didn‟ t understand the assignment, and I told
them they didn‟ t understand life.
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Special Cases - Test Papers
Test – I
1. If you are meant for each other, no one can separate you.
2. You may get cold.
3. Sachin was fond of playing Cricket.
4. This mobile is not meant for playing games.
5. Is it made by you?
6. Does he know how to prepare the food?
7. You keep on irritating me.
8. Having met your friends, I can guess why you don‟ t study.
9. How do I express my feelings?
10. You are not preparing for exams. It suggests you are least bothered.
1- rqEgkjh ckrksa ls yxrk gS fd rqe T;knk lksprs gksA

2- ;s eksckbZy lSelax dk gSA
3- eSa [kqn dks ugha jksd ldrk A
4- eSa dkfcy bUlku gw¡A
5- lhrk ogh yM+dh rks gS tks ml fnu vk;h FkhA
6- ge ,dkn fnu esa vk ldrs gSa A
7- jke oks yM+dk gS ftlus rqEgkjh enn dh FkhA
8- gesa lnhZ yx x;h FkhA
9- eSa flQZ rqEgkjs fy, gh cuk gw¡A
10- eSa iatkch fy[kuk tkurk gw¡A
Answers
Q1:
1. If you are meant for each other, no one can separate you.
vxj rqe ,d nwljs ds fy, cus gks] rks rqEgsa dksbZ vyx ugha dj ldrkA
2. You may get cold.

rqEgsa lnhZ yx ldrh gSA
3. Sachin was fond of playing Cricket.

lfpu fØdsV [ksyus dk ‚kkSdhu FkkA
4. This mobile is not meant for playing games.

;g eksckbZy xsEl [ksyus ds fy, ugha cuk gSA
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5. Is it made by you?
D;k ;s rqeus cuk;k gS \
6. Does he know how to prepare the food?

D;k oks [kkuk cukuk tkurk gS \
7. You keep on irritating me.

rqe eq>s ijs‛kku djrs jgrs gksA
8. Having met your friends, I can guess why you don‟ t study.
rqEgkjs nksLrksa ls feyus ds ckn] eSa vanktk yxk ldrk gw¡ fd rqe i<+kbZ D;ksa ugha djrsA
9. How do I express my feelings?

eSa viuh Hkkoukvksa dks dSls O;Dr d#¡ \
10. You are not preparing for exams. It suggests you are least bothered.
vki bXtS+El ds fy, rS;kjh ugha dj jgsA blls yxrk gS fd vkidks jRrh Hkj Hkh ijokg ughaA
Q2:
1- rqEgkjh ckrksa ls yxrk gS fd rqe T;knk lksprs gksA

Your talks suggest, you think a lot.
2- ;s eksckbZy lSelax dk gSA

This mobile is made by Samsung. / It‟ s a Samsung mobile.
3- eSa [kqn dks ugha jksd ldrk A

I can‟ t hold myself.
4- eSa dkfcy bUlku g¡wA

I am an able man.
5- lhrk ogh yM+dh rks gS tks ml fnu vk;h FkhA

Seeta is the very/same girl who had come the other day.
6- ge ,dkn fnu esa vk ldrs gSa A

We can come in a day or so.
7- jke oks yM+dk gS ftlus rqEgkjh enn dh FkhA

Ram is the boy who had helped you.
8- gesa lnhZ yx x;h FkhA

We had got cold.
9- eSa flQZ rqEgkjs fy, gh cuk gw¡A

I am meant only for you.
10- eSa iatkch fy[kuk tkurk gw¡A

I know how to write Punjabi.
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Lesson – 28
Fillers
Fillers ,sls ‚kCn ;k ‚kCnksa ds lewg gksrs gSa tks ,sls oDr esa iz;ksx fd;s tkrs gSa tc vaxzst+h esa ckr djrs gq, ge
vpkud chp esa dgha vVd tkrs gSaA buls gesa FkksM+k oDr fey tkrk gS vkSj nwljs O;fDr dks ,slk Hkh eglwl ugha gksrk
fd ge vVd x;s FksA Fillers dk iz;ksx djuk iwjh rjg xyr Hkh ugha gS D;ksafd gj ckj ckr djrs oDr ,dne ls
lgh ‚kCn fnekx esa vk tk;s ,slk t+#jh ugha gSA gk¡] ij /;ku jgs fd tc vki fdlh bUVjO;w esa gksa ;k fQj fdlh
lhfu;j ;k cM+ksa ls ckr dj jgs gkas] rks fillers dk iz;ksx de ls de dfj,A
Fillers are nothing but a few words that help us to take some time before uttering the next
word/Sentence. While speaking, sometimes the accurate word doesn‟t strike immediately
and then it becomes useful to use fillers so that the fluency is not broken. So we can‟t say
that using fillers is not good, rather I would say sometimes you are bound to use them.
However, in formal conversations i.e. Interview conversation, professional conversation
with superiors/seniors, speaking with teachers etc, we must avoid using fillers. Sometimes,
it becomes a habit if we unnecessarily use them.
Fillers are (Fillers ds mnkgj k½ -

“um”, “like” “you know”, “it's like”, “I mean”, “actually”, “basically”, “well” etc.
vkb, le÷ksa (Let‟ s understand):

vkidks dguk gS jke vui<+ gSA vkius dgk Ram is….vkidks ;kn ugha vk;k fd vui<+ dks illiterate dgrs gSaA
vki vVd x;sA vkidks FkksM+k lkspuk iM+k vkSj bl nkSjku vkius filler dk iz;ksx dj fy;kA filler cksyrs oDr vki
lksp jgs Fks fd vui<+ dks cksyrs D;k gSaA vpkud ;kn vk;k vkSj vkius dg fn;k vkSj vkxs c<+ x;sA
uhps fn;k x;k gS fd fdl rjg filler yxk;saA
Ram is um….. illiterate.

Ram is like….. illiterate.
Ram is you know….. illiterate.
Ram is I mean….. illiterate.
Ram is actually….. illiterate.
Ram is basically….. illiterate.
Examples:
1) Ummm, I think he is a genuine guy.

2) Well, I don‟ t know about him.
3) I mean, he is not trustworthy.
4) She is, you know, she is not trustworthy.
1. Live as if you were to die tomorrow. Learn as if you were to live forever. (Mahatma Gandhi)
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Lesson – 29
Question Tags
Question tags D;k gS \ ekuk eSa vkils ckr dj jgk gw¡A eSa ugha tkurk fd vki fdl rjg ds bUlku
gSaA vxj eSa vkils iwNw¡ ÞD;k vki pkykd gSa \Þ rks vkidk mÙkj gksxk Þgk¡Þ ;k fQj ÞukÞA ysfdu lksfp, fd
vxj eSa tkurk gw¡ fd vki pkykd gSa] rks eSa ;s ugha iwNw¡xk ÞD;k vki pkykd gSa \Þ] ctk; blds eSa rks ;s
dgw¡xk fd Þvki pkykd gSa] gS uk \Þ ;k fQj dqN bl rjg ls Þvki pkykd gSa] ugha D;k\Þ ;k fQj dqN bl
rjg ls Þvki pkykd gSa] gS fd ugha\Þ bl rjg ls cksyus dk lh/kk eryc ;s gS fd eSa tkurk gw¡ fd vki
okLro esa pkykd gks ij fQj Hkh eSa rks cl ;w¡ gh vki ls iwN jgk gw¡A ;s lc & ÞgS uk \Þ] Þugha D;k\Þ] ÞgS
fd ugha\Þ vkfn question tags gh rks dgykrs gSaA
vxj okD; ldkjkRed gS] rks question tag udkjkRed gksxkA vxj okD; gS “He is good.” rks
question tag gksxk “isn‟ t he?”
vxj okD; udkjkRed gS] rks question tag ldkjkRed gksxkA vxj okD; gS “He is not good.”
rks question tag gksxk “is he?”
Question tags are nothing but just a confirmation that the speaker seeks from other
person, he is talking to, even though he knows what he is asking is true. Let me explain.
Suppose I am talking to you. I have no idea what kind of person you are. If I ask you “Are
you clever?” you might reply; “yes” or “no”. But think about the case where I literally
feel that you are clever. Now I would not ask you like “Are you clever?”, rather I would
say “You are clever, aren‟t you?” Here, it‟s just a formality because I know that you are
clever. This „aren‟t you‟ is nothing but a question tag.
If the sentence is positive, then the question tag will be in negative form. Ex: If the
sentence is “He is good.” Then the question tag will be “isn‟t he?”
If the sentence is negative, then the question tag will be in positive form. Ex: If the
sentence is “He is not good.” Then the question tag will be “is he?”
Scenario No. 1
vxj okD; ldkjkRed gS] rks question tag udkjkRed gksxkA vxj okD; gS “He is good.” rks question
tag gksxk “isn‟ t he?”
If the sentence is positive, then the question tag will be in negative form. Ex: If the
sentence is “He is good.” Then the question tag will be “isn‟ t he?”
1- iadt vPNk gS] gS uk \ Pankaj is good, isn‟ t he ?

2- fiadh vPNh yM+dh gS] gS uk \ Pinki is a sweet girl, isn‟ t she ?
3- rqe ikxy gks] ugha D;k \ You are mad, aren‟ t you ?
4- eSa cqjk gw¡] gS uk \ I am bad, am I not ?
5- oks [kq‛k Fkk] ugha \ He was happy, wasn‟ t he ?
6- ge nq[kh Fks] gS uk \ We were sad, weren‟ t we ?
7- esjs ikl iSls gaS] ugha \ I have money, haven‟ t I ?
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8- ikik ds ikl dqN gS] gS uk \ Father has something, hasn‟ t he ?
9- mlds ikl fdrkc Fkh] ugha D;k \ He had a book, hadn‟ t he ?
10- rqe Ldwy tkrs gks] gS uk \ You go to school, don‟ t you ?
11- jke Ldwy tkrk gS] gS uk \ Ram goes to school, doesn‟ t he ?
12- oks [ksy jgh gS] gS uk \ She is playing, isn‟ t she ?
13- rqeus rktegy ns[kk gS] gS fd ugha \ You have seen the Taj, haven‟ t you ?
14- oks Ldwy tk;sxk] gS uk \ He will go to school, won‟ t he ?
15- rqe ogk¡ x;s] gS fd ugha \ You went there, didn‟ t you ?
16- eSa vk;k Fkk] gS fd ugha \ I had come, hadn‟ t I ?
17- cl pyh x;h gksxh] gS uk \ Bus will have gone, won‟ t it ?
18- oks lks jgk gksxk] gS uk \ He will be sleeping, won‟ t he ?
19- rqe vdsys tk ldrs gks] gS fd ugha \ You can go alone, can‟ t you ?
20- eq>s tkuk pkfg,] D;k dgrs gks \ I should go, shouldn‟ t I ?
21- ;s I;kj gS] gS uk \ It is love, isn‟ t it ?
Scenario No. 2
vxj okD; udkjkRed gS] rks question tag ldkjkRed gksxkA vxj okD; gS “He is not good.” rks
question tag gksxk “is he?”
If the sentence is negative, then the question tag will be in positive form. Ex: If the
sentence is “He is not good.” Then the question tag will be “is he?”
1- jke vPNk ugha gS] gS D;k \ Ram is not good, is he ?

2- rqe ikxy ugha gks] gks D;k \ You are not mad, are you ?
3- eSa ikxy ugha gw¡] g¡w D;k \ I am not mad, am I ?
4- oks [kq‛k ugha Fkk] Fkk D;k \ He was not happy, was he ?
5- ge nq[kh ugha Fks] Fks D;k \ We were not sad, were we ?
6- esjs ikl iSls ugha gS]a gaS D;k \ I don‟ t have money, do I?
7- jke ds ikl dqN ugha gS] gS D;k \ Ram doesn‟ t have anything, does he?
8- mlds ikl fdrkc ugha Fkh] Fkh D;k \ He didn‟ t have a book, did he ?
9- rqe Ldwy ugha tkrs gks uk \ You don‟ t go to school, do you ?
10- jke Ldwy ugha tkrk] gS uk \ Ram doesn‟ t go to school, does he ?
11- oks ugha [ksy jgh gS] gS uk \ She is not playing, is she ?
12- rqeus rktegy ugha ns[kk gS uk \ You haven‟ t seen the Taj, have you ?
13- oks Ldwy ugha tk;sxk] gS uk \ He will not go to school, will he ?
14- rqe ogk¡ ugha x;s] gS uk \ You didn‟ t go there, did you ?
15- eSa ugha vk;k Fkk] vk;k Fkk D;k \ I hadn‟ t come, had I ?
16- cl ugha x;h gksxh] gS uk \ Bus will not have gone, will it ?
17- oks lks ugha jgk gksxk] gS uk \ He will not be sleeping, will he ?
18- rqe ugha tk ldrs] gS uk \ You can‟ t go, can you ?
19- eq>s tkuk ugha pkfg,] D;k dgrs gks \ I shouldn‟ t go, should I ?
20- ;s I;kj ugha gS] gS D;k \ It is not love, is it ?
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Lesson – 30
Phrasal Verbs
Phrasal fØ;k,a izk;% nks ‚kCnksa dk lewg gksrh gSa ftlesa ,d ‚kCn fØ;k gksrh gS vkSj izk;% nwljk ‚kCn ,d
Preposition gksrk gSA
mnkgj k ds rkSj ij & ,d Phrasal fØ;k gS “Get in”. blesa “Get” ,d fØ;k gS vkSj “in”,d
izSiksft+‛kuA
Phrasal Verbs are usually two-word phrases, consisting of a verb for sure & mostly the
another word is a preposition. For example – A phrasal verb is “Get in”. Here, “Get” is a
verb & “in” is a preposition.
vkb, ns[ksa &

Let‟ s have a look –
Get
Get in/Get To board a vehicle I got on the bus.

1 ¼eSa cl esa p<+kA½
on ¼fdlh okgu esa p<+uk½
Get off / To leave a vehicle He was getting off the car.

2 ¼oks dkj ls mrj jgk FkkA½
Get down ¼fdlh okgu ls mrjuk ½
Ram got away with the
Get away To escape punishment.
3
with ¼cp fudyuk½ ¼jke lt+k ls cp fudykA½
To wake up She gets up at 6.

¼mBuk] tkxuk½ ¼oks 6 cts mBrh gSA½
4 Get up
To stand up Get up all the students.
¼[kM+s gksuk½ ¼lkjs cPps [kM+s gks tkb,A½
Develop good terms with I get along with all my colleagues.

Get along
5 someone ¼lHkh lkfFk;ksa ds lkFk esjs vPNs laca/k gSaA½
with
¼fdlh ds lkFk vPNs laca/k cukuk½
I want you to get out of my home.
To leave for outside ¼eSa pkgrk gw¡ fd rqe esjs ?kj ls ckgj fudy
6 Get out of
¼ckgj fudyuk½ tkvksA½
Ram could somehow get over his

To recover from some problems.
7 Get over trouble ¼jke fdlh rjg viuh ijs‛kkfu;ksa ls ckgj fudy
¼fdlh ijs‛kkuh ls ckgj fudyuk½ ik;kA½
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Get To pass an exam/a test I couldn‟ t get through the exam.
8 ¼eSa ijh{kk esa ikl ugha gks ik;kA½
through ¼fdlh ijh{kk esa ikl gks tkuk½
Run
To chase Does he run after money?

1 Run after ¼D;k oks iSls ds ihNs Hkkxrk gS \½
¼ihNk djuk] ihNs Hkkxuk½
I ran away from there, the moment I
Run To escape, flee saw him.
2
away/off ¼cp fudyuk@Hkkx tkuk½ ¼eSa ogk¡ ls Hkkx x;k tSls gh eSaus mls ns[kkA ½
To feel weakness in body I am run down in health today.

3 Run down ¼esjh rfc;r Bhd ugha gSA½
¼‛kjhj esa detksjh eglwl djuk½
Study quickly Don‟ t run over the lesson.

¼tYnh tYnh i<+uk½ ¼ikB dks t+Ynh t+Ynh er i<ksA ½
He ran over the defending champion.

4 Run over
To knock down ¼mlus fiNys lky ds fotsrk dks gjk fn;kA½ uksV
¼gjk nsuk½ & Defending champion oks gksrk gS tks
fiNys lky dk fotsrk gksA
Turn
Switch on–light, tap, a I turned on the tap.
1 Turn on switch etc. ¼vkWu djuk & ykbV] ¼eSaus uy [kksyk½
uy] dksbZ cVu vkfn½
Switch off–light, tap, a Don‟ t turn off the computer.
2 Turn off switch etc. ¼vkWQ djuk & ykbV] ¼dEI;wVj dks cUn er djksA½
uy] dksbZ cVu vkfn½
He turned around, the moment I
Turn To turn called out his name.
3
around ¼iyVuk½ ¼tSls gh eSaus mldk uke iqdkjk] oks iyV x;kA½
To turn the page Stop turning over the page.

4 Turn over ¼ ist iyVuk cUn djksA½
¼ist iyVuk½
It is a glass, if I turn it upside down,
Turn To turn something it would form a conical shape.
5 upside opposite ¼;g ,d fxykl gS] vxj eSa bls iyV dj mYVk dj
down ¼myV dj iwjh rjg iyV nsuk½ nw¡ rks ;g ,d ‚k¡dw dk vkdkj cu tk,xkA½
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Put
1 Put out / Extinguish (light/fire/gas etc) Kindly put out the fire.
off ¼cq>kuk&ykbV@vkx@xSl vkfn½ ¼—i;k vkx cq>k nksA½
2 Put down To write All the students are requested to

¼fy[kuk½ put down their ideas.
¼lHkh fo/kkfFkZ;ksa ls vuqjks/k gS fd os vius fopkj
j[ksaA½
3 Put To present/propose I put forward my report.

forward ¼is‛k djuk@izLrko j[kuk ½ ¼eSaus viuh fjiksVZ is‛k dhA½
4 Put up To live I put up in Delhi

¼jguk½ ¼eSa fnYyh esa jgrk g¡wA½
Mr. Rakesh, now I am putting

To transfer the call / to pass
you through to Mobile
Put the phone to someone else
5 ¼Qksu dkWy dks fdlh nwljs O;fDr@foHkkx esa Department.
through ¼fe0 jkds‛k] vc eSa vkidh dkWy dks eksckbZy
Vªk¡LQj dj nsukA ;k fQj Qksu dks fdlh
nwljs dks ns nsukA foHkkx esa transfer dj jgh gw¡A½
I have put up 10 Kgs in just 10

days.
To gain weight/mass ¼eSaus viuk otu 10 fnu esa 10 fdyks c<+k fn;k
¼otu c<+uk ;k c<+kuk@ gSA½
ekl c<+uk ;k c<+kuk½
6 ;k
Put on ¼10 fnu esa esjk otu 10 fdyks c<+ x;k gSA½
To wear She puts on Saree even at home.

¼iguuk½ ¼oks ?kj ij Hkh lkM+h igurh gSA½
Put up To bear / To tolerate I can‟ t put up with your anger.

7 ¼eSa vkids xqLls dks lgu ugha dj ldrhA½
with ¼lgu djuk½
Go
To depart Just go away from my life.

1 Go away ¼cl esjh ftU+nxh ls pys tkvksA½
¼fudy tkuk½
Prices of mobiles are going
Decrease in the price down day by day.
2 Go down
¼dher ?kVuk½ ¼eksckbyksa ds ewY; fnu c fnu fxj jgsa gSaA½
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To continue Go on with your story please.
3 Go on ¼—i;k viuh dgkuh tkjh jf[k,A ½
¼tkjh j[kuk½
In an affair Priya is going around with him.

4 Go around ¼fiz;k dk mlds lkFk vQs;j py jgk gSA½
¼fdlh ds lkFk vQs;j esa gksuk½
I am not going against you.
¼eSa rqEgkjk fojks/k ugha dj jgk gw¡A½
To be contrary to He goes against everything that

5 Go against
¼fdlh O;fDr ;k ckr dk fojks/k djuk½ I put forward.
¼tks Hkh ckr eSa j[krk gw¡ oks mldk fojks/k djrk
gSA½
To read I have gone through this book

¼i<+uk½ many a time.
¼eSaus ;s fdrkc dbZ ckj i<+h gSA½
Go
6
through He had to go through such a
To face trouble.
¼lkeuk djuk] >syuk½ ¼mls bruh ijs‛kkuh >syuh iM+hA½
Prices of food grains are

Increase in price increasing.
7 Go up
¼dher c<+uk½ ¼vukt+ dh dhersa c<+ jgh gSaA½
Here is the money as your

To start demand. Now, you can go ahead.
8 Go ahead ¼;s jgs iSls] tks vkius dgs FksA vc vki dke
¼vkxs c<+uk@‛kq# djuk½
‚kq# dj ldrss gSaA½
Break
Enter with the aim of theft. The thief broke in my house.
Break in /
1 ¼pksjh ds bjkns ls ?kqluk ;k fcuk btkt+r ¼pksj esjs ?kj esa ?kql x;kA½
into
?kqluk½
I broke off with her.
To end a relationship ¼esjk mlds lkFk fj‛rk [kRe gks x;kA½
2 Break off ;k
¼fj‛rk [kRe gksuk ;k djuk½
¼eSaus mlds lkFk fj‛rk [kRe dj fn;kA½
256
I broke up with her.
To end a relationship ¼esjk mlds lkFk fj‛rk [kRe gks x;kA½
3 Break up ;k
¼fj‛rk [kRe gksuk ;k djuk½
¼eSaus mlds lkFk fj‛rk [kRe dj fn;kA½
That criminal broke out the jail.

To escape from some prison ¼ml vijk/kh us tsy rksM+ nhA½
¼fdlh dSn ls Hkkx tkuk ;k cp fudyuk½ ;k
¼oks vijk/kh tsy ls Hkkx x;kA½
4 Break out
This disease has broken out in
To spread the city.
¼QSykuk ;k QSy tkuk½ ¼;g chekjh ‚kgj esa QSy x;h gSA½
Break To quarrel Why do you break with me?

5 ¼rqe eq>ls D;ksa >xM+rs gks \½
with ¼>xM+uk½
All the poorly constructed houses
Break To collapse broke down.
6
down ¼<g tkuk ;k [kjkc gks tkuk½ ¼lHkh [kjkc rjhds ls cus ?kj <g x;sA½
Come
I came across her brother last
Come To face/meet year.
1
across ¼feyuk@#c# gksuk½ ¼eSa mlds HkkbZ ls fiNys lky #c# gqvkA½
Come up Produce an idea I have come up with an idea.

2 ¼eq>s ,d vkbfM;k vk;k gSA½
with ¼dksbZ fopkj vkuk½
Rs 20 for onion and Rs 10 for pen,
Amount to it comes to 30.
3 Come to ¼20 # dk I;kt vkSj 10 # dk iSu] dqy
¼dqy feykdj fdruk fglkc½
feykdj gqvk 30A½
Increase in the price Prices are coming up.

4 Come up ¼dhersa c<+ jgh gSaA½
¼dher c<+uk½
Come Decrease in the price Prices are coming down.

5 ¼dhersa ?kV jgh gSaA½
down ¼dher ?kVuk½
He just came by me but I ignored.
To pass ¼oks cl esjs ikl ls xqtjk ij eSaus ut+jvankt+
6 Come by
¼xqtjuk½ fd;kA½
257
Look
Look Take care of I am looking after my parents.

1 ¼eSa vius eEeh ikik dh ns[kHkky dj jgk gw¡A½
after/out ¼[;ky j[kuk½
He was looking up the book for
a sentence.
To search something in ¼oks fdrkc esa ,d okD; <w¡< jgk FkkA½
2 Look up dictionary / book
¼fMD‛kujh@fdrkc esa dqN <¡w<uk½ I am looking up a word in the
dictionary.
¼eSa ‚kCndks‛k esa ,d ‚kCn <w¡< jgk gw¡A½
To search Are you looking for a room?

3 Look for ¼D;k rqe dejk <w¡< jgs gks \½
¼<w¡<uk½
Police is looking into the
To investigate matter.
4 Look into
¼tk¡p iM+rky djuk½ ¼iqfyl ekeys dh tk¡p iM+rky dj jgh gSA½
Look down To treat someone nothing Don‟ t look down upon the poor.
5 ¼xjhcksa dks uhp@de@rqPN er le>ksA½
upon ¼fdlh dks de le>uk@rqPN le>uk½
Few others
Take off the dirty clothes and
To take the clothes off put on the clean ones.
¼diM+s mrkjuk½ ¼xUns diM+s mrkj nks vkSj lkQ diM+s igu
1 Take off yksA½
Airplane departure from Plane took off exactly at 8.

airport ¼tgkt us Bhd 8 cts mM+ku HkjhA½
¼gokbZ tgkt dk ,;jiksVZ ls fudyuk½
We must abide by the company
To adhere the rules policy.
2 Abide by ¼gesa dEiuh dh uhfr dk ikyu djuk
¼fu;eksa dk ikyu djuk½
pkfg,A½
I never back out of my

Not to keep one‟ s words promises.
3 Back out of
¼viuh ckr ;k okns ls eqdjuk½ ¼eSa vius oknksa ls dHkh ugha eqdjrkA½
To extinguish He blew out the candle.

4 Blow out ¼mlus eksecRrh cq>k nhA½
¼cq>kuk½
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Ram always acts upon my
To follow advice.
5 Act upon
¼vey djuk@ikyu djuk½ ¼jke ges‛kk esjh lykg ij vey djrk gSA½
They brought me up.

To foster ¼mUgksaus eq>s ikykA½
6 Bring up I was brought up in Dehradun.
¼ikyuk@ikyu iks"k k djuk½
¼eSa nsgjknwu iyk c<+kA½
To cancel He called off the meeting.

7 Call off ¼mUgksaus ehfVax jn~n dhA½
¼jn~n djuk½
I was calling out for help but
To call someone no one turned up.
8 Call out/in ¼eSa lgk;rk ds fy, iqdkj jgk Fkk ij dksbZ
¼fdlh dks iqdkjuk½
ugha vk;kA½
He couldn‟ t carry on his

project due to not having
To continue enough money.
9 Carry on
¼tkjh j[kuk½ ¼oks t+#jr eqrkfcd iSlk u gksus dh otg ls
viuk izkstsDV tkjh ugha j[k ik;kA½
To abandon Snake casts off the outer skin.

10 Cast off ¼lk¡i dsapqyh dks vyx dj nsrk gSA½
¼R;kxuk@vyx dj nsuk½
Prices are cut down by a great
To reduce extent.
11 Cut down
¼de dj nsuk½ ¼dhersa dkQh gn rd de dj nh x;ha gSaA½
To end He cuts off the phone.

12 Cut off ¼oks Qksu dkV nsrk gSA½
¼lekIr djuk½
I just want to get rid of this
To make yourself away from trouble.
13 Get rid of something/someone ¼eSa cl bl ijs‛kkuh ls NqVdkjk ikuk pkgrk
¼NqVdkjk ikuk½ gw¡A ½
To abandon I had given up bad habits.

14 Give up ¼eSaus cqjh vknrsa NksM+ nh FkhA½
¼R;kxuk@NksM+ nsuk½
To continue Keep up the good work.

15 Keep up ¼vPNk dke tkjh jf[k,A½
¼tkjh j[kuk½
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I held on the project due to not
To stop receiving money.
16 Hold on ¼eSaus izkstsDV dks iSls u feyus dh otg ls
¼jksduk½
jksd fn;kA½
Don‟ t give in till the last

To accept defeat breath of yours.
17 Give in
¼gkj eku ysuk½ ¼vkf[kjh lk¡l rd gkj er ekuksA½
I pulled up the data of all the

To take out employees.
18 Pull up ¼eSaus lHkh deZpkfj;ksa dk MsVk fudky fy;k
¼dksbZ tkudkjh fudkyuk½
gSA½
I can‟ t see after them unless I

Look after go there.
19 See after ¼eSa mudh ns[kHkky ugha dj ldrk tc rd
¼ns[kHkky djuk½
eSa ogk¡ u tk ¡A½
He stood by me, in good or bad,

To be with every time when I needed him.
20 Stand by ¼mlus esjk lkFk fn;k] vPNs esa] cqjs esa] ges‛kk
¼lkFk nsuk½
tc Hkh eq>s mldh t+#jr FkhA½
This project will turn out to be

a master piece.
Prove to be ¼;g izkstsDV ,d ekLVj ihl lkfcr gksxkA½
21 Turn out
¼lkfcr gksuk½
uksV& ekLVj ihl dk eryc gS ,d vuwBk
vkSj vf}rh;A ftlds tSlk dksbZ Hkh u gksA
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Lesson – 31
Prepositional Phrases
ftl rjg Phrasal fØ;kvksa esa fdlh u fdlh fØ;k dk gksuk t+#jh gS] mlh rjg Prepositional
phrases esa fdlh u fdlh Preposition dk gksuk t+#jh gSA
Prepositional phrases, just like phrasal verbs having at least one verb in
it, are the ones having at least one of the prepositions in it.
vkb, ns[ksa (Let‟ s have a look) –
A few important prepositional phrases…..
According to ¼ds vuqlkj½

1. According to my sisters, I am the best brother in the world.
2. According to Aman, Life is beautiful.
3. It‟s not an easy question according to mathematics department Head Mrs. Pooja Rana.
At the risk of ¼[krjk eksy ysdj½

1. I came to your house at the risk of my life but you didn‟ t even open the door.
2. At the risk of his life, he saved me.
3. Even at the risk of being caught by his enemies, he did it with great courage.
At the top of one‟ s voice ¼ne yxkdj vkokt+ yxkuk ;k fpYykuk½

1. He shouted at the top of his voice when his elder brother slapped him.
2. Why are you shouting at the top of your voice?
Because of/due to ¼ds dkj k] dh otg ls½

1. I started playing cricket due to my father‟ s enormous support.
2. Because of poverty, many people die every year.
3. Just because of your commitment to work, you could get this promotion.
By all means / at anyhow ¼fdlh Hkh rjg] fdlh Hkh dher ij] pkgs tSls Hkh½
1. Just complete this chapter today by all means.
2. I have to meet her today at anyhow.
For the sake of / For one‟ s sake ¼ds [kkfrj½

1. For your mom‟ s sake, please open the door right now.
2. For God sake, do exactly what I am saying.
In favor of ¼ds i{k esa½

1. Don‟ t take the decision in favor of your brother otherwise people will doubt you.
2. I did it in favor of you because I loved you.
In the hope of ¼mEehn esa½

1. I studied hard in the hope of scoring good marks but all in vein.
2. In the hope of success, he wasted his teenage but eventually he achieved what he
desired for.
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In lieu of / In the place of / Instead of ¼ds cnys esa½
1. I purchased a mobile instead of wasting money on laptop.
2. In lieu of tears, I preferred to smile.
In order to ¼ds cnys esa½

1. I sacrificed my whole life in order to provide you better education.
2. In order to find peace, he roamed the world but he ended up his journey back to
his country itself.
On behalf of / on one‟ s behalf ¼dh rjQ lss½

1. Please say sorry to him on behalf of me. / Please say sorry to him on my behalf.
2. I wrote a letter to Mr Ram on behalf of you. / I wrote a letter to Mr Ram on your
behalf.
With reference to ¼ds lanHkZ esa½

1. With reference to our conversation last week, I am sending my brother to your
home.
2. With reference to my application, I want to talk to you.
Not at all ¼fcYdqy ugha½

1. Not at all! I can never come with you.
2. He can‟ t read at all.
Anything at all ¼dqN Hkh & tksj nsrs gq, dguk½

1. I can do anything at all for you.
2. He loved doing anything at all to pass the exam.
2. People will forget what you said, people will forget what you did, but people
will never forget how you made them feel.
yksx Hkwy tk;saxs vkius D;k dgk] yksx Hkwy tk;saxs vkius D;k fd;k] ij yksx dHkh ugha Hkwysaxs fd vkius mUgsa
dSlk eglwl djok;kA
3. I am not a product of circumstances. I am a product of my decisions.

eSa gkykrksa ls fufeZr izk kh ugha] esjk fuekZ k esjs QSlyksa ls gqvk gSA
4. When everything seems to be going against you, remember that the airplane
takes off against the wind, not with it. –Henry Ford
tc lc dqN vkids f[kykQ gks jgk gks] rks ;s ckr ;kn djuk fd gokbZtgkt Hkh gok ds fo#) gh mM+ku Hkjrk
gS] mlds lkFk ughaA ¼gSujh QksMZ½
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Lesson – 32
Confusing Similar Words ¼Hkzfer djus okys ,d tSls ‚kCn½
Hkzfer djus okys ‚kCn dbZ rjg ds gksrs gSa &
nks ‚kCnksa dh LiSfyax ,d tSlh yxs ij ,dkn v{kj dh fHkUurk gks ;k fQj nks ‚kCnksa dk mPpkj k fcYdqy ,d
tSlk gks ysfdu vFkZ fHkUu gksa ;k fQj ,d gh ‚kCn dk mPpkj k vyX&2 rjhdksa ls fd;k tk;s vkfnA
Confusing similar words are of many types:
2 words may have same spelling but different meanings, 2 words may have
different spelling but same pronunciation etc.
vkb, ns[ksa &
Let‟ s have a look –
Exercise – 1
1. Cast dkLV & fdlh ukVd ;k fQYe ds ik=ksa dh lwph

](list of characters in a drama, movie etc)
Caste dkLV & tkfr
2. Story LVksjh - dgkuh

Storey LVksjh - eafty ¼bekjr dh½] (the horizontal division of building)
3. Suit lwV - dksV iSUV] diM+s

Suite LohV - gksVy dk dejk
Sweet LohV - ehBk
4. Currant djSUV - fd‛kfe‛k

Current djSUV - unh dh /kkjk] orZeku dh ?kVuk,¡
5. Tasty VsLVh - Lokfn"V

Testy VSLVh - xqLlSy ¼ftls tYnh xqLlk vkrk gks ½ (short tempered)
6. Lightening ykbVfuax - jks‛kuh

Lightning ykbVfuax - vkdk‛k esa fctyh dk peduk
7. Heat ghV - xeZ djuk

Hit fgV - ekjuk
8. Weak ohd - detksj

Week ohd - lIrkg
9. Fond QkWUM - ‚kkSdhu

Found QkmUM - ik;k (2nd form of “find”)
10. Seek lhd - <¡<w uk] dksf‛k‛k djuk

Sick fld - chekj
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11. Sign lkbu - gLrk{kj djuk (signature djuk)
Shine ‚kkbu - peduk
12. Same lse - leku] ,d tSlk

Shame ‚kse - ‚keZukd
13. Ran jSu - nkSM+k] (2nd form of “run”)

Rain jsu - ckfj‛k
14. People ihiy - yksx

Pupil I;wfiy - f‛k";
15. Shoulder ‚kksYMj - da/kk

Soldier lksYtj - flikgh
16. Weep ohi - jksuk

Wipe okbi - iksaNuk
17. Small LekWy - NksVk

Smell LeSy - xa/k
18. Close Dyksl - [kkl] djhch (He is my close friend.)

Close Dykst+ - cUn djuk (I closed the door.)
19. Tired Vk;MZ - Fkdk gqvk

Tyre Vk;j - xkfM+;ksa dk Vk;j
20. Break czsd - rksM+uk

Brake czsd - xkfM+;ksa dk czsd
21. There nsvj - ogk¡

Their ns;j - mudk
22. Whether oSnj - pkgs

Weather oSnj - ekSle
23. Check pSd - pSd djuk

Cheque pSd - cSad dk pSd
24. Heart gkVZ - fny

Hurt gVZ - pksV igq¡pkuk] nq[k igq¡pkuk
25. Waste osLV - csdkj

Waist osLV - dej
West oSLV - if‛pe fn‛kk
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26. Dear fM;j - fiz;
Dare Msvj - fgEer djuk
27. Chick fpd - eqxhZ dk cPpk

Cheek phd - xky
28. Hill fgy - igkM+

Heel ghy - ,M+h
Heal ghy - t+[e Hkjuk
Hell gSy - ujd
Hail gsy - vksys iM+uk
Hale gsy - LoLFk
29. Reach jhp - igq¡puk

Rich fjp - vehj
30. Bed C;M@csM- fcLrj

Bad cSM - cqjk
31. Warm okWeZ - xeZ

Worm okseZ - dhM+k
32. Letter ySVj - i=

Later ysVj - ckn esas
Latter ysVj - ckn okyk
Late ysV - nsj
Lately ysVyh - gky gh esa
33. Soap lksi - lkcqu

Shop ‚kkWi - nqdku
34. Sweet LohV - ehBk

Sweat LoSV - ilhuk
35. Fist fQLV - eqB~Bh

Feast QhLV - nkor
36. And ,sUM - vkSj

End ,UM - lekIr
37. Confident dkWfUQMSUV- fo‛okl ls Hkjk gqvk

Confidant dkWfUQMsUV- lgk;d
38. Google xwxy - bUVjusV dk ,d lpZ batu

Goggles xkWxYt+ - p‛ek
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39. Heroin gSjksbu - ,d izdkj dk u‛khyk Mªx
Heroine ghjksbu - fQYe dh ghjksbu
40. Deference MSQjSUl - lEeku

Difference fMQjSUl- eueqVko] vUrj
Exercise – 2
This exercise is purely in English. Now you must develop a habit of using English as
much as possible. If you have a confusion in any word, kindly refer to dictionary.
1. Accessary - Helper 13. Compliment - Commendation

Accessory - Spare part Complement - Match, Supplement
2. Amiable - Lovable 14. Corporal - Pertaining to body

Amicable - Friendly Corporeal - Tangible
3. Ascent - Climb up 15. Bridal - Marriage related

Assent - To agree Bridle - Limit
4. Bail - Security 16. Counsil - Assembly

Bale - Bundle Counsel - Advice
5. Beneficial - Useful 17. Affluent - Rich

Beneficent - Kind person Effluent - A small river, coming
out of a large river or a lake
6. Ball - Sphere
Ball - Social gathering for dance 18. Lapse - Loophole
Bowl - A utensil Elapse - Expire
Bawl - Cry loudly
19. Emigrant - He is an emigrant in india
7. Breach - A break of law, contract etc (he is actually a foreigner)
Breech - Back part of a rifle Immigrant - He is an immigrant from
India (He is an Indian)
8. Cannon - A big gun
Canon - A rule or law 20. Ghastly - Horrible
Ghostly - Related to ghosts
9. Calendar - Calendar (of date)
Calender - A pressing machine 21. Godly - Holy
Godlike - Just like God
10. Childish - Immature
Childlike - Innocent 22. Vacation - Holiday
Vocation - Profession
11. Chord - A string of music instrument
Cord - A thin rope 23. Urban - Belong to town
Urbane - Cultured
12. Coarse - Rough (Antonym of fine)
Course - Line of action
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24. Vicious - Cruel 40. Rigorous - Severe, Rigid
Viscous - Sticky Vigorous - Energetic
25. Veracity - Truthfulness 41. Sheer - Absolute

Voracity - Greediness Shear - Shave/ Trim
26. Suit - To fit, clothes 42. Vassal - Pauper

Suite - A set of rooms Vessel - Utensil
27. Vein - Blood vessels 43. Venal - Evil

Vain - Useless Venial - Forgivable
28. Verbal - Oral 44. Willing - Wanting, to want

Verbose - Talkactive Wilful - Stubborn
29. Right - Correct, A side 45. Potable - Drinkable

Rite - Ceremony Portable - Movable
30. Prophecy (Noun ) - Prediction 46. Prescribe - To recommend

Prophesy (Verb) -To predict Proscribe - To prohibit
31. Proceed - Continue 47. Funeral - Burial

Proceeds - Collections Funereal - Horrible
32. Premier - Supreme, Chief, first 48. Dissent - Disagree

Premiere - Opening show Descent - Collapse, Downwards
33. Intelligent - Wise 49. Elicit - To deduce

Intelligible - Readable Illicit - Illegal
34. Ingenious - Prudent 50. Discrete - Distinct, clear

Ingenuous - Gullible Discreet - Prudent
Indigenous - Native
51. Disinterested - Impartial
35. Momentary - For a moment Uninterested - Boring.
Momentous - Important
52. Forbear - Refrain from
36. Patrol - Police patrolling Forebear - Ancestors
Petrol - Car Petrol Forerunner - Ancestors
37. Prosecute - To sue 53. Corps - Military Branch

Persecute - To harass Corpse - Dead body
38. Salon - Parlour 54. Tear - Water drops coming out

Saloon - Large room of eyes.
Tier - Standard.
39. Route - Path
Rout - Defeat
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55. Sculpture - Art 58. Tasty - Good in taste
Sculptor - Artist Testy - Short tempered.
56. Wile - To deceive 59. Bash - To hit physically or verbally

Vile - Cruel Bashful - Shy
57. Pen - That we use to write. 60. Aleft - To the left side
Pan - To criticize badly Aloft - Above
1. When I dare to be powerful - to use my strength in the service of my vision, then it

becomes less and less important whether I am afraid.
2. If you genuinely want something, don't wait for it -- teach yourself to be impatient.
3. You efforts today make your tomorrow. so make your every today count.
4. If you want to make a permanent change, stop focusing on the size of your problems
and start focusing on the size of you.
5. The greatest mistake you can make in life is to be afraid you will make a mistake.
6. If you do what you always did, you will get what you always got.
7. When I was 5 years old, my mother always told me that happiness was the key to
life. When I went to school, they asked me what I wanted to be when I grew up. I
wrote down „happy‟. They told me I didn‟t understand the assignment, and I told
them they didn‟t understand life.
8. All what we are, is the result of what we have thought.
9. Great minds discuss ideas; average minds discuss events; small minds
discuss people.
10. To be a great champion you must believe you are the best. If you‟ re not,
pretend you are. (Muhammad Ali)
11. Life is 10% what happens to me and 90% of how I react to it.
12. What seems to us as bitter trials are often blessings in disguise.
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Lesson – 33
One word Substitution ¼iwjk okD; flQZ ,d ‚kCn esa½
vkb, ns[ksa fd fdl rjg dsoy ,d ‚kCn ,d iwjs okD; dh txg ys ldrk gSA
Let‟ s see how a word can replace the whole sentence.
,d ckj vdcj dks iwNk x;k fd vki dkSu gSa\ vdcj us tokc fn;k &
ÞeSa oks gw¡ ftls vkt rd dksbZ gjk ugha ik;kAÞ “I am the one who has never been
defeated.”
chjcy us vdcj ls dgk & egkjkt vki bruk yEck okD; cksyus ls vPNk flQZ ,d ‚kCn dg fn;k dhft,
&
Þvts;Þ “Invincible”
D;ksafd vts; dk vFkZ gksrk gS & ftls vkt rd dksbZ gjk ugha ik;kA
Because „invincible is the one, who has never been beaten/defeated.‟
egku vdcj dks chjcy dk ;s lq÷kko ‚kkunkj yxkA

Great Akbar loved this brilliant advice of Birbal.
1. Centenary Celebration of a hundredth year.

2. Contemporary One who lives with the trend.
3. Celibacy To abstain from sex.
4. Democracy Government of the people, for the people, by the people.
5. Epicure A person fond of enjoyment.
6. Exonerate To free a person from all the blames.
7. Fastidious A person difficult to please.
8. Fatalist One, who just believes in luck.
9. Incorrigible Something, that can‟t be corrected.
10. Invincible One, who can never be beaten/defeated.
11. Indispensable Something which can‟t be ignored.
12. Inevitable Something which can‟t be ignored.
13. Irrevocable That can‟t be changed at any cost.
14. Inflammable That can catch fire easily.
15. Medieval Belonging to the middle ages.
16. Omnipotent One who is all powerful.
17. Omnipresent One who is found everywhere.
18. Polyandry Practice of having more than one husband at a time
19. Polygamy Practice of having more than one wife at a time
20. Red- tapism Too much official formality.
21. Venial A pardonable fault.
22. Theist Who believes in God.
23. Atheist Who doesn‟t believe is God.
24. Ascetic A person, who renounces the world and devotes himself to a strictly devout life
25. Connoisseur Who is well versed in any subject
26. Philologist Who studies about the language.
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27. Archaeologist Who studies ancient build and monuments.
28. Gullible Who is easily be fooled.
29. Bellicose Who is fond of fighting
30. Hygienist Who is very health conscious
31. Omnivorous Who eats every thing
32. Cannibal Who eats human flesh
33. Philanthropist Who is a lover of humanity
34. Feminist Who is devoted to the welfare of women
35. Parasite Who depends on others
36. Fastidious Who can‟t be easily pleased
37. Credulous Who easily believes on whatever is told
38. Bigot Who strongly hold an opinion or believe
39. Mercenary Who only works for money or reward
40. Orthodox Who holds conventional beliefs
41. Foster child Who is brought up by persons, who are not his parents
42. Omniscient Who knows everything
43. Democracy Government by people, of people, for people
44. Autocracy Government by one person
45. Bureaucracy Government by officials
46. Monarchy Government by a monarch
47. Antidote A medicine which counteracts poison
48. Aesthetics Study of the nature of beauty
49. Venial That may be forgiven
50. Prologue Introductory Preface of a drama
51. Polyglot Multilingual
52. Philology Science of languages
53. Phonology Science of climates effect
54. Genocide Extermination of a race
55. Morphology Science of animal body Structure
56. Cartography Science of map making
57. Calligraphy Art of characteristic writing
58. Ideology Idea of a group of people
1. A man is a product of his thoughts what he thinks, he becomes. (Mahatma Gandhi)

O;fDr vius fopkjksa dk ,d izk kh gS] oks tSlk lksprk gS oSlk gh cu tkrk gSA ¼egkRek xk¡/kh½
2. Our dream can come true if we have a firm desire to materialize them.
gekjk liuk lkdkj gks ldrk gS vxj gekjs vUnj mUgsa iwjk djus dh izcy bPNk gksA
3. Be the change that you want to see in the world. (Mahatma Gandhi)
igys [kqn esa oks cnyko dhft, tks cnyko vki nqfu;k esa ns[kuk pkgrs gSaA ¼egkRek xk¡/kh½
4. Your talent is nothing without opportunity.

fcuk ekSds ds vkidh izfrHkk dqN Hkh ugha gSA
5. Education is the weapon that can be used to change the world.

f‛k{kk oks gfFk;kj gS ftldk iz;ksx dj nqfu;k dks cnyk tk ldrk gSA
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Lesson – 34
Special & Complex Sentences
vkb, uhps fn;s x;s dqN vyx rjg ds okD;ksa dks jV ysa vkSj tc&2 ekSdk feys] budk iz;ksx djsaA ,d ckr
ges‛kk ;kn j[ksaA fdlh Hkh Hkk’kk ij vPNh idM+ rHkh cukbZ tk ldrh gS tc vkids ‚kCndks‛k esa ,sls ‚kCn gksa
tks vkids okD;ksa dks NksVk ysfdu izHkkoh cuk nsaA
Let‟ s cram a few sentences given below and use them whenever you get an
opportunity. Always remember, if you want to have a good command over
a language, you must have certain special words in your dictionary, which
can make your sentences short but effective.
1. She is very talkactive. / She talks a lot.

oks cgqr ckrwuh gSA
2. You are my namesake. / Your name and my name are same.
rqe esjs geuke gksA
3. I am a person/man of words. / I keep my words.
eSa t+qcku dk iDdk gw¡A
4. I am a spendthrift. / I spend a lot.
eSa cgqr [kpZ djrk gw¡A
5. I am in trouble.
eSa ijs‛kkuh esa gw¡A
6. I have financial problem these days.
eq>s vktdy iSls dh fnDdr gSA
7. He is blind of one eye. / One of his eyes is not working.
mldh ,d vk¡[k [kjkc gSA
8. This is a good excuse.
;s ,d vPNk cgkuk gSA
9. He was idle all the time. / He was free all the time. / He had nothing to do all the
time.
oks lkjs fnu [kkyh FkkA
10. My younger brother has his own ways. / My younger brother does not follow others‟
advices.
esjk NksVk HkkbZ viuh et+hZ dk ekfyd gSA
11. I have my own ways.
eSa vius eu dh djrk gw¡ A
12. I had pain in my hand. / My hand was paining.
esjs gkFk esa nnZ FkkA
13. What brings you here? / Why did you come here?
dSls vkuk gqvk \
14. Does it make any difference?
D;k blls dksbZ QdZ iM+rk gS \
15. How did you find Delhi?
rqEgsa fnYyh dSlh yxh \
16. I was out of station. / I was out of the city/town. / I was not in the city.
eSa ‚kgj ls ckgj FkkA
17. She couldn‟ t hold weeping. / She couldn‟ t control her tears.
oks vius vk¡lw ugha jksd ldh@ik;hA
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18. She couldn‟ t hold laughing. / She couldn‟ t control her laugh.
oks viuh g¡lh ugha jksd ldh@ik;hA
19. She couldn‟ t hold herself talking to him./ She couldn‟ t control herself from talking to
him.
oks vius vki dks mlls ckr djus ls ugha jksd ldh@ik;hA
20. I have got a car. / I have a car.
esjs ikl dkj gSA
21. He has got a computer. / He has a computer.
mlds ikl dEI;wVj gSA
22. Let it be./ Forget it./ Leave it.
NksM+ uA ;k ckr [kRe djksA ;k Hkwy tkvksA
23. He is unwell. / He is ill. / He is suffering from an ailment.
mldh rch;r Bhd ugha gSA
24. I met with an accident yesterday. / I had an accident yesterday.
dy esjk ,DlhMsaV ¼nq?kZVuk½ gks x;k A
25. Where does this road go to? / Where is this road going?
;s jksM dgk¡ tkrh gS \
26. You have given me a rupee extra.
rqeus eq>s ,d :i;s T+;knk ns fn;k gSA
27. This cloth is of inferior quality. / The quality of this cloth is not very good.
;s diM+k ?kfV;k DokfyVh dk gSA
28. The sky is full of clouds. / The sky is over cast. / Clouds are all covering the sky.
vkleku cknyksa ls f?kjk gqvk gSA
29. You look younger than your age. / You don‟ t look that old.
rqe viuh mez ls de yxrs gksA
30. He looks older than his age.
oks viuh mez ls T+;knk yxrk gSA
31. I am feeling sleepy. / My body needs rest.
eq>s uhan vk jgh gSA
32. I am feeling appetite. / My stomach is demanding food.
eq>s Hkw[k yx jgh gSA
33. I am feeling feverish. / I feel as if I have got fever.
eq>s cq[kkj lk yx jgk gSA
34. You should be ashamed of yourself.
rqEgsa vius vki ij ‚keZ vkuh pkfg,A
35. How is your study going on? / How is your study?
vkidh i<+kbZ dSlh py jgh gS \
36. What is going on in his mind?
mlds fnekx esa D;k py jgk gS \
37. What is going on there?
ogk¡ D;k py jgk gS \
38. Is something going on there?
D;k ogk¡ dqN py jgk gS \
39. She has got on to my heart and soul.
oks esjs fnyks fnekx ij cl x;h gSA
40. Money has got on to his mind.
iSlk mlds fnekx ij gkoh gks x;k gSA
41. This is not a thoroughfare. / This way is not for common people.
;g vke jkLrk ugha gSA
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42. It is in talk. / Everybody is talking about this.
;s ppkZ esa gSA
43. He is a notorious person.
oks ,d dq[;kr O;fDr gSA
44. The road has been closed for repairs.
jksM fjis;fjax dh otg ls cUn gks xbZ gSA
45. The mobile was with him for repairs.
eksckby fjis;fjax ds fy, mlds ikl FkkA
46. This is a rumour. / This is in the air.
;g ,d vQokg gSA
47. Who is to blame? / Who is guilty? / Who is culprit?
nks"kh dkSu gS \
48. You were shouting at the top of your voice. / You were shouting so loud.
rqe tku yxkdj fpYyk jgs FksA
49. These pens are selling like anything. / These pens are selling heavily.
;s iSu /kM+Yys ls fcd jgs gaSA
50. Are you in the right?
D;k rqe lgh gks \
51. Are you on the right?
D;k rqe nk;ha rjQ gks \
52. Are you in the wrong?
D;k rqe xyr gks \
53. Are you on the left?
D;k rqe ck;ha rjQ gks \
54. Are you in your senses?
D;k rqe gks‛k esa gks \
55. Are you scared of me?
D;k rqe eq>ls Mjrs gks \
56. I had a headache./ My head was paining.
eq>s fljnnZ gks jgk FkkA
57. I had a stomachache./ My stomach was paining.
esjk isVnnZ gks jgk FkkA
58. The lamp has no oil. / There is no oil in the lamp.
ySEi esa rsy ugha gSA
59. I had a pain in my leg. / My leg was paining.
esjk iSj nnZ gks jgk FkkA@esjs iSj esa nnZ FkkA
60. It is getting dark.
va/ksjk gks jgk gSA
61. There is no shortage of food grains in our country.
gekjs ns‛k esa vukt dh deh ugha gSA
62. There is a saying that „nothing is impossible‟ .
,d dgkor gS] vlEHko dqN Hkh ughaA
63. Is there a way to get out of this problem?
bl ijs‛kkuh ls NqVdkjk ikus dk D;k dksbZ rjhdk gS \
64. Here is your watch.
;s jgh vkidh ?kM+hA@;s yhft, vkidh ?kM+hA
65. Here is the money.
;s yhft, iSlsA@;s jgs iSlsA
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66. Here is the pen.
;s yhft, iSuA
67. Here comes the teacher.
yks] Vhpj vk x;s A
68. Here comes Rohit.
yks] jksfgr vk x;k A
69. Here comes you.
yhft,] vki vk x;sA
70. Here comes I. / Here I am.
;s yks] eSa vk x;k A
71. Since when have you been here?
rqe dc ls ;gk¡ gks \
72. This is out of my control/hands.
;s esjs dkcw ls ckgj gSA
73. The house is on fire. / The house is burning.
?kj ty jgk gSA
74. God‟ s grace is always with you.
Hkxoku dk vk‛khZokn ges‛kk rqEgkjs lkFk gSA
75. Don‟ t copy others.
nwljksa dh udy er djksA
76. Don‟ t write with a pencil.
isfUly ls er fy[kksA
77. Keep the fire on.
vkx tyh jgus nksA
78. We should give up bad habits.
gesa cqjh vknrsa NksM+ nsuh pkfg,A
79. Chew the food well.
[kkuk vPNh rjg pckvksA
80. Blow your nose.
ukd lkQ djksA
81. Button up the coat.
dksV ds cVu cUn djksA
82. Hold this mobile with both hands.
bl eksckby dks nksuksa gkFkksa ls idM+ksA
83. All the while I was waiting for Ram.
iwjk fnu eSa jke dk bUrt+kj dj jgk FkkA
84. I will come after a while.
eSa FkksM+h nsj ckn vk ¡xkA
85. Looks as, he is someone to you.
yxrk gS] oks rqEgkjk dksbZ gSA
86. Looks as, our teacher is not here today.
yxrk gS] gekjs v/;kid vkt ;gk¡ ugha gSaA
87. Looks as, you are not well today.
yxrk gS] rqEgkjh rfc;r Bhd ugha gS vktA
88. He came to me as usual. / As usual, he came to me.
oks ges‛kk dh rjg esjs ikl vk;kA
89. As usual, Dad scolded him and he left home.
ikik us ges‛kk dh rjg mls Mk¡Vk vkSj oks ?kj ls pyk x;kA
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90. Come what may, we will not do so.
pkgs tks gks] ge ,slk ugha djsaxsA
91. No matter what, I‟ ll go there.
pkgs tks gks] eSa ogk¡ tk ¡xkA
92. God knows who he is.
Hkxoku tkus oks dkSu gSA
93. God knows where they are.
Hkxoku tkus os dgk¡ gSaA
94. God knows who made this.
Hkxoku tkus ;s fdlus cuk;kA
95. The winters are round the corner.
lfnZ;k¡ vkus okyh gSaA
96. The summers are round the corner.
xfeZ;k¡ vkus okyh gSaA
97. I will go in a month or so.
eSa ,dkn eghus esa vk tk ¡xkA
98. They will go London in a year or so.
os ,dkn lky esa yUnu tk;saxsA
99. He will come in a day or so.
oks ,dkn fnu esa vk;saxsA
100. Dad is about to reach in an hour or so.
Ikkik ,dkn ?kaVs esa igq¡pus okys gSaA
101. I am whiling away my time. / I am passing my time. / I am doing time pass.
eSa viuk le; dkV jgk gw¡A
102. I am tired of eating it daily. / I am fed up of eating it daily.
eSa ;s jkst+&jkst+ [kkdj Fkd x;k gw¡A
103. I am tired of you. / I am fed up with you.
eSa rqels id x;k gw¡A
104. He will be hereabouts Kanpur this time.
oks bl le; dkuiqj ds vklikl gksxk A
105. I am sure of success. / I am sure that I will get success.
eq>s fo‛okl gS fd eSa lQy gks tk ¡xkA
106. Keep in mind that you have to go there. / Don‟ t forget that you have to go there.
/;ku j[kuk rqEgsa ogk¡ tkuk gSA
107. You have been a great help to me. / You have helped me a lot.
rqeus esjh cgqr enn dh gSA
108. How old are you? / What is your age?
rqe fdrus lky ds gks \
109. We can‟ t assess the value of this gift.
ge bl fx¶V dh vgfe;r dks ugha vk¡d@eki@rksy ldrsA
110. Sachin has real flair/interest/taste/passion for cricket.
lfpu ds vUnj fØdsV dh ,d vthc lh yyd gSA
111. He is coming from afar. / He is coming from a long distance.
oks cgqr nwj ls vk jgk gSA
112. He seemed very aloof all the time. / He seemed very quiet and neutral all the time.
oks lkjs fnu cgqr pqi&pqi lk yxkA
113. I like the lisping of children.
eq>s cPpksa dk rqrykuk ilUn gSA
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114. I didn‟ t work up to the par. / I didn‟ t work up to the expectations.
eSaus mEehn ds eqrkfcd dke ugha fd;kA
115. This is the very book I want.
;gh fdrkc rks eSa pkgrk gw¡A
116. She was in a shock due to her brother‟ s death.
oks viuh HkkbZ dh ekSr dh otg ls lnesa esa FkhA
117. I have to unravel this enigma. / I have to solve this puzzle.
eq>s ;s igsyh lqy>kuh gSA
118. I will always stand by you. / I will always be there with you.
eSa ges‛kk rqEgkjk lkFk nw¡xkA
119. I had heard a footfall.
eSaus dneksa dh vkokt+ lquh FkhA
120. My hairs haven‟ t turned white yet.
esjs cky vHkh Hkh lQsn ugha gq, gSaA
121. I have turned 18.
eSa 18 lky dk gks x;k gw¡A
122. He has turned 15.
oks 15 lky dk gks x;k gSA
123. You have turned 80.
rqe 80 lky ds gks x;s gksA
124. Have you seen him lately/recently?
D;k rqeus gky gh esa mls ns[kk gS \
125. For the time being, you wait here.
fQygky rqe ;gk¡ bUrtkj djksA
126. I am giving you this book for the time being.
fQygky eSa rqEgsa ;s fdrkc ns jgk gw¡A
127. Sumit is not seen around.
lqfer vklikl ugha fn[k jgk gSA
128. Mom was not seen around.
eEeh vklikl ugha fn[k jgh FkhaA
129. They are not seen around.
os vklikl ugha fn[k jgs gSaA
130. He started studying and made it look as if he had been studying for a long.
oks i<+us yxk vkSj ,slk fn[kk;k ekuks oks dkQh nsj ls i<+ jgk gksA
131. Let‟ s stroll. / Let‟ s walk.
pyks Vgyrs gSaA
132. These books are of no use to me.
;s fdrkcsa esjs fdlh dke dh ugha A
133. India is tottering against Australia.
Hkkjr vkWLVªsfy;k ds fo:)@f[kykQ+ yM+[kM+k jgk gSA
134. Will you do me a favor?
D;k rqe esjh enn djksxs \@D;k rqe eq> ij ,d vglku djksxs \
135. The auspicious date of Kalpana‟ s marriage is 13th of April 2013.
dYiuk dh ‚kknh dh ‚kqHk frFkh 13 vizSy 2013 gSA
136. What wrong have I done to him?
eSaus mlds lkFk D;k xyr fd;k gS \
137. We are not in speaking terms. / We don‟ t talk to each other.
gekjs chp ckrphr ugha gSA
276
138. We are not in visiting terms. / We don‟ t visit each other‟ s homes. / We don‟ t go to
each other‟ s homes.
gekjs chp ,d nwljs ds ;gk¡ vkuk tkuk ugha gSA
139. It is not worthwhile going there. / There is no benefit to go there.
ogk¡ tkuk Bhd ugha gSA
140. You should confess your fault. / You should accept your mistake.
rqEgsa viuh xyrh eku ysuh pkfg, A
141. I will not spare you.
eSa rqEgsa ugha NksM+w¡xk A
142. To be honest, I am very happy.
lp dgw¡ rks eSa cgqr [kq‛k gw¡A
143. He has become unconscious.
oks csgks‛k gks x;k gSA
144. Your marriage is drawing near.
rqEgkjh ‚kknh djhc vk jgh gSA
145. The launching date is drawing near.
ykWfUpax dh rkjh[k djhc vk jgh gSA
146. I laid my condition. / I put my condition.
eSaus viuh ‚krZ j[khA
147. I am in a dire need of money.
eq>s iSls dh l[r t+:jr gSA
148. We shouldn‟ t abase/debase/defame others.
gesa nwljkas dk vieku ugha djuk pkfg,A
149. As always, Yashi came to my laps.
ges‛kk dh rjg] ;‛kh esjh xksn esa vk;hA
150. I was craving to see you.
eSa rqEgsa ns[kus ds fy, rM+Ik jgk FkkA
151. What‟ s that bulge in your pocket?
rqEgkjh tsc esa oks mHkjk gqvk D;k gS \
152. What‟ s that bulge in the sea?
leqnz esa oks mHkjk gqvk D;k gS \
153. He is hovering between life and death.
oks ft+Unxh vkSj ekSr ds chp tw>@>wy jgk gSA
154. The flood created havoc there.
Ckk<+ us ogk¡ rckgh epk nhA
155. They created havoc there.
mUgksaus ogk¡ rckgh epk nhA
156. Throughout the day, I was busy.
iwjs fnu eSa O;Lr FkkA
157. Throughout the summers, I used AC.
iwjh xfeZ;ksa esa] eSaus ,lh pyk;kA
158. Please keep still while I take your photograph.
Iyht+ fgyuk er] tc eSa vkidh QksVks [khpw¡A
159. I liked his cordial behavior.
eq>s mldk eS=hiw kZ@Lusgiw kZ O;ogkj vPNk yxkA
160. I don‟ t like those guys who cram at the last month before exams.
eq>s oks yksx ilUn ugha tks bXtS+El ls ,d eghus igys jV ysrs gSaA
161. Doctor tried a lot to keep him alive but of no avail/use.
MkWDVj us mls ft+Unk j[kus dh cgqr dksf‛k‛k dh ij dksbZ Qk;nk ugha gqvkA
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162. Leave the door ajar.
njokts dks vk/kk [kqyk NksM+ nksA
163. The vegetable seller is ripping you off.
lCth cspus okyk vkidks ywV jgk gSA
164. I retorted him in such a way that he will not do it again.
eSusa mls ,slk djkjk tokc fn;k fd oks ;s nksckjk ugha djsxkA
165. What are you fumbling in Almirah?
rqe vyekjh esa D;k VVksy jgs gks \
166. What are you whispering in his ear?
rqe mlds dku esa D;k QqlQqlk jgs gks \
167. We will keep a vigil on his activity.
ge mldh gjdr ij ut+j j[ksaxsA
168. The blood is oozing from the wound.
?kko ls [kwu fudy jgk gSA
169. What do you do in your leisure time?
rqe [kkyh le; esa D;k djrs gks \
170. I am not a puppet.
eSa dBiqryh ugha gw¡A
171. We should be ready for its consequences.
gesa blds ifj kkeksa ds fy, rS;kj jguk pkfg,A
172. This is not love but infatuation.
;s I;kj ugha vkd"kZ k gSA
173. You can keep this book for keeps.
rqe ;s fdrkc ges‛kk ds fy, j[k ldrs gks A
174. He is having a sound sleep.
oks cgqr xgjh uhan esa gSA
175. I had a sound sleep last night.
dy jkr eq>s cgqr xgjh uhan vk;hA
176. Sumit is here.
lqfer ;gk¡ gSA
177. Sumit is very much here.
lqfer ;gha ij gSA ¼t+ksj nsrs gq,½
178. Mom is at home.
eEeh ?kj ij gSaA
179. Mom is very much at home.
eEeh ?kj ij gh gSaA ¼t+ksj nsrs gq,½
180. He was shivering with cold.
oks BaM ls dk¡i jgk FkkA
181. I don‟ t like to run after anybody.
eSa fdlh ds ihNs Hkkxuk ilUn ugha djrk A
182. We should not think ourselves to be clever.
gesa vius vki dks pkykd ugha le>uk pkfg,A
183. I am taking off the clothes.
eSa diM+s mrkj jgk gw¡A
184. I took off the shoes.
eSaus twrs mrkjs A
185. I am putting on the clothes.
eSa diM+s igu jgk gw¡A
278
186. I put on the shoes.
eSaus twrs igus A
187. He put ointment on the wound.
mlus ?kko ij ejge yxk;kA
188. I sighed of relief.
eSaus pSu dh lk¡l yhA
189. There is no problem in our relation.
gekjs fj‛rs esa dksbZ fnDdr ugha gaSA
190. Dowry system is a malediction for our society.
ngst+ izFkk gekjs lekt+ ds fy, ,d vfHk‛kki gSA
191. Terrorist attacks occur due to the security lapse.
vkradoknh geys lqj{kk [kkfe;ksa dh otg ls gksrs gSaA
192. I could see his face after a lapse of six months.
eSa 6 eghus ds ckn mldk psgjk ns[k ik;kA
193. The one, who faces fiasco, sometimes blames to his luck.
tks cqjh rjg vlQyrk dks >syrk gS] oks dHkh&dHkh viuh fdLer dks nks"k nsrk gSA
194. I will leave no stone unturned.
eSa dksbZ dlj ugha NksM+w¡xkA
195. He has been addicted to smoking.
oks flxjsV ihus dk vknh gks x;k gSA
196. He is delivering a lecture.
oks Hkk"k k ns jgk gSA
197. The sun is still at its place.
lw;Z viuh txg ij fLFkj gSA
198. He stood first in class.
oks Dykl esa QLVZ vk;kA
199. I stand second in class.
eSa Dykl esa lSdUM vkrk gw¡A
200. Would that I was a girl. / If I was a girl.
dk‛k eSa yM+dh gksrk A
201. It will serve my purpose.
blls esjk dke pyk tk;sxkA
202. I went for the interview off hand.
eSa fcuk rS;kjh bUVjO;w ds fy, x;k A
203. I am familiar with the heads and tails of life.
eSa thou ds mrkj&p<+ko ls voxr gw¡A
204. We shouldn‟ t lose our temper over trifles.
gesa NksVh&NksVh ckrksa ij vkik ugha [kksuk pkfg,A
205. That criminal is still at large.
oks vijk/kh vHkh Hkh idM+ ls ckgj gSA
206. It is not a matter of kindness. It will rather please me.
;s cM+Iiu dh ckr ugha A eq>s rks cfYd [kq‛kh gksxhA
207. We have plenty of time.
gekjs ikl cgqr le; gSA
208. You are just in time. I would have left just in 2 mins.
rqe fcYdqy le; is vk;sA cl nks feuV esa eSa fudy x;k gksrkA
209. This revolution will unearth the black money.
;g ØkfUr CySd euh dk inkZQk‛k dj nsxhA
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210. I don‟ t want to delve into your matter.
eSa rqEgkjs ekeys esa ugha ?kqluk pkgrkA
211. He has been fired/expelled from the job.
mls ukSdjh ls fudky fn;k x;k gSA
212. Put all the children to sleep.
lHkh cPpksa dks lqyk nksA
213. Sip the juice slowly.
twl dks gYds&gYds fi;ksA
214. Try my coat on.
esjs dksV dks igu ds ns[kksA
215. See him off.
mls fonk dj nksA
216. Look after the guests.
esgekuksa dh ns[kHkky@[kkfrjnkjh djksA
217. Sachin‟ s departure is a terrible blow for India.
Lkfpu dk vk V gksuk Hkkjr ds fy, ,d tcjnLr >Vdk gSA
218. Your work is praiseworthy.
rqEgkjk dke iz‛kaluh; gSA@rqEgkjk dke rkjhQ ds dkfcy gSA
219. Don‟ t be arrogant of your money.
vius iSls dk ?keaM er djksA
220. I give my consent.
eSa viuh vuqefr@lgefr nsrk gw¡A
221. I am not imposing my will on you.
eSa rqe ij viuh et+hZ ugha Fkksi jgk gw¡A
222. You had to suffer because of me.
rqEgsa esjh otg ls ijs‛kkuh >syuh iM+hA
223. You are very short tempered.
rqe cgqr xqLlsckt gksA@rqe tYnh viuk vkik [kks nsrs gksA
224. Settle this matter somehow.
bl ekeys@eqn~ns dks fdlh rjg lqy>kvksA
225. Please apologize on my behalf.
esjh rjQ ls Iyht ekQh ek¡x ysukA
226. I have unknowingly hurt you.
eSaus rqEgsa vutkus esa nq[k igq¡pk;k gSA
227. You knowingly hurt me.
rqeus eq>s tku cw>dj nq[k igq¡pk;k A
228. Many people were injured in the road mishap.
jksM nq?kZVuk esa dbZ yksx ?kk;y gq,A
229. Arrogance can never caress me.
?keaM eq>s dHkh Nw ugha ldrkA
230. Conversation increases the proximity.
ckrphr ls djhch c<+rh gSA
231. He couldn‟ t escape himself from the impulse of cigarette.
oks [kqn dks flxjsV dh ryc ls cpk ugha ik;kA
232. He went through the whole book. / He read the whole book.
mlus iwjh fdrkc i<+hA
233. I go through the newspaper every day. / I read the newspaper every day.
eSa U;wt+isij jkst+ i<+rk gw¡A
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234. Put out the fire lest it should spread around.
vkx cq>k nks dgha pkjkas vksj u QSy tk,A
235. He got off the morning train.
oks lqcg dh Vªsu ls mrjkA
236. He got through the IAS exam.
mlus vkb , ,l bXtS+e ikl dj fy;kA
237. On the way back I went to his home.
okfil vkrs gq,] eSa mlds ?kj x;kA
238. Rs 15 for onions, Rs 12 for beans. It comes to Rs 27.
15 :i;s dk I;kt] 12 :i;s dh chUl] 27 :i;s gks x;kA
239. I am watering the plants.
eSa ikS/kksa dks ikuh ns jgk gw¡A
240. He is a late riser. / He wakes up late in the morning.
oks nsj ls mBrk gSA
241. He is an early riser. / He wakes up early in the morning.
oks tYnh mBrk gSA
242. The demise of his father saddened me.
mlds ikik dh ekSr us eq>s nq[kh dj fn;kA
243. I am supposed to go there today.
eSa vkt ogk¡ tkus okyk gw¡A
244. I will remain indebted to you.
eSa ges‛kk vkidk vkHkkjh@‛kqØxqtkj jgw¡xkA
245. Don‟ t mistake me for a Doctor.
eq>s MkWDVj le>us dh xyrh er djksA
246. He mistook me for an Engineer.
mlus eq>s baftfu;j le>us dh xyrh dhA
247. I agree with you but not quite.
eSa rqels lger gw¡ ij iwjh rjg ugha A
248. These clothes are worn out.
;s diM+s iqjkus@NksVs gks x;s gaSA
249. We should not back out of our promise.
gesa viuh ckr@okns ls ugha eqdjuk pkfg,A
250. This animal is becoming extinct.
;g tkuoj foyqIr gks jgk gSA
251. He ascribed his failure to his bad luck.
mlus viuh vlQyrk dk nks"k viuh cqjh fdLer dks fn;kA
252. He ascribed his success to his dad.
mlus viuh lQyrk dk Js; vius firk dks fn;kA
253. I never shirk responsibility.
eSa ft+Eesnkjh ls dHkh th ugha pqjkrkA
254. This is a backpaining work.
;s dej rksM+ nsus okyk dke gSA
255. Feed me bit by bit.
eq>s FkksM+k&FkksM+k djds f[kykvksA
256. My salary has been credited into my Allahabad bank account.
esjh lSyjh esjs bykgkckn cSad vdkmUV esa vk xbZ gSA
257. I have only 3 leaves in my credit.
esjs ikl dsoy 3 NqfV~V;k¡ gSaA
281
258. He doesn‟ t act on my advice.
oks esjh lykg dks ugha ekurkA
259. Please have a little more.
Iyht+ FkksM+k vkSj yhft,A
260. I am at your service.
eSa vkidh lsok esa gkftj gw¡A
261. You should travel light.
rqEgsa gYds lkeku ds lkFk ;k=k djuh pkfg,A
262. Nobody can stand against fate.
HkkX; ds lkeus dksbZ ugha fVd ldrk A
263. You don‟ t take pity on the poor.
rqe xjhcksa ij n;k ugaha djrsA
264. We tossed a coin, it came down heads.
geus VkWl fd;k] gSM vk;kA
265. We tossed a coin, it came down tails.
geus VkWl fd;k] VsYl vk;kA
266. It‟ s a blistering heat today.
vkt ririkrh xehZ gSA

Dear students,
Aditya Sir
282
Lesson – 35
Extensive Translation Exercise
fuEufyf[kr okD;ksa dk vH;kl djsa o vius vki dks fu[kkfj,A
Practice the following sentences and polishes yourself.
“Practice makes a man perfect.”

“The more you practice, the better you become.”
1- /;ku nhft,A Pay attention

is vVSa‛ku-
2- ekQ djsa vkidks d’V gqvkA Sorry to hurt you.
lkWjh Vq gVZ ;w-
3- tSlh vkidh et+hZA As you wish.
,st+ ;w fo‛k-
4- vkjke ls cSfB,A Feel at home. / Be comfortable.
Qhy ,sV gkse-@ch dEQVsZcy-
5- vki eq>s cksyus nksA ¼xqLls esa½ Let me speak.
ySV eh Lihd-
6- vkius ge ij cgqr dìk dhA It‟ s very kind of you.
bV~l oSjh dkbZUM vkWQ ;w-
7- lkspus ds fy, oDr nhft,A Give me some time to think.
fxo eh le Vkbe Vq fFkd a -
8- vkils feydj [kq‛kh gqbZA Pleasure to meet you.
IyS‛k+j Vq ehV ;w -
9- mlus tku cw>dj rqEgsa nq[k igq¡pk;kA He knowingly hurt you.
gh uksbaxyh gVZ ;w -
10- xyrh vutkus esa gqbZA It happened unknowingly.
bV gSiUM vuuksbaxyh-
11- eSa lM+d ikj dj jgk FkkA I was crossing the road.
vkb okWt+ ØkSflax n jksM -
12- eq>s ekSr ls Mj ugha yxrkA I am not afraid of death.
vkb ,e ukWV vQjsM vkWQ MSFk-
13- rqEgsa ‚keZ vkuh pkfg,A You must be ashamed.
;w eLV ch v‛ksEM-
14- rqEgkjh ,slk djus dh fgEer dSls gqbZ ! How dare you do so!
gko Msvj ;w Mw lks !
15- rqEgkjh fgEer dSls gqbZ ! How dare you!
gko Msvj ;w !
16- rqEgkjs fcuk eSa fcYdqy vdsyk gks x;k gw¡A I am lonely without you.
vk;e yksUyh fonkmV ;w -
17- eSa jkst+ vkidh QksVks ns[krk FkkA I would see your pic daily.
vkb oqM lh ;kSj fid Msyh-
18- eq>s uhan vk jgh gSA I am feeling sleepy.
vk;e Qhfyax Lyhih-
283
19- eSa vkils ijlksa lqcg feyw¡xkA I‟ ll meet you day after tomorrow.
vkby ehV ;w Ms vkQVj VqekWjks-
20- D;k eq>s ,d Xykl ikuh fey ldrk gS \ Can I get a glass of water?
dSu vk; xSV v Xykl vkWQ okWVj \
21- vkt jkgqy dk tUefnu gSA It‟ s Rahul‟ s birthday today.
bV~l jkgqYl cFkZMs VqMs-
22- rqe bruk dke er djks Fkd tkvksxsA Don‟ t do this much work, you will get tired.
MksUV Mw fnl ep odZ] ;w foy xSV Vk;MZ-
23- eq>s cgqr t+ksj fd Hkw[k yxh gSA I am feeling very appetite.
vk;e Qhfyax oSjh ,siSVkbV-
24- rqe [kke[kk ijs‛kku gks jgs gksA You are stressed for no reason.
;w vkj LVªSLM QkWj uks jht+u-
25- vius vki ij Hkjkslk j[kksA Be confident.
ch dkWufQMSUV-
26- mls rqEgkjh enn dh t+:jr gSA He needs your help.
gh uhM~l ;kSj gSYi-
27- vkWfQl dsoy 20 feuV dh nwjh ij gSA It takes only 20 mins to reach office.
bV VsDl vksUyh V~oSUVh feuV~l Vq jhp vkWfQl-
28- eSa mUgsa vPNh rjg ls tkurk gw¡A I know him very well.
vkb uks fge oSjh oSy-
29- vkt 4 Qjojh gS og vizSy esa vk,xkA It‟ s 4th Feb today, he will come in April.
bV~l QksFkZ QSc VqMs] gh foy de bu ,fizy-
30- eSa 3 lIrkg ls ;gk¡ jg jgk gw¡A I‟ ve been here for 3 weeks.
vkbo chu fg;j QkWj Fkzh ohDl-
31- ‚;ke ;gk¡ 1985 ls jg jgk gSA Shyam has been here since 1985.
‚;ke gSt+ chu fg;j flUl ukbZUVhu ,Vh Qkbo-
32- esjs vkus ls igys ;gk¡ dkSu jgrk Fkk \ Who lived here before me?
gw fyOM fg;j fcQksj eh \
33- rqEgsa tkus ls igys crkuk pkfg, FkkA You must have told before leaving.
;w eLV gSo VksYM fcQksj yhohax-
34- ‚;ke jksfgr dk iM+kslh gSA Shyam is Rohit‟ s neighbor.
‚;ke bt+ jksfgRl uscj-
35- esjs ?kj ls FkksM+h nwj vtZqu dk ?kj gSA Rohit‟ s home is little afar from mine.
jksfgRl gkse bt+ fyfVy vQkj ÝkWe ekbu-
36- rqEgsa vkWfQl igq¡pus esa fdruk le; yxrk gS \ How long do you take to reach office?
gko yk¡x Mq ;w Vsd Vq jhp vkWfQl\
37- rqEgsa viuk [kqn /;ku j[kuk pkfg,A You must take care of yourself by your own.
;w eLV Vsd dsvj vkWQ ;kSjlSYQ ck; ;kSj vksu-
38- oks esjs fy, dqN Hkh dj ldrk gSA He can do anything for me.
gh dSu Mw ,sfufFkax QkWj eh-
39- eSa tkurk gw¡ fd rqe ,slk D;ksa dj jgs gksA I know, why you are doing so.
vkb uks ok; ;w vkj Mwbax lks -
40- eS vkWfQl ds fy, fudy gh jgk FkkA I was just leaving for work.
vkb okt+ tLV yhfoax QkWj odZ-
41- jke dh vksj ls ek¡Qh ek¡x yhft,A Kindly say sorry on Ram‟ s behalf.
dkbUMyh ls lkWjh vkWu jkEl fcgkQ+-
42- jke FkksM+k ysV gks x;kA Ram got a little late.
jke xkWV v fyfVy ysV-
284
43- lqudj cgqr nq[k gqvkA Sorry to hear that.
lkWjh Vq fgvj nSV-
44- vxj vkKk nsa rks dqN dguk pkgw¡xkA If you allow, I would like to say something.
bQ ;w vyko] vkbZ oqM ykbZd Vq ls lefFkUx-
45- ek¡Q dhft, ¼Qksu ugha lquus ij½ Beg your pardon! / Sorry. / I couldn‟ t get it.
csx ;ksj ikjMu!@lkWjh!@vkbZ dqUV xsV bV-
46- pfy, eSa vkidh enn dj nw¡A Let me help you.
ySV eh gSYi ;w-
47- pfy, eSa vkidh FkksM+h enn dj nsrk gw¡A Let me help you.
ySV eh gSYi ;w-
48- FkksM+k f[klfd,A Kindly move a bit.
dkbUM~yh ewo v fcV-
49- D;k eSa cSB ldrk gw¡ \ May I sit?
es vkbZ flV \
50- D;k vki esjs fy, FkksM+k le; fudky ldrs gSa \ Can you please spare some time for me?
dSu ;w Iyht+ Lis;j le Vkbe QkWj eh \
51- ,slk xyrh ls gqvkA It happened by mistake.
bV gSiUM ck; feLVsd-
52- ,slk rqDds ls gqvkA It happened by chance.
bV gSiUM ck; pkUl-
53- Eksjh vksj ls ek¡Qh ek¡x yhft,A Convey my apologies.
dUos ek; vikWykstht+-
54- eSa iwjh dksf‛k‛k d:axkA I‟ ll try my level best.
vkbZy Vªk; ek; ySoy cSLV-
55- vc eSa dqN cksyw¡A May I say something now?
es vkbZ ls lefFkax uko \
56- mEehn gS vki ets esa gksA Hope, you are enjoying yourself.
gksi] ;w vkj ,sutkWf;ax ;kSjlSYQ-
57- dìk djds /khjs cksfy,A Please speak slowly.
Iyht+ Lihd Lyksyh-
58- ;s lqudj rqEgsa cgqr nq[k gksxkA You will be hurt hearing this.
;w foy ch gVZ fgvfjax fnl-
59- rqe D;k pkgrs gks \ What do you want?
oV Mq ;w okWUV \
60- rqe D;k lksp jgs gks \ What are you thinking?
oV vkj ;w fFkafdax \
61- D;k rqe dqN cksyuk pkgrs gks \ Do you want to say something?
Mq ;w okWUV Vq ls lefFkax \
62- rqEgkjs firkth D;k dke djrs gSa \ What is your father? / What does your father do?
oV bt+ ;kSj QknlZ \ @ oV Mt+ ;kSj Qknj Mw \
63- jke vkt dy D;k dj jgk gS \ What is Ram doing these days?
oV bt+ jke Mqbax nht+ Mst+ \
64- rqEkus tks dgk bldk D;k eryc gS \ What do you mean?
oV Mq ;w ehu \
65- fnus‛k D;k djrk gS \ What does Dinesh do?
oV Mt+ fnus‛k Mw \
66- D;k rqEkus dksf‛k‛k dh \ Did you try?
fMM ;w Vªk; \
285
67- rqEkus vius Hkfo’; ds fy, D;k lkspk gS \ What have you thought for your career?
oV gSo ;w FkkWV QkWj ;kSj dfj;j \
68- rqe dkSu gks \ Who are you?
gw vkj ;w \
69- os yksx dkSu Fks \ Who were they/those people?
gw oj ns@nkst+ ihiy \
70- Mk¡l fdlus fd;k \ Who danced?
gw MkULM \
71- nsgjknwu dkSu tk,xk \ Who will go Dehradun?
gw foy xks nsgjknwu \
72- ;s xkuk fdlus fy[kk \ Who wrote this song?
gw jksV fnl lkWUx \
73- ;gk¡ dkSu vk;k Fkk \ Who had come here?
gw gSM de fg;j \
74- vkidks fdlls feyuk gS \ Who do you want to meet?
gw Mq ;w okWUV Vq ehV \
75- eq>ls dkSu feyuk pkgrk gS \ Who wants to meet me?
gw okWUV~l Vq ehV eh \
76- rqEgsa fdlls ckr djuh gS \ Whom do you want to talk?
gwe Mq ;w okWUV Vq VkWd \
77- bl fcfYMax dk efyd dkSu gS \ Who is the owner of this building?
gw bt+ n vksuj vkWQ fnl fcfYMax \
78- rqe n¶rj dSls tkrs gks \ How do you go to office?
gko Mq ;w xks Vq vkWfQl \
79- vc vkidh rch;r dSlh gS \ How are you now?
gko vkj ;w uko \
80- vki bruh xehZ esa dSls jgrs gks \ How do you manage in such a heat?
gko Mq ;w eSust bu lp v ghV \
81- jke dk ?kj dSlk gS \ How is Ram‟ s house?
gko bt+ jkEl gk l \
82- nsgjknwu esa ekSle dSlk gS \ How is the weather in Dehradun?
gko bt+ n oSnj bu nsgjknwu \
83- rqEgkjs firkth fd vk;q fdruh gS \ How old is your father?
gko vksYM bt+ ;kSj Qknj \
84- rqe okil dSls vk;s \ How did you come back?
gko fMM ;w de cSd \
85- nsgjknwu ls esjB fdruh nwj gS \ How far is Meerut from Dehradun?
gko Qkj bt+ esjB ÝkWe nsgjknwu \
86- djhc 100 fdyksehVjA About 100 kilometers.
vckmV gUMªSM fdyksfeVj-
87- rqEgsa ogk¡ ig¡qpus esa fdruk oDr yxsxk \ How much time will you take to reach there?
gko ep Vkbe foy ;w Vsd Vq jhp ns;j \
88- rqe dkSu lh fdrkc i<+uk pkgrs gks \ Which book do you want to read?
fop cqd Mq ;w okWUV Vq jhM \
89- rqEgkjk euilan xkuk dkSu lk gS \ Which is your favorite song?
fop bt+ ;kSj QsojsV lk¡x \
90- rqe dkSu lh fQYe ns[kuk ilan djksxh \ Which movie would you like to watch?
fop ewoh oqM ;w ykbd Vq okWp \
286
91- rqEgsa dkSu lk xkuk lcls T+;knk ilan gS \ Which song do you like the most?
fop lkWUx Mq ;w ykbZd n eksLV \
92- rqe dkSu ls LVs‛ku ij gks \ Which station you are at?
fop LVs‛ku ;w vkj ,sV \
93- rqe [ksyus dc tkrs gks \ When do you go to play?
oSu Mq ;w xks Vq Iys \
94- jke dc i<+rk gS \ When does Ram study?
oSu Mt+ jke LVMh \
95- rqEkus lhrk dks dc ns[kk \ When did you see Seeta?
oSu fMM ;w lh lhrk \
96- jke Ldwy dc vk,xk \ When will Ram come school?
oSu foy jke de Ldwy \
97- rqe f‛keyk ls dc vk;s \ When did you come back from Shimla?
oSu fMM ;w de cSd ÝkWe f‛keyk \
98- vkidk HkkbZ dgk¡ dke djrk gS \ Where does your brother work?
oSu Mt+ ;kSj cznj odZ \
99- vkius ;s iqLrd dgk¡ ls yh \ Where did you take this book from?
os;j fMM ;w Vsd fnl cqd ÝkWe \
100- jke jkst dgk¡ tkrk gS \ Where does Ram go daily?
os;j Mt+ jke xks Msyh \
101- rqe dgk¡ ls vk jgs gks \ Where are you coming from?
os;j vkj ;w dfeax ÝkWe \
102- rqe dy dgk¡ tkvksxh \ Where will you go tomorrow?
os;j foy ;w xks VqekWjks \
103- rqe ,slh cdokl D;ksa djrs gks \ Why do you talk such a nonsense?
ok; Mq ;w VkWd lp v ukWulSUl \
104- mlus rqEgas ,slk D;ksa dgk \ Why did he say so to you?
ok; fMM gh ls lks Vq ;w \
105- jke vkt xqLls esa D;ksa Fkk \ Why was Ram angry today?
ok; okWt+ jke ,saxzh VqMs \
106- vkt rqe Ldwy D;ksa ugha x;s \ Why did you not go to school today?
ok; fMM ;w ukWV xks Vq Ldwy VqMs \
107- D;k gqvk \ What happened?
oV gSiUM \
108- D;k jke us eq>s cqyk;k Fkk \ Had Ram called me?
gSM jke dkWYM eh \
109- eSa tk ¡ \ May I go? / Shall I go?
es vkbZ xks \@‚kSy vkbZ xks \
110- eSa Hkh lkFk pyw¡ \ May I accompany you? / Shall I accompany
you?
es vkbZ vdEiuh ;w \@‛kSy vkbZ vdEiuh ;w \
111- D;k ‚;ke vk jgk gS \ Is Shyam coming?
bt+ ‚;ke dfeax \
112- eSa dqN yk ¡ \ Do I bring something?
Mq vkbZ fczax lefFkax \
113- rqEgkjk eryc D;k gS \ What do you mean?
oV Mq ;w ehu \
114- le> x;s \ Understood?
vUMLZVqM \
287
115- D;k jke vanj gS \ Is Ram in?
bt+ jke bu \
116- vanj dkSu gS \ Who is in?
gw bt+ bu \
117- jke dgk¡ gS \ Where is Ram?
os;j bt+ jke \
118- vki dc vk;s \ When did you come?
oSu fMM ;w de \
119- esjk ,d dke djksxs \ Would you do me a favor?
oqM ;w Mw eh v Qsoj \
120- dy rqEgkjh NqV~Vh Fkh D;k \ Were you in off yesterday?
oj ;w bu vkWQ ;LVMsZ \
121- D;k rqe dgha tk jgs gks \ Are you going somewhere?
vkj ;w xksbZax leos;j \
122- dEI;wVj pkyw djsa D;k \ Do we switch on the computer?
Mq oh fLop vkWu n dEI;wVj \
123- D;k rqEgas irk gS \ Do you know?
Mq ;w uks \
124- D;k rqe Ldwy ugha tkvksxs \ Will you not go to school?
foy ;w ukWV xks Vq Ldwy \
125- D;k [kjkch gS \ What is the fault?
oV bt+ n QkWYV \
126- vki eq>ls ukjkt gSa D;k \ Are you annoyed with me?
vkj ;w vukWbM fon eh \
127- crkbZ;s eSa vkidh D;k lsok dj ldrk gw¡ \ Tell me, how can I help you?
VSy eh] gko dSu vk; gSYi ;w \
128- ge dgk¡ ij gSa \ Where are we?
os;j vkj oh \
129- dkSu vk;k Fkk njokts ij \ Who was there at the door?
gw okWt+ ns;j ,sV n Mksj \
130- ;g fdldk eksckbZy uEcj gS \ Whose mobile number is this?
gwt+ eksckbZy uEcj bt+ fnl \
131- rqe dc feyksxs \ When will you meet?
oSu foy ;w ehV \
132- rqe okil dSls vk;s \ How did you come back?
gko fMM ;w de cSd \
133- jke us i<+kbZ D;ksa NksM+h \ Why did Ram drop studies?
ok; fMM jke MªkWi LVMht+ \
134- vc vkids firkth dSls gSa \ How is your father now?
gko bt+ ;kSj Qknj uko \
135- lcls vPNh ‚kVZ dkSu lh gS \ Which shirt is the best?
fop ‚kVZ bt+ n csLV \
136- oks yM+dk dgk¡ gS \ Where is that boy?
os;j bt+ nSV ckW; \
137- vc gekjh vxyh eqykdkr dc gksxh \ When will we meet next?
oSu foy oh ehV uSDLV \
138- ;g ‚kVZ fdrus dh gS \ What is the cost of this shirt?
oV bt+ n dkWLV vkWQ fnl ‚kVZ \
288
139- fdrus fnu yxsaxs \ How long will it take?
gko ykWUx foy bV Vsd \
140- ;g njoktk cUn D;ksa gS \ Why is this door closed?
ok; bt fnl Mksj DyksT+M \
141- vkt dkSu lh fQYe yxh gS \ Which movie is on today?
fop ewoh bt+ vkWu VqMs \
142- vki brus ijs‛kku D;ksa gSa \ Why are you so worried?
ok; vkj ;w lks ofjM \
143- rqe eq÷ks D;ksa ugha le>rs \ Why don‟ t you understand me?
ok; MksUV ;w vUMLZVSUM eh \
144- eSa vkils dqN iwN jgk gw¡ \ I am asking you something.
vk;e vkfLdax ;w lefFkax-
145- D;k vki esjh ckr lqu jgs gks \ Are you listening to me?
vkj ;w fylfuax Vq eh \
146- D;k vki eq>s igpkurs gks \ Do you know me?
Mq ;w uks eh \
147- eSa rqEgkjs fy, D;k yk ¡ \ What do I bring for you?
oV Mq vk; fczax QkWj ;w \
148- ;gh eksckbZy eSa pkgrk FkkA This is the very mobile, I want.
fnl bt+ n oSjh eksckbZy] vkbZ okWUV -
149- ;s esjh iqLrdsa gSa] os rqEgkjh iqLrdsa gSa A These are my books, those are yours.
nht+ vkj ek; cqDl] nkst+ vkj ;kSlZ-
150- ;s iqLrdsa esjh gSa] os iqLrdsa rqEgkjh gSa A These books are mine, those are yours.
nht+ cqDl vkj ekbu] nkst vkj ;kSlZ -
151- bu yM+dksa es ls gjsd Ldwy tkrk gSA Each one of these boys goes to school.
bZp ou vkWQ nht+ ckW;t+ xkst+ Vq Ldwy-
152- geus f‛keyk esa [kwc vkuUn fy;k A We enjoyed a lot in Shimla.
oh ,UtkW;M v ykWV bu f‛keyk -
153- rqEgkjs :[ks O;ogkj ls mls pksV igq¡ph gSA Your rude behavior has hurt him.
;kSj :M fcgsfo;j gSt+ gVZ fge-
154- ;g fdrkc rqEgkjs fdlh dke dh ugha gSA This book is of no use to you.
fnl cqd bt+ vkWQ uks ;wt+ Vq ;w -
155- rqEgsa vHkh rqjUr tkuk gksxk A You will have to leave right away.
;w foy gSo Vq yho jkbV vos-
156- ;s fdrkc fdldh gS \ Whose is this book?
gwt bt+ fnl cqd \
157- vkils ;s mEehn ugha FkhA I didn‟ t expect it from you.
vkbZ fMUV ,sDliSDV bV ÝkWe ;w -
158- rqEgkjh vkokt+ cgqr vPNh gSA Your voice is pretty nice.
;kSj okWbl bt+ fizfV ukbl-
159- eSa vkidk ges‛kk ,glkuean jgw¡xk A I will be indebted to you.
vkbZ foy ch bUMSfVM Vq ;w -
160- njokts is dkSu [kM+k gS \ Who is at the door?
gw bt+ ,sV n Mksj \
161- eS rqe ij Hkjkslk dSls dj ldrk gw¡ \ How can I trust you?
gkWo dSu vk; VªLV ;w \
162- esjh ckr /;ku ls lquks A Listen to me carefully.
fylu Vq eh dsvjQqyh-
289
163- eq>s bl fdrkc dh dher ugha ekywe A I have no idea of the cost of this book.
vkbZ gSo uks vkbfM;k vkWQ n dkWLV vkWQ fnl cqd-
164- Xykl esa FkksM+k ikuh vkSj MkyksA Pour some more water into the glass.
iksj le eksj okWVj buVq n Xykl-
165- i= Mkd }kjk Hkstk x;kA Letter was sent by post.
ySVj okWt+ lSUV ck; iksLV-
166- xsan dks nhokj ds ij ls Qsadks A Throw the ball over the wall.
Fkzks n ckWy vksoj n okWy -
167- eSa ykbu esa rqEgkjs vkxs FkkA I was ahead of you in the queue.
vkbZ okWt+ vgSM vkWQ ;w bu n D;w-
168- ‚;ke rqEgkjs ihNs [kM+k FkkA Shyam was standing behind you.
‚;ke okWt+ LVSfUMax fcgkbUM ;w-
169- dye est ij gSA Pen is on the table.
iSu bt+ vkWu n Vscy-
170- eSa vanj vk jgk gw¡A I am coming in.
vk;e dfeax bu-
171- iqy ds uhps ,d uko FkhA There was a boat under the bridge.
ns;j okWt+ v cksV vUMj n fczt-
172- fdrkc rfd, ds uhps gSA Book is beneath / underneath the pillow.
cqd bt+ fcuhFk@vUMjuhFk n fiyks-
173- esjs firk dh txg dksbZ ugha ys ldrkA Nobody can replace my father.
ukscMh dSu fjIysl ek; Qknj-
174- dHkh vius ekrk firk ds fo#) ugha tkuk pkfg,A Never go against your parents.
usoj xks vxsULV ;kSj isjsUV~l-
175- lksp gh bUlku dks cM+k cukrh gSA Thinking makes a person great.
fFkafdax esDl v ijlu xszV-
176- [kqn ds fy, rks gj dksbZ djrk gSA Obviously, Everybody does for himself.
vkWfc;lyh] ,sojhcMh Mt+ QkWj fgelSYQ-
177- rqe eq>ls ukjkt+ ugha gks u \ You are not angry with me, are you?
;w vkj ukWV ,axzh fon eh] vkj ;w \
178- rqe mlls bruh uQjr D;ksa djrs gks \ Why do you hate him this much?
Okk; Mq ;w gsV fge fnl ep \
179- eSa mlls dqN dguk pkgrk gw¡A I want to say something to him.
vkbZ okWUV Vq ls lefFkax Vq fge-
180- vkt ds ckn oks rqEgsa dHkh pksV ugha igq¡pk;sxkA Now onwards, he will never hurt you.
uko vkWuoMZ~l] gh foy uSoj gVZ ;w-
181- eSa rqEgsa tkus ugha nw¡xk A I will not let you go.
vkbZ foy ukWV ySV ;w xks -
182- eq>s xqLlk vk jgk gS A I am feeling angry.
vk;e Qhyhax ,Uxzh-
183- eq>s cqjk yx jgk gS A I am feeling bad.
vk;e Qhyhax cSM-
184- rqEgsa ,slk ugha dguk pkfg, Fkk A You shouldn‟ t have said so.
;w ‚kqMUV gSo lsM lks-
185- vkt tgk¡ eSa g¡w] dy dksbZ vkSj FkkA Today where I am, earlier somebody else was.
VqMs os;j vk;e] vjfy;j lecMh ,sYl okWt+-
186- ;s Hkh ,d nkSj gS] oks Hkh ,d nkSj FkkA It‟ s also a time, that was also a time.
bV~l vkWYlks v VkbZe] nSV okWt+ vkWYlks v VkbZe-
290
187- eSa tkuk rks pkgrk gw¡ ij tk ugha ldrkA I want to go but I can‟ t.
vkbZ okWUV Vq xks cV vkbZ dkUV-
188- ;s esjh etcwjh gh rks gSA It‟ s nothing but my helplessness.
bV~l ufFkax cV ekW; gSYiySluSl-
189- ;s dqN iUus gh rks gSaA These are nothing but a few papers.
nht+ vkj ufFkax cV v ¶;w isilZ-
190- crkvks] eq>s D;k djuk pkfg, \ Tell me, what should I do?
VSy eh] oV ‚kqM vkbZ Mw \
191- oks fnYyh ls vHkH&2 vk;k gSA He has just come from Delhi.
gh gSt+ tLV de ÝkWe MSYgh-
192- rqe ges‛kk eq>s ogk¡ tkus ls jksdrs gksA You always stop me from going there.
;w vkWyost+ LVkWi eh ÝkWe xksbZax ns;j-
193- rqEgsa rEckdw ls cpuk pkfg,A You must refrain from Tobacco.
;w eLV fjsÝsu ÝkWe VcSdks-
194- rqEgsa vius dke esa O;Lr jguk pkfg,A You must be busy in your work.
;w eLV ch fct+h bu ;kSj odZ-
195- gesa lQyrk dk iwjk Hkjkslk gSA We are sure of success.
oh vkj ‚;ksj vkWQ lDlSl-
196- eSa ges‛kk flQZ rqEgkjs ckjs esa lksprk gw¡A I always think only about you.
vkbZ vkWyost+ fFkad vksuyh vckmV ;w-
197- rqe Hkh vaxszt+h lh[kuk pkgrs gks] gS u \ You also want to learn English, don‟ t you?
;w vkWylks okWUV Vq yuZ baxfy‛k] MksUV ;w \
198- eq>s vkidk i= feyk ij eSa i<+ ugh ldkA I got your letter but I couldn‟ t read.
vkbZ xkWV ;kSj ySVj cV vkbZ dqMUV jhM-
199- tc vki vk;s] oks fudy pqdk FkkA When you came, he had left.
oSu ;w de] gh gSM yS¶V-
200- fdlh dk fny nq[kk ds fdlh dks dqN gkfly ugha gksrkANobody gains nothing by hurting someone.
ukscMh xsUl ufFkax ck; gfVZax leou-
201- D;k vkidks ugha ekywe] oks chekj py jgk gS \ Don‟ t you know, he is unwell?
MksUV ;w uks] gh bt+ vuoSy \
202- eSa tkurk gw¡] vki eq>ls ukjkt gksA I know, you are not happy with me.
vkbZ uks] ;w vkj ukWV gSIih fon eh -
203- og fxVkj dk vknh gks x;k gSA fnu jkr ctkrk gSAHe is addicted of guitar, plays day and night.
gh bt+ ,sfMfDVM vkWQ fxVkj] Iyst+ Ms ,sUM ukbV-
204- rqe ,slk dSls dj ldrs gksA How can you do this?
gko dSu ;w Mw fnl \
205- rqe ,slk lksp Hkh dSls ldrs gksA How can you even think so?
gko dSu ;w bZou fFkad lks \
206- rqe fnu jkr mUufr djks] ;gh esjh nqvk gSA May God bless you!
es xkWM CySl ;w!
207- ;g i= cq/kokj rd igq¡p tkuk pkfg,A This letter must reach before Wednesday.
fnl ySVj eLV jhp fcQksj osUt+Ms-
208- rqEgsa ns[kdj eq>s vius HkkbZ dh ;kn vkrh gSA You remind me of my brother.
;w fjekbUM eh vkWQ ek; cznj -
209- eSa ges‛kk rqEgkjk [;ky j[kw¡xkA I will always take care of you.
vkbZ foy vkWyost+ Vsd dsvj vkWQ ;w-
210- mls I;kj dk eryc ugha irkA He doesn‟ t know the meaning of love.
gh Mt+u uks n ehfuax vkWQ yo-
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211- vkt cq/kokj gS] oks jfookj dks vk,xkA It‟ s Wednesday today, he will come on
Sunday.
bV~l osUt+Ms VqMs] gh foy de vkWu lUMs-
212- oks esjs dke ls cgqr [kq‛k gq,A He got very happy with my work.
gh xkWV oSjh gSIih fon ek; odZ-
213- eq>s bl ckr fd [kq‛kh gS fd eSa rqEgkjk nksLr gw¡A I am happy to be your friend.
vk;e gSIih Vq ch ;kSj ÝSUM-
214- ;s esjk lkSHkkX; gS fd eSa rsjk nksLr gw¡A It‟ s my pleasure to be your friend.
bV~l ek; IyS‛k+j Vq ch ;kSj ÝSUM-
215- vkils ckr djds cgqr vPNk yxkA It was pleasure talking to you.
bV okWt+ IyS‛k+j VkWfdax Vq ;w-
216- ?kcjkvks er A Don‟ t worry.
MksUV ojh-
217- rqEgsa vPNk O;ogkj djuk pkfg,A You must behave well.
;w eLV fcgso oSy-
218- eSa dke esa yxk gqvk FkkA I was into some work.
vkbZ okWt+ buVq le odZ-
219- rqEgsa mldk t+jk Hkh [;ky ugha vk;kA You didn‟ t even think about him.
;w fMUV bou fFkad vckmV fge-
220- gesa vius ekrk firk dk vknj djuk pkfg,A We must respect our parents.
oh eLV fjLiSDV voj@vkj isjsaV~l-
221- rqe dgk¡ tkuk pkgrs gks \ Where do you want to go?
os;j Mq ;w okWUV Vq xks \
222- vkidks gqbZ vlqfo/kk ds fy, gesa [ksn gSA Inconvenience regretted.
budUohfUk;Ul fjxzSVsM-
223- eSa rqels t+:j feyw¡xk A I‟ ll surely meet you.
vkby ‚;ksjyh ehV ;w -
224- eSa vkidk bart+kj d:¡xk A I‟ ll wait for you.
vkby osV QkWj ;w -
225- eq>s rqels dqN dguk gSA I want to say something to you.
vkbZ okWUV Vq ls lefFkax Vq ;w-
226- ge lcdks vaxzsth Hkk’kk lh[kuh pkfg,A We all must learn English language.
oh vkWy eLV yuZ bZaxfy‛k ySaxost-
227- mldh izfrHkk dkfcysrkjhQ gSA His talent is praiseworthy.
fgt+ VSysUV bt+ izst+onhZ-
228- eSa vHkh baftfu;fjax dh i<+kbZ dj jgk gw¡A I am pursuing Engineering.
vk;e ijlqf;ax ,aaftfu;fjax-
229- eq>s fdrkc i<+uk cgqr ilan gSA I love reading books.
vkbZ yo jhfMax cqDl-
230- vc eq>s pyuk pkfg,A I must leave now.
vkbZ eLV yho uko-
231- tc rd rqe esgur ugha djksxs] lQy ugha gks ikvksxsAUnless you work hard, you‟ll not be able to succeed.
vuysl ;w odZ gkMZ] ;w foy ukWV ch ,cy Vq lDlhM-
232- rqe ijlksa fnYyh esa FksA You were in Delhi day before yesterday.
;w oj bu MSYgh Ms fcQksj ;LVMZs-
233- rqe dgha Hkh tkvks] eSa rqEgsa ugha NksM+wxkA You go anywhere, I‟ ll not spare you.
;w xks ,uhos;j] vkbZy ukWV Lis;j ;w-
234- tc rc vki ugha vkvksxs] eSa bUrt+kj d#¡xkA Until you come, I‟ ll wait.
vufVy ;w de] vkbZy osV-
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235- oks bruk chekj gS fd fcLrj ls mB ugha ldrkA He is too weak to rise from the bed.
gh bt+ Vw ohd Vq jkbt+ ÝkWe n csM-
236- rqe ,d vPNs dykdkj cu ldrs gks vxj rqe ;s djksAYou can become a good artist, provided you do this.
;w dSu fcde v xqM vkfVZLV] izksokbMsM ;w Mw fnl-
237- og bruk det+ksj gS fd py ugha ldrkA He is too weak to walk.
gh bt+ Vw ohd Vq okWd-
238- tSls gh eSaus [ksyuk ‚kq: fd;k] ikik vk x;sA The moment I started playing, dad turned up.
n ekWesUV vkbZ LVkVsZM Iysbax] MSM VuZM~ vi-
239- mlus ,slk D;k dgk fd rqEgsa cqjk yx x;k \ What did he say to make you feel bad?
oV fMM gh ls Vq esd ;w Qhy cSM \
240- pyks dgha ?kweus pyrs gSaSA Let‟ s go somewhere for a walk.
ySV~l xks leos;j QkWj v a okWd-
241- esjk rqEgas nq[k igq¡pkus dk dksbZ bZjknk ugha FkkA I didn‟ t mean to hurt you.
vkbZ fMUV ehu Vq gVZ ;w-
242- esjk rqEgas nq[k igq¡pkus dk dksbZ bZjknk ugha gSA I don‟ t mean to hurt you.
vkbZ MksUV ehu Vq gVZ ;w-
243- jke dk rqEgas nq[k igq¡pkus dk dksbZ bZjknk ugha gSA Ram doesn‟ t mean to hurt you.
jke Mt+u ehu Vq gVZ ;w-
244- rqe rks tkurs gks fd eSa etcwj gw¡A You know it very well that I am helpless.
;w uks bV oSjh oSy nSV vk;e gSYiySl-
245- eq>s ekQ djuk eSa rqEgkjh dksbZ enn ugha dj ldrkAI am sorry, I can‟ t help you.
vk;e lkWjh] vkbZ dkUV gSYi ;w-
246- gesa [kq‛kh gS fd vkt ge brus yksxksa rd igq¡p pqds gaSA We are happy to reach these many people now.
oh vkj gSIih Vq jhp nht+ eSuh ihiy uko-
247- vki yksxksa ds lg;ksx ds fy, /kU;oknA Thanks for your cooperation.
FkSaDl QkWj ;kSj dqvkWijs‛ku-
248- rqe eq>ls feyus dc vkvksxs \ When will you come to meet me?
oSu foy ;w de Vq ehV eh \
249- esjs firkth eq>s MkWDVj cukuk pkgrs gSaA My father wants me to become a doctor.
ek; Qknj okWUV~l eh Vq fcde v MkWDVj-
250- eSa mUkdk ;s liuk t+:j iwjk d:¡xkA I‟ ll surely make his dream come true.
vkbZy ‚;ksjyh esd fnl Mªhe de Vwª -
251- ?kj ls fudyk gh Fkk fd ckfj‛k ‚kq: gks x;hA No sooner had I left home, than it started raining.
uks lwuj gSM vkbZ yS¶V gkse] nsu bV LVkVsZM jsfuax-
252- va/ksjk u gks tk, blls igys gesa ;gk¡ ls fudyuk pkfg,A We must leave before it gets dark.
oh eLV yho fcQ+ksj bV xSV~l MkdZ-
253- tc rd tokc ugha nksxs] eSa rqEgsa tkus ugha nw¡xkA Until you answer, I‟ ll not let you go.
vufVy ;w vkUlj] vkbZy ukWV ySV ;w xks-
254- eSa ckt+kj x;k Fkk] jktw eq>s feyk FkkA I met Raju in market.
vkbZ eSV jktw bu ekdsZV-
255- eq>s vius vki ij Hkjkslk gSA I believe in myself.
vkbZ fcyho bu ek;lSYQ-
256- ge 15 tuojh dks fnYyh ds fy, jokuk gq,A We left for Delhi on 15th January.
oh yS¶V Q+kWj MSYgh vkWu fQQVhUFk tSUojh-
257- tuojh esa eq>s uSuhrky tkuk iM+kA I had to visit Nainital in January.
vkbZ gSM Vq foft+V uSuhrky bu tSUojh-
258- eSa rqEgsa ekj Mkyw¡xk] mlus ,slk dgkA I‟ ll kill you, he said so.
vkbZy fdy ;w] gh lsM lks-
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259- rqeus mls tkus D;ksa fn;k \ Why did you let him go?
ok; fMM ;w ySV fge xks \
260- eq>s vc bldh vknr lh gks x;h gSA I am used to it now.
vk;e ;wT+M Vq bV uko-
261- oks tSlk Hkh gS] esjk HkkbZ gSA However he is, he is my brother.
gkoSoj gh bt+] gh bt+ ek; cznj-
262- rqe dqN Hkh djks eq>s dksbZ QdZ ugha iM+rkA You do anything, I don‟ t care.
;w Mw ,sfufFkax] vkbZ MksUV dsvj-
263- dksbZ QdZ ugha iM+rkA It doesn‟ t make any difference.
bV Mt+u esd ,suh fMÝSUl-
264- gesa ;s dke djus fd fy, dqN oDr pkfg,A We need some time to do this work.
oh uhM le Vkbe Vq Mw fnl odZ-
265- eSa tkurk gw¡ fd rqe csgrj dj ldrs FksA I know, you could have done better.
vkbZ uks] ;w dqM gSo Mu cSVj-
266- nksuksa ,d nwljs ds cgqr djhch gSaA Both are close to each other.
cksFk vkj Dyks‛k Vq bZp vnj-
267- eSa vxys eghus f‛keyk tk ¡xkA I‟ ll go Shimla next month.
vkbZy xks f‛keyk uSDLV eUFk-
268- vki mls xyr er lef>,A Don‟ t take him wrong.
MksUV Vsd fge jkSax-
269- eS tkurk gw¡ rqe ,slk dHkh ugha dj ldrsA I know you can never do this.
vkbZ uks ;w dSu uSoj Mw fnl-
270- gesa dM+h ls dM+h esgur djuh gSA We have to work harder than the hardest.
oh gSo Vq odZ gkMZj nsu n gkMSZLV-
271- Hkys gh rqe eq>s ekj Mkyks ij eSa ugha tk ¡xkA Even if you kill me, I‟ ll not go.
bou bQ ;w fdy eh] vkbZy ukWV xks-
272- tc rqe vk;s eSa Vh-oh- ns[k jgk FkkA When you came, I was watching TV.
osu ;w de] vkbZ okWt+ okfpax Vhoh-
273- eq>s yxk rqEgsa crkuk pkfg,A I thought, I must tell you.
vkbZ FkkWV] vkbZ eLV VSy ;w-
274- eSa mls /kks[kk ugha ns ldrkA I can‟ t cheat her.
vkbZ dkUV phV gj-
275- mlus eq÷ks /kks[kk fn;kA He cheated on me.
gh phVsM vkWu eh-
276- rqeus mls xyr le>kA You misunderstood him.
;w felvUMLVqM fge-
277- D;k eSa otg tku ldrk gw¡ \ May I know the reason?
es vkbZ uks n jht+u \
278- rqeus dgk Fkk eSa ges‛kk rqEgkjk lkFk nw¡xkA You had told me, you will always stand by me.
;w gSM VksYM eh] ;w foy vkWyost LVSUM ck; eh-
We must win the final war irrespective of how many battles we‟ ve lost before.
QdZ ugha iM+rk fd fdruh yM+kbZ;k¡ ge igys gkj pqds gSa] gesa vafre ;q) thruk gSA
294
Lesson – 36
Objective Exercises
Objective exercises of this lesson are to assess your ability to choose the
correct verb, helping verb, articles and prepositions. If you find
difficulties in choosing the correct alternative, that simply means you
have to revise respective chapters.
Let‟ s assess ourselves…..
Objective Exercise – Verbs

fjDr LFkkuksa dks lgh fØ;k ;k lgk;d fØ;k ls Hkfj, &
Fill in the blanks with appropriate verbs or helping verbs:
1. You ………spoken with me.

a) have b) has c) do d) does e) none of these
2. She............ walking for a long.
a) have been b) has been c) do d) does e) none of these
3. He .............found a watch.
a) have b) has c) do d) did e) none of these
4. I will study provided he ........... me money.
a) give b) will give c) gives d) gave e) none of these
5. I have ........ you.
a) seeked b) sought c) founded d) finded e) none of these
6. I ............ left by the time you reach my home.
a) will b) have c) will have d) had e) none of these
7. He and his father ............. taking part in this competition.
a) have been b) has been c) are d) was e) is
8. My hair ........... black.
a) are b) is c) look d) were e) none of these
9. You didn‟ t............ money.
a) have b) has c) got d) kept e) none of these
10. I firmly ...........that you have an extraordinary career.
a) belief b) believe c) faith d) want e) none of these
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11. I ............ him.
a) love b) loves c) loved d) a & c e) none of these
12. He has .................. this car.
a) drive b) drove c) driven d) driving e) none of these
13. He ........... asleep at that time.
a) has b) had c) have d) was e) none of these
14. I am ............. today.
a) tire b) tyre c) tired d) tear e) none of these
15. All ……well.
a) do b) are c) is d) all of the above
16. Sumit ............... went to America.
a) has b) had c) was d) has been e) none of these
17. Those guys .............. not study at all.
18. Aditya............ for a walk.
a) gone b) went c) go d) going e) none of these
19. Speed Bike ............ is thrilling.
a) rider b) riding c) ride d) drive e) none of these
20. Children .............excuses if they don‟ t like your advice.
a) make b) makes c) made d) does e) none of these
21. I have .............. up bad habits.
a) give b) gave c) given d) leave e) none of these
22. Things ............ going tough these day.
a) have b) is c) are d) have been e) none of these
23. The stone ............. not move itself.
24. Mom is not ............around.
a) see b) seen c) seeing d) saw e) none of these
25. Blood ............ from the wound.
a) ooze b) come c) oozes d) oozing e) none of these
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26. Why ………they fight with Ram?
27. I will …….with you.
a) have b) be c) been d) have to e) none of these
28. Life............... us thousand things.
a) teaches b) teach c) learn d) teached e) none of these
29. He ................ waiting for you since Monday.
a) have b) has been c) is d) was e) none of these
30. It ............. not matter to me.
a) has b) does c) do d) have e) none of these
31. I am ................ TV.
a) watching b) looking c) seeing d) seen e) none of these
32. They both ................ sleeping at this time.
a) are b) were c) will be d) all of these e) none of these
33. My trousers ............... black.
a) is b) are c) have d) has e) none of these
34. I ......... at fault.
a) have b) has c) do d) am e) none of these
35. He ............... her of murder.
a) accuse b) accuses c) accusing d) a & b e) none of these
36. You have .................. me.
a) found b) get c) find d) founded e) none of these
37. She will .......... been mad.
a) have b) has c) had d) not e) none of these
38. He… .... not work with me.
39. He… ...... lived in Delhi for about two years.
a) have b) did c) do d) does e) none of these
40. The road ........ bent ahead.
a) have b) has c) is d) had e) none of these
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41. The glass............... broken.
a) have b) has c) is d) are e) none of these
42. Mobile .................. ringing for a long.
a) have b) has c) has been d) did e) none of these
43. I .............. still look for her.
a) have b) has c) am d) was e) none of these
44. He does not .............. brain.
a) have b) has c) had d) all of these e) none of these
45. you go to school?
46. He was sweating when he ........... up to me.
a) came b) comes c) come d) coming e) none of these
47. If he… ............ , he will meet you.
a) will come b) came c) comes d) has come e) none of these
48. Your success……on your stars.
a) depended b) depending c) depend d) depends e) none of these
49. I don‟ t ......... in luck.
a) believe b) belief c) faith d) rely e) none of these
50. He is ................. from one company to another.
a) hoping b) leaving c) departing d) switching e) a & d
Answer Sheet
1. A 6. C 11. D 16. E 21. C 26. C 31. A 36. A 41. C 46. A

2. B 7. C 12. C 17. C 22. C 27. B 32. D 37. A 42. C 47. C
3. B 8. B 13. D 18. B 23. D 28. A 33. B 38. D 43. E 48. D
4. C 9. A 14. C 19. B 24. B 29. B 34. D 39. E 44. A 49. A
5. B 10. B 15. D 20. A 25. C 30. B 35. B 40. C 45. C 50. E
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Objective Exercise – Articles
fjDr LFkkuksa dks lgh vkfVZdy ls Hkfj, &
Fill in the blanks with appropriate Articles (A, An, The):
1. I am at ………home.
a) the b) a c) an d) No article
2. She invited me to ............ dinner.
3. I was studying in .............Delhi university.
4. I was born in ................Calcutta.
5. He is one of ................. most intelligent students of mine.
6. You are ........ honest boy.
7. You are ........ honest.
8. I have four and ............... half years of experience with international BPOs.
9. He is ................ greatest warrior of today.
10. He is weak in ........... mathematics.
11. All… ........ boys are naughty.
12. He lives in… ........... US.
13. I am from… ............. Delhi
14. She lives in… ..............Dilshad Colony.
299
15. I have read… ........ whole book.
16. He is one of… .......... best students of mine.
17. I met with ............... accident yesterday.
18. He is ............ PM of India.
19. You should go by ................. bus.
20. I am not ........... best.
21. A woman is more sensitive than............ man.
22. I will meet you on............ Sunday.
23. Don‟ t make… ...... noise.
24. I have been working for… ........... hour.
25. He is ................ union leader.
26. He is working for ........ university.
27. I am at… ...........fault.
28. I have only one and… .............. half kilos rice.
29. I will meet you in ....... morning.
300
30. He studies at ............ night.
31. Earth is revolving around the Sun.
32. It is not .... book but a novel.
33. I have been waiting for ......... reply since I questioned you.
34. I don‟ t expect .......... answer from you.
35. He was going to ........ school.
36. I was coming from… ........ market.
37. People took the injured guy to ............ hospital.
38. Police has been looking into ……matter for quite a long.
39. Gold is a precious metal.
40. Ram is a brother of ........... guy who I had met the other day.
41. He was in ............ Australia last year.
42. Honesty is .......... best policy.
43. My watch is made in .......... India.
44. Mobile has been ringing for ......... long.
301
45. I loved ......... way she spoke with me.
46. He does not have ......... brain.
47. love is life.
48. I distributed ........... pens, you had given me, to all the students.
49. I am ..........one who doesn‟ t talk to many people.
50. It is your ............. best attempt.
Answer Sheet
1. D 6. C 11. A 16. A 21. B 26. B 31. A 36. D 41. D 46. D

2. D 7. D 12. A 17. C 22. D 27. D 32. B 37. D 42. A 47. D
3. D 8. B 13. D 18. A 23. B 28. B 33. B 38. A 43. D 48. A
4. D 9. A 14. D 19. D 24. C 29. A 34. C 39. D 44. B 49. A
5. A 10. D 15. A 20. A 25. B 30. D 35. D 40. A 45. A 50. D
Objective Exercise – Prepositions

fjDr LFkkuksa dks lgh izSiksft+‛kUl ls Hkfj, &
Fill in the blanks with appropriate Prepositions:
1. You must not look down… .......... the poor.

b) at b) on c) in d) upon e) to
2. She invited me… .......... dinner.
a) at b) on c) in d) upon e) to
3. The day proved fatal… ........... his plan.
a) at b) on c) in d) upon e) to
4. I was born… ........ Calcutta.
a) at b) on c) in d) upon e) over
5. He is very bad… ............ expressing himself.
a) at b) on c) in d) upon e) into
302
6. You should look… ..............the matter.
a) at b) on c) in d) into e) over
7. I was tired… .......... your rubbish talk.
a) by b) on c) of d) upon e) over
8. Take care… ......... your parents
a) off b) on c) of d) upon e) over
9. Pour some more milk… ....... the jug.
a) inside b) on c) in d) upon e) into
10. I can ride… .............. the horse back.
11. The stone came… ........ me.
a) down upon b) down at c) onto d) upon e) over
12. She lives… ...... Dilshad Garden.
13. Wipe the dust................ the table.
a) from b) by c) off d) with e) onto
14. He is older… ........... I.
a) to b) than c) then d) from e) above
15. You are younger .............. me.
a) at b) to c) in d) upon e) over
16. He is far ahead… ...........others.
a) by b) on c) of d) than e) over
17. I am running short… ...... money.
a) at b) with c) off d) of e) by
18. He has lived in Delhi… ......... two years.
a) in b) for c) about d) since e) over
19. He is content........... this amount.
a) in b) with c) by d) for e) over
20. Letter is kept ............ the pillow.
a) under b) beneath c) over d) below e) down
303
21. She has married .................... him last year.
a) to b) with c) within d) by e) No Preposition
22. You should be ashamed .................. yourself.
a) at b) on c) by d) of e) No Preposition
23. I told him to be careful… .............. the traffic.
a) at b) on c) in d) by e) of
24. He is ................ blame.
a) at b) on c) in d) to e) with
25. I am… ..... fault.
a) at b) on c) in d) to e) by
26. A leaf is kept ............ the Mathematics book.
a) under b) above c) over d) below e) underneath
27. I have seen ........ my parents.
a) of b) to c) off d) above e) by
28. I prefer studying ……night.
29. He studies......... the evening.
a) at b) on c) in d) by e) over
30. The Earth is revolving… ..... the Sun.
a) by b) surround c) around d) about e) over
31. Does it make any difference ............ you?
a) at b) on c) with d) to e) beneath
32. I was looking ......... a room as I had to relocate immediately.
a) at b) for c) on d) over e) onto
33. I went for the interview .......... hand but I got selected.
a) of b) in c) off d) with e) over
34. Ram is younger ......... me.
a) to b) than c) by d) below e) before
35. I will blame you ........... that negligence.
a) for b) about c) under d) to e) over
304
36. He assures you ………assistance.
a) for b) with c) of d) upon e) over
37. What‟ s…….?
a) at b) up c) into d) upon e) than
38. He was sitting............ 10 people.
a) among b) between c) in d) under e) underneath
39. Can you see the man............... the road?
a) at b) across c) in d) beyond e) off
40. Your imagination is ....................... dreams.
a) at b) across c) off d) beyond e) over
41. He got… .......... the bus and rushed to school.
a) from b) by c) of d) off e) over
42. This mobile is ……..no use .........me.
a) of, to b) to, of c) of, of d) off, to e) to, off
43. I will always remain indebted............. my parents.
a) at b) of c) to d) by e) over
44. Put out the fire lest it should spread ……..
a) out b) off c) away d) onto e) over
45. I got very happy, the moment I saw my best friend dropped………
46. I came ……..your home but didn‟ t courage to knock ……the door.
a) at, at b) up to, on c) up to, at d) till, at e) till, on
47. We had........ return to home quickly as it was getting dark.
a) on b) to c) by d) off e) No Preposition
48. I run ............ money.
a) by b) before c) after d) ahead e) No Preposition
49. You are addicted ................. gambling.
a) to b) of c) with d) by e) beneath
50. She died… .......... hard work.
a) of b) from c) with d) onto e) over
305
51. My house is adjacent… ..... his house.
a) to b) by c) with d) across e) No preposition
52. She is married… ..........Ram.
a) to b) with c) by d) along e) No preposition
53. You should investigate… ........... the matter.
a) about b) into c) over d) onto e) No preposition
54. I discussed… ....... the issue.
a) about b) into c) over d) onto e) No preposition
55. You should look after…................ your parents.
a) out b) off c) away d) onto e) No preposition
56. He was applying the cream… ................his face.
a) on b) onto c) up to d) in e) over
57. He will come home… ...........Holi.
a) on b) in c) at d) onto e) over
58. The convict escaped… .........the punishment.
a) off b) of c) from d) onto e) No preposition
59. I was tired….......... listening to his excuses.
a) out b) off c) of d) onto e) over
60. I opened… ........ the fiftieth page of the book.
a) out b) off c) at d) in e) No preposition
61. He killed his brother… .......... an arrow.
a) of b) off c) with d) onto e) over
62. He is a friend ........... mine.
a) than b) to c) from d) of e) then
63. He is… ....... weak that he can‟ t talk.
a) too b) to c) so d) All of these e) No Preposition
64. He is sitting… ................. the auditorium.
a) out b) at c) in d) into e) over
65. I am running short… .......... time.
a) out b) off c) away d) of e) over
306
66. I wish… .... early rains.
a) for b) off c) of d) on e) No preposition
67. She broke… ..........the house to steal something.
a) in b) on c) away d) onto e) No preposition
68. I broke ........... with Priya.
a) out b) off c) away d) onto e) up
69. I made him…......... go there.
a) in b) on c) at d) onto e) No preposition
70. This chain is made… ......... Gold.
a) by b) of c) in d) inside e) upon
71. This computer is made… .......... America.
a) by b) of c) in d) inside e) upon
72. I am ............ the wrong.
a) in b) on c) at d) onto e) No preposition
73. This cloth is inferior… ....... my cloth.
a) than b) to c) then d) rather than e) over
74. I will reach office .............. 6 o‟ clock.
a) by b) at c) before d) All of these e) No Preposition
75. His car is parked .............. the road.
a) to b) by c) along d) upon e) with
Answer Sheet
1. D 12. C 23. C 34. A 45. C 56. B 67. A

2. E 13. C 24. D 35. A 46. C 57. C 68. B
3. E 14. B 25. A 36. C 47. B 58. C 69. E
4. C 15. B 26. E 37. B 48. C 59. C 70. B
5. C 16. C 27. C 38. A 49. A 60. C 71. C
6. D 17. D 28. A 39. B 50. B 61. C 72. A
7. C 18. B 29. C 40. D 51. E 62. D 73. B
8. C 19. B 30. C 41. D 52. A 63. C 74. D
9. E 20. B 31. D 42. A 53. E 64. C 75. C
10. B 21. A 32. B 43. C 54. E 65. D
11. A 22. D 33. C 44. E 55. E 66. A
307
Lesson – 37
Sentence Correction Exercises
The sentences taken in this lesson are based on all the concepts taught in
previous chapters. Unless your basics are strong, you will find difficulty in
correcting the sentences out here.
This is a kind of self assessment of your understanding to concepts taught
so far. If you face any difficulty in understanding the logic of correction in
this lesson, go back to the respective lesson and learn the concept again. If
you still face issues, mail us at englishwale12@gmail.com or place your
doubts in student helpdesk forum after logging into
www.englishwale.com. We are always there to help you out.
Exercise – I
S. v‛kq) okD; ‚kq) okD;

No Incorrect Sentence Correct Sentence
1. Does he goes for a walk? Does he go for a walk?
2. I doesn‟ t know what to do. I don‟ t know what to do.
3. He is greatest. He is great. / He is the greatest.
4. He don‟t remember what I said. He doesn‟ t remember what I said.
5. He has went to market. He has gone to market.
6. He has been doing it since two years. He has been doing it for two years.
7. All boys are naughty. All the boys are naughty.
8. She must be standing on the door. She must be standing at the door.
India is our country and we are it‟ s India is our country and we are her
9.
inhabitants. inhabitants.
10. Hi, its me. Hi, it‟ s I.
I have been working with you from I have been working with you since
11
yesterday. yesterday.
I have never seen such wonderful
12 I have never seen such a wonderful people.
people.
13 He is one of the best friend of mine. He is one of the best friends of mine.
14 Let he dance. Let him dance.
308
15 I went market yesterday. I went to market yesterday.
16 This is a womens park. This is a women‟ s park.
17 He is going to the market. He is going to market.
18 You, who is honest, shouldn‟ t do it. You, who are honest, shouldn‟ t do it.
19 I, who is a good man, can never do it. I, who am a good man, can never do it.
Neither the ball nor the bats was in good Neither the ball nor the bats were in
20
condition. good condition.
Neither the bats nor the ball were in good Neither the bats nor the ball was in good
21
condition. condition.
22 It take 2 minutes. It takes 2 minutes.
The director and the producer are dead.
(Director & Producer are 2 different
23 The director and the producer is dead. persons.)
nksuksa ls igys “the” yxk gS ;kfu nksuksa vyx&2 O;fDr
gSaA
The director and producer is dead.
(Director & Producer is the same
24 The director and producer are dead. person.)
dsoy ‚kq#vkr esa “the” yxk gS ;kfu nksuksa ,d gh
O;fDr gSA
Director and Producer are dead.
(Director & Producer are 2 different
25 Director and Producer is dead. persons.)
nksuksa ls igys “the” ugha yxk gS ;kfu nksuksa vyx&2
O;fDr gSaA
26 Neither my brother nor I is happy. Neither my brother nor I am happy.
27 Either she or I is telling a lie. Either she or I am telling a lie.
28 Either I or she is telling a lie. Either I or she is telling a lie.

Ajay as well as his brothers deserve the Ajay as well as his brothers deserves the
29
award. award.
30 I have seen the film and she has also. I have seen the film and so has she.
31 The bus left before we reached. The bus had left before we reached.
32 He is addicted to smoke. He is addicted to smoking.
This sentence is correct.
33 A Mr. Patel had come to our office today.
A Mr. Patel – dksbZ fe0 iVsyA
34 He never hesitates to sing. He never hesitates in singing.
35 He has passion to read books. He has passion for reading books.
36 Mr. Kumar is my English Teacher. Mr. Kumar is my teacher of English.
37 His Exam starts from Monday. His Exam starts on Monday.
38 I have learnt it word by word. I have learnt it word for word.
309
39 It‟s female compartment. It‟s a ladies‟ compartment.
40 It‟s color is black. Its color is black.
41 Open your book in page number 8. Open your book at page number 8.
Mr. Kumar is my teacher of
42 Mr. Kumar is my Mathematics teacher.
Mathematics.
43 This is the house whose roof leaks. This is the house the roof of which leaks.
This is the chair the legs of which are
44 This is the chair whose legs are broken.
broken.
45 He died from Cancer. He died of Cancer.
46 He died with Typhoid. He died of Typhoid.
47 He is going to the school. He is going to school.
48 I am coming from the hospital. I am coming from hospital.
49 I am sitting at the home. I am sitting at home.
50 I have lost my patience. I have lost patience.
51 I say you. I say to you.
52 Mr. Kumar is my Science teacher. Mr. Kumar is my teacher of science.
53 I resigned from HCL and joined IBM. I resigned HCL and joined IBM.
First of all, I told him about his
54 First in all, I told him about his mistakes.
mistakes.
55 We need a house to live. We need a house to live in.
56 Raju secured only passing marks in Maths. Raju secured only pass marks in Maths.
No less than hundred soldiers were died in No fewer than hundred soldiers were
57
that blast. died in that blast.
58 One day, you will be of my age. One day you will be my age.
59 You have got perfect furnitures. You have got perfect furniture.
60 He is master of English. He is a master of English.

My trousers are old.
61 My trouser is old. esjh iSaV iqjkuh gSA
310
62 My scissors are sharp. My scissors are sharp.
63 Riches is transitory. Riches is transitory.
64 Mr. Goyal is my Commerce teacher. Mr. Goyal is my teacher of Commerce.
65 The sheep is grazing. The sheep are grazing.
66 Mr. Kumar is my Hindi teacher. Mr. Kumar is my teacher of Hindi.
67 My hair are black. My hair is black.
68 I found two hair in vegetable. I found two hairs in vegetable.
69 Rahul looks me. Rahul looks at me.
70 Hindustan times is a newspaper. The Hindustan Times is a newspaper.
71 He lives in UK. He lives in the UK.
72 My house is made of the stone. My house is made of stone.
73 He invited me for the lunch. He invited me to lunch.

Ram‟s and Mohan‟ s houses are under
74 Ram‟s and Mohan‟ s houses is under repair.
repair.
I appeared in B.Tech Exam in June this I appeared at B. Tech Exam in June this
75
year. year.
76 Sit in the door. Sit at the door.
77 Somebody is knocking on the door. Somebody is knocking at the door.
78 The thief escaped off the police. The thief escaped from the police.
I have got an account with Allahabad
79 I have got an account in Allahabad bank.
bank.
80 Open fifth page. Open at the fifth page.
81 He is writing by a pen. He is writing with a pen.
82 None of you was present in the class. None of you were present in the class.
83 Each one of you are my friend. Each one of you is my friend.

My friends enjoyed themselves in the
84 My friends enjoyed in the party.
party.
85 You should avail the facilities. You should avail yourself the facilities.
311
86 God helps all the rich & poor people. God helps all the rich & the poor.
87 Many a students is working hard. Many a student is working hard.
88 Call me anything else than a donkey. Call me anything else but a donkey.
89 How clever man is he! How clever man he is!
The teacher had hardly reached the
The teacher had hardly reached the class,
90 class, when the students began to make
then the students began to make a noise.
a noise.
No sooner had I reached the room, then No sooner had I reached the room, than
91
you started studying. you started studying.
92 I love to walk in the park. I love walking in the park.
93 He likes to music more than his life. He likes music more than his life.
94 He loves to read the newspaper. He loves reading the newspaper.

Unless you don‟ t go there, nothing will Unless you go there, nothing will
95
change. change.
96 Work hard lest you may fail the exam. Work hard lest you should fail the exam.
The manager and the director are dead.
The manager and the director is dead. nksuksa ls igys “the” yxk gS ;kfu nksuksa vyx&2
97
O;fDr gSaA
(Manager & Director - 2 different persons)
98 He will come home in Christmas. He will come home at Christmas.
99 You can cut the potato by a knife. You can cut the potato with a knife.
100 Take the book from the table Take the book off the table
101 I enjoy myself a lot during summer. I enjoy myself a lot during the summer.
The singer and philosopher is dead.
nksuksa ls igys “the” ugha yxk gS ;kfu nksuksa ,d gh
102 The singer and philosopher are dead.
O;fDr gSaA
(Singer & Philosopher – same person)
The singer and the philosopher are dead.
nksuksa ls igys “the” yxk gS ;kfu nksuksa vyx&2
103 The singer and the philosopher is dead. O;fDr gSaA
( Singer & Philosopher - 2 different
persons)
Neither Ali nor his friends was present in Neither Ali nor his friends were present
104
the party. in the party.
105 Many a girl love Rahul. Many a girl loves Rahul.
106 I have purchase 12 dozen bananas. I have purchased 12 dozen bananas.
107 He gave me an advice. He gave me a piece of advice.
108 Did he advice you? Did he advise you?
312
Each of the ladies performs her duty
109 Each of the ladies perform her duty well.
well.
The crocodile is the largest of all other The crocodile is the largest of all the
110
reptiles. reptiles.
Preeti is the best of all other students in Preeti is the best of all the students in
111
the class. the class.
112 Swati is more smarter than Neha. Swati is smarter than Neha.
113 I lain the book on the table. I laid the book on the table.
114 He made me to go there. He made me go there.
115 I discussed about the matter. I discussed the matter.
116 I am so happy today. I am very happy today.
117 He was so tired to walk any further. He was too tired to walk any further.
118 He had told to me. He had told me.
3. I can write better than anybody who can write faster, and I can write faster than anybody who
can write better.
4. Not everything that can be counted counts; and not everything that counts can be counted.
5. In theory, there is no difference between theory and practice. But in practice, there is.
6. I find that the harder I work, the more luck I seem to have.
7. Each problem that I solved became a rule which served afterwards to solve other problems.
8. Try to learn something about everything and everything about something.
9. Once we decide we have to do something, we can go miles ahead.
10. When you stop chasing the wrong things you give the right things a chance to catch you.
313
Exercise – II
S. v‛kq) okD; ‚kq) okD;
No Incorrect Sentence Correct Sentence
1 I am enjoying. I am enjoying myself.
Rahul that is my best friend is a
2 Rahul, who is my best friend, is a dancer.
dancer.
The boy who is my best friend is a dancer.
The boy, who is my best friend, is a
3 or
dancer.
The boy that is my best friend is a dancer.
Marble table that is my favourite is Marble table, which is my favourite, is
4
expensive. expensive.
The table which is my favourite is
The table, which is my favourite, is expensive.
5
expensive. or
The table that is my favourite is expensive.
6 Four dozens bananas are kept there. Four dozen bananas are kept there.
The child has no idea where his The child has no idea where his parents
7
parents were. are.
Seeta is in fifth class. / Seeta is in class
8 Seeta is in class fifth.
five.
Rahul is an honest person. / Rahul is
9 Rahul is honest person.
honest.
Aman is a person honest in his dealings./
Aman is an honest person in his
10 Aman is a person who is honest in his
dealings.
dealings.
11 Ram is my the best friend. Ram is my best friend.
He is the Shakespeare of our class. /

12 He is Shakespeare of our class.
He is a Shakespeare of our class.
13 She has two son-in-laws. She has two sons-in-law.
14 They have got a summon today. They have got a summons today.
15 They have got two summons today. They have got two summonses today.
He gave me some information.

16 He gave me some informations.
He gave me some pieces of information.
17 I have many furnitures. I have many furniture.
The famous singer and politician were The famous singer and politician was
18
present there. present there.
314
The famous singer and the politician was The famous singer and the politician
19
present there. were present there.
The team couldn‟ t win because it was split The team couldn‟ t win because they
20
into three groups. were split into three groups.
We should be kind to the poor.
21 We should be kind to the poor people.
We should be kind to poor people.
Take money from the rich. / Take
22 Take money from the rich people.
money from rich people.
23 Any of the two girls can do this work. Either of the two girls can do this work.
24 I, he and you will go. You, he and I will go.
25 It was me who did it. It was I who did it.
26 Each one of you has seen this. Each of you has seen this.
27 I was sitting amongst 20 people. I was sitting among 20 people.
28 I was among the crowd. I was amongst the crowd.

Rohit and Mohit‟ s home is just round
Rohit‟s and Mohit‟ s home is just round the the corner. /
29
corner. Rohit‟s and Mohit‟ s homes are just
round the corner.
All the guests who I invited to dinner were All the guests whom I invited to dinner
30
present. were present.
31 I invited my friend on dinner. I invited my friend to dinner.
32 It is worth fifty rupees. It is worth rupees fifty.
33 He is one of my best friend. He is one of my best friends.
34 Who did you see that day? Whom did you see that day?
You and I know one another for many You and I know each other for many
35
years. years.
You, he and I know each another for many You, he and I know one another for
36
years. many years.
37 I, he and you are good boys. You, he and I are good boys.
38 You, he and I are bad boys. I, you and he are bad boys.
39 Rahul told that he was unhappy. Rahul said that he was unhappy.
40 Rahul said to me that he was unhappy. Rahul told me that he was unhappy.
315
41 Its good that you have come. It‟s good that you have come.
You had promised that you would You had promised me that you would
42
come. come.
You had promised me that you will You had promised me that you would
43
come. come.
44 Your face resembles with my mom. Your face resembles my mom.
The police shot at the criminal.

45 The police shot the criminal.
The police shot the criminal dead.
46 Police has caught the criminal. The police has caught the criminal.
47 Tell me how are you. Tell me how you are.
48 I asked him who is he. I asked him who he was.

I don‟ t know that he will go to Shimla I don‟ t know whether he will go to Shimla
49
or not. or not.
50 Study lest you will fail. Study lest you should fail.
51 I am also not good. I am not good either. / Even, I am not good.
52 I don‟ t have something. I don‟ t have anything. / I have nothing.
He is too weak to walk. / He is so weak

53 He is so weak to walk.
that he can‟t walk.
I am too weak to pass the exam. / I am so
54 I am so weak to pass the exam.
weak that I can‟ t pass the exam.
55 She lived in a boarding. She lived in a boarding house.
56 I am suggesting you. I am suggesting to you.
57 I want your reply. I want a reply from you.

Doctor suggested us newer
58 Doctor suggested to us newer medications.
medications.
59 I love to go there. I love going there.
60 I am looking forward to meet him. I am looking forward to meeting him.
I am used to smoking a lot. / I used to

61 I am used to smoke a lot.
smoke a lot.
62 This question is difficult to be solved. This question is difficult to solve.
316
63 He loves to read books. He loves reading books.
64 They like to watch TV. They like watching TV.
I and the members of my team has seen I and the members of my team have seen
65
the Taj. the Taj.
I along with the members of my team I along with the members of my team has
66
have seen the Taj. seen the Taj.
67 If you will go there, tell him about me. If you go there, tell him about me.
If Ram will come your home, he will talk If Ram comes your home, he will talk to
68
to you. you.
If you go there with me, you will also see
that Aman‟ s house. (Future)
If you went there with me, you would also

If you gone there with me, you would see that Aman‟ s house.
69
have also seen Aman‟ s house. (Present)
If you had gone there with me, you would

have also seen that Aman‟ s house.
(Past possibility)
If I am fit, we will play together. (Future)
If I were fit, we would play together.
If I was fit, we would have played
70 (Present)
together.
If I had been fit, we would have played
together. (Past possibility)
71 Last week, I have met you. Last week, I had met you.
72 Since morning, she is studying. Since morning, she has been studying.
73 Since yesterday, I am upset. Since yesterday, I have been upset.
76 He is with me for a long. He has been with me for a long.

I have been here ever since you have
77 I am here ever since you have come.
come.
By 6 o‟ clock tomorrow, I will have finished
78 By 6 o‟ clock tomorrow, I will finish it.
it.
79 I prefer tea to coffee. I prefer tea over coffee.
I prefer singing to dancing. / I prefer to

80 I prefer singing over dancing.
sing to dance.
I am not only your brother but your I am not only your brother but also your
81
friend as well. friend.
317
He not only went there but talked to He not only went there but also talked to
82
that girl too. that girl.
I am Saleem. / My name is Saleem. / This
83 Myself Saleem.
is Saleem.
Because you are my friend, I will Since/As/For you are my friend, I will
84
stand by you. stand by you.
I will stand by you since you are my I will stand by you as/for/because you are
85
friend. my friend.
His performance is more superior
86 His performance is superior to mine.
than mine.
87 Rahul was braver than wise. Rahul was more brave than wise.
88 You are taller than me. You are taller than I.
89 He is older than me. He is older than I.
90 Ram is younger than I. Ram is younger to me.
91 He is senior than I. He is senior to me.
92 I am more brave than you. I am braver than you.
93 He is braver than wise. He is more brave than wise.
94 Of the three, he is the better. Of the three, he is the best.
95 Of the two, he is the best. Of the two, he is better.
96 Of the four, he is better. Of the four, he is the best.
97 I am worse than him. I am worse than he.
98 He is so clever. He is very clever.
99 The God is great. God is great.
100 I am so clever as my brother. I am as clever as my brother.
101 I am not as clever as my brother. I am not so clever as my brother.
Wherever you will go, you will find

102 Wherever you go, you will find God.
God.
103 I don‟ t know to speak English. I don‟ t know how to speak in English.
318
104 He doesn‟ t know Punjabi. He doesn‟ t know how to speak in Punjabi.
Translate Hindi into English./

105 Translate from Hindi to English.
Translate from Hindi into English.
He has finished three-fourth of this
106 He has finished three-fourths of this book.
book.
107 There is no problem in whole UP. There is no problem in whole of UP.
108 I love writing by a pen. I love writing with a pen.
109 I have no house to live. I have no house to live in.
110 Do not discuss about this topic. Do not discuss this topic.
1. Nothing in the world is more dangerous than sincere ignorance and conscientious stupidity.
2. No masterpiece was ever created without efforts.
3. Thinking should become your capital asset, no matter whatever ups and downs you come across
in your life.
4. Winners are those who learn from their failures.
5. The number one reason people fail in life is because they listen to their friends, family, and
neighbors.
6. There is no chance, no destiny, no fate, that can hinder or control the firm resolve of a determined
soul.
7. Whatever the mind of man can believe, can be achieved.
8. Strive not to be a success, but to be of value.
9. You miss 100% of the shots you don‟t take.
11. Unless you try, you can‟t say whether you‟ll succeed or not. So go ahead and try your best.
12. Twenty years from now you will be more disappointed by the things that you didn‟t do than by
the ones you did do, so throw off the bowlines, sail away from safe harbor, catch the trade winds
in your sails. Explore, Dream, Discover.
13. Even thousands of stars can‟t replace the Moon; Similarly thousands of ordinary men can‟t
replace an extraordinary man.
319
Lesson – 38
Mixed Practice Exercise
Translate the following sentences into English……
1- mls ?kj yk;k x;k A 46- eSa pkjksa HkkbZ;ksa esa lcls cM+k gw¡ A
2- eq>s 2 feuV fn;s x;s Fks A 47- oks dc ls [ksy jgk gS \
3- ;s yksx rqels dc feys \ 48- geus mls fn[kk;k Fkk A
4- ;s dke dkSu djrk gS \ 49- ;s fdl isM+ dk vke gS A
5- eSa vDlj rqEgkjs ?kj vkrk Fkk A 50- jke mu fnuksa gels feyrk Fkk A
6- rqe yksxksa dks iSls ugha fn;s tk ldrs A 51- rqEgsa gkWfLiVy D;ksa ys tk;k x;k \
7- mlus cPpksa dks cSBus fn;k FkkA 52- jke dks Hkstk tkuk pkfg, A
8- eSa cgqr nsj ls mls <wa< jgk gw¡ A 53- oks esjk D;k yxrk gS \
9- ckcj dks vdcj ls feyus fn;k tk;sxk A 54- mls [kkuk ugha fn;k tk;sxk A
10- bl ns‛k esa nhikoyh dc eukbZ tkrh gS \ 55- gesa Hkstk tk jgk gS A
11- rqEgsa fdlds ?kj tkuk gS \ 56- eSa rqEgsa tkus ugha nsrk A
12- D;k rqEgsa ,slk dguk pkfg, Fkk \ 57- thruk mldh vknr cu x;h gS A
13- jke ds HkkbZ ds ikl D;k ugha gS \ 58- mls fdlus ugha ns[kk \
14- rqels feys gq, dbZ lky gks x;s gSa A 59- oks fdlds lkFk i<+rk Fkk \
15- ‚kk;n oks Ldwy x;k gksxk A 60- esjs ikl fdlh dk iSu ugha gS A
16- Ykksx ,sls D;ksa gksrs gSa \ 61- esjk fny mlls T+;knk etcwr gS A
17- mlus ,slk dHkh ugha fd;k A 62- vkt vksys ugha iM+s A
18- yksxksa dks ?kj tkuk iM+k A 63- rqels feys gq, eq>s dbZ lky gks x;s gaS A
19- rqels dksbZ ‚kknh ugha djuk pkgsxk A 64- eq>s Ldwy igq¡pus esa 10 feuV yxrs gSa A
20- eksckbZy esa D;k gS \ 65- 25 lky yxs A
21- oks fdlh vkSj ds liuksa esa [kks;k gqvk Fkk A 66- ;s cPpk fdl vkSjr dk gS \
22- gesa i<+us D;ksa ugha fn;k tk jgk gS \ 67- D;k ;s ml yM+dh dk gS \
23- D;k rqe ;gk¡ lks ikvksxs \ 68- oks eq>s dHkh gkjus ugha nsxk A
24- mlds fdrus HkkbZ Fks \ 69- fdrus fnu yxs \
25- T+;knk Vh oh ns[kuk vk¡[kksa ds fy, Bhd ugha gS A 70- ogk¡ dkSu fNik gqvk gS \
26- oks ‚kk;n eq>s ;kn dj jgk gks A 71- fdl yM+ds dh cgu ogk¡ [kM+h Fkh \
27- mlus vkus fn;k A 72- eSa dc ls txk gqvk gw¡\
28- ‚kk;n dy vksys iM+sa A 73- ‚kk;n mlus ns[kk gksxk \
29- oks eq>s vDlj ;kn vkrk Fkk A 74- eq>s dgk x;k Fkk fd eq>s vesfjdk Hkstk tk,xk A
30- jke us dgk gS A 75- ;s dc gqvk \
31- cxZj [kk;s gq, rqEgsa fdrus fnu gks x;s gSa \ 76- rqe eq>ls de iSls okys gks A
32- lHkh dks dqN fn;k tk jgk Fkk A 77- gesa lqcg ls i<+k;k tk jgk gS A
33- Hkxoku Ñ" k dks ekjk ugha tk ldrkA 78- oks dkQh nsj ls lks;k gqvk gS A
34- vxj eSa vkrk rks rqels feyrk A 79- mls Hkstk tkuk pkfg, A
35- ;gk¡ ckfj‛k D;ksa ugha gksrh \ 80- eSa dy ls ;gk¡ cSBk gw¡ A
36- Ekq>s ?kqlus ugha fn;k tk jgk Fkk A 81- ;s eksckbZy rqEgkjs eksckbZy ls T+;knk iqjkuk gS A
37- oks esjs vkxs [kM+k Fkk A 82- mlds ikl fdlh vkSj dk iSu Fkk A
38- ijlksa NqV~Vh Fkh A 83- D;k eSa mlls T+;knk cqjk gw¡ \
39- fdl ghjks dk HkkbZ fnYyh esa gS \ 84- Ckkfj‛k fdrus cts gqbZ \
40- mls jkst+ gkWfLiVy D;ksa ys tk;k tkrk Fkk \ 85- D;k rqEgsa ugha tkuk \
41- T+;knk lkspuk csdkj gS A 86- D;k irk] mlus dgk gks A
42- cPpksa dks Hkstk tk,xk A 87- Lkjdkj gesa fonzksg D;ksa ugha djus nsrh \
43- mlds psgjs us eq>s ,d vkneh dh ;kn fnyk nh ftls eSa 88- eq>s pSu ls thus nks A
1985 esa feyk FkkA 89- mldk dqN ugha gS] lc esjk gS A
44- HkkbZ iDdk Ldwy ds fy, fudy x;k gksxk A 90- esjh gS ;s fdrkc \
45- eSus dgk Fkk fd eSa tk ¡xk A
320
Answers
1. He was brought home.

2. I had been given 2 minutes. 46. I am the eldest among 4 brothers.
3. When did these people meet me? 47. Since when has he been playing?
4. Who does this work? 48. We had shown him.
5. I used to often come your home. 49. Which tree‟ s mango is it?
6. You people can‟ t be given money. / 50. Ram used to meet us those days.
Money can‟ t be given to you people. 51. Why were you brought to hospital?
7. He had let children sit. 52. Ram should be sent.
8. I have been searching him for a long? 53. What is he to me?
9. Babar will be let meet Akbar. 54. He will not be given the food.
10. When is Diwali celebrated in this country? 55. We are being sent.
11. Whose home have you to go? 56. I don‟ t let you go.
12. Should you have said so? 57. Winning has become his habit.
13. What does Ram‟ s brother not have? 58. Who didn‟ t see him?
14. It has been many years having met you. 59. With whom did he use to study?
15. He might have gone to school. 60. We don‟ t have anybody‟s pen.
16. Why are people so? 61. My heart is stronger than his.
17. He never did so. 62. It didn‟ t hail today.
18. People had to go home. 63. It has been many years having met you.
19. Nobody would like to marry you. 64. It takes me 10 minutes to reach school.
20. What is there in mobile? 65. It took 25 years.
21. He was lost in someone else‟ s dreams. 66. Of which woman is this child?
22. Why are we not letting study? 67. Is it of that girl? / Is it that girl‟s?
23. Will you be able to sleep here? 68. He will never let me lose.
24. How many brothers did he have? 69. How many days did it take?
25. Watching TV a lot is not good for eyes. 70. Who is hidden there?
26. He might be missing me. 71. Which boy‟s sister was standing there?
27. He let come. 72. Since when/From when am I awake?
28. It might hail tomorrow. 73. He might/may have seen.
29. He used to often miss me. 74. I was said that I will be sent to America.
30. Ram has said. 75. When did it happen?
31. How many days has it been to you 76. You are poorer than I.
having eaten/taken/had burger? 77. We are being taught since morning.
32. All were being given something. 78. He is asleep for a long.
33. Lord Krishna can‟ t be killed. 79. He should be sent.
34. If I came, I would meet you. 80. I have been sitting here since
35. Why does it not rain here? yesterday.
36. I was not being let enter. 81. This mobile is older than your mobile.
37. He was standing ahead of me. 82. He had somebody else‟ s pen.
38. It was holiday day before yesterday. 83. Am I worse than he?
39. Which actor‟ s brother is in Delhi? 84. At what time did it rain?
40. Why did he use to be taken to hospital 85. Have you not to go?
every day? 86. He might/may have said.
41. Thinking a lot is a waste. 87. Why does Government not let us
42. Children will be sent. protest?
43. His face reminded me of a man whom I 88. Let me live peacefully.
had met in 1985. 89. His is nothing, all is mine.
44. Brother must have left for school. 90. Mine is this book.
45. I had said that I would go.
321
Lesson – 39
Mixed Test Papers
Let‟ s check our progress through following mixed test papers.
If you don‟t score more than 80%, that clearly means you are not competent
enough to go any further. In that case, go back and re-revise the lessons.
Mixed Test - I
1- eSa dbZ yksxksa ds chp cSBk FkkA 17- bruk vklku ugha gksrkA
2- canj isM+ ls dwnkA 18- lkspus dh ckr ;s gS fd ge ;s djsaxs dSls \
3- jke dks eq>ls feyok;k tk;sxkA 19- rqe esjh etcwjh dk Qk;nk mBk jgs gks A
4- eq>s fHktok;k x;k A 20- ,slk djuk fdlh iki ls de ugha gSA
5- eq>s jkst+ fl[kk;k tkrk FkkA 21- ckj&ckj cqykdj mldk le; [kjkc er djksA
6- eSa iwN jgk gw¡ fd rqe dkSu gksA 22- vius vki dks T+;knk pkykd le>us dh xyrh
7- vxj eSa Bhd gksrk] rks ge lkFk [ksyrsA er djksA
8- eSa lqcg ls ;gk¡ gw¡A 23- D;k irk dc esjh fdLer cny tk;s!
9- fdrkc rfd;s ds uhps FkhA 24- csdkj dh ckrsa djus ls dksbZ Qk;nk ugha A
10- jke dks [ksyus ugha fn;k x;kA 25- ,slk lkspuk fcYdqy tk;t+ ugha gSA
11- eq>s le>k;k tk jgk FkkA 26- eSa ;s lc djds NksM+ pqdk gw¡ tks rqe vc dj
12- ;s rqEgsa eSa dSls crk ¡ fd rqe esjs fy, D;k ek;us jgs gks A
j[krs gks \ 27- ;gh rks fdrkc gS tks eSaus rqEgsa nh FkhA
13- mldh gjdrksa ls yxrk gS fd oks vHkh Hkh cPpk gSA 28- ge oks gSa tks nqfu;k thr ldrs gSaA
14- ;s lquus esa vPNk yxrk gS ij dj ds ns[kks] et+kd 29- mldh gkyr ns[kdj eSa vius vk¡lw ugha jksd
ugha gSA ik;kA
15- oDr us rqEgkjh ;knksa dks /kq¡/kyk dj fn;k FkkA 30- esjs lkjs nksLr ogha ij FksA
16- mlus rqEgsa /kks[kk fn;k] rqe mls vc Hkh pkgrs
gks \
Q2: Correct the following sentences if incorrect: 10 x 2 = 20
1) He as well as his friends is good.

2) The Director & Producer is dead.
3) A Mr. Ram is sitting outside and waiting. He is wearing a blue shirt.
4) I took the mobile from the table.
5) The Table, which is my favourite is expensive.
6) You, he & I are to blame.
7) You, he & I are doing a good job.
8) He along with the members of his team has seen the Taj.
9) If he will come, he will scold you.
10)He is older than me.
11)I will see whether he is there.
12)He is 3 years younger than me.
13)Even if he will go, I don‟ t care.
14)I am here for 3 days.
15)The moment he come, baby starts weeping.
16)You looks tired today.
17)Because you are my friend, I will help you.
18)I have got 3 hair on my head.
19)He was used to my anger.
20)He hide behind the wall.
322
Answers
Q1:
1- eSa dbZ yksxksa ds chp cSBk FkkA I was sitting amongst many people.
2- canj isM+ ls dwnkA Monkey jumped off the tree.
3- jke dks eq>ls feyok;k tk;sxkA Ram will be made meet me.
4- eq>s fHktok;k x;k A I was made go.
5- eq>s jkst+ fl[kk;k tkrk FkkA I used to be taught every day.
6- eSa iwN jgk gw¡ fd rqe dkSu gks A I am asking who you are.
7- vxj eSa Bhd gksrk] rks ge lkFk [ksyrsA If I was fit, we would play together.
8- eSa lqcg ls ;gk¡ gw¡A I have been here since morning.
9- fdrkc rfd;s ds uhps FkhA Book was underneath/beneath the pillow.
10- jke dks [ksyus ugha fn;k x;kA Ram was not let play.
11- eq>s le>k;k tk jgk FkkA I was being made understand.
12- ;s rqEgsa eSa dSls crk ¡ fd rqe esjs fy, D;k ek;us j[krs gks \ How do I tell you what you are to me.
13- mldh gjdrksa ls yxrk gS fd oks vHkh Hkh le÷knkj ugha gSA His activities suggest as he isn‟t mature yet.
14- ;s lquus esa vPNk yxrk gS ij dj ds ns[kks] et+kd ugha gSA It sounds good but if you do it, it‟s not a joke.
15- oDr us rqEgkjh ;knksa dks /kq¡/kyk dj fn;k FkkA Time had diminished your memories.
16- mlus rqEgsa /kks[kk fn;k] rqe mls vc Hkh pkgrs gks\ He cheated on you, do you still love him?
17- bruk vklku ugha gksrk A It‟ s not that easy.
18- lkspus dh ckr ;s gS fd ge ;s djsaxs dSls \ The matter of concern is, how we will do it?
19- rqe esjh etcwjh dk Qk;nk mBk jgs gks A You‟re taking advantage of my helplessness.
20- ,slk djuk fdlh iki ls de ugha gSA Doing so is not less than a sin.
21- ckj&ckj cqykdj mldk le; [kjkc er djksA Don‟t waste his time by calling him again & again.
22- vius vki dks T+;knk pkykd le>us dh xyrh er djksA Don‟t mistake thinking yourself too clever.
23- D;k irk dc esjh fdLer cny tk;s A Who knows, when my fate turns.
24- csdkj dh ckrsa djus ls dksbZ Qk;nk ugha A There is no point of talking nonsense.
25- ,slk lkspuk fcYdqy tk;t+ ugha gSA It‟ s not ethical thinking so.
26- eSa ;s lc djds NksM+ pqdk gw¡ tks rqe vc dj jgs gks A I‟ve already gone through, that you‟re doing now.
27- ;gh rks fdrkc gS tks eSaus rqEgsa nh FkhA This is the very book that I had given to you.
28- ge oks gSa tks nqfu;k thr ldrs gSaA We are the ones who can win the world.
29- mldh gkyr ns[kdj eSa vius vk¡lw ugha jksd ik;kA Seeing his condition, I couldn‟t hold tears.
30- esjs lkjs nksLr ogha ij FksA All of my friends were very much there.
Q2: Corrected Sentences are written just below the incorrect ones -
1) He as well as his friends is good. (Correct Sentence)

2) The Director & Producer is dead. (Correct Sentence)
3) A Mr. Ram is sitting outside and waiting. He is wearing a blue shirt. (Correct Sentence)
4) I took the mobile from the table. (Incorrect Sentence)

I took the mobile off the table. (Correct Sentence)
5) The Table, which is my favourite is expensive. (Incorrect Sentence)

The Table which is my favourite is expensive. (Correct Sentence)
6) You, he & I are to blame. (Incorrect Sentence)

I, you & he are to blame. (Correct Sentence)
323
7) You, he & I are doing a good job. (Correct Sentence)
8) He along with the members of his team has seen the Taj. (Correct Sentence)
9) If he will come, he will scold you. (Incorrect Sentence)

If he comes, he will scold you. (Correct Sentence)
10) He is older than me. (Incorrect Sentence)

He is older than I. (Correct Sentence)
11) I will see whether he is there. (Incorrect Sentence)

I will see if he is there. (Correct Sentence)
12) He is 3 years younger than me. (Incorrect Sentence)

He is 3 years younger to me. (Correct Sentence)
13) Even if he will go, I don‟t care. (Incorrect Sentence)

Even if he goes, I don‟t care. (Correct Sentence)
14) I am here for 3 days. (Incorrect Sentence)

I have been here for 3 days. (Correct Sentence)
15) The moment he come, baby starts weeping. (Incorrect Sentence)

The moment he comes, baby starts weeping. (Correct Sentence)
16) You looks tired today. (Incorrect Sentence)

You look tired today. (Correct Sentence)
17) Because you are my friend, I will help you. (Incorrect Sentence)
Since/as/for you are my friend, I will help you. (Correct Sentence)
18) I have got 3 hairs on my head. (Correct Sentence)
19) He was used to my anger. (Correct Sentence)
20) He hide behind the wall. (Incorrect Sentence)

He hides behind the wall. / He hid behind the wall. (Correct Sentence)
324
Mixed Test – II
Q 1: Choose the correct spelling in the followings: 5x1=5
1) i) Grammar ii) Grammer iii) Gremmar iv) Gremmer

2) i) Tommorrow ii) Tomorow iii) Tommorow iv) Tomorrow
3) i) Parhaps ii) Perheps iii) Perhaps iv) Parheps
4) i) Pronounciation ii) proununciation iii) Pronunciation iv) Prununciation
5) i) Calendar ii) Calendir iii) Calander iv) Celender
Q 2: Tick whether the sentence is correct or incorrect: 15 x 1 =15
1. I am working ever since you went out. Correct / Incorrect

2. He is not such person who can fight till the end. Correct / Incorrect
3. My parents got me written a letter. Correct / Incorrect
4. He keep on calling me fool. Correct / Incorrect
5. He gets up early in the morning. Correct / Incorrect
6. His awkward behavior suggests me that he is not social. Correct / Incorrect
7. None of Ram & Shyam is my friend. Correct / Incorrect
8. Did you not tell him something? Correct / Incorrect
9. I don‟ t like burger too. Correct / Incorrect
10.People don‟t like me much. Correct / Incorrect
11. Rain has started. Correct / Incorrect
12.Today is my birthday. Correct / Incorrect
13.He had told me that he will not go. Correct / Incorrect
14.I am going to the school. Correct / Incorrect
15. The Earth is revolving around Sun. Correct / Incorrect
Q 3: Translate the following sentences into Hindi 15 x 2 =30
1- rqEgkjh ckrksa ls yxrk gS fd rqe lpeqp ikxy gksA

2- mls xqLlk vk x;kA
3- eq>s ?kj yk;k x;kA mlds ckn eSa lks ik;kA
4- mls dgk x;k Fkk fd rqe ekjs tkvksxsA
5- eSa rqEgsa dSls crk ¡ fd rqe esjs D;k gksA
6- mlus eq>s cgqr #yk;k FkkA
7- eSa oks gw¡ tks dÒh ugha gkjkA
8- mlus eq>s D;ksa tkus fn;k \
9- tc oks Fkk] rqe ugha FksA
10- eq>s mlls ckr djus esa dbZ lky yxsA
11- dbZ lky gks x;s gSaA
12- ftlus eq>s pkgk oks vc bl nqfu;k esa ugha gSA
13- ckfj‛k gks jgh gS] gS uk \
14- oks ,dkn fnu esa vk tk;sxkA
15- pkgs rqe ftruk i<+ yks] ikl ugha gks ldrsA
325
Answers
Q 1: Correct spellings are underlined:
1) i) Grammar ii) Grammer iii) Gremmar iv) Gremmer

2) i) Tommorrow ii) Tomorow iii) Tommorow iv) Tomorrow
3) i) Parhaps ii) Perheps iii) Perhaps iv) Parheps
4) i) Pronounciation ii) proununciation iii) Pronunciation iv) Prununciation
5) i) Calendar ii) Calendir iii) Calander iv) Celender
Q 2: Corrected Sentences are written just below the incorrect ones -
1. I am working ever since you went out. (Incorrect)

I have been working ever since you went out. (Correct)
2. He is not such person who can fight till the end. (Incorrect)
He is not such a person who can fight till the end. (Correct)
3. My parents got me written a letter. (Incorrect)

My parents made me write a letter. / My parents got a letter written by me. (Correct)
4. He keep on calling me fool. (Incorrect)

He keeps on calling me fool. (Correct)
5. He gets up early in the morning. (Correct)
6. His awkward behavior suggests me that he is not social. (Correct)
7. None of Ram & Shyam is my friend. (Correct)
8. Did you not tell him something? (Incorrect)

Did you not tell him anything? (Correct)
9. I don‟ t like burger too. (Incorrect)

I don‟ t like burger either. (Correct)
10. People don‟t like me much. (Correct)
11. Rain has started. (Incorrect)

It has started raining. (Correct)
12. Today is my birthday. (Incorrect)

It‟s my birthday today. (Correct)
13. He had told me that he will not go. (Incorrect)

He had told me that he would not go. (Correct)
14. I am going to the school. (Incorrect)

I am going to school. (Correct)
15. The Earth is revolving around Sun. (Incorrect)

The Earth is revolving around the Sun. (Correct)
326
Q 3:
1- rqEgkjh ckrksa ls yxrk gS fd rqe lpeqp ikxy gksA Your talks suggest that you are really mad/crazy.
2- mls xqLlk vk x;kA He got angry. / He got annoyed. / He turned angry.
3- eq>s ?kj yk;k x;kA mlds ckn eSa lks ik;kA I was brought to home. Thereafter, I could sleep.
4- mls dgk x;k Fkk fd rqe ekjs tkvksxsA He was told that you would be killed.
5- eSa rqEgsa dSls crk ¡ fd rqe esjs D;k gksA How do I tell you what you are to me.
6- mlus eq>s cgqr #yk;k FkkA He had made me cry a lot.
7- eSa oks gw¡ tks dÒh ugha gkjkA I am the one who never lost.
8- mlus eq>s D;ksa tkus fn;k\ Why did he let me go?
9- tc oks Fkk] rqe ugha FksA When he was there, you weren‟ t.
10- eq>s mlls ckr djus esa dbZ lky yxsA It took me many years to have a word with him.
11- dbZ lky gks x;s gSaA It has been many years.
12- ftlus eq>s pkgk oks vc bl nqfu;k esa ugha gSA The one who loved me is no more.
13- Ckkfj‛k gks jgh gS] gS uk\ It‟ s raining, isn‟ t it?
14- oks ,dkn fnu esa vk tk;sxkA He will come in a day or so.
15- pkgs rqe ftruk i<+ yks] ikl ugha gks ldrsA No matter how much you study, you can‟t pass.
1. There is only one way to avoid criticism: do nothing, say nothing, and be nothing. So
remember, if you are criticized, never be afraid.
2. You can‟t make it big unless you try.
3. When I stand before God at the end of my life, I would hope that I would not have a
single bit of talent left and could say, I used everything you gave me.
5. Unless you try, you can‟t say whether you‟ll succeed or not. So go ahead and try your
best.
6. Twenty years from now you will be more disappointed by the things that you didn‟t
do than by the ones you did do, so throw off the bowlines, sail away from safe harbor,
catch the trade winds in your sails. Explore, Dream, Discover.
7. Failure is better teacher than success, because when you fail, you tend to focus more
for the next try.
8. You can never cross the ocean until you have the courage to lose sight of the shore.
9. The best revenge is massive success.
327
Mixed Test - III (Tense + Simple Sentence)
Q1. Correct the following sentences: 10 x 1 = 10
1. He do not has a pen.

2. Does people have computers?
3. Why does you not do this?
4. It don‟ t sound good to me.
5. Why doesn‟ t we work together?
6. Ram and Shyam works together.
7. Those peoples are doing something.
8. My brother‟ s friend have not come.
9. My brother has been studying for 2 pm.
10. I have saw off my mother.
Q2. Translate the following sentences into English: 10 x 1 = 10
1- eSa rqEgkjs ckjs esa D;ksa ugha lksprk gw¡ \

2- jke vkSj vkfnR; fdl vkWfQl ls vk jgs gSa \
3- oks vkneh rqEgsa /kedh dSls nsrk gS \
4- ;g lquus esa vPNk yx jgk gS ij esjk fny [kq‛k ugha gSA
5- D;k rqe lcus mlds dneksa dh vkokt+ lquh gS\
6- Lkhrk Hkxoku dh iwtk dc ls dj jgh gS \
7- eSa vkWWfQl ds vUnj igys gh vPNh rjg ls ns[k pqdk g¡wA
8- rqe dc rd vkWfQl esa jgrs gSa \
9- oks bl tuojh ls fdl dEiuh ds fy, xkuk xk jgk gS \
10- eSa 2 ?kaVs ls BaM ls dkai jgk g¡wA
Q3. Write three forms of the following verbs: 10 x 1 = 10
1. Feed (f[kykuk) 6. Seek (<+w¡<uk)

2. Begin (‚kq# djuk) 7. Run (nkSM+uk)
3. Hurt (pksV igq¡pkuk) 8. Come (vkuk)
4. Hold (idM+uk) 9. Bring (ykuk)
5. Hide (fNiuk) 10. Ride (2 wheeler pykuk)
328
Answers
1. Corrected sentences are given below:

1. He does not have a pen. 6. Ram and Shyam work together.
2. Do people have computers? 7. Those people are doing something.
3. Why do you not do this? 8. My brother‟ s friend has not come.
4. It doesn‟ t sound good to me. 9. My brother has been studying since 2 pm.
5. Why don‟ t we work together? 10. I have seen off my mother.
2. Translated Sentences:
1- eSa rqEgkjs ckjs esa D;ksa ugha lksprk g¡w \

Why do I not think about you?
2- jke vkSj vkfnR; fdl vkWfQl ls vk jgs gSa\
From which office are Ram & Aditya coming?
3- oks vkneh rqEgsa /kedh dSls nsrk gS\
How does that man threaten you?
4- ;g lquus esa vPNk yx jgk gS ij esjk fny [kq‛k ugha gSA
It is sounding good but my heart is not happy.
5- D;k rqe lcus mlds dneksa dh vkokt+ lquh gS\
Have you all heard his footfall?
6- Lkhrk Hkxoku dh iwtk dc ls dj jgh gS\
Since when has Seeta been worshiping God?
7- eSa vkWWfQl ds vUnj igys gh vPNh rjg ls ns[k pqdk g¡wA
I have already seen properly inside the office.
8- rqe dc rd vkWfQl esa jgrs gks\
Until when do you stay in office?
9- oks bl tuojh ls fdl dEiuh ds fy, xkuk xk jgk gS\
For which company has he been singing since this January?
10- eSa 2 ?kaVs ls BaM ls dkai jgk g¡wA
I have been shivering with the cold for 2 hours.
3. Three forms of the verbs:
1. Feed (f[kykuk) fed(QSM) fed

2. Begin (‚kq# djuk) began begun
3. Hurt (pksV igq¡pkuk) hurt hurt
4. Hold (idM+uk) held held
5. Hide (fNiuk) hid (fgM) hidden
6. Seek (<+w¡<uk) sought sought
7. Run (nkSM+uk) ran run
8. Come (vkuk) came come
9. Bring (ykuk) brought brought
10. Ride Rode Ridden
329
Mixed Test – IV
Q1: Translate the following sentences in English: 60 marks

1 marks each: 10 x 1 = 10 marks
1) ckgj vksys iM+ jgs gSaaA
2) ;s dqN vkSj ugha esjk I;kj gSA
3) ek¡ us gesa tUe fn;kA
4) ;s jksM+ dgk¡ tkrh gS\
5) oks iSlk esjs fdlh dke dk ughaA
6) jke ;gha ij FkkA
7) vkf[kjdkj 'kknh ds 'kqHk fnu dh ?kks"k kk gks pqdh gSA
8) /;ku j[kuk rqEgsa esjs ?kj vkuk gSA
9) eSa dksbZ dlj ugha NksM+w¡xkA
10) eqÖks dbZ lky yxs mls Hkwyus esaA

11) pkgs dksbZ dqN Hkh dgs eSa rqEgkjk lkFk nw¡xkA
12) ngst izFkk ,d vfHk'kki gSA
13) e¡gxkbZ Hkz’Vkpkj dks tUe nsrh gSA
14) ftudh ¡xyh idM+dj rqeus pyuk lh[kk muds dU/kksa dks dHkh Ökqdus er nsukA
15) mlus lkQ euk dj fn;kA
16) rqe D;k ‚krZ j[kuk pkgrs gks\
17) fgUnw ejs gq, dks tykrs gSa vkSj eqfLye nQukrsA
18) eSa viuh lQyrk dk Js; rqEgsa nsrk gw¡A
19) vkx cq÷kk nks ,slk u gks fd QSy tk,A
20) ml "kM+;a= dk inkZQk‛k eSa d#¡xkA

21) vklikl gh jguk, eSa cl vHkh vk jgk gw¡A
22) lfpu dk vkmV gksuk ,d tcjnLr ÷kVdk gSA
23) vPNk gqvk rqe vk x;s, eSa cl vHkh fudy x;k gksrkA
24) eq÷ks Hkksyk Hkkyk le÷kus dh xyrh er dj, iNrk,xkA
25) ,d dgkor gS, “uQjr iki ls djks ikih ls ughaA”
26) ftEesnkjh ls Hkkxuk yxrk gS rqEgkjs [kwu esa gSA
27) ekuks lfn;k¡ chr xbZ gkasa gesa feys gq,A
28) ftruk eSa lkspw¡xk] mruk gh ikxy gks tk ¡xkA
29) eSaus tkucwÖkdj dHkh rqEgkjk fny ugha nq[kk;kA
30) ,d ckr dg¡w, ikl gksdj Hkh cgqr nwj gks rqeA
Q 2: Write the meaning of the following words: 40 X 1 = 40 marks
Shirk, shy away, bury, off hand, enchant, fiasco, totter, dacoit, abase, sigh of relief, delve,
imbibe, lisp, notorious, hover, retaliate, havoc, trifles, indebted, altogether, instincts, ascribe,
thoroughfare, mist, fist, demise, lately, vigilance, fumble, auspicious, assess, confess, unearth,
malediction, aloof, rip off, negligence, deliberately, Legislative assembly, Ointment
330
Answers
Q1: Translated Sentences:
1 marks each: 10 X 1 = 10 marks
1) It‟s hailing outside.

2) It‟s nothing but my love.
3) Mother bred us.
4) Where does this road lead to?
5) That money is of no use to me.
6) Ram was very much here.
7) Finally, auspicious date of marriage is announced.
8) Keep in mind, you have to come to my home
9) I‟ ll not leave any stone unturned.
10) It took me many years to forget her.
11) Irrespective of what anyone says, I‟ll stand by you.

12) Dowry system is a malediction.
13) Inflation breeds corruption.
14) One whose fingers you resorted to toddle, don‟ t let him ever down.
15) He refused a point blank.
16) What condition do you want to lie?
17) Hindus burn the dead bodies and Muslims bury.
18) I ascribe my success to you.
19) Put out the fire lest it should spread out.
20) I‟ ll unearth that conspiracy.
21) Stick around, I am just coming.

22) Sachin‟ s departure is big blow.
23) Thank God you dropped in, I would have just left.
24) Don‟ t mistake me for a credulous, you would regret.
25) There is a saying, “Hate sin, not a sinner.”
26) To shirk responsibility seems to be in your blood.
27) As if centuries have passed since we met.
28) Deeper I think, more I‟ ll go mad.
29) I never hurt you unknowingly.
30) You know what, although near, yet afar you are.
Q 2: (Answers) 40 X 1 = 40 marks
th pqjkuk( nwj Hkkxuk( nQukuk( fcuk rS;kjh ds( [kq‛k djuk( ?kksj vlQyrk( yM+[kM+kuk( Mkdw( vieku djuk( pSu dh lk¡l
ysuk( ?kqluk( xzg k djuk( rqrykuk( dq[;kr( >wyuk( djkjk tokc nsuk( rgydk( NksVk eksVk >xM+k( dtZnkj( iwjh rjg ls(
izo`fr( Js; nsuk( vke jkLrk( vksl( eqÎh( e`R;q( gky gh esa( ns[kjs[k djuk( VVksyuk( ‚kqHk ( vk¡duk( xyrh eku ysuk( mtkxj
djuk( vfHk‛kki( mnklhu( ywVuk( ykijokgh( tkucw>dj( fo/kkulHkk( Øhe
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Lesson – 40
Translation Exercises
Let‟ s practice a few translation exercises; Hindi to English & English to Hindi.
The more you practice, the better you become.
The more you face problems, the more you strive to find solutions.
The more you understand a concept, the nearer you reach to your aim.
The more you try to speak, the more you command a language.
“Practice & Practice & Practice, keep doing it. Success is for sure.
English to Hindi Translation Exercises
1.
This is the story of a boy who had to put down his first love „Guitar‟ and get into father‟s
business. But all of a sudden, something as such happened which changed his life and made
him pick the gun. Earlier, he was absolutely carefree and now he was worried for his
family. He had lost a lot in his life. His father was brutally killed. His Mother was shot 10
bullets to dead. Left were only his two sisters and one brother. He picked the gun in
revenge but he had to also ensure that if he was caught, what would happen with his
siblings. Hence, whatever he did, he would be cautious. He himself punished all the
culprits. Nobody could ever know who killed them. There was a doubt but no evidence.
;s ,d ,sls yM+ds dh dgkuh gS ftls viuk igyk I;kj fxVkj NksM+uk iM+k vkSj ikik ds fctusl esa yxuk iM+kA ij
vpkud dqN ,slk gqvk ftlus mldh ftUnxh gh cny nh vkSj mls cUnwd mBkus ij etcwj dj fn;kA igys mls fdlh
dh ijokg rd ugha Fkh vkSj vc oks vius ifjokj dh fpUrk djrk FkkA mlus thou esa cgqr dqN [kks fn;k FkkA mlds
firk dks csjgeh ls dRy dj fn;k x;kA mldh ek¡ dks 10 xksfy;k¡ ekjh x;hA flQZ cph mldh nks cgusa vkSj ,d HkkbZA
cnys dh Hkkouk ls mlus cUnwd mBkbZ ij mls ;s Hkh ns[kuk Fkk fd vxj oks idM+k x;k rks mlds HkkbZ cguksa dk D;k
gksxkA blfy, oks tks djrk] cM+s /;ku ls djrk A mlus lHkh xqugxkjksa dks [kqn gh ltk ns nhA dksbZ dHkh ugha tku
ik;k fd mu yksxksa dk ekjk fdlus] ‚kd Fkk ij fcuk fdlh lcwr dsA
2.
What is an Ambition? Ambition is a firm goal that we set for ourselves. It also changes with
our experience. As time passes by and we experience lot many new things, which changes
the way we take things, either something adds on to our goal or something eliminates. For
example, a person wants to become a social worker and he is firm in his idea. Sudden in life,
he encounters (goes through) a terrible phase and he realizes the importance of money, now
he sets a target of having good money as well. Now, there are two types of people. Ones are
those who change their viewpoint and entirely change their target and otherwise are those
who just add money earning to their original idea of social welfare but not at the cost of
their original goal. Hence, a goal is not static, but dynamic.
egRokdka{kk D;k gS \ egRokdka{kk ,d fuf‛pr y{; gS] tks ge vius fy, r; djrs gSaA ;g gekjs vuqHko ds lkFk&lkFk
cnyrk Hkh jgrk gSA tSls&tSls le; chrrk gS vkSj ge dbZ ubZ phtsa vuqHko djrs gSa] ;s gekjs lkspus ds rjhds esa cnyko
ykrk gS] fQj ;k rks vius y{; esa ge dqN vkSj tksM+ nsrs gSa ;k dqN ?kVk nsrs gSaA mnkgj k ds fy,] ekuk ,d O;fDr
lks‛ky odZj ¼lkekftd dk;ZdrkZ ½ cuuk pkgrk gSA vpkud ftUnxh esa oks ,d cgqr cqjs nkSj ls xqt+jrk gS vkSj iSls dh
egRrk dks eglwl djrk gSA vkSj vc iSlk dekuk Hkh viuk m)s‛; cuk ysrk gSA nks rjg ds yksx gksrs gSaA ,d rks oks tks
lksp gh cny ysrs gSa vkSj iwjh rjg vius y{; dks cny nsrs gSaA nwljs oks tks vius ewy m)s‛; ;kfu lekt dY;k k ds
lkFk iSls dekus dks Hkh vius y{; esa tksM+ nsrs gSa ij vius ewy m)s‛; dks NksM+rs ughaA vr% y{; vpy¼static½ ugha
py¼dynamic½ gksrk gSA
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3.
It was Sunday and I had to go for an interview. I got up at about 8, took a bath and got
ready. I was a bit scared thinking about the interview. In fact, it was the first time when I
was about to face an interview. My friends had told me a lot about how to face but it was
obvious that I was scared. I left for the interview venue. When I reached there, I read a
quote by Thomas Alva Edison on the board, written as “I will not say that I failed thousand
times, rather I would say, I know thousand ways which can cause failure”. This encouraged
me and I realized that it didn‟ t matter if I failed, rather I must be optimist for future.
Thinking this, I reached at a specious hall; where already about 50 candidates were sitting.
I looked here and there. I saw a receptionist sitting there. I went to her. She asked me for
my resume. I provided the same. She had a glance on it and she advised me to have a seat.
My name was called after a long wait. The moment I stepped in the interview room, I was
straight away asked what I liked the first thing about the venue. I told the interviewer
about Edison‟s quote. She got impressed. She asked me just a few more questions and asked
me to wait outside. After a little while, a lady called my name and I was informed that I got
through. It proved to be one of the best days of my life.
laMs FkkA eq>s bUVjO;w ds fy, tkuk FkkA eSa djhc 8 cts mBk] ugk;k vkSj rS;kj gks x;kA eSa bUVjO;w ds ckjs esa lkspdj
Mjk gqvk FkkA lp rks ;s Fkk fd ;s igyh ckj Fkk tc eSa bUVjO;w nsus okyk FkkA esjs nksLr us eq>s bUVjO;w ds ckjs esa dkQh
dqN ckrk;k Fkk ij t+kfgj lh ckr Fkh fd eSa Mjk gqvk FkkA eSa fudy iM+k ogk¡ ds fy, tgk¡ bUVjO;w gksuk FkkA tc eSa
ogk¡ igq¡pk] eSus FkkWEl vYok ,fMlu dh dgh ckr cksMZ ij i<+h] fy[kk Fkk ÞeSa ;s ugha dgw¡xk fd eSa gt+kj ckj vlQy
gqvk] cfYd eSa rks ;s dgw¡xk fd eSa ,sls gt+kj rjhds tkurk gw¡ ftuls vki lQy ugha gksaxsÞA blus eq>s gkaSlyk fn;k vkSj
eSaus eglwl fd;k fd bl ckr ls QdZ ugha iM+rk fd eSa vlQy gks tk ¡] cfYd eq>s rks vk‛kkoknh gksuk pkfg,A ;s lksprs
gq,] eSa ,d cM+s gkWy esa igq¡pk] tgk¡ djhc 50 yksx cSBs FksA eSaus b/kj&m/kj ns[kkA eSaus ,d fjlSI‛kfuLV dks ns[kk] eSa mlds
ikl x;kA mlus eq>ls esjk jST;wes ekaxk] eaSus fn;kA mlus eq>s ,d ut+j ns[kk vkSj eq>s cSBus dh lykg nhA dkQh nsj
ckn esjk uke iqdkjk x;kA tSls gh eaSus bUVjO;w #e esa dne j[kk] eq>s lh/ks ;s iz‛u iwNk x;k fd ;gk¡ lcls igyh pht+
eq>s D;k ilUn vk;hA eaSus bUVjO;w ysus okys O;fDr dks ,fMlu dh dgh ckr ds ckjs esa crk;kA oks izHkkfor gks xbZaA
mUgkasus eq>s dqN vkSj iz‛u iwNs vkSj ckgj bUrtkj djus dks dgkA FkksM+h gh nsj ckn] ,d efgyk us esjk uke fy;k vkSj
eq>s lwfpr fd;k x;k fd eSa flySDV gks x;kA ;s esjh ft+Unxh ds lcls vPNs fnukas esa ls ,d lkfcr gqvkA
4. Colors of Life
Life is called colorful with so many colors in it. Colors are nothing but the reference of
several phases of life. Life is given names i.e. Struggling, Beautiful or any other adjective
as such. It differs person to person and it all depends on how we take it. We are all born
with some innate instincts, positive or negative which differs us in how we celebrate win
and how we surpass a loss. Losing a race, by two people might be seen in two different
ways. One might consider himself a weaker contender and promise to improvise further
whereas the other one might blame his fortune. This exhibits two different behavior
patterns of two individuals. However, the way we expect life, is not necessarily what it
turns out to be. Hence, our perception about it changes with our experience. The more we
experience, the more colors we discover.
ftUnxh dks dgk tkrk gS fd ;s dbZ jaxks ls Hkjh gSA jax dqN vkSj ugha thou ds dbZ i{kksa dks n‛kkZrs gSA ftUnxh dks dbZ
fo‛ks"k kksa ls uokt+k tkrk gS tSls eqf‛dy Hkjh] [kwclwjr vkSj ,sls gh dbZ vkSj fo‛ks"k kA ;s bl ckr ij fuHkZj djrk gS fd
vyx&vyx yksx bls fdl rjg le>rs gaSA ge lHkh dk tUe dqN LokHkkfod izo`fRr;ksa ds lkFk gqvk gSA ldkjkRed ;k
udkjkRed tks gekjh lksp ds fglkc ls gS fd ge fdl rjg viuh thr dk t‛u eukrs gaS ;k viuh gkj dk ‚kksdA nks
yksx ,d jsl dh gkj dks nks vyx&vyx rjhdksa ls ys ldrs gSaA gks ldrk gS fd ,d vius vki dks detksj le>dj
vius vki dks csgrj cukus dk iz k ys rks nwljk viuh fdLer dks nks" k nsA ;g nks O;fDr;ksa ds O;ogkfjd uewus dks
n‛kkZrk gSA ij le>us dh ckr ;g gS fd tks ge mEehn djrs gSa] t+:jh ugha fd ogh gksA blfy,] gekjh lksp gekjs
vuqHko ds lkFk cnyrh gSA ftrus T+;knk ge vuqHko ysrs gSa] thou ds mrus gh jaxks ls voxr gksrs gaSA
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5. Criminals
Criminals are those who commit crime for any reason at all. This is the actual definition
that we expect from all of us and also we expect such people to be given the title „criminals‟ .
However, needless to say that this title is not in fact given to all, who commit crimes and
neither, all the people, who are given this title are necessarily criminals. What we often
hear is about hidden crimes, which are never unearthed; reasons are many. Sometimes it‟ s
because the victim is scared of future repercussions to himself/herself or to loved ones and
sometimes it‟ s because victim is completely unaware of the laws, which might give him/her
justice. These crimes are huge in numbers. I believe, Education plays a vital role in
minimizing crime rate. Our country will grow if we grow our hereabouts. A revolution
doesn‟ t demand many but one.
vijk/kh oks gksrs gSa tks fdlh Hkh dkj ko‛k vijk/k djrs gSaA ;gh oks ifjHkk"kk gS tks ge lHkh ls mEehn djrs gaSA vkSj ;s Hkh
mEehn djrs gSa fd ,sls yksxksa dks vijk/kh uke fn;k tk,A ij ;s crkus dh t+:jr ugha fd ;g uke okLro esa lHkh
vijkf/k;ksa dks ugha fn;k tkrk vkSj ;g Hkh t+#jh ugha fd ftUgas fn;k tkrk gS oks vijk/kh gh gksaA ge vDlj fNis gq,
vijk/kksa ds ckjs esa lqurs gSa tks dHkh mtkxj gh ugha gq,] dkj k dbZ gaS] dHkh&dHkh ,slk blfy, gksrk gS D;ksafd ihfM+r
Hkfo"; ds nqLizHkkoksa ls Mjrk gS tks mlds lkFk ;k mlds viuksa ds lkFk gks ldrs gSa ;k fQj dHkh blfy, fd oks dkuwu
ds ckjs esa tkurk gh ugha tks mls U;k; ns ldrs gSaA ;s vijk/k cgqr vf/kd ek=k esa gksrs gSaA eSa le>rk gw¡ fd f‛k{kk
vijk/k dh nj de djus esa egRoiw kZ Hkwfedk fuHkkrh gSA gekjk ns‛k vkxs c<+sxk vxj ge vius vkl&ikl dh rjDdh
djsaA ,d ØkfUr ds fy, dbZ ugha] ,d gh dkQh gSA
6. Diwali
Diwali is the most important festival of Hindus. This festival is celebrated with joy and
happiness. It is a festival of light. The reason of celebrating this festival is that on this day,
Lord Rama had come back to Ayodhya after 14 years of exile. On his arrival, people of
Ayodhya lighted the whole city with Diyas. Since then, Hindus has been celebrating this
festival. It is celebrated with fireworks and crackers. In this festival, distributing sweets
has also become a trend. But there is something that we can‟ t ignore that on this day, air
pollution is on high due to the smoke of crackers.
nhokyh fgUnqvksa dk lcls izeq[k R;ksgkj gSA ;g R;ksgkj g’kksZYykl ls euk;k tkrk gS A ;g jks‛kuh dk R;ksgkj gSA bl
R;ksgkj dks eukus dk dkj k ;g gS fd bl fnu Hkxoku jke 14 o’kksaZ ds cuokl ds ckn v;ks/;k okil vk;s FksA Hkxoku
jke ds bl vkxeu ij] v;ks/;k okfl;ksa us ‚kgj dks nh;ksa ls txex dj fn;kA rc ls] fgUnw bl R;ksgkj dks euk jgs gSaA
bls iVk[kksa ds lkFk euk;k tkrk gSA bl R;ksgkj esa feBkbZ ck¡Vuk Hkh ,d izpyu lk cu x;k gSA ij ,d ckr gS ftls
ge >qByk ugha ldrs fd bl fnu iVk[kksa ds /kq,¡ ds dkj k ok;q iznw’k k vR;f/kd ek=k esa gksrk gSA
7. When I was a kid

How cruel I feel I was when I was a kid. I used to kill small creatures like ants, fishes, birds
etc without any regret. Every day was a new day of my sin. I would separate the nests off
the tree, thinking that the bird would have to face trouble finding her children. Even if kids
would die, I would feel no pain. I would make two ants fight and imagine how I would have
experienced if I was of their size. I would kill birds with a special weapon called “Gulail”. I
remember an incidence when I rather ate toffees of the school fee than pay to Class Teacher
and next day hid behind the tree. Having been seen, I jumped into a canal and put myself
under water thinking they couldn‟ t see me, just like a pigeon, closes eyes seeing cat
believing that she is not being seen. It‟s something that makes me laugh now. Whatever it
was, cute it was. It is true that childhood is like a dream that is to be broken some or the
other day.
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eSa eglwl djrk gw¡ fd eSa fdruk Øwj Fkk] tc eSa ,d cPpk FkkA eSa NksVs izkf k;ksa tSls phaVh] eNfy;ksa] if{k;ksa vkfn dks ekj
fn;k djrk gS oks Hkh fcuk fdlh iNrkos dsA gj fnu esjs iki dk ,d u;k fnu FkkA eSa ?kksalyksa dks isM+ ls vyx dj nsrk
Fkk] ;s lkspdj fd fpfM+;k¡ dks vius cPpksa dks <wa<us esa fnDdr >syuh iM+sxhA cPps pkgs ej tk,] eq>s nnZ eglwl Hkh ugha
gksrk FkkA eSa nks phafV;ksa dks yM+krk Fkk vkSj ;s dYiuk djrk Fkk fd eq>s dSlk eglwl gksrk vxj eSa muds ftrus vkdkj
dk gksrkA eSa ,d vuks[ks gfFk;kj xqysy ls if{k;ksa dks ekj fn;k djrk FkkA eq>s ,d ?kVuk ;kn gS tc eSaus Dykl Vhpj
dks Qhl nsus ds ctk, ml iSls dh VkWQh [kk yh vkSj vxys fnu isM+ ds ihNs fNi x;kA vkSj ns[ks tkus ij] eSa ugj esa
dwn x;k vkSj vius vki dks ikuh esa ?kqlk fn;k] ;s lkspdj fd oks eq>s ns[k ugha ik;saxs fcYdqy ,d dcwrj dh rjg tks
fcYyh dks ns[kdj vk¡[k cUn dj ysrk gS vkSj ;s lksprk gS fd mls ns[kk ugha tk jgk gSA vc ;s ckr eq>s g¡lk nsrh gSA
ij tks dqN Hkh Fkk ;s] cgqr I;kjk FkkA
;g lp gS fd cpiu ,d lius dh rjg gS ftls ,d u ,d fnu VwVuk gh gSA
8.
Recent incidents have threatened Delhi. People are in a dilemma what to do. They are quite
agitated due to increasing crimes against women. Its witness is people‟ s protest at Jantar
Mantar. But only protest is not our aim but we want our views to be reached to
Government. In future, such incidents might happen with our loved ones to. Such shameful
incidents defame our nation. If we really want to stop these, we will have to raise our voice.
gky gh esa gqbZ ?kVukvksa us fnYyh dks ngyk fn;k gSA yksx le> ugha ik jgs gSa fd oks djsa rks D;k djsaA efgykvksa ds lkFk
gks jgs t++qeZ ds f[kykQ yksx dkQh vkØks‛k esa gSa] ftldk lcwr gS tUrj eUrj ij gks jgk yksxks dk fonzksg izn‛kZuA ij
fonzksg djuk gh gekjk m)s‛; ugha gS cfYd ge ljdkj rd viuh ckr igq¡pkuk pkgrs gSaA dy ,slh ?kVuk,¡ gekjs fdlh
vius ds lkFk Hkh gks ldrh gaSA bl rjg dh ‚keZukd ?kVuk,¡ gekjs ns‛k dks cnuke djrh gaSA vxj ge lgh ek;us esa bu
?kVukvksa dks jksduk pkgrs gSa rks gesa vkokt+ mBkuh gksxh A
9. Poverty
Poverty is a malediction for our society. If you really want to realize what poverty is, then
you must interact with people who live in slums. Talk to them, ask them about their lives,
their past and then see how difficult their lives have been. I lived a middle class life and
always got almost everything that I wanted, even though I had to ask my dad for many a
time. I firmly believe that pain ideally is realized by the one who goes through, not by
everybody. Indian Government has put in several efforts to improvise their lives, Huge is
the number of NGOs, which claim to help the needy but implementation is not up to the
mark and the major reasons of Government‟ s failure is nothing but the corruption.
In fact, poverty and corruption go hand by hand. Both are mutually related to a great
extent. If you are poor, you tend to do anything and everything that can get you some
money and that‟ s where corruption comes from. However, there are numerous examples,
where even the rich are corrupt due to the greediness for having more money.
xjhch gekjs lekt ds fy, ,d vfHk‛kki gS] vxj okLro esa xjhch dks eglwl djuk pkgrs gks] rks vkidks mu yksxksa ls
feyuk pkfg, tks xUnh cLrh esa jgrs gSaA muls ckr djks] mUgsa iwNks muds thou ds ckjs esa] muds chrs dy ds ckjs esa
vkSj fQj ns[kks mudh ft+Unxh fdruh eqf‛dy jgh gSA eSaus ,d e/;e Lrj dh ft+Unxh th vkSj yxHkx oks gj pht+ ik;h
tks eSus pkgh] gkyk¡fd eq>s vius firk ls dbZ ckj dguk iM+kA eSa ;s fo‛okl djrk gw¡ fd nnZ lgh ek;uksa esa ogh eglwl
djrk gS] tks mlls xqtjrk gS] gj dksbZ ughaA Hkkjr ljdkj us muds thou lq/kkj gsrq dbZ iz;kl fd;s gSa] dbZ lkjs xSj
ljdkjh laaLFkku (NGO) gSa tks t+#jreanks dh enn djus dk nkok djrs gSa ij okLrfodrk dqN vkSj gS vkSj ljdkj dh
vlQyrk dk eq[; dkj k dqN vkSj ugha cfYd Hkz"Vkpkj gSA
okLro esa] xjhch vkSj Hkz"Vkpkj lkFk&lkFk pyrs gSaA nksuksa ,d nwljs ls dkQh gn rd tqM+s gq, gSaA vxj vki xjhc gks]
rks iSlk izkIr djrs gsrq vki dqN Hkh djus dks rRij jgrs gks vkSj ;gha ls tUe gksrk gS Hkz"Vkpkj dkA ij fQj Hkh] dbZ
,sls mnkgj k gSa tgk¡ vehj Hkh T+;knk iSls ds ykyp esa Hkz"V gksrs gSaA
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10. Uncertainty of Life
Life is full of uncertainty. It is difficult to say about future as what we think is not
necessarily going to happen. But it doesn‟ t mean that we leave putting efforts. We must
improvise on every next day, as in we must make everyday count. Someone has said,
whatever we expect, we often achieves lesser. If it is true why don‟ t we aim at more than
what we dream so that we might get what we want. No matter what fortune has for us,
efforts mustn‟t remain below the mark.
Tkhou vfuf‛prrkvksa ls Hkjk gSA dy ds ckjs esa dg ikuk eqf‛dy gS D;ksafd tks ge lksprs gSa oSlk gh gks] t+:jh ugha gSA
ij bldk ;g vFkZ Hkh ugha fd ge iz;kl djuk NksM+ nsaA gesa gj fnu vius vki dks igys ls csgrj cukuk pkfg, ;kuh
gesa gj fnu dks iwjh rjg thuk pkfg,A fdlh us dgk gS fd ftruk gekjs eu esa gS] ge vDlj mlls de gh ikrs gSaA
;fn ;s lp gS rks ge D;ksa u mlls T+;knk dks y{; cuk;sa rkfd gesa mruk gh fey tk,] ftruk ge pkgrs gSaA Hkfo"; esa
pkgs tks gks] iz;kl dHkh de u jg tk,¡A
Hindi to English Translation Exercises

The following paragraphs are just mixed up with several conversations in
between, hence you might feel no flow from one sentence to another in many
cases; but don‟ t worry, just focus on translation, not on sequence.
1- eSa dHkh dHkh lksprk gw¡ fd rqe esjs lkFk cSBks vkSj dqN vPNh ckrsa py jgh gksa ij eSa tkurk gw¡ fd ;s mruk
vklku ugha gSA gkyk¡fd eSa tkurk gw¡ fd ge iwjh rjg vyx gSaA rqe cgqr vPNh yM+dh gks vkSj eSa cgqr cqjk yM+dk gw¡A
ij lp esa] eSa vius vki dks cnyus dh dksf‛k‛k d#¡xkA eSa dkQh gn rd vius vki dks cny Hkh pqdk gw¡A rqe eq>s D;ksa
ugha le>rh\ ij eSa rqEgsa Cyse ugha d#¡xkA ;g rqEgkjs vkSj esjs chp dh ckr gSA ge nksuksa vPNs nksLr gSaA tc esjs lkFk
dksbZ ugha Fkk] rqe rc Hkh esjs lkFk FkhA eSa rqEgkjk vkHkkjh gw¡A
I sometimes think that you sit with me and an interesting talk is going on but I know, it‟ s
not that easy. Though, I know we are different altogether. You are a very nice girl and I am
a bad boy. But seriously, I will try to change myself. I have even changed myself to a great
extent. Why don‟ t you understand me? But I will not blame you. This is between you and
me. We both are good friends. When nobody was with me, you were still with me. I am
grateful to you.
2- vki dSls gSa\ eSa vPNk gw¡A vki crkb,\ eSa Hkh vPNk g¡wA vki dh QSfeyh dSlh gS\ vPNh gS A vki ds cPps dSls
gSa\ os vPNs gSaA vkidk #Vhu D;k gS\ eSa lqcg 6 cts mBrk gw¡A ugkrk gw¡A mlds ckn ?kweus tkrk gw¡A ikdZ esa ?kweuk
vPNk yxrk gSA fQj okil vk tkrk gw¡A dy tc eSa ?kweus x;k] eSaus ,d cUnj ns[kkA mlds ikl nks iSu FksA pyks NksM+ksA
okil vkus ds ckn eSa uk‛rk djrk gw¡A esjh eEeh cgqr vPNk [kkuk cukrh gSaA [kkus ds ckn eSa vkWfQl pyk tkrk gw¡A eSa
10 cts vkWfQl igq¡prk gw¡A izkStsDV cukrk gw¡A 2 cts yUp djrk gw¡A v¡xM+kbZ ysrk gw¡A 4 cts vkWfQl ls fudyrk gw¡A 5
cts ?kj igq¡prk gw¡A fQj FkksM+k i<+kbZ djrk gw¡A i<+kbZ ds ckn] FkksM+k [ksyrk gw¡A [ksyus ds ckn] iwtk djrk gw¡A U;wt+ ns[krk
gw¡A U;wt+ ns[kuk vPNk yxrk gSA eSa vHkh Hkh U;wt+ ns[k jgk gw¡A lkFk esa [kkuk Hkh [kkuk jgk gw¡A 10 cts lksus tkrk gw¡A
dSlk gS esjk #Vhu\ vPNk gS esjs nksLrA eSa iwtk ugha djrk gw¡A eSa [ksyrk Hkh ugha gw¡A
How are you? I am fine. You tell me? I am fine too. How is your family? Good. How are your
children? They are good. What is your routine? I get up at 6 o‟ clock in the morning, take a
bath and then go for a walk. I like walking in the park. Then I come back. Yesterday when I
went for a walk, I saw a monkey having two pens. Leave it. After coming back, I take
breakfast. My mom cooks pretty nice food. After having food, I go to office. I reach office at
10 o‟ clock. I prepare the project. I take lunch at 2 o‟ clock. I stretch. I leave office at 4. I reach
home at 5. Then I study bit. After studying, I play for a while. After playing, I worship. I
watch news. I like watching News. I am still watching it and eating the food as well. At 10,
I go to bed. How is my routine? It‟ s nice mate. I don‟ t worship. I don‟ t play either.
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3- os pkj yM+fd;k¡ gS vkSj rqe dsoy nks yM+ds gksA muds ikl fnekx gS vkSj rqEgkjs ikl dke gSA rqe vxj fey
dj dke djks rks lc Bhd gks ldrk gSA bl nqfu;k esa lc dqN lEHko gSA rqeus dHkh muls ckr dh bl ckjs esa\ eSa rks
dHkh ugha dj ik;kA vxyh ckj tc rqe ogk¡ tkvks rks muls t+#j feyukA os cgqr vPNs bUlku gSaA lHkh yM+fd;k¡ viuk
dke le; ij djrh gSaA rqe Hkh djrs gks ij deh jg tkrh gSA D;k rqe esjs ckjs es tkurs gks\ eq>s ,slk ugha yxrkA eq>s
oks ?kM+h feyh ij eSaus okfil dj nhA D;k eSaus vPNk ugha fd;k\ rqeus ges‛kk eq>s xyr le>k ij eSaus rqEgas nksLr le>kA
vkt oDr vk pqdk gS fd ge ,d nwljs dks le>saA ns[krs gSa rqe dc le>ksxsA ysfdu eq>ls nwj er tkukA eSa oknk djrk
gw¡ fd eSa Hkh ugha tk ¡xkA
They are four girls and you are only 2 boys. They have mind and you have work. If you work
together, then everything can be alright. Everything is possible in this world. Did you talk
to them about this? I could never do. When you go there next time, meet them for sure.
They are very nice human beings. All the girls finish their work in time. You also do but
something misses. Do you know about me? I don‟ t think so. I found that watch but I
returned. Did I not do well? You always took me wrong but I took you as a friend. Now the
time has come that we understand each other. Let‟s see when you understand. But don‟ t go
away from me. I promise that I will not go either.
4- eSa dgha tk jgk gw¡A eq>s ugha irk dgk¡\ ‚kk;n ogha tgk¡ eSa rUgkbZ esa tkrk gw¡A cM+k lqdwu feyrk gSA efUnjksa dh
?kfUV;ksa dh vkokt+ lqukbZ nsrh gSA ,slk yxrk gS tSls Hkxoku esjs cgqr ikl gSA eSa fiNys 4 ?kaVs ls py jgk gw¡ ij vHkh
Hkh ogk¡ ugha ig¡pk gw¡A tkurs gks D;ksa\ D;ksafd eSa rqels Qksu ij ckr Hkh dj jgk gw¡A djhc 2 ?kaVs gks pqds gSaA irk gS\ ,d
gkFkh fn[k jgk gSA cM+k I;kjk lk gSA yxrk gS ;s 1 lky dk gSA eq>s tkuojksa dk cgqr rt+qZck gSA eSa vklkuh ls tkuojksa
dh mez crk ldrk gw¡A
I am going somewhere. I don‟ t know where? Most probably, the place where I go in my
loneliness. I feel good. The sound of temple‟ s bells is heard. It seems as God is just quite
nearby me. I have been walking for last 4 hours but not reached there yet. You know why?
Because I‟ ve been talking to you over the phone as well. It has been about 2 hrs. You know
what? I can see an elephant. He is very cute. It looks a year old. I have rich experience
about animals. I can easily figure out animals‟ age.
5- eSa dke dj pqdk gw¡ ij rqe iwNrs gh ugha gksA eSa rqels vuqjks/k djrk gw¡ fd rqe iwNk djksA irk ugha rqe D;k dj
jgs gksA gesa ,d nwljs ls iwNuk pkfg,A eSa tkurk gw¡ ;g vklku ugha gS ij ukeqefdu dqN Hkh ughaA ge nksuksa lksp esa
fcYdqy vyx gSaA ,slk D;ksa gS\ blfy, D;ksafd ge dHkh dke ds ckjs esa ckr ugha djrs\ eSa ugha tkurk fd rqe D;k
lksprs gks\ eSa id pqdk gw¡A D;k rqe ugha ids\ ‚kk;n rqe Hkh] ij rqe dHkh crkrs ughaA eSa rqEgkjh cgqr bT+t+r djrk gw¡
ij bldk ;g eryc ugha fd rqe esjh ijs‛kkuh le÷kks gh ughaA
I have worked but you don‟ t ask. I request you that you ask. I don‟ t know what you are
doing. We must ask each other. I know it‟ s not easy but nothing is impossible. We both are
different altogether in thinking. Why is it? Is it because we never talk about work? I don‟ t
know what you think? I am fed up. Aren‟ t you? Perhaps, you too but you never express. I
respect you a lot but it doesn‟ t mean that you don‟ t even understand my problems.
6- rqeus dHkh mlls ckr dh bl ckjs esa\ fdl ckjs esa\ nksLr] rqe Hkwy tkrs gksA ge dHkh Hkh dke ds ckjs esa ckr
ugha djrsA eSa fiNys 4 ?kaVs ls dksf‛k‛k dj jgk gw¡A rqels Qksu ij ckr Hkh dh ij dksbZ Qk+;nk ugha gqvkA rqEgsa D;k yxrk
gS fd eSa ikxy gw¡ ! eSaus ,slk rks ugha dgkA pyks NksM+ksA vkt ,slk yx jgk gS tSls eSaus rqEgsa [kks fn;k gksA D;k rqeus jke
dks dHkh ns[kk gS\ gk¡ ns[kk rks gS ij Hkwy x;k g¡w mldk psgjkA
Did you ever talk to him on this matter? About what? Mate, you forget. We never discuss
about work. I have been trying for last 4 hours. We even had a talk over the phone but of no
use. What do you think, I am mad! I didn‟ t say so. Anyways Leave it. Now, I feel as if I have
lost you. Have you ever seen Ram? Yes I have but I‟ ve forgotten his face.
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Lesson – 41
Written Conversations
All the conversations of this chapter are taken just for the learning purpose and
any similarities to any events, resemblance to any person/place/thing would be
just a coincidence.
Conversation –1 ¼okrkZyki&1½
jkds'k % xqM ekWfuZax ljA
Rakesh : Good Morning sir.
Mk0 caly % xqM ekWfuZax] vUnj vk tkb,A
Dr. Bansal : Morning. Come in please.
jkds'k % lj dqN fnuksa ls esjs flj esa dkQh nnZ jgrk gSA djhc 15 fnu gks x;s gSaA nnZ vDlj jkr esa gksrk gS eSa
tc lksus tkrk gw¡] mlds FkksM+k igys 9 cts ds djhcA
Rakesh : Sir, Actually, I have got a severe headache for a few days. It has been about 15
days now. Pain mostly occurs at night, just before I go to bed, at about 9.
Mk0 caly % dgha ls nokb;k¡ yh \
Dr. Bansal : Did you take medicine from somewhere?
jkds'k % vc rd rks ugha A gkyk¡fd eSa lksp jgk FkkA
Rakesh : Not yet. Though, I was thinking.
Mk0 caly % fdlh Hkh chekjh dks gYds esa ugha ysuk pkfg,A 15 fnu rks cgqr gksrs gSaA 5&7 fnu rks pyrk gSA pyks
vkius ;s rks le>k fd nnZ vDlj ,d gh le; ij gksrk gS vkSj oks Hkh lksus ls igysA
Dr. Bansal : No illness must be taken lightly. 15 days is more than enough. 5-7 days
period is acceptable. Anyways, now you atleast made out that the headache
occurs at the same time before going to bed.
jkds'k % igys eaSus lkspk fd [kqn gh Bhd gks tk;sxk ij vc eq>s Mj yx jgk gSA [kkus&ihus dk [;ky u j[kus
dh otg ls tks chekfj;k¡ vkt dy gks jgh gS mUgsa lkspdj gh Mj yxus yxrk gSA
Rakesh : Well, initially I thought it might be cured itself but now I am a bit scared.
Due to irregularity in food habits, the illnesses which are known these days, I
get horrified even thinking about those.
Mk0 caly % ?kcjkus dh ckr ugha gSA vc vki eq> ij NksM+ nhft,A vPNk crkvksA bu 15 fnuksa [kk¡lh tqdke]
cq[kkj ;k fQj pDdj vkuk tSlk dqN gqvk \
Dr. Bansal : Not to worry. Leave it on me now. Let me know if in these 15 days, you had
cold, cough, fever or any giddiness sort of.
jkds'k % gk¡ nks ckj pDdj vk;kA vk¡[kksa ds vkxs va/ksjk lk Nk x;k FkkA
Rakesh : yeah, I felt giddiness twice. It just got dark in front of eyes.
Mk0 caly % rst lkal yks A fpUrk djus dh t+:jr ughaA eSa dqN nokb;k¡ fy[k ds ns jgk gw¡A ckgj eSfMdy LVksj
ls [kjhn ysukA lc Bhd gks tk,xkA vc vki 2 fnu ckn fQj vkb,A ns[krs gSa D;k QdZ iM+rk gSA
Dr. Bansal :Breathe heavily. Don‟t worry. I am writing a few medicines. Purchase from
the medical store outside. Everything will be alright. Now you have to come
after 2 days. Let‟ s see the progress.
jkds'k % Bhd gS Mk0- lkgc A
Rakesh : That‟s fine, Doctor.
Conversation – 2 ¼okrkZyKI&2½
lhek % oks okyk VSMh fn[kkukA fdrus dk gS \
Seema : Show me that teddy bear please! How much is that for?
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nqdkunkj % ;s yhft,] ;s okyk 500 dk gSA ;s vkphZt+ dEiuh dk gSA
Shopkeeper: Here it is. This one is for Rs. 500. It is of Archies.
lhek % vkSj VSMh gSa D;k \
Seema : Have you got a few more?
nqdkunkj % ,d lsdUMA fn[kkrk gw¡A
Shopkeeper: Give me a moment. I will show you.
lhek % HkS;k] fcYdqy vkdZ"kd VSMh fn[kkb,A vyx&vyx jaxksa esa HkhA
Seema : Bhaiya, show me attractive ones. And in different colors too.
nqdkunkj % m/kj nsf[k,A ftrus Hkh VSMh gS lc ,d lkFk j[ks gSaA vxj muesa ls dksbZ ilUn u vk;s rks ‚kke rd
dk bUrt+kj dfj,A esjs ikl djhc 15&20 vkSj vk tk;saxsA
Shopkeeper: Look at there. All the teddies are kept together. If you don‟t like any of those,
kindly wait till the evening. I will get about 15-20 more by then.
lhek % HkS;k] ;s okyk I;kjk yx jgk gSA t+jk fudky ds fn[kkb,A
Seema : Bhaiya, this one is looking cute. Just take it out.
nqdkunkj % eSMe ;s FkksM+k e¡gxk gSA
Shopkeeper: This one is a bit costly madam.
lhek % fdrus dk gS \
Seema : For how much?
nqdkunkj % ;s okyk 900 dk iM+sxkA
Shopkeeper: It will cost you 900. / It is for 900 bucks.
lhek % FkksM+k Bhd&Bhd yxkb,A
Seema : Bhaiya, be reasonable. / Discount me a bit.
nqdkunkj % 800 ls de ugha gks ik;sxkA
Shopkeeper: Not less than 800.
lhek % HkS;k] pyks Bhd gSA iSd dj nhft,A eq>s fdlh dks fx¶V djuk gSA
Seema : It‟s okey. Pack/Wrap it. I have to gift it to someone.
nqdkunkj % ;s yhft,A
Shopkeeper: Here it is.
lhek % ;s yhft, iSls] FkSaD;w] HkS;kA
Seema : Here is the money, thanks bhaiya.
Conversation – 3 ¼okrkZyki & 3½

fiz;k % xqM ekWfuZax lj A
Priya : Good morning, sir.
fe0- ‚kekZ % xqM ekWfuZax cPps A dSls gks vki \
Mr. Sharma: Good morning dear. How are you doing?
fiz;k % eSa Bhd gw¡ ljA
Priya : I am doing well, sir.
fe0- ‚kekZ % dy dk gkseodZ gks x;k gS \
Mr. Sharma: Have you done yesterday‟s homework?/ Are you done with the homework?
fiz;k % dy lj ?kj ij dqN fj‛rsnkj vk x;s Fks blfy, [kkuk cukus esa bruh O;Lr gks xbZ fd fcydqy le;
ugha fudky ik;hA eSaus lkspk jkr esa d#¡xh ij oks jkr esa ?kj ij gh :ds blfy, eqf‛dy gks x;kA
Priya : Actually sir, yesterday some relatives had dropped in so I got so busy into
cooking food that I couldn‟ t spare time. I thought, I would do at night but they
stayed even at night so it got difficult to manage.
fe0- ‚kekZ % pyks dksbZ ckr ugha] esgeku pys x;s \
Mr. Sharma: It‟s ok. Have they left? / Are they gone?
fiz;k % vkt nksigj esa tk;saxsA tc rd eSa ?kj igq¡pw¡xh] oks tk pqds gksaxsA
Priya : They will go in the afternoon. By the time I reach home, they‟ ll have left.
fe0- ‚kekZ % Bhd gS fQj dy pSd djk ysuk] vkt eSa Dykl esa gkseodZ ugha nw¡xkA
Mr. Sharma: That‟s alright. Get it checked tomorrow. I won‟ t give homework today.
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fiz;k % oSls ,d ckr dgw¡ ljA gkseodZ FkksM+k eqf‛dy gSA igys nks iz‛u rks fcYdqy gh ugha gks ik jgs FksA
Priya : sir, can I say something? Actually, Homework is a bit tough. I wasn‟t able to
solve the first two questions at all.
fe0- ‚kekZ % bldk eryc rqeus pSIVj u0- 3 <ax ls ugha i<+k gSA oks nksuksa iz‛u rhljs pSIVj ls gSaA
Mr. Sharma: That means, you haven‟ t read the third chapter properly/thoroughly. They
both are from the third chapter.
fiz;k % lj ,d dke djrh gw¡A rhljk pSIVj ,d ckj vkSj i<+rh gw¡ rc ns[krh gw¡ fd eSa dj ikrh gw¡ nksuksa iz‛u
;k ughaA
Priya : Sir, I will do one thing. I will revise the third chapter. Let me see if I will be
able to solve both of them.
fe0- ‚kekZ % eq>s ;dhu gS rqe le> tkvksxhA fQj Hkh vxj dksbZ fnDdr vk;s rks eSa Dykl esa nksckjk i<+k nw¡xk]
Bhd gS \
Mr. Sharma: I believe, you will understand. But if you still face any problem, I will revise
in class. Okay?
fiz;k % FkSaD;w ljA
Priya : Thank you sir.
fe0- ‚kekZ % eksLV oSYde
Mr. Sharma: Most welcome.

dey % lkxj] D;k ckr gS \ dqN mnkl lk yx jgk gSA dqN fnuksa ls cM+k [kks;k [kks;k jgrk gSA fdlh ls ckr ugha
djrkA dqN rks gS] tks rw ge lc ls fNik jgk gSA fny dh ckr dgus ls cks> gYdk gksrk gSA fny esa j[ksxk rks
gesa irk dSls pysxk fd gekjs nksLr dh ijs‛kkuh D;k gS\
Kamal: Sagar, what‟ s the matter? Looking sad! I have been noticing for a few days, you look
lost. Something is there, which you are hiding from us. It will relax you if you tell us
the matter. If you keep in yourself, how would we know the problem of our friend?
Lkkxj % dHkh&dHkh yxrk gS fd ft+Unxh esjs lkFk et+kd dj jgh gSA yxrk gS] Hkxoku dgha lks jgk gSA
Sagar: Sometimes I feel as if life is making fun of me. Looks as God is sleeping.
dey % ,slk D;k gks x;k \
Kamal: What happened? / What happened as such?
Lkkxj % eEeh dh rfc;r bruh [kjkc gks xbZ Fkh fd gkWfLiVy esa HkrhZ djuk iM+kA vc rks [kSj ?kj ij gh gSaA gekjh
dkj ij vkx yx x;hA bU‛;ksjsal nks fnu igys gh [kRe gqvk Fkk] ge vxys fnu djokus gh okys Fks fd ,slk
gks x;kA xkM+h ds tyus ij gesa dqN ugha fey ik;kA esjh tkWc Hkh NwV x;hA dEiuh fnokfy;k gks xbZA 2
efgus dh lSyjh Hkh ugha ikbZA
Sagar: Mom got so ill that we had to admit her in hospital. Though, she is at home now. Our
car caught fire. Insurance had ended just 2 days ago and we were about to renew it but
this incident occurred. We got nothing at all. I lost my job. Company got bankrupt. I
didn‟ t even get 2 months‟ salary.
dey % eEeh vc dSlh gSa\
Kamal: How is mom now?
lkxj % vc Bhd gSaA
Sagar: She is better now.
dey % vcs] lc Bhd gks tk;sxkA Hkxoku tks djrk gS] mlds ihNs dqN vPNk Hkh fNik gksrk gSA eq>s ;dhu gS fd vxys
eghus esjs tUefnu ij ge tcjnLr ikVhZ dj jgs gksxsaA vxj iSls dh dksbZ fnDdr gS rks csf>>d ek¡x ysukA
Kamal: Everything will be alright. Whatever God does, there is something good hidden there
as well. I am sure that in the next month, we will be having a grand celebration. If
there is a problem of money, don‟ t hesitate at all.
lkxj % iSls ls T;knk eq>s lkFk dh t+#jr gSA rw vk;k] fny dks vPNk yxkA FkSaDl nksLrA
Sagar: I rather need support. You came, I felt better. Thanks mate.
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dey % nksLrh esa FkSaDl ugha dgrsA ;s esjk QtZ gS fd vxj esjs nksLr dks fnDdr gS] rks eSa lkFk nw¡A vxj eSa rsjh txg
gksrk] rks D;k rw lkFk ugha nsrkA
Kamal: No thanks in friendship. It was my responsibility that if my friend is in trouble, I
help him. Had I been at your place, would you not have stood by.
Lkkxj % gk¡] ;s rks gSA
Sagar: I know. / You are right. / Of course / obviously.
dey % py lqu] ,slk gS vkt ge fQYe ns[kus tk jgsa gSaA
Kamal: Listen, now we are going for a movie, ok?
Lkkxj % FkksM+k iSls dh fnDdr gSA
Sagar: I have a bit problem of money. / My hands are a bit tight.
dey % iSls dh ckr dh eSaus\ ekbUM ÝS‛k djrs gSaA dy eSa rsjh eEeh ls feyus vk jgk gw¡A
Kamal: Did I talk about money? Let‟ s freshen up our mind. I am coming to see your mom
tomorrow.
lkxj % FkSaDl ;kjA
Sagar: Thanks mate.
dey % rwus ges‛kk nwljksa ds fy, vPNk fd;kA pkgs tks gks] eSa rsjk ges‛kk lkFk nw¡xkA rw esjk vPNk nksLr gS] ‚kk;n lcls
vPNkA ;kn gS ,d ckj rwus dgk Fkk fd vPNk nksLr oks gS tks t+#jr ij dke vk;sA ‚kk;n vkt oks fnu vk x;k]
vkSj eSa rsjs lkFk gw¡A
Kamal: You always did well for others. No matter what, I‟ ll always stand by you. You are a
good friend of mine, maybe the best. You remember? Once you had told me “The friend
in need is the friend indeed.” I guess the day has come, and I am with you.
lkxj % ;kn gSA
Sagar: I know. / I remember.
dey % ij rwus vPNk ugha fd;k] igys ;s lc ugha crk;kA py NksM+] lkjh ckrsa ,d rjQ] vc ge fQYe ns[kus tk jgs
gSaA FkksM+k g¡l Hkh ysA g¡luk lsgr ds fy, vPNk gksrk gSA
Kamal: But I am not very happy with you, you didn‟ t tell me earlier. Anyways, all aside, now
we are going for a movie. Now smile a little mate. To smile is good for health.

jke % dSlk gS nksLr \
Ram : How are you doing mate? / How are you bro?
‚;ke % cf<+;kA rw crkA
Shyam: Doing Good, you tell me?
jke % cl lc Bhd gSA vkSj D;k py jgk gS \
Ram: All good. What is going on?
‚;ke % cl vkt dy ikik ds fctul esa yxk gqvk gw¡ A viuh rjQ ls rks esgur py jgh gS ckdh lc
Hkxoku ij NksM+ fn;k gSA
Shyam: Nothing special, just into father‟s business. I am working hard from my end, rest
on God.
jke % ikik ds fct+usl ds ckjs esa rwus dHkh crk;k ugha A
Ram: you never told me about your Dad‟s business!
‚;ke % dHkh [kkl ekSdk ugha feykA py NksM+ ;s crk rsjh tkWc dSlh py jgh gS \
Shyam: Never got a chance in fact. Anyways, how is your job?
jke % tkWc Bhd py jgh gSA vc rsjk nksLr eSustj cu x;k gS A ;gkW¡ rd fd esjh ‚kknh Hkh r; gks xbZ gSA
Ram: Job is going well. I am a Manager now. Marriage is finalized as well.
‚;ke % D;k ckr dj jgk gS \ ets ys jgk gS D;k \
Shyam: What are you talking about? Are you kidding me?
jke % eSa etkd ugha dj jgk gw¡ A lp esa A
Ram: I am not kidding. I am serious.
‚;ke % dc \
Shyam: When is that?
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jke % rkjh[k r; ugha gqbZ vHkh ij iwjh mEehn gS fnlEcj rd A
Ram: Date is not decided yet, however most probably by December.
‚;ke % pyks cf<+;k gSA de ls de Mk¡l djus dk rks ekSdk feysxk A
Shyam: Wow! At least I will get a chance to dance.
jke % Mk¡l rks Bhd gS ij ‚kkSfiax oxSjg esa lkFk pyuk iM+sxk rq>sA
Ram: Dance is fine but you will have to go with me for shopping.
‚;ke % py Bhd gS dkWy dj nsukA
Shyam: It‟s ok, do call me, okay?
jke % vPNk pyrs gSa vc va/ksjk gks jgk gSA lqu eSa dy rsjs ?kj dh rjQ vk jgk gw¡ cksy rks ikVhZ djsaA oSls
Hkh dkQh fnu gks x;s gSaA
Ram: Well, let‟ s go now. It is getting dark. Listen, tomorrow I am coming nearby
your place. If you say we can have a party, it has anyways been many days.
‚;ke % tc ethZ nksLrA
Shyam: Anytime mate.
jke % py eSa dkWy d#¡xkA xqM ukbV A
Ram: Ok, I‟ll call you up. Good night.
‚;ke % vPNk Vsd ds;j] xqM ukbZV A
Shyam: Good night mate. Take care.
jksfgr % gk; ‚kkfyuhA dSlh gks \

Rohit: Hi Shalini, How are you doing?
‚kkfyuh % vki crkvks \
Shalini: You tell?
jksfgr % Bhd gw¡ A vPNk oks ml fnu eSa rqEgkjs ?kj vk;k Fkk A
Rohit: I am good. Well, I had come to your home the other day.
‚kkfyuh % gk¡ irk gSA eEeh us crk;k Fkk fd vkius gekjk dEI;wVj Bhd fd;k Fkk A eq>s rks irk gh ugha Fkk fd
vki ,d dEI;wVj bathfu;j gks A
Shalini: I know. Mom had told me, You had repaired our computer. I had no idea that
you are a computer engineer.
jksfgr % rqe rks fn[kh ugha ogk¡\
Rohit: I didn‟ t see you there? / You were not seen around?
‚kkfyuh % gkW¡ oks eSa vius vady ds ;gk¡ Fkh A
Shalini: Yeah, Actually I was at my uncle‟ s place.
jksfgr % oks dgk¡ jgrs gSa \
Rohit: Where does he live?
‚kkfyuh % vxyh gh xyh esa vjs oks tks vaxzst+h fl[kkrs gSaA
Shalini: In the next street. The one, who teaches English.
jksfgr % fcØkUr lj A
Rohit: Ashish Rawat sir!
‚kkfyuh % gk¡ ogh rks A
Shalini: Yeah, he is.
jksfgr % oks rqEgkjs vady gSa \ eq>s ugha irk Fkk A eaSus mUgha ls rks vaxzst+h lh[kh A
Rohit: Is he your uncle? I didn‟ t know. He is the one, even I learned English from.
‚kkfyuh % oks cgqr Qsel gks x;s gSa vc A mUgksaus djhc 6 lky igys i<+kuk ‚kq: fd;k Fkk A vc oks djhc 2 yk[k
:0 eghuk dekrs gaSA
Shalini: He is quite famous now. He had started teaching about 6 years ago. Now he
earns around 2 lacs a month.
jksfgr % rqels ,d ckr dgw¡A rqe cqjk rks ugha ekuksxh A
Rohit: Can I say something? Please don‟t mind.
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‚kkfyuh % cksyksA
Shalini: Sure.
jksfgr % irk gS A eSa dHkh dg ugha ik;k rqels fd eSa rqEgsa cgqr ilUn djrk gw¡A eSa ges‛kk rqEgkjh QSfeyh ds aps
:rcs ls Mjrk FkkA eSa ges‛kk lksprk Fkk fd eSa dgw¡ ij fny dh ckr fny esa gh jg xbZA cqjk er ekuukA
eSaus flQZ ogh dgk tks eq>s eglwl gqvkA
Rohit: You know what. I couldn‟ t ever say that I like you. I was always scared of your
family‟s high status. I tried a lot but couldn‟ t courage. Don‟ t mind, okey. I just
said what I felt.
‚kkfyuh % eq>s yxrk gS vc eq>s pyuk pkfg, A eSa vkidks Qksu d:axh vksdsA
Shalini: I think I must leave now. I‟ll call you, okey.
jksfgr % Bhd gSA
Rohit: Alright.
‚kkfyuh % ck; A
Shalini: Bye.
Vhpj % cPpksa] vkt ge ,d u;k VkWfid i<+us okys gSaA vPNk crkb,] fiNyh Dykl esa eSaus tks i<+k;k FkkA D;k
vki lcdks le> vk x;k \
Teacher : Students, today we are going to learn a new topic. But tell me, whatever I had
taught in the last class, did you all understand?
fiz;k % lj nwljk iz‛u le> ugha vk jgk FkkA eSus nksckjk i<+k vkSj fQj vius cM+s HkS;k ls iwNk] rc tkdj dgha
le> vk ik;kA
Priya : Sir, I had not understood the second question. I revised and asked my brother,
and then finally I could understand.
lksgu % lj] esjs lkFk Hkh ,slk gh gqvkA eqf‛dy rks yxk ij fQj Hkh eSaus dj fy;kA vPNk lj] ,d ckr iwNuh
Fkh] oks tks pkSFkk iz‛u Fkk] mlesa A dh oSY;w 10 j[kuh Fkh u \ eSaus 10 j[kdj fd;k rks gks x;kA
Sohan : Sir, the same thing happened with me. Even, I found difficulty but then finally
solved it. Sir, I had to ask you one thing; in the 4th question, A‟ s value was
10, wasn‟t it? because I put 10 and it was solved.
Vhpj % j[kuh rks 10 gh Fkh ij D;ksa \ dkSu crk ldrk gS vki esa ls \
Teacher : Yes, You had to put 10 but why? Who among you can answer?
jksgu % lj A dh oSY;w 10 blfy, j[kuh Fkh D;ksafd A, B vkSj C ds ;ksx ds cjkcj gSA B gS 3 vkSj C gS 7
rks gks x;k 10-
Rohan : Sir, it‟ s because A equals to B+C. B is 3 and C is 7 so it makes 10.
Vhpj % fcYdqy lghA pyks Bhd gS] vc ,slk djrs gSa u;k pSIVj i<+us ds ctk; dy okys dks gh nksgjkrs gSaA
T+;knk csgrj le> vk tk,xkA
Teacher : Absolutely correct. All right, now what we do is, rather than going for the new
chapter, let‟ s revise the yesterday‟s one. It will develop better understanding.
cPps % Bhd gS ljA
Children : Ok sir.
jksgu % gSyks lksgu dSls gks \
Rohan : Hello Sohan, how are you?
lksgu % Bhd gw¡ vkSj vki crkvks \ dy fte vk;s Fks D;k \
Sohan : I am good. What about you? Had you come to gym yesterday?
jksgu % ugha] eq>s dgha fdlh dke ls ckgj tkuk iM+kA
Rohan : No in fact, I had to go somewhere for some work.
lksgu % Bhd gS] fQj pyks lkFk esa feydj fte djrs gSA vdsys esa fte Bhd rjg ls ugha gks ikrkA
Sohan : All right then, let‟ s exercise together. It is not effective alone.
jksgu % Bhd gSA oSls rqEgkjh ckWMh esa QdZ rks fn[k jgk gSA vkSj D;k [kk jgs gks vktdy \
Rohan : Not bad. By the way, I can see the improvement in your body. What are you
having/eating these days?
343
lksgu % 4 dsys ysrk gw¡ lqcg nw/k ds lkFkA v Ms Hkh py jgs gSaA [kkus dk /;ku j[krk gw¡A
Sohan : 4 bananas with milk in the morning. Eggs too. I am concerned about diet.
jksgu % pyks vc nwljk lsV ekjrs gSaA
Rohan : Let‟ s take another set now.
lksgu % de liksVZ nsuk A
Sohan : Support less.
jksgu % vkt ds fy, bruk cgqr gSA dy feyrs gSaA
Rohan : It‟s good enough for today. See you tomorrow.
lksgu % Bhd gS dy le; ij vk tkukA
Sohan : Ok then, come in time tomorrow.

Lkyhe % D;k dj jgk gS\
Saleem : What‟s up mate?
lyeku % dqN [kkl ugha A [kkuk cuk jgk gw¡A
Salman : Nothing special. Preparing food.
Lkyhe % ,d ckr crkA tc Hkh dkWy djks rw ;k rks [kkuk cuk jgk gksrk gS ;k fQj crZu ;k diM+s /kks jgk gksrk
gSA ckr D;k gS \
Saleem : Tell me one thing. Whenever I call, you are either preparing food, washing
utensils or washing clothes. What‟s the matter mate?
lyeku % vdsys vkneh ds lkFk ;s ijs‛kkuh rks gksrh gh gSA
Salman : A man alone obviously has such a problem.
Lkyhe % gk¡A ;s ckr rks lgh gSA tc eSa ?kj ls vyx jgrk FkkA rks eSa Hkh le; ugha fudky ikrk FkkA iwjk fnu
?kj ds dkeksa esa fudy tkrk FkkA
Saleem : You are right. When I lived separate, even I wasn‟ t able to have a spare time.
The whole day was busy into household work.
lyeku % dksbZ ckr ughaA le;≤ dh ckr gSA vkSj oSls Hkh dqN fnuksa dh ckr gSA mlds ckn rks eSa ?kj gh tk
jgk gw¡] fQj ets d:¡xkA
Salman : Not to worry. It‟s just a matter time. And anyways, it is a matter of only a few
days. Then I am going my hometown, I would enjoy.
Lkyhe % esjs fcuk et+s] ikWflcy gh ugha gSA ogk¡ ij dksbZ [kkl nksLr gS esjh rjg tks rq>s g¡lk;sA
Saleem : Enjoy without me is impossible. Is there any such friend as I am, who makes
you enjoy?
lyeku % gS rks ughaA ij ?kjokyksa ds lkFk Vkbe ikl gks tkrk gSA cgu dk NksVk cPpk Hkh rks gSA mlds lkFk
[ksyrk gw¡ rks le; dk irk gh ugha pyrkA
Salman : Not really but time is killed with family members. My sister‟s little baby is
there too. I play with her/him, time just flies.
Lkyhe % rw ?kj pyk tk;sxk rks eSa vdsyk gks tk ¡xkA rsjh ;kn cgqr vk;sxh nksLrA rq>ls feyus vk;k d:¡xk
dHkh&dHkh] tc Hkh Vkbe feysxkA
Saleem : You‟ ll go home, I‟ll be alone. I will miss you a lot friend. I‟ ll come to see you
sometimes, whenever I‟ll get time.
lyeku % eSa Hkh dHkh&dHkh vk tk ¡xkA
Salman : Even, I‟ ll visit sometimes.
Lkyhe % py Bhd gSA [kkuk cu x;k\
Saleem : Leave it. Is the food prepared now?
lyeku % cu gh x;k clA
Salman : Almost done.
Lkyhe % [kkus ds ckn Qksu djukA Bhd gSA ck;A
Saleem : Call me after having food, ok? all right then. Bye.
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jktw % ueLrs lkgc thA

Raju : Namaste, Sahab ji.
fe0 xks;y % ueLrs jktwA dkj lkQ dj yh \
Mr. Goyal : Namaste, Raju. Have you cleaned the car?
jktw % lkgc thA dkj rks lkQ dj nhA ij ,d ckr gS tks eq>s ijs‛kku dj jgh gSA esjh eEeh dh rch;r cgqr
[kjkc gSA mUgsa isV esa jkst+ nnZ gks tkrk gSA rhu MkWDVjksa dks fn[kk pqds gSA lcus nokb;k¡ Hkh nh ij dksbZ
Qk;nk ugha gqvkA eSa mUgsa gkWfLiVy ys ds x;k FkkA oks dgrs gSa fd vkWijs‛ku gksxkA vkWijs‛ku dk [kPkkZ
djhc 50000 gSA lkgc th] esjh le> esa ugha vk jgk gS fd eSa D;k d#¡ A esjs ikl eqf‛dy ls 30000 gh
gks ik;s gSaA esjs ikik Hkh ft+Unk ugha gSaA ojuk oks dqN enn dj nsrsA
Raju : Sahab ji. I have cleaned the car. But there is something that is bothering me.
Actually, my mom is too ill. She gets stomachache every day. I have consulted
three doctors. All recommended medicines but of no avail/use. I had taken her to
hospital. They say, it needs to be operated. It would cost around Rs. 50000.
Sahab ji, I can‟ t understand what to do. I could only manage 30000. My father is
no more either otherwise he would have helped a bit.
fe0 xks;y % jktw] rqe fpUrk er djksA ,slk djks] 20000 eSa ns nsrk gw¡A pyks 25000 ys yksA igys eEeh dk bykt+
djkvksA tc dHkh rqe nsus dh gkyr esa gksxs rks ns nsukA dksbZ tYnh ughaA vxj vkSj t+:jr iM+s rks
csf>>d ek¡x ysukA rqe esjs csVs dh mez ds gksA lc Bhd gks tk,xkA
Mr. Goyal : Raju, you don‟ t worry. Do one thing, I give you 20000. Rather take 25000. First,
get your mom cured. Whenever you will be in a position to return, it‟ s fine, not
to hurry. If you need more, don‟ t hesitation. You are my son‟ s age. Everything is
going to be alright.
jktw % eS vkidk vglku dHkh ughs Hkwyw¡xkA
Raju : I‟ ll remain indebted to you. / I‟ ll never forget your help.
fe0 xks;y % dgus dh t:jr ughaA pyks NksM+ks] pyks esjs lkFkA , Vh ,e ls vHkh fudky ysrk gw¡A
Mr. Goyal : Mention not. Anyways, come with me. I withdraw from ATM right away.

jksgu % ikik] eEeh dgk¡ gS \
Rohan : Dad, where is mom?
ikik % csVs] eEeh ‚kk;n fdpu esa gSA
Dad : I think she is in kitchen.
jksgu % ij] eEeh ogk¡ ugha fn[k jgh gSaA eSaus gj txg ns[kk] eEeh dgha ugha gSaA
Rohan : But I can‟ t see mom there. I have seen everywhere, she is nowhere.
Ikkik % vjs eq>s /;ku vk x;k] eEeh us dgk Fkk fd oks ‚kk;n ekdsZV tk;sxhA ‚kk;n oks pyh xbZ gksxhA oSls Qksu
djds ns[kks] jksguA
Dad : Oh, I remember, she had told me that she would go to market. She might have
left. Call her up.
jksgu % ikik vkidk eksckbZy dgk¡ gSA fey ugha jgkA
Rohan : Dad, where is your mobile. I can‟ t find it.
ikik % lhek] vki eksckby ij xse [ksy jgs Fks u \ dgk¡ gS \
Dad : Seema, you were playing game on mobile, weren‟t you? Where is it?
lhek % eSaus ;gha ij rks j[kk FkkA
Seema : I had kept it here only.
jksgu % ij ;gk¡ rks gS ughaA
Rohan : But it‟ s not here.
lhek % ‚kk;n eaSus fdpu esa j[kk FkkA ns[kus nksA
Seema : Probably I had put it there in the kitchen. Let me check.
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jksgu % gk¡ ;gha gSA
Rohan : yeah, it‟ s here.
ikik % pyks Qksu dj yksA
Dad : Now you call.
jksgu % gSyks eEeh] eEeh vki ekdsZV ds fy, fudy x;s\
Rohan : Hello mommy/mom/mummy, have you left for market?
eEeh % ugha csVk] eSa rks iM+ksl esa cSBh gw¡A vkaVh vius csVs ds tUefnu dh rS;kjh dj jgh gSaA tUefnu vkt ‚kke
dks euk;k tk;sxkA FkksM+k enn dj jgh gw¡A dksbZ [kkl ckr\s
Mummy : No honey, I am at the neighbor‟ s home. Aunty is preparing for her son‟ s
birthday. It is to be celebrated in the evening today. I am helping her. Any
problem?
jksgu % gk¡ oks eq>s ?kM+h ugha fey jgh FkhA
Rohan : Actually, I could not find the watch.
eEeh % rfd;s ds uhps gSA ;kn ugha dy lhek tc NsM+ jgh Fkh rks eSaus fNik nh FkhA
Mummy : Underneath the pillow. Don‟ t you remember, yesterday when Seema was
playing with it, I had hidden.
jksgu % gk¡ ;kn vk x;kA vPNk eEeh] j[k jgk gw¡A
Rohan : Oh yes. I remember now. Ok mom, I hang up.
eEeh % jksgu csVk] ikik dks dgks] ik¡p feuV esa vk jgh gw¡A fQj czsdQkLV djrs gSaA
Mummy : Rohan, tell the Dad, I am coming in 5 minutes. We‟ ll have b‟fast then.
jksgu % Bhd gS eEehA ck;A ikik eEeh 5 feuV esa vk jgh gSA cxy esa vkaVh ds lkFk gSA
Rohan : Ok mom. Bye. Dad, Mom is coming in 5 minutes. She is with neighbor aunty.
ikik % Bhd gSA cgqr cf<+;kA
Dad : Ok. That‟ s fine.

cgu % HkS;k esjs] jk[kh ds ca/ku dks fuHkkukA ¼xkrs gq,½
Sister : Bhaiya mere, Rakhi ke bandhan ko nibhana. (sings)
HkS;k % et+kd er djA QVkQV jk[kh ck¡/k nsA
Brother : Don‟ t make fun. Hurry up and tie the Rakhi.
cgu % HkS;k] esjs fy, vkids ikl dHkh le; jgrk gS \ ges‛kk tYnh esa jgrs gksA
Sister : Bhaiya, do you ever have time for me. You are always in a hurry.
HkS;k % cPps] vkt esa ;gha ?kj ij gw¡A rw jk[kh rks ck¡/k] fQj ns[k esjk ljizkbt+A
Brother : Sweetheart, I am very much here at home today. You tie and see the surprise.
cgu % yxrk gS vkt dqN T+;knk iSls feyus okys gSaA
Sister : Looks as I am going to get good amount of money today.
HkS;k % oDr dk bUrt+kj rks djA
Brother : Well, just wait for the right time honey.
cgu % ;s yhft, esjs I;kjs HkS;kA ck¡/k nh jk[khA vkSj vc vki [kkb, ;s feBkbZ tks eSaus I;kj ls vkids fy,
cukbZ gSA
Sister : Here it is, my dear brother. It‟s done. Now you eat the sweets that I‟ve prepared
for you with love.
HkS;k % ;s rwus [kqn cukbZ gSA fo‛okl ugha gks jgkA
Brother : You made it yourself, hard to believe.
cgu % eryc] vkidks esjh dkfcfy;r is ‚kd gSA
Sister : That means you doubt on my abilities.
HkS;k % et+s ys jgk gw¡A
Brother : I am just kidding honey.
cgu % vki ges‛kk esjk fny rksM+ nsrs gksA
Sister : You always hurt me bro.
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HkS;k % vPNk esjh cgu] ;s ys rsjk ljizkbt+ fx¶VA
Brother : I am sorry sweet heart, here is your surprise gift.
cgu % ;s D;k gS \
Sister : What‟s this?
HkS;k % [kksy ds rks ns[kA
Brother : Open and see.
cgu % HkS;k] ;s rks ,siy dk eksckby gSA fdrus dk gS HkS;k \ ;s rks cgqr eagxk gksxkA
Sister : Bhaiya, this is Apple‟ s mobile. How much for? It must be expensive.
HkS;k % esjh cgu ds lkeus esjs fy, dksbZ pht+ eagxh ughaA ;s eagxh gS ij rw vueksy gSA
Brother : Nothing is expensive for me than you are. It‟s costly but you are precious.
cgu % FkSaD;w HkS;kA vki nqfu;k ds lcls vPNs HkkbZ gksA oSls HkS;k] crkvks u fdrus dk gS \
Sister : Thank you so much bhaiya. You are the greatest brother in the world. By the
way, how much did it cost you?
HkS;k % ;s 48000 :0 dk gSA
Brother : It‟s for Rs. 48000. / It cost me 48k.
cgu % HkS;k] bruk eagxkA ij HkS;k] blls csgrj dqN ugha gks ldrkA
Sister : My god, so costly! But Bhaiya, it‟ s amazing.
HkS;k % esjs fy, rq>ls csgrj dqN ughaA
Brother : For me, nothing matters more than you.
cgu % HkS;k] eSa vkils cgqr I;kj djrh gw¡A
Sister : Bhaiya, I love you so much.
HkS;k % eSa HkhA ,d ckr vkSj] vkt fMuj ds fy, ckgj tk;saxsA rw viuk euilUn [kkuk [kkus okyh gSA eEeh ge
lc djhc 8 cts fudysaxsA ikik dks Hkh euk ysuk tYnh vkus ds fy,A
Brother : I love you too honey. One more thing, tonight we‟ ll have dinner outside. You are
going to have your favourite food today. Mom, we all will leave at about 8.
Convince dad as well to come early.
eEeh % ;s eq> ij NksM+ nksA ikik ogh djsaxs tks vkidh eEeh pkgsaxhA
Mummy : Leave it on me. Dad is going to follow what your mom says.

‚kkfUr % eEeh us ml fnu rqEgsa dqN fn;k Fkk gS u \
Shanti : Mom had given you something that day, hadn‟ t she?
:fp % ugha] mUgksaus fn;k ugha Fkk cfYd nsus okyh FkhA oks rks eSaus gh euk dj fn;k FkkA
Ruchi : Not really, she was giving me in fact but I had refused to take.
‚kkfUr % D;k ns jgh Fkha og \
Shanti : What was that?
:fp % gqvk ;s fd mUgksaus esjs HkS;k ls dqN fdrkcsa e¡xok;h FkhaA HkS;k us mUgsa mu fdrkcksa dh dher crkbZ FkhA oks
mlh ds iSls ns jgh FkhA eSaus euk blfy, fd;k D;ksafd HkS;k dks vpkud cSaxyksj tkuk iM+kA muds ,d
nksLr dh rfc;r cgqr [kjkc gSA ftldh otg ls oks fdrkcsa ugha yk ik;sA vkSj ;s tkurs gq, fd oks rc
rd fdrkcsa ugha yk ldrs] tc rd okil u vk tk;sa vkSj ;s Hkh irk ugha fd oks dc rd vk;saxs] eSaus iSls
ysus ls euk dj fn;kA
Ruchi : In fact, she had asked my brother to bring a few books. Bhaiya had told her
about the total cost. She was giving me money for it but I denied because
Bhaiya had to suddenly leave for Banglore. One of his friends is pretty ill due to
which he couldn‟ t bring the books. And knowing that he can‟ t buy the books
unless he returns, moreover it is not confirmed when he would return, I just
didn‟ t take the money.
‚kkfUr % rqEgkjs HkS;k tkWc ugha djrs D;k \
Shanti : Doesn‟ t your brother work?
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:fp % vjs] mudk viuk xkjesUV~l dk fct+usl gSA muds uhps djhc 20 yksx dke djrs gSaA ,d eSustj Hkh gS
tks muds u gksus ij lkjk dke ns[krk gSA blfy, dksbZ [kkl QdZ ugha iM+rkA tc mudh ‚kknh gqbZ Fkh
rks oks djhc ,d eghus gekjs nsgjknwu okys QkeZ gk l esa jgdj vk;s FksA
Ruchi : Well, he has his own business of Garments. There are about 20 people working
under him. There is a manager too who supervises everything in his absence.
So, it doesn‟ t matter much. When he had got married, He had gone to our
Dehradun‟ s farm house and stayed there for about a month.
‚kkfUr % mudk lgh gSA ets gSA dk‛k fd esjk Hkh ,slk gh dqN dke gksrk] rks tkWc djus dh t+:jr gh u gksrhA
Shanti : His is good. He must be enjoying himself. I wish if I had this sort of business
too, there wouldn‟ t have been a need of job.
:fp % ij fctusl esa Hkh dbZ ijs‛kkfu;k¡ gksrh gSA
Ruchi : But there is tension in business too.
‚kkfUr % gk¡ irk gSA pyks NksM+ks vkWfQl tkuk gSA eSa fudyrh gw¡A ck;A
Shanti : I know. Anyways, I have to go to office. I leave now. Bye.
izksQslj % jkgqy] eq>s rqels dqN t+#jh ckr djuh gSA ;wfuoflZVh dh bl lky dh IysLesUV ds ckjs esa ge lksp jgs
FksA eq>s nq[k gS fd rqEgkjh rjQ ls vHkh rd dqN Hkh ikWftfVo fjtVZ ugha fey ik;k gSA eqn~nk ;s gS fd
rqEgkjh IysLesUV dgk¡ dh tk, \
Professor : Rahul, I have to talk something important with you. We were thinking about
the university‟s this year‟s placement. I am sorry that there are no as such
positive results coming from your end. The concern is your placement?
jkgqy % lj esjh igyh ilUn gS ,siy budkWjiksjs‛kuA blds vykok eSa fdlh dEiuh ds ckjs esa ugha lksp jgkA
Rahul : Sir, my first choice is Apple Inc. I am not even thinking about any other.
izksQslj % ij jkgqy] IysLesUV ds fy, dEifu;k¡ vxys eghus gh vk jgh gSaA vkidh fjlpZ vHkh rd dksbZ fu"d"kZ ugha
fudky ik;h gSA
Professor : But Rahul, companies are coming next month and your research has not
concluded anything as yet.
jkgqy % lj eSa iwjh esgur dj jgk gw¡A eq>s mEehn gS fd esjk fjlpZ tYn gh eq>s dqN u dqN fjtVZ nsxkA
Rahul : Sir, I am trying the best. I am optimistic about having something soon.
izksQslj % ij jkgqy] ;s dkQh ugha gSA
Professor : But Rahul, it‟ s not good enough.
jkgqy % gj cM+h miyfC/k oDr ysrh gSA
Rahul : An achievement needs time.
izksQslj % eq>s yxrk gS fd rqEgsa nksckjk lkspuk gksxkA gks ldrk gS] rqEgkjh mEehn bl fjlpZ ls O;ogkfjd u gksA
Professor : I guess you‟ ll have to re-think. Maybe, your optimism is not practical.
jkgqy % lj] tc ,fMlu us cYc ds ckjs esa lkspk gksxk rks D;k mlds le; ds yksxks us mldh dkfcfy;r ij
‚kd ugha fd;k gksxkA lQyrk dk eryc ;s rks ugha fd dHkh vlQyrk u feysA
Rahul : Sir, when Adison thought about the bulb, wouldn‟ t his contemporaries have
doubted his abilities. Success doesn‟ t mean the absence of failure.
izksQslj % jkgqy] eq>s rqe ij fo‛okl gS ij---------
Professor : Rahul, I believe in your abilities but…..
jkgqy % lj] vki fpUrk u djsaA eSa dksbZ dlj ugha NksMw¡xkA
Rahul : Sir, don‟ t worry. I‟ ll leave no stone unturned.

eqlkfQj 1 % ;s lhV [kkyh gS D;k \
Passenger 1 : Is this seat vacant?
eqlkfQj 2 % gk¡ th] [kkyh gSA
Passenger 2 : Yes, it is.
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eqlkfQj 1 % [kM+s&2 Fkd x;k FkkA pyks] lhV fey x;hA
Passenger 1 : I was tired of standing. Finally, got the seat.
eqlkfQj 2 % lhV feyuk bl #V dh cl esa FkksM+k eqf‛dy gksrk gSA yEck #V gS vkSj nwljh ckr] bl cl dh
lsok;sa Hkh de gSaA
Passenger 2 : Getting a seat is a bit difficult in this route. The route is long and
another thing is that bus service in this route is not frequent.
eqlkfQj 1 % lgh esaA eSa fiNys 3 eghus ls bl cl esa tk jgk gw¡ vkSj tgk¡ rd eq>s ;kn gS ‚kk;n 10&12 ckj
gh eq>s lhV feyh gksxhA eSa bldh vxyh cl esa blfy, ugha tk ldrk D;ksafd oks ,d ?kaVs ckn
fudyrh gSA eSa vkWfQl ds fy, ysV gks tk ¡xkA
Passenger 1 : True. I‟ve been travelling by this bus for last 3 months and as far as I
remember, I think only 10-12 times I would have got the seat. I can‟ t go
by next bus because that departs after an hour. I‟ ll get late for office.
eqlkfQj 2 % ;gh esjs lkFk Hkh gSA eSa rks ;s lksp jgk gw¡ fd vkWfQl ds vkl ikl gh dgha ?kj ys yw¡A le; dh
cpr Hkh gksxh vkSj jkst+&2 dh bl ijs‛kkuh ls NqVdkjk Hkh fey tk,xkA
Passenger 2 : Same with me. I am rather thinking to purchase a house somewhere
near my office. It would not only save time but also get me rid of this
troublesome of commutation.
eqlkfQj 1 % ;gh ckr esjh choh Hkh dg jgh Fkh ij esjs lkFk fnDdr ;s gS fd vkWfQl ds vklikl ?kj ysuk
dksbZ vklku ugha gSA iSls dh FkksM+k fnDdr gSA [kSj] 2 lky ds vUnj ys gh yw¡xkA
Passenger 1 : The same thing even my wife was telling me but it is not that easy.
There is a bit trouble of money. I must purchase in 2 years.
eqlkfQj 2 % mEehn is nqfu;k dk;e gSA esjk LVSUM rks vk x;kA fQj feysaxsA
Passenger 2 : Hope for the best. Here comes my stand. See you again.
eqlkfQj 1 % vPNk thA
Passenger 1 : Alright then.
Conversation – 16 ¼okrkZyki – 16½

Qksu ctrk gSA jkgqy Qksu mBkrk gSA (Phone rings. Rahul picks up the phone.)
jkgqy % gSyksA
Rahul : Hello?
jkds‛k % D;k eSa jkgqy ls ckr dj ldrk gw¡ \
Rakesh : Could I speak with Rahul?
jkgqy % cksy jgk gw¡A dkSu cksy jgk gS \
Rahul : speaking. Who is this? / Who is calling?
jkds‛k % vUnkt+k yxkA vkokt+ igpku \
Rakesh : Guess. Recognize the voice.
jkgqy % HkkbZ] crkvks dkSu gS \ eS dqN dke dj jgk gw¡A FkksM+k O;Lr gw¡A
Rahul : Bro, Tell me who this is? I am working and a bit busy.
jkds‛k % gn gks xbZA igpku Hkh ugha ik jgkA
Rakesh : Not fair. Can‟ t you recognize?
Jkgqy % dkSu] fodkl \
Rahul : Is it Vikas?
jkds‛k % fodkl ughaA ;kn gS xys feyuk vkSj jksukA
Rakesh : Not Vikas. You remember, hug and cry.
jkgqy % vcs jkds‛kA
Rahul : Oh my god, Rakesh?
jkds‛k % gk¡ th ljdkjA
Rakesh : Yes sir.
jkgqy % dgk¡ gS rw \ ;s rsjk uEcj gS \
Rahul : Where are you mate? Is it your number?
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jkds‛k % gk¡ esjk gh gSA
Rakesh : Yep, it‟ s mine.
jkgqy % rw dgk¡ pyk x;k Fkk \ eSaus rq>s gj txg <¡w<k] rsjk Qksu Hkh cUn FkkA eSaus eSlst Hkh fd;s ij rwus ,d Hkh
fjIyk; ugha fd;kA
Rahul : Where were you gone? I searched you everywhere, even your phone was
switched off. I even messaged but you didn‟ t even bother to reply once.
jkds‛k % ckr gh dqN ijs‛kkuh dh gks x;h FkhA
Rakesh : I was in trouble.
jkgqy % ,d ckr crkA rsjh gj ijs‛kkuh dks eaSus viuk le>kA rw eq>s dgrkA vxj eSa dqN u Hkh dj ikrk rks Hkh
de ls de rsjk lkFk rks nsrkA
Rahul : Tell me one thing. I always stood by you in difficult times. You must have told
me. I could‟ve atleast helped you.
jkds‛k % tkurk gw¡ nksLr] rw cgqr ukjkt gSA ij eSa viuh ijs‛kkuh esa rq>s Hkh ?klhVuk ugha pkgrk FkkA
Rakesh : I know mate, you are not happy with it. But I didn‟ t want to drag you in it.
Customer : Good morning.

xzkgd % ueLrsA
Banker : Very good morning sir. How can I help you?
cSad dehZ % ueLrs ljA eSa vkidh D;k enn dj ldrk g¡w\
Customer : Sir, I have to deposit some money into my loan account but first of all, I want to
know the outstanding balance in my account.
xzkgd % lj] eq÷ks vius yksu [kkrs esa dqN iSls Mkyus gSa ysfdu igys vius [kkrs dh cdk;k jkf‛k ds ckjs esa tkuuk
pkgrk gw¡A
Banker : It‟s only Rs. 82563/-
cSad dehZ % dsoy 82563/- #A
Customer : How come? Sir I had deposited 500/- last month.
xzkgd % dSls! lj eSaus fiNys eghus blesa 500 # tek fd;s FksA
Banker : Sir, let me check your account? May I have your account number please?
cSad dehZ % lj] eq÷ks vkidk [kkrk pSd dj ysus nhft,\ dì;k viuk [kkrk la[;k crkb,\
Customer : Sure, it‟ s 50124562136.
xzkgd % fcYdqy] 50124562136.
Banker : Thank you. Let me check.
cSad dehZ % /kU;oknA ns[k jgk gw¡A
Customer : Sir, can you provide me account statement too?
xzkgd % lj] D;k vki eq÷ks [kkrs dk LVsVesaV ns ldrs gSa\
Banker : Sure. Well I can see that you deposited Rs. 500/- last month, then your
outstanding remained 81961/- but on 31st of last month, interest of Rs. 602/-
debited from your account, hence your present outstanding is Rs. 82563/-.
cSad dehZ % D;ksa ughaA lj eSa ns[k jgk gw¡ fd vkius fiNys eghus blesa 500 # tek fd;s Fks] mlds ckn vkidk
cdk;k 81961 # gks x;k Fkk ysfdu fiNys eghus dh 31 rkjh[k dks 602 # C;kt yxk blhfy, vkidk
cdk;k bl oDr 82563 # gSA
Customer : Oh yes, I didn‟ t think about the interest.
xzkgd % vjs gk¡A eSaus C;kt ds ckjs esa ugha lkspkA
Banker : It‟s ok sir. We are sitting here to clarify your doubts.
cSad dehZ % dksbZ ugha ljA ge ;gk¡ vkids MkmV~l dks nwj djus ds fy, gh cSBs gSaA
Customer : Thanks a lot. Kindly provide me the statement too.
xzkgd % cgqr&2 /kU;oknA dì;k eq÷ks LVsVesaV Hkh ns nhft,A
Banker : Here it is.
cSad dehZ % ;s yhft, ljA
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Customer : Thank you.
xzkgd % /kU;oknA
Banker : By the way, sir I saw you in Haldwani on Sunday.
cSad dehZ % oSls lj eSaus vkidks laMs ds fnu gY}kuh esa ns[kk FkkA
Customer : I went there for some work. Where did you see?
xzkgd % eSa dqN dke ls ogk¡ x;k FkkA vkius dgk¡ ns[kk \
Banker : Near JK showroom.
cSad dehZ % ts ds ‚kks#e ds iklA
Customer : Yeah, I was there.
xzkgd % gk¡] eSa ogk¡ FkkA
Banker : Anything else can I help you with?
cSad dehZ % dqN vkSj gSYi dh t+#jr gks rks crkb, lj\
Customer : That‟s all. Thank you.
xzkgd % ugha clA FkSaD;wA
Banker : Thank you sir.
cSad dehZ % FkSaD;w ljA
cl dUMDVj % fnYyh tkus okys ;k=h dÌk;k ;gk¡ vkbZ,A¼fpYykrs gq,½

Bus Conductor : Passengers going to Delhi come here. (Shouting)
veu % HkkbZ lkgc ;s cl fnYyh tk jgh gS D;k \
Aman : Bhai sahib, is this bus going to Delhi?
cl dUMDVj % gk¡ ;s cl fnYyh tk jgh gSA
Bus Conductor : Yes it is.
veu % ;gk¡ ls fdrus cts pysxh\
Aman : When will it depart?
cl dUMDVj % cl FkksM+h gh nsj esa pyus okyh gSA
Bus Conductor : it‟ s leaving in a moment.
veu % vPNkA eq>s xkft+;kckn tkuk gSA
Aman : I see. I‟ ve to go Ghaziabad.
cl dUMDV % gk¡ ;s cl xkft+;kckn gksrs gq, fnYyh tk,xhA
Bus Conductor : It‟ll go to Delhi via Ghaziabad.
veu % fdruk fdjk;k gS \
Aman : How much is the fare?
cl dUMDVj % ,d vkneh dk 250 fdjk;k gS] vki fdrus yksx gks \
Bus Conductor : Rs. 250 per head, how many are you?
veu % eSa vdsyk gh gw¡A
Aman : I am only one.
cl dUMDVj % vPNk Bhd gSA vki fVdV ys yhft,A
Bus Conductor : Ok. Buy the ticket.
veu % HkkbZ lkgc ;gk¡ ls fnYyh rd dk 250 fdjk;k gS vkSj eq>s xkft+;kckn gh tkuk gSA
Aman : Bhai sahab, fare to Delhi is Rs. 250 but I‟ve to only go up to Ghaziabad.
cl dUMDVj % fnYyh tkvks ;k xkft+;kckn tkvks] fdjk;k bruk gh yxsxkA
Bus Conductor : Whether you go Delhi or Ghaziabad, fare is the same.
veu % dqN le÷k ugha vkbZ ckr!
Aman : I didn‟ t understand the logic!
cl dUMDVj % cgl er dfj,A
Bus Conductor : Don‟ t argue.
veu % Bhd gS fQj ;s yks iSls] fVdV ns nksA
Aman : Fine, Here is the money, give me a ticket.
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cl dUMDVj % ;s yhft,A
Bus Conductor : Here it is.
veu % HkkbZ lkgc lhV rks gS u \
Aman : Seat is available?
cl dUMDVj % gk¡ lhV [kkyh gSA vki 34 u0 lhV ij cSB tkb,A
Bus Conductor : Yes it is. Go to seat no. 34.
veu % Bhd gSA
Aman : Alright.
Manager is talking to Pooja, his employee. ¼eSustj viuh deZpkjh iwtk ls ckr dj jgsa gSaA½
Manager : Pooja, I have been noticing for last few days, you are not taking job seriously.
eSustj % iwtk] fiNys dqN fnuksa ls ns[k jgk gw¡ fd rqe viuh tkWc dks xaHkhjrk ls ugha ys jgh gksA
Pooja : No sir, it‟ s nothing like that. In fact sir, I am pretty disturbed these days. I‟ ve
certain family issues.
iwtk % ugha lj] ,slk ugha gSA okLro esa] bu fnuksa eSa dkQh ijs‛kku gw¡A dqN ikfjokfjd leL;k,a gSaA
Manager : Pooja, you have always been a star performer. I want you to perform your best
irrespective of the personal issues.
eSustj % iwtk] rqe ges‛kk ls ,d LVkj ijQkeZj jgh gksA Hkys gh futh leL;k,a gksa ij eSa pkgrk gw¡ fd rqe viuh
csgrjhu ijQkesZal nksA
Pooja : Sir, I promise to continue my good work. But sir, I have a request…
iwtk % lj] eSa vPNk dke djrs jgus dk oknk djrh gw¡ ij vkils ,d xqt+kfj‛k gS----
Manager : Tell me.
eSustj % crkvksA
Pooja : sir, I was thinking if I could get few days leave.
iwtk % lj] eSa lksp jgh Fkh vxj dqN fnuksa dh NqV~Vh fey tkrhA
Manager : How many days you need?
eSustj % fdrus fnuksa dh pkfg,\
Pooja : Sir, at least a week.
iwtk % lj] de ls de ,d g¶rs dhA
Manager : Though it is going to be difficult without you because Binita and Anjali are
already on leave, but I think you have a genuine reason. I will manage.
eSustj % gkyk¡fd rqEgkjs fcuk FkksM+k eqf‛dy gksxk D;ksafd fcfurk vkSj vatfy igys ls gh NqV~Vh is gSa ij eq÷ks yxrk
gS fd otg tk;t+ gSA eSa l¡Hkky yw¡xkA
Pooja : Sir, I‟ ll be very thankful to you.
iwtk % lj] eSa vkidh cgqr vkHkkjh jgw¡xhA
Manager : Pooja, Let me suggest you something. See, there are so many problems that we
face in life but we are always having certain responsibilities too. Responsibility
may be of any kind; personal or professional. We need to manage them together
without reflecting stress in one another.
eSustj % iwtk] eSa rqEgsa ,d jk; nsrk g¡wA ns[kks] ge ft+Unxh esa dbZ leL;kvksa ls tw÷krs gSa ysfdu gekjh dqN
ft+Eesnkfj;k¡ Hkh gSaA ftEesnkjh fdlh Hkh izdkj dh gks ldrh gS] ilZuy gks ;k izksQs‛kuyA gesa nksuksa rjg
dh leL;kvksa ls ,d lkFk fuiVuk gksrk gS fcuk ,d nwljs esa trk, gq,A
Pooja : I know.
iwtk % th ljA
Manager : I understand that our family issues do disturb our professional life. But
managing both simultaneously is an art.
eSustj % eSa le÷krk gw¡ fd gekjh QSfeyh izkWcyEl gekjh izksQS‛kuy ykbQ dks fMLVcZ t+#j djrh gSaA ysfdu nksuksa
dks ,d lkFk eSuSt djuk ,d dyk gSA
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Pooja : I agree sir. Your suggestions are always worthy.
iwtk % eSa vkils lger gw¡ ljA vkids lq÷kko ges‛kk lgh gksrs gSaA
Manager : This is nothing but my experience of 50 years.
eSustj % ;s dqN ugha cl esjk 50 lky dk vuqHko gSA
Pooja : Sir, are you 50 years old?
iwtk % lj] vki 50 lky ds gSa D;k\
Manager : I am rather 60.
eSustj % cfYd 60 dkA
Pooja : I can‟ t believe it sir. You don‟ t look like.
iwtk % ;dhu ugha gksrk ljA vki yxrs ugha gksA
Manager : But I am.
eSustj % ysfdu eSa gw¡A
Pooja : Anyways sir. Thank you so much once again.
iwtk % pfy, Bhd gS ljA ,d ckj fQj vkidk /kU;oknA
Manager : Go, sort out the issues and come back with same energy.
eSustj % tkvks] viuh ijs‛kkfu;ksa dks [kRe djks vkSj mlh tkZ ds lkFk okil vkvksA
Pooja : Sure sir. Thanks
iwtk % iDdk ljA /kU;oknA
nqdkunkj % vkb, eSMeA

Shopkeeper: Please come in madam.
:ch % HkS;k eq>s lwV ysuk FkkA fn[kkb, vPNk lk lwV] dksbZ u;s fMt+kbu esaA
Ruby : Bhaiya, I want to purchase a suit. Show me a good one, in some new design.
nqdkunkj % Bhd gS eSMeA vki cSfB, eSa vHkh fn[kkrk gw¡A
Shopkeeper: Ok madam. Please have a seat, I just show you.
:ch % Bhd gS HkS;kA
Ruby : Ok bhaiya.
nqdkunkj % eSMe crkbZ, fdl VkbZi dk lwV fn[kk ¡\ vkSj fdrus rd dk\
Shopkeeper: Madam, what type of suit you want? & of what range?
:ch % jsat fd dksbZ ckr ugha fdrus dk Hkh gks] ij vPNk gksuk pkfg,A
Ruby : Range is no bar but it has to be a good one.
nqdkunkj % csfQØ jfg,] dqN u;s o vPNs fMt+kbu esa fn[kkrk gw¡A ikVhZ ds fy, pkfg, D;k \
Shopkeeper: Not to worry then, I show you few new & good designs. You need it for party?
:ch % gk¡ HkS;k] esjs ekek dh yM+dh dh ‚kknh gSA
Ruby : Yes it is, actually my maternal uncle‟ s daughter is getting married.
nqdkunkj % ;s nsf[k,A vkSj ;s Hkh gS] blesa vkSj Hkh dyj gSaA
Shopkeeper: See this one & this as well, colors are many in these patterns.
:ch % HkS;k ;s okyk fdrus dk gS \
Ruby : How much is this for?
nqdkunkj % eSMe ;s vkidks iM+sxk 1500 esa] vxj blls FkksM+k de dk pkfg, rks vki oks okyk ys ldrh gSaA
Shopkeeper: Madam, it‟ ll cost you 1500, if you need a bit cheaper, you can go for that one.
:ch % ugha eq>s oks ugha pkfg,] ;s okyk vPNk gS] ij vki jsV T+;knk crk jgs gSaA dqN de gks ldrk gS D;k \
Ruby : Not that one, this one is better but rate is a bit higher. Can‟ t it be less a bit?
nqdkunkj % ugha eSMe de ugha gks ik,xk] eSaus vkidks igys gh fMLdkmUV ds lkFk jsV crk;k gSA
Shopkeeper: I‟ ve already given you discount.
:ch % vPNk] HkS;k oks okyk fn[kkuk] tks gjs okys ds ck;ha rjQ gSA
Ruby : Well, show me the one, to the left of the green one.
nqdkunkj % dkSu lk] ;s okyk \
Shopkeeper: Which one, is this you are talking about?
353
:ch % gk¡ gk¡ ogh] vkSj oks okyk Hkh fn[kkuk] mlh ds uhps tks gSA
Ruby : Yes it is. Also the one, just underneath.
nqdkunkj % ;s yks eSMe] vkSj ,d ;s Hkh ns[kks ;s cgqr vPNk gSA vkt dy ;s cgqr py jgk gSA [kkldj ‚kknh ikVhZ
ds fy,A
Shopkeeper: Here it is madam, & see this one too, it‟ s a nice suit. It‟s in fashion these days,
particularly for marriages and parties.
:ch % dkSu lk] ;s okykA ugha ugha HkS;k eq>s ,slk ugha pkfg,A dksbZ vkSj fn[kkvksA
Ruby : This? No bhaiya, I don‟ t need such. Show me something else?
nqdkunkj % vPNk rks fQj ;s ns[kks ;s tSlk vki <+w¡< jgh gSa] ;s fcydqy oSlk gh gSA Shopkeeper:
Alright then you see this type of, exactly the one you are searching.
:ch % gk¡ ;s csgrj gSA bls iSd dj nks vkSj jsV FkksM+k lgh yxkukA
Ruby : Yeah, this is better. Pack this one and please negotiate on price.
nqdkunkj % vki fpark er djks jsV fcydqy lgh yxk;k gSA
Shopkeeper: Don‟ t worry madam, rate is absolutely fine.
:ch % HkS;k fdruk ijlsaV fMLdkmaV gS \
Ruby : Bhaiya, how much is the discount on this.
nqdkunkj % blis 10 izlsaV fMLdkmaV gSA vkidks ;s dsoy 1100 dk iM+sxkA
Shopkeeper: It‟s for 10%. It‟ll cost you only 1100/-.
:ch % Bhd gS ;s yks HkS;k iSlsA
Ruby : Fine, here is the money.
nqdkunkj % FkSaD;w eSMe vxyh ckj Hkh lsok dk ekSdk nhft,xkA
Shopkeeper: Thank you madam, please visit again.
ikik % xqM ekWfuZax ik;yA

Father : Good morning payal.
ik;y % xqM ekWfuZax ikikA xqM ekWfuZax eEehA
Payal : Good morning dad. Good morning mom.
eEeh % xqM ekWfuZax esjh jktdqekjhA
Mummy : Good morning my princess.
ikik % jkgqy vc rd mBk ugha D;k \
Father : Didn‟ t Rahul get up?
eEeh % oks vHkh Hkh lks jgk gSA
Mummy : He is still sleeping.
ik;y % ikik oks jkst+ ysV mBrk gS] mls dqN D;ksa ugha dgrs vki \
Payal : Dad, he gets up late every day, why don‟t you say anything to him?
eEeh % csVk vkt jfookj gS] mls lksus nksA
Mummy : It‟s Sunday, let him sleep.
ik;y % vkt esjh Hkh NqV~Vh gS eSa rks tYnh mB x;h\
Payal : Even I am on off today, but I woke up early?
ikik % ik;y] csVk tkvks jkgqy dks mBk nksA cksyks ikik cqyk jgs gSaA
Father : Payal, you go and wake up Rahul. Tell him, Dad is calling.
ik;y % ugha ikik eSa ugha tk ¡xh] eq> ij xqLlk djsxk] eEeh dks cksfy, mls mBkus ds fy,A
Payal : No dad, I won‟ t go, he‟ ll get angry on me, Tell mom to wake him up.
ikik % MkfyZax rqe gh mBk nksA
Father : Darling, you do.
eEeh % jkgqy] csVk mBks lqcg gks x;h gSA
Mummy : Rahul, get up son, it‟ s morning now.
jkgqy % eEeh] vkSj lksus nks uk Iyht+A
Rahul : Mom, please let me sleep more.
354
eEeh % dkQh Vkbe gks x;k gSA ikik ds lkFk ikdZ ugha tkuk gS D;k \
Mummy : It‟s pretty late. Haven‟ t you to go to park?
Jkgqy % ugha eEeh] vkt ikdZ ugha tk ¡xk eu ugha dj jgk gS] vki eq>s lksus nks Iyht+A
Rahul : No mom, I won‟ t go today, not feeling like, please let me sleep.
eEeh % csVk vkidks ikik th cqyk jgs gSaA mBks ojuk ikik th xqLlk djsaxsA
Mummy : Rahul, Dad is calling you. Get up or else Dad will get angry.
jkgqy % Bhd gS eEeh vHkh mBrk gw¡ A
Rahul : Ok mom, I get up.
eEeh % xqM ckW;] eSa vHkh vkids fy, pk; ykrh gw¡A
Mummy : Good boy, I bring a cup of tea for you.
jkgqy % vksds eEehA
Rahul : Ok mom.

Aditya (An English Teacher) calls his one of the best students, Pavitra:
vkfnR; ¼,d baxfy‛k Vhpj½ ifo=k dks dkWy djrs gSa tks muds lcls vPNs fo/kkfFkZ;ksa esa ls ,d gS%
Pavitra : Hello.
ifo=k % gyksA
Aditya : Hello, Is this Pavitra?
vkfnR; % gyks] dkSu ifo=k\
Pavitra : Yeah. Who is this?
ifo=k % gk¡ th] vki dkSu\
Aditya : Pavitra, This is Aditya.
vkfnR; % ifo=k] eSa vkfnR;A
Pavitra : Who Aditya?
ifo=k % dkSu vkfnR;\
Aditya : Can‟ t you recognize my voice?
vkfnR; % esjh vkokt+ ugha igpku jgs vki\
Pavitra : Oh I am sorry sir. It‟s you.
ifo=k % vksg! lkWjh lj] vkiA
Aditya : Yeah, pavitra I am calling to inform you about special classroom training on
Sunday. I‟ ve informed almost all the students about the same. Kindly ensure
your presence on the day.
vkfnR; % gk¡a] ifo=k eSa vkidks ;s crkus ds fy, dkWy dj jgk gw¡ fd laMs dks ,d fo‛ks’k Dykl#e Vªsfusax gSA eSaus
yxHkx lHkh dks blds ckjs esa crk fn;k gSA vkidks Hkh t+#j vkuk gSA
Pavitra : Of course sir. I‟ ll be there. At what time, will the training start?
ifo=k % fcYdqy ljA eSa vk tk ¡xhA Vªsfuax fdrus cts ‚kq# gksxh lj\
Aditya : It‟s at 10 am. All are requested to be on time.
vkfnR; % 10 ctsA lHkh dks le; is vkuk gSA
Pavitra : Have you informed Arpana and Vivek also?
ifo=k % vkius viZuk vkSj foosd dks crk fn;k lj\
Aditya : No, I am about to call them up.
vkfnR; % ugha] eSa mUgsa dkWy djus okyk gw¡A
Pavitra : Sir, I am going to Arpana‟ s home in the evening. I‟ ll inform her about it.
ifo=k % lj] eSa ‚kke dks viZuk ds ?kj tk jgh gw¡A eSa Dykl ds ckjs esa mls crk nw¡xhA
Aditya : Alright. See you on Sunday then.
vkfnR; % Bhd gSA laMs dks feyrs gSaA
Pavitra : Ok sir. Bye.
ifo=k % vPNk ljA ck;A
355
Lkkxj dh rfc;r [kjkc gS blfy, oks MkWDVj ds ikl tkrk gS &

Sagar is unwell; hence he goes to see a Doctor –
Lkkxj % D;k eSa vUnj vk ldrk g¡w lj \
Sagar : May I come in sir?
MkWDVj % Iyht+A vkb, cSfB,A
Doctor : Please! Have a seat.
Lkkxj % ueLrs ljA
Sagar : Good morning sir.
MkWDVj % ueLrsA
Doctor : Very good morning.
Lkkxj % MkWDVj lkgc fiNys nks fnu ls esjh rfc;r Bhd ugha gSA
Sagar : Doctor, I‟ ve been unwell for last 2 days.
MkWDVj % ijs‛kkuh crkb, \
Doctor : Tell me the problem?
lkxj % FkksM+k cq[kkj gS vkSj vthc lh cspSuh gksrh gSA
Sagar : I‟ ve little fever and awkward anxiety sort of.
MkWDVj % dksbZ ckr ugha eSa vHkh pSd dj ysrk gw¡A
Doctor : Not to worry, let me check.
lkxj % Bhd gSA ¼?kcjk;s gq,½
Sagar : Ok Doctor. (Scared)
MkWDVj % ?kcjkus dh ckr ugha gS] vkidks FkksM+k det+ksjh gSA det+ksjh esa vDlj ,slk gksrk gSA cq[kkj Hkh gSA
Doctor : No need to worry, its little weakness. It‟ s quite obvious in weakness. You‟ ve
fever too.
lkxj % ij MkWDVj lkgc esjk [kkuk ihuk rks fcYdqy Bhd py jgk gSA
Sagar : But Doctor, I am eating well, that too in time.
MkWDVj % dHkh dHkh gks tkrk gSA dqN ekSle Hkh rks cny jgk gS u \ eSa dqN nokbZ;k¡ fy[k jgk gw¡] bUgsa jkr dks
xje ikuh ds lkFk [kkuk [kkus ds ckn ysuk gSA
Doctor : It happens sometimes. Climate is also changing, isn‟t it? I am writing a few
medicines, Take these after dinner with warm water.
Lkkxj % Bhd gS MkWDVj lkgcA
Sagar : Ok Doctor.
MkWDVj % fQygky rhu fnu dh nokbZ fy[kh gSA eSfMdy LVksj ls ys ysukA mlds ckn Hkh dksbZ fnDdr gks rks
vkb,sxkA
Doctor : For the time being, I wrote 3 days‟ medicine. If problem persists, come back for
checkup.
Lkkxj % Bhd gSA
Sagar : Ok Doctor.
Lkkxj % MkWDVj lkgc esjs isV esa Hkh FkksM+k nnZ lk gSA
Sagar : Doctor, I‟ ve got a bit stomachache as well.
MkWDVj % dc ls gks jgk gS \
Doctor : How long has it been?
lkxj % tc ls cq[kkj tSlk yx jgk gSA djhc 3 fnu gks x;s gSaA
Sagar : Since I‟ve been feeling feverish. It‟s been about 3 days.
MkWDVj % xeZ ikuh ihft, vkSj elkysnkj [kkus ls ijgst+ dhft,A
Doctor : Drink warm water and avoid spicy food.
lkxj % Bhd gS MkWDVj lkgc] /kU;oknA
Sagar : Ok Doctor. Thank you very much.
356
lyhe % gk; jfo dSlk gS \

Saleem : Hi Ravi, How are you mate?
jfo % gk; lyhe eSa Bhd gw¡ rw crk rsjs D;k gky gSa \
Ravi : Hey Saleem, I am fine, what about you?
lyhe % eSa Hkh Bhd gw¡A vkSj D;k gks jgk gS vkt dy \
Saleem : Fine. What‟ s going on these days?
jfo % dqN [kkl ughaA cl i<+kbZ rks iwjh gks xbZ gSA tkWc dh ryk‛k esa gw¡A vkSj rw crk\
Ravi :Nothing new. Study is over now. I am looking for a job. You tell?
lyhe % eSa rks vHkh tkWc dj jgk gw¡A ,d dEiuh gS ts ds ,y ih xzqiA eSa lsYl izfrfuf/k gw¡A
Saleem : I am working now. There is a company by the name JKLP Group. I am
working as a Sales Executive.
jfo % VPNK&2A rsjh dEiuh esa dksbZ tkWc oxSjg ugha gS D;k\ esjh Hkh yxk ns HkkbZA
Ravi : I see. Is there a vacancy in your company? Make me join too.
lyhe % gk¡] gS rks lghA ,d dke dj] eq÷ks viuk jsT+;wes ns ns] eSa vius ckWl ls ckr djrk g¡wA vHkh eq÷ks flQZ rhu
eghus gq, gSa ij ckWl ls vPNh ckrphr gSA
Saleem : Yes, why not. Do one thing, give me your resume, I‟ ll talk to my boss. It‟ s been
only 3 months there, but I‟ve got good speaking terms with my boss.
jfo % Bhd gSA dy rq÷ks jsT+;wes esy dj nsrk g¡wA iwjh dksf‛k‛k djukA cgqr t+#jr gS tkWc dhA
Ravi : Fine. I‟ll mail you resume tomorrow. Try your best. I am in a dire need.
lyhe % eq÷k ij NksM+ nsA ;s crk ?kj esa lc dSls gSa \ vady vkUVh \
Saleem : Leave it on me. Well, how is everyone at home? Uncle Aunty?
jfo % lc Bhd gSaA dHkh VkbZe fudky dj ?kj vkA vkt dy rks rw vkrk Hkh ugha gSA
Ravi : All are fine. Drop in sometime. You don‟ t turn up these days.
lyhe % gk¡A lp dg¡w rks vktdy fcydqy Hkh VkbZe ugha feyrkA ubZ tkWc] dke gh dke] ;gh py jgk gSA
Saleem :Yeah I know. Honestly speaking, I really don‟ t get time these days. Actually,
new job & work load, that‟ s it.
jfo % py Bhd gS eSa pyrk gw¡A dgha tkuk gSA fQj feyrs gSa A
Ravi : Well, I leave now. I got to go somewhere. See you again.
lyhe % py Bhd gSA feyrs gSa A
Saleem : Sure mate. See you soon.
foosd % ueLrs ljA

Vivek : Good morning sir.
vkfnR; lj % ueLrs foosd dSls gks \
Aditya sir : Good morning vivek, how are you?
foosd % Bhd gw¡ ljA lj ,d dke gSA
Vivek : I am fine sir. Sir, I‟ ve something to ask.
vkfnR; lj % gk¡ crkvks] D;k dke gS \
Aditya sir : Sure, tell me?
foosd % lj eSa dy ,d baVjO;w nsus tk jgk gw¡A FkksM+k ?kcjk jgk gw¡wA vkidh enn pkfg, ljA
Vivek : Sir, I am going for an interview tomorrow. I am little nervous. I need your help.
357
vkfnR; lj % vPNkA dkSu lh dEiuh esa baVjO;w nsus tk jgs gks vkSj fdl iksLV ds fy, \
Aditya sir : I see. Which company & for which post?
foosd % ,d dkWy lSUVj gS ,se ds dE;wfuds‛kuA esjk dke Qksu dkWYl ysuk gS vkSj dLVej ls vkMZj ysukA
Vivek : It‟s a call center by the name „MK Communication‟ . My job is to attend phone
calls and take customer‟ s orders.
vkfnR; lj % Bhd gS cSBks eSa crkrk gw¡ A lcls igyh ckr dqN iz‛u ns jgk g¡w] bUgsa eq¡g tqckuh jV ysuk D;ksafd ;s
vDlj baVjO;w esa iwNs tkrs gSaA
Aditya sir : okay have a seat, I let you know. Firstly, I am giving you few questions, which
are commonly asked in interviews. You need to just cram them.
foosd % Bhd gS ljA vPNk] ,d ckr crkb, lj] vxj eq÷kls iwNsa fd fdruh lSysjh pkfg, rks D;k dg¡wA
Vivek : Fine. Sir, kindly suggest me; if they ask me about salary expectations, what
should I answer?
vkfnR; lj % ;¡w rks nl gt+kj ls de osru esa rks xqt+kjk py ugha ldrk] ij vxj vkB gtkj rd Hkh ns nsa rks
‚kq#vkr esa cqjk ugha gSA
Aditya sir : Below Rs. 10000/- is not good enough though, but even if they give you 8, not
bad at the initial stage.
foosd % eSa mUgsa dg nw¡xk vkB gtkjA
Vivek : I‟ ll tell them 8.
vkfnR; lj % fcYdqy ughaA rqEgsa igys ugha dgukA D;k irk oks lksp jgs gksa T+;knk nsus dh vkSj rqe vkB dg nksA
igys mUgsa dgus nsukA
Aditya sir : Not at all. You‟ ve not to say first. They might be thinking to offer & you say 8.
Let them offer first.
foosd % vkidh ckr lgh gS ljA eSa /;ku n¡wxkA
Vivek : You are right sir. I‟ ll be careful.
vkfnR; lj % oSls foosd] eSaus dbZ dkWy lSUVjksa esa dke fd;k gSA esgur dh tkWc gSA
Aditya sir : Actually vivek, I‟ve worked with many call centers. It‟ s a hardworking job.
foosd % th ljA eSa viuh rjQ ls tku yxk n¡wxkA ckdh Hkxoku ds ij gSA vPNk vc pyw¡ ljA
Vivek : Yes sir. I‟ ll try my level best, rest on God. Ok sir, I leave now.
vkfnR; lj % vksds foosdA baVjO;w dh ‚kqHkdkeuk,¡A
Aditya sir : Ok vivek. Good luck for the interview.
foosd % FkSaD;w ljA
Vivek : Thank you sir.

lks‛ky lkbV ij vfHk’ksd vkSj vk;q’kh ds chp ckrphrA
vfHk’ksd % gk;
Abhishek : Hi
vk;q’kh % gk; dSls gks \
Ayushi :Hi how are you?
vfHk’ksd % eSa Bhd gw¡ vkSj vki \
Abhishek : I am fine and you?
vk;q’kh % eSa Hkh Bhd gw¡A
Ayushi : I am fine too. Thank you.
vfHk’ksd % FkSaD;w esjk ÝSUM fjDosLV ,sDlSIV djus ds fy,A
Abhishek : Thanks for accepting my friend request.
vk;q’kh % ;w vkj oSyde ij blesa FkSaD;w cksyus fd D;k ckr gS Qslcqd ij rks ÝSUM~l gh curs gSaA
Ayushi : You are welcome but no needs to say thanks, facebook is meant for making
friends, isn‟t it?
vfHk’ksd % gk¡ oks rks gSA vki dgk¡ ls gks \
Abhishek : Yeah you are right. Where are you from?
358
vk;q’kh % mÙkjk[k M ls vkSj vki \
Ayushi : I am from Uttarakhand and you?
vfHk’ksd % eSa fnYyh ls gw¡ A vki mÙkjk[k M fdl txg ls gks \
Abhishek : I am from Delhi. Where in Uttarakhand?
vk;q’kh % dksV}kj lsA
Ayushi : From Kotdwara.
vfHk’ksd % eSa rks dksV}kj dbZ ckj tk pqdk gw¡A esjh eEeh dksV}kj dh gh rks gSaA
Abhishek : I‟ ve been in Kotdwara many a time. My mom is from there.
vk;q’kh % vki dHkh nsgjknwu x;s gSaA
Ayushi : Have you even been in Dehradun?
vfHk’ksd % dbZ ckjA esjs ,d rk th ogha jgrs gSaA eksgCcsokyk esaA
Abhishek : Many times. One of my uncles live there in Mohobewala.
vk;q’kh % ,d feuV ;s uke rks dqN tkuk igpkuk yx jgk gSA vjs gk¡ esjh lgsyh Lusgk Hkh rks ogha jgrh gSA
Ayushi : Just a second, this name seems to be heard before. Oh yes, my friend Sneha
also lives in there.
vfHk’ksd % dgha Lusgk dh cgu dk uke lafprk rks ughaA
Abhishek : What is the name of Sneha‟ s sister. Is it Sanchita?
vk;q’kh % gk¡] lafprk gh gSA ij rqEgsa dSls irk \
Ayushi : Yeah, it is Sanchita.
vfHk’ksd % eSa vius rk th ds ?kj vDlj tkrk jgrk gw¡A muds iM+ksl esa gh jgrh gS LusgkA D;k latksx gSA
Abhishek : I often visit my tauji‟s home. Sneha lives in neighborhood. What a coincidence!
vk;q’kh % gks ugha ldrkA mlds iM+ksl esa rks fcfurk o vatfy nhnh jgrh gSaA muds ikik vkehZ ls fjVk;MZ gSaA
Ayushi : Not possible. There are two sisters, live in her neighborhood; Binita di & Anjali
di. Their father is retired from Indian Army.
vfHk’ksd % oks esjs rk th gSaA
Abhishek : He is my Tauji.
vk;q’kh % eq÷ks csodwQ cukus dh t+#jr ugha gSA
Ayushi : Don‟ t befool me.
vfHk’ksd % eSa csodwQ ugha cuk jgkA oks esjs rk th gh gSaA vkSj oks nksuksa esjh lxh nhnh;k¡ gSaA
Abhishek : I am not kidding. He is really my Tauji and both of them are my real sisters.
vk;q’kh % eSa dSls eku y¡w \ vPNk ;s crkvks] nksuksa fdruh cM+h gSa vkSj D;k djrh gSa \
Ayushi : How do I believe? Ok tell me their age & what they do?
vfHk’ksd % nksuksa ‚kknh‛kqnk gSaA fcfurk nh dh yM+dh dk uke ;‛kh gS vkSj vatfy nhnh ds csVk vfojr gSA
Abhishek : Both are married.Binita di has a daughter, Yashi & Anjali di‟s son is Avirat.
vk;q’kh % iDdk th iDdkA vc eku fy;k eSausA vPNk ;s crkvks ;‛kh vkSj vfojr dSls gSa \
Ayushi : Absolutely. Now I‟ ve no doubt. How are they; Yashi & Avirat?
vfHk’ksd % nksuksa eLrh djrs gSaA eq÷ks ;kn gS] tc ;‛kh NksVh lh Fkh] eqf‛dy ls 3 lky dh] rks ckr ckr is dgrh Fkh
ÞeSa ukuh ds ikl tk jkÞA cgqr I;kjh yxrh FkhA vkSj vfojr D;k djrk gS] irk gS ! mlds lkeus vxj
fdlh us ÞxksyekyÞ dg fn;k rks jksuk ‚kq#A
Abhishek : They both have fun. I remember when Yashi was quite a little, hardly 3 yrs old,
she would often say “main naani ke paas ja ra”. She looked very cute then. &
you know what Avirat does! If one says „Golmaal‟ in front of him, he starts
weeping.
vk;q’kh % tc vkf[kjh ckj eksgCcsokyk x;h Fkh rks vatfy nh Hkh ogha Fkh dqN fnuksa ds fy,A rc ns[kk Fkk vfojr
dksA ‚kk;n ik¡p eghus dk FkkA
Ayushi : Last time when I went there, I met Anjali di. She was there itself for a few
days. Then I saw Avirat. I think he was 5 months old then.
vfHk’ksd % pyks Bhd gS vc eSa pyrk gw¡] ‚kke dks ckr djrs gaSA
Abhishek : Ok then, I need to go now. Let‟ s chat in the evening.
vk;q’kh % Bhd gS A ck;A
Ayushi : Alright, bye.
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vfHk’ksd % ck;] fQj feysaxsA
Abhishek : Bye, see you again.

ckWch % vjs fuf[ky HkkbZ dgk¡ gks A dkQh le; gks x;k] fn[ks ughaA Boby
: Nikhil bhai, where are you? Long time no see.
fuf[ky % eSa Bhd gw¡A vki dSls gSa\
Nikhil : I am fine mate. What about you?
ckWch % Bhd gw¡A vkSj dgk¡ Fks brus fnuksa ls ge lc vkidks cgqr fel dj jgs FksA
Boby :I am good but where were you, we all had been missing you like anything.
fuf[ky % dgha x;k Fkk dke ds flyflys esaA dy gh okil vk;k] lkspk vki yksxksa ls fey yw¡A
Nikhil :I had gone somewhere for work. I just returned yesterday, thought to see you
guys.
ckWch % pyks vPNk fd;kA vkSj crkvks D;k py jgk gS vkt dyA dgk¡ dke py jgk gS \
Boby : Well that‟s fine. What‟ s going on these days? Where are you working?
fuf[ky % dHkh yqf/k;kuk dHkh ve`rlj dHkh dkuiqj cl ,slk gh py jgk gSA dbZ txg lkbZV is tkuk iM+rk gS
dEiuh dh rjQ lsA
Nikhil : I am roaming places like Ludhiana, Amritsar, and Kanpur for company‟ s
assignment. I got to go different company sites.
ckWch % vjs vkidks irk gS eksftc HkkbZ vkpdy pk¡nuh pkSd esa fdlh vkWfQl esa gSa vkSj lkFk gh lkFk mUgksaus vkSj
jk kk HkkbZ us ,d fct+usl ‚kq# fd;k gSA pyks vxj VkbZe gks rks t+jk lkxj ls feydj vkrs gSaA esjs
eksckby dk pktZj [kjkc gks x;k gSA lksp jgk gw¡ lkxj ls Bhd djk yw¡A oks vkidks ns[kdj cgqr [kq‛k gks
tk,xkA
Boby : Well, do you know! Mojib bhai is working in an office in Chandni chowk & he
has also started a business in partnership with Rana bhai. Anyways, if you‟ ve
some time, accompany me to Sagar‟s place. Actually, my mobile charger is not
working, I wonder if I get it repaired by Sagar. He‟ ll be happy to see you.
fuf[ky % gk¡ Bhd gSA pyrs gSaA vkSj vki crkvks vkidk D;k py jgk gS\ vki rks ‚kk;n MBA dj jgs gks u\
Nikhil : Why not! Let‟ s go. Well, you tell me? You are pursuing MBA, aren‟ t you?
ckWch % esjh MBA rks iwjh gks xbZA vktdy ,d dEiuh esa g¡wA
Boby : MBA is done. I work in a company now.
fuf[ky % cgqr cf<+;kA geus rks i<+kbZ dks dHkh lhfj;lyh fy;k gh ugha ojuk ckr dqN vkSj gksrhA dksbZ ughaA
fdLer gS viuh viuhA
Nikhil : That‟s great. Well, I never took study that seriously or else things could have
been different. Anyways, one has his own destiny.
ckWch % D;k QdZ iM+rk gSA iSls ls eryc gSA cgqr i<+s fy[ks yksx Hkh ?kwe jgs gSaA vPNh tkWc fey tk;s] bruk
gh pkfg,A
Boby : What different it makes, nothing! It‟ s all about money. There are people highly
educated though, just wandering. You get a good job, that‟ s it.
fuf[ky % lgh cksy jgs gks nksLrA
Nikhil : Of course it is.
ckWch dk nksLr fgek‛kq¡ vkSj mlds ikik jkLrs esa fn[k tkrs gaSA
Boby‟ s friend Himanshu & his dad are seen on the way.
ckWch % vcs fgek‛kq¡A ;gk¡ D;k dj jgk gS HkkbZ\

Boby : Hey Himanshu, what are you doing here mate?
fgek‛kq¡ % vkSj ckWch] D;k gky gS\ vjs eSa rks cl ikik ds lkFk ‚kkWfiax ds fy, vk;k FkkA
Himanshu : What‟s up bro! I just came here to shop with dad.
ckWch % ueLrs vadyA
Boby : Good morning uncle.
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fgek‛kq¡ ds ikik % ueLrs csVsA
Himanshu‟ s dad: Very good morning bete.
ckWch % fgek‛kq¡] buls fefy,] fuf[ky HkkbZ gSa dEI;wVj bathfu;jA
Boby : Himanshu, meet Nikhil bhai, a computer engineer.
fgek‛kq¡ % vjs gk¡] eaSus vkids ckjs esa cgqr lquk gSA vki gh rks gks u ftlus lyhe dk dEI;wVj Bhd fd;k FkkA
Himanshu : Oh I see, I‟ ve heard a lot about you. I think you are the one, who repaired
Saleem‟ s computer, right?
fuf[ky % gk¡ fcYdqyA
Nikhil : Yes I am.
fgek‛kq¡ % vkils feydj [kq‛kh gqbZA vPNk ge pyrs gSaA ckWch ‚kke dks feyw¡xk rq÷klsA
Himanshu : Nice to see you. Well, we got to go. Boby, I see you in the evening.
ckWch % py Bhd gS fQj] ck;A
Boby : Sure, see you mate.
fuf[ky % cf<+;k cUnk gS] D;ksa\
Nikhil : He is a nice guy, isn‟t he?
ckWch % ge Ldwy ds fnuksa ls vPNs nksLr gSaA Ldwy esa cgqr eLrh djrs FksA lkFk ?kweuk] fQYe ns[kuk] ikVhZ djuk
oxSjg oxSjgA fnu rks oks FksA vc rks cl dke gh dkeA O;Lr ft+Unxh] VkbZe gh ugha feyrkA
Boby : We are good friends since school days. We used to have fun; being together,
watching movies, enjoying parties etc. Those were the real days. What now!;
only work, busy life, don‟ t get spare time to be honest.
fuf[ky % ckr lgh gSA vc jk kk HkkbZ dks gh ns[k yksA cSad dh tkWc esa tcls yxs] muds n‛kZu gh ugha gks jgsA
Nikhil : Things really change. Now, you see, ever since Rana bhai joined the bank,
can‟ t see him anymore.
ckWch % [kSj HkS;k ls rks Qksu ij ckr gksrh jgrh gSA ;s yks vk xbZ lkxj dh nqdkuA
Boby : Well, I talk to bhaiya over the phone quite frequently. Here it is, Sagar‟s
shop.
lkxj % vjs fuf[ky dgk¡ gS HkkbZ \ u Qksu djrk gS] u feyus vkrk gS] lc Bhd rks gS uk \
Sagar : Nikhil, where are you mate? No call, nothing! Is everything okay?
fuf[ky % lc crkrk g¡wA FkksM+k lk¡l rks ysus nsA
Nikhil : Well, well, well. I‟ ll tell you everything, let me breathe.
fuf[ky lkxj dks iwjh dgkuh crkuk ‚kq# dj nsrk gS fd D;k D;k gqvk bu fnuksa----------
Nikhil starts telling the whole story what all happened these days…….
iRuh % mBks ifrnso] vHkh rd lks jgs gks \

Wife : Still sleeping dear hubby, get up now?
ifr % :dks FkksM+k vkSj lksus nks A
Husband : Let me sleep a bit more.
iRuh % D;ksa vkt vkWfQl ugha tkuk D;k \
Wife : Haven‟ t you to go office today?
ifr % ugha vkt esjh rfc;r dqN Bhd ugha yx jgh gSA
Husband : No sweetheart, I am feeling unwell.
iRuh % D;k gqvk \
Wife : What happened?
ifr % FkksM+k cq[kkj lk yx jgk gS A vkSj lj esa Hkh nnZ gks jgk gSA
Husband : I am feeling a bit feverish. I also have a headache.
iRuh % BUM yx x;h gS ‚kk;nA vki MkWDVj ds ikl tkb,A
Wife : You‟ ve got cold I think. See a Doctor.
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ifr % gk¡ tk ¡xk ckn esaA FkksM+k vkjke dj yw¡A
Husband : Yeah I‟ll but after some rest.
iRuh % Bhd gS FkksM+k vkjke dj yhft,A vkt jkgqy dh Hkh rfc;r dqN Bhd ugha FkhA
Wife : Ok. Take rest. Even Rahul wasn‟t feeling well today.
ifr % jkgqy dgk¡ gS\ D;k gqvk\
Husband : Where is he? What happened to him?
iRuh % oks Ldwy x;k gSA
Wife : He has gone to school.
ifr % vxj mldh rfc;r Bhd ugha Fkh rks fQj D;ksa tkus fn;k \
Husband : If he wasn‟t well, then why did you let him go?
iRuh % eSaus mls dgk ij ekuk ugha] pyk x;k A
Wife : I told to him but he left.
ifr % vPNk dksbZ ckr ughaA oks vius ckjs esa csgrj le>rk gSA
Husband : It‟s ok. He knows himself better.
iRuh % gk¡ cksy jgk Fkk fd eSa Bhd gw¡] vkt egRoiw kZ DykWl gS] NksM+ ugha ldrk A
Wife : Yeah, he was saying he was fine. It was an important class so couldn‟t miss.
ifr % ns[kk] gekjk jkgqy fdruk le>nkj gSA
Husband : Look, how mature our Rahul behaves now.
iRuh % gk¡ ;s rks gSA vPNk lqfu,] ‚kekZ th dh fel dkWy vk;h gS vkids Qksu ijA
Wife : You are right. Well, there is a miss call from Mr. Sharma on your phone.
ifr % dc vkbZ\
Husband : When?
iRuh % tc vki lks;s gq, Fks rcA
Wife : When you were asleep.
ifr % pyks Bhd gSA FkksM+h nsj esa dkWy djrk gw¡A eSa ÝS‛k gksrk gw¡] rqe uk‛rk ijkslksA
Husband : It‟s ok. I‟ ll call him after a while. I freshen up, you serve breakfast.
iRuh % Bhd gSA
Wife : Alright.
ifr % jkgqy us uk‛rk fd;k\
Husband : Did Rahul have breakfast?
iRuh % gk¡ oks uk‛rk djds x;k gSA
Wife : Yes he had.
ifr % Bhd gS eSa vkrk gw¡A
Husband : Ok then, I come.
iRuh % vPNkA
Wife : Ok honey.
Bikrant calls his Uncle (Mr. Pushkar Singh Rana). Mr. Rana picks up the phone….
fcØkUr vius vady fe0 iq’dj flag jk kk dks Qksu djrk gSA fe0 jk kk Qksu mBkrs gSa &
Mr. Rana : Hello, who is this?

fe0 jk kk % gSyks] dkSu\
Bikrant : Good morning, uncle. How are you?
fcØkUr % ueLrs vady] dSls gSa vki\
Mr. Rana : I didn‟ t recognize you.
fe0 jk kk % eSa igpkuk ughaA
Bikrant : Uncle, This is I, Bikrant
fcØkUr % vady] eSa gw¡] fcØkUrA %
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Mr. Rana : Oh, now I recognize. You are sounding quite differently. Actually there is a
problem with my phone.
fe0 jk kk % vjs vc igpkukA rsjh vkokt+ cgqr vyx lh vk jgh gSA ,slk gS esjs Qksu esa fnDdr gSA
Bikrant : Get it repaired uncle.
fcØkUr % rks vady fjis;j djk yks uA
Mr. Rana : Yeah I‟ll. Anyways, how is your job?
fe0 jk kk % gk¡ djk ¡xkA [kSj rsjh tkWc dSlh py jgh gS\
Bikrant : Uncle, job is fine but I called you to let you know about a vacancy in our
company. I was thinking if Aman would like to apply.
fcØkUr % vady] tkWc rks Bhd py jgh gSA eSaus vkidks ;s crkus ds fy, Qksu fd;k Fkk fd esjh dEiuh esa ,d
txg [kkyh gSA eSa lksp jgk Fkk vxj veu vIyk; djuk pkgsA
Mr. Rana : For which post?
fe0 jk kk % iksLV D;k gSA
Bikrant : It‟ s actually for a sales manager.
fcØkUr % lsYl eSustj dh iksLV gSA
Mr. Rana : What is the qualification needed?
fe0 jk kk % DokfyfQds‛ku D;k ek¡xh gS\
Bikrant : Just Graduation in science.
fcØkUr % dsoy lkbUl esa xzStq,‛kuA
Mr. Rana : What does he need to do?
fe0 jk kk % mls D;k djuk gksxk\
Bikrant : Let me talk to Aman. Is he there?
fcØkUr % eq÷ks veu ls ckr djus nhft,A oks gS ogk¡ D;k\
Mr. Rana : Yeah, he is sitting next to me. Give me a second. I hand over the phone.
fe0 jk kk % gk¡] cxy esa gh cSBk gSA ,d lsd MA Qksu nsrk gw¡A
Bikrant : Please.
fcØkUr % gk¡ thA
Aman : Hi Bhaiya, How are you doing?
veu % gk; HkS;kA dSls gks vki\
Bikrant : I am doing great Aman. See, there is a golden opportunity for you in our
company. You will join as a sale manager. I have got solid terms with my boss.
You don‟ t need to have an experience either.
fcØkUr % eSa Bhd gw¡ veuA lqu ,slk gS fd rsjs fy, gekjh dEiuh esa ,d cgqr gh tcjnLr ekSdk gSA rw lsYl
eSustj dh iksLV ij tkWbu djsxkA esjs vius ckWl ls cgqr vPNs laca/k gSA fdlh ,Dlihfj;Ul dh Hkh
t+#jr ugha gSA
Aman : Thanks Bhaiya. What do I do, tell me?
veu % /kU;okn HkS;kA Ekq÷ks D;k djuk gS] crkb,\
Bikrant : Just mail me your resume. You have my email Id, don‟ t you?
fcØkUr % eq÷ks viuk jST+;wes esy dj nsA rsjs ikl esjh bZesy vkbZMh gS u \
Aman : Yeah, I do bhaiya.
veu % gk¡] gS HkS;kA
Bikrant : Mail me within an hour. Most probably, you‟ ll have to join from coming
Monday.
fcØkUr % ,d ?kUVs esa esy dj nsA iwjh mEehn gS] rq÷ks vkus okys lkseokj ls tkWbu djuk iM+sxkA
Aman : ok bhaiya. Please call me once you get the confirmation of joining.
veu % Bhd gS HkS;kA tkWbfuax iDdh gksrs gh dkWy dj nsukA
Bikrant : But remember, my prestige will be on stake.
fcØkUr % ysfdu ;kn j[kuk] esjh bT+t+r rsjs gkFk is jgsxhA
Aman : Don‟ t worry bhaiya, I‟ ll leave no stone unturned.
veu % fpUrk er djks HkS;kA eSa dksbZ dlj ugha NksM+w¡xkA
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Bikrant : That‟s what I wanted to hear. Ok then, I got to hang up now.
fcØkUr % ;gh rks eSa lquuk pkgrk FkkA py vc Qksu j[krk gw¡A
Aman : Ok bhaiya, see you.
veu % vPNk HkS;k] fQj feyrs gSaA
Bikrant : Take care. Bye.
fcØkUr % viuk [;ky j[kukA ck;A
Mr. Rana : Hello Mr.Kumar. How are you doing?

fe0 jk kk % gSyks fe0 dqekjA dSls gSa vki\
Mr. Kumar : I am fine Mr. Rana. You tell me?
fe0 dqekj % eSa Bhd gw¡ fe0 jk kk] vki lqukb,A
Mr. Rana : I am good, thank you. Meet my wife and children.
fe0 jk kk % eSa Bhd gw¡] /kU;oknA ;s gSa esjh iRuh vkSj esjs cPpsA
Mr. Kumar : Hello Mrs. Rana. Hello children.
fe0 dqekj % gyks feflt+ jk kkA gyks cPpksaA
Mrs. Rana : Hello, Mr. Kumar.
feflt+ jk kk % gSyks] fe0 dqekjA
Mr. Kumar : Even I am with my children. They are on the dance floor right now.
fe0 dqekj % eSa Hkh vius cPpksa ds lkFk vk;k gw¡A os vHkh Mk¡l ¶yksj ij gSaA
Mr. Rana : That‟s great. Where is bhabhiji?
fe0 jk kk % cgqr cf<+;kA HkkHkh th dgk¡ gS\
Mr. Kumar : She couldn‟ t come as she was feeling a bit feverish.
fe0 dqekj % oks ugha vk ik;ha] mUgsa FkksM+k cq[kkj lk yx jgk FkkA
Mr. Rana : Oh I see. So she must have seen the doctor, mustn‟ t she?
fe0 jk kk % vjs ! rks mUgksaus MkWDVj dks rks fn[kk fn;k gksxk u\
Mr. Kumar : Yeah, she has. He said nothing much to worry, just take rest.
fe0 dqekj % gk¡] fn[kk fn;kA MkWDVj us dgk ?kcjkus dh t+#jr ugha gS] dsoy vkjke dhft,A
Mr. Rana : She will be alright.
fe0 jk kk % oks Bhd gks tk;saxhA
Mr. Rawat : Hey guys (shouts). Mr. Rana & Mr. Kumar; both great people together here.
fe0 jkor % gs nksLrksa ¼fpYykrs gq,½-----fe0 jk kk vkSj fe0 dqekj] nksuksa egku gfLr;k¡ ;gk¡ ,d lkFkA
Mr. Rana : Mr. Rawat. How are you mate?
fe0 jk kk % fe0 jkor] dSls gSa vki ljA
Mr. Rawat : Not very good. You had told me that you were not coming in the party.
fe0 jkor % vPNk ugha gw¡A vkius rks dgk Fkk fd ikVhZ esa ugha vk jgs gksA
Mr. Rana : I am sorry sir but I had an appointment that time. It just got cancelled an hour
ago so I thought why not to join you guys.
fe0 jk kk % ekQ djuk lj] ij ml oDr esjh fdlh ls eqykdkr r; FkhA ,d ?kaVs igys gh dSfUly gqbZ blfy, eSaus
lkspk D;ksa u vki yksxksa dks tkWbu dj gh fy;k tk;sA
Mr. Rawat :I was just kidding mate. Let‟ s enjoy.
fe0 jkor % eSa rks cl et+s ys jgk Fkk nksLrA pyks ikVhZ ds ets ysaA
Mrs. Rana : Ok honey, you enjoy yourself with your friends. I meet Mrs. Rawat.
feflt+ jk kk % vPNk guh] vki vius nksLrksa ds lkFk ets+ dfj,A eSa feflt+ jkor ls feyrh gw¡A
Mr. Rana : Ok sweetheart. Take care of children.
fe0 jk kk % Bhd gS LohVgkVZA cPpksa dk [;ky j[kukA
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Lesson – 42
Few English Passages
Dear students,
Aditya Sir
1. Nuclear Family vs. Joint Family
Nuclear family is the one where family members are from two generations i.e. parents and their
children while the joint family has got members from more than two generations. The Nuclear family
consists of a man, his wife and their children. And in joint family, one might find a man, his wife, sons,
daughters, daughters in law, grandchildren etc. The oldest member of the family is considered to be the
head of the family; mostly grandfather or grandmother has got this privilege.
Joint family was quite apparent in ancient times, however, things changed with time. Both of the
family systems have got some or the other advantages as well as disadvantages.
Mostly, the joint family system used to be found in villages and small cities. Now, here comes the
interesting question why joint family system disintegrated. One of the major reasons is nothing but the
better job opportunities available in cities. It led to migration of people from small cities with only a few
opportunities to larger cities with better opportunities. There are not only job opportunities there but also
the facilities of every kind. People look for better living standard, medical facilities, higher wages and
better education facilities for their children. Here comes the role of migration. Now it‟s not easy for
elderly people to adjust in other places than the places where they lived since birth or for a longer period
of their lives. They have certain attachment with people there.
Needless to say that India developed rapidly and so did the thinking of newer members, which
emerged differences between generations.
A nuclear family has many advantages. In such families, the mother is given much importance and
that‟s why she can take care of her children in much better way because children spends good amount of
time with their mother. Mother has got decision making powers and obviously as she wants her children
to perform the best, she plans everything cautiously and this makes a great impact in her children‟s life.
A Nuclear family has some disadvantages too, particularly when both the parents are working.
Children don‟t get proper attention and they sometimes miss love and care, which leads to be their
attempts for love and care from outsiders, who can betray them. Guidance is quite inevitable for children
since childhood.
It is not possible to conclude which family system is better as both have certain advantages but
disadvantages too.
2. John Love – “A Piece of Iron” (5 times heavyweight boxing champion of the world)
John Love is one the biggest names in boxing history. Boxing was his passion. This instinct was self
developed. He was not from a very good family so it was difficult for him to manage huge amount of money
to take admission in Boxing Academy. But still, he was never discouraged. He took every second of time as
a challenge. Once, there was a competition in his city. He didn‟t have enough money to take part in this
event so he borrowed some money from his best friend. He knocked out the opponent in just one round. He
hit him hard on his nose, which started bleeding and the opponent surrendered within a minute. This was the
start of his boxing career. People appreciated him for his powerful punches. There was a boxing coach,
seeing this match. He came to John and offered him free training in his training camp. John accepted as it
was a golden opportunity for him. After a year, John was extremely famous due to his right hand punches,
which could break anyone.
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Nelson Ryan was 2 times undisputed and undefeated heavyweight boxing champion of the world of
that time. He was called a man of miracles. John Love challenged him for a title match. He accepted. When
Nelson was about to start the fight, his wife asked him “what do you think how long will this fight take to
get over?” He replied “Not more than 10 minutes. Fight started. Nelson dominated for first 5 rounds and
John wasn‟t able to even stand against him. But things changed. Nelson had underestimated the strength and
endurance of John Love. In the 6th round, John hit Nelson a solid punch on his face, which hurt Nelson
badly and he fell down. People stood up the seats and they couldn‟t believe it. The moment Nelson stood up,
John started punching him and it didn‟t take more than 30 seconds that Nelson got knocked out. John Love
became the new heavyweight boxing champion of the world. He became famous by the name “John Love –
A piece of iron” because when he would fight, it seemed as if the opponents were fighting with a piece of
iron.
3. Call Centers
What is a call center? Common definition is “call center is a place where either we receive a call
from customers or make a call to them”. Call centers where we receive calls from the customers are known
as inbound call centers and similarly where we make a call to customers are called outbound call centers. If
a call center has both; inbound as well as outbound setup, then we call these setups „Processes‟. You might
have heard someone saying „I am in an inbound process‟ or someone saying „I am in an outbound process‟.
Basically, one is talking about the setup. In Inbound process/call center, Customers call us for several
purposes; may be to enquire about a product, enquire about some sort of services that our company offers or
anything of this sort. Similarly In outbound, executives call customers for several purposes; to sell a
product, to offer a service, to survey about something etc.
You must have heard that call centers belong to BPO Industry. That‟s true. BPO stands for Business
Process Outsourcing. When a company gives some part of its business to some other company, it‟s called
Outsourcing of business.
4. Colors of Life
Life is called colorful with so many colors in it. Colors are nothing but the reference of several phases of
life. Life is given names i.e. Struggling, Beautiful or any other adjective as such. It differs person to person
and it all depends on how we take it. We are all born with some innate instincts, positive or negative which
differs us in how we celebrate win and how we surpass a loss. Losing a race, by two people might be seen in
two different ways. One might consider himself a weaker contender and promise to improvise further
whereas the other one might blame his fortune. This exhibits two different behavior patterns of two
individuals. However, the way we expect life, is not necessarily what it turns out to be. Hence, our
perception about it changes with our experience. The more we experience, the more colors of life we
discover.
5. Criminals
Criminals are the ones who commit the crime for any reason at all. This is the actual definition that
we expect from all of us and also we expect such people to be given the title „criminals‟. However, needless
to say that this title is not in fact given to all, who commit crimes and neither, all the people, who are given
this title are necessarily criminals. What we often hear is about hidden crimes, which are never unearthed;
reasons are many. Sometimes it‟s because the victim is scared of future repercussions to himself or to the
loved ones and sometimes it‟s because victim is completely unaware of the laws, which might give him
justice. These crimes are huge in numbers. I think Education plays a vital role in minimizing crime rate.
Our country will grow if we grow our hereabouts. A revolution doesn‟t demand many but one.
6. Boy & Guitar

This is the story of a boy who had to put down his first love „Guitar‟ and get into his father‟s
business. He compromised because his knew that father‟s business was better than his passion for guitar.
Everything was going good in his life but all of a sudden, something as such happened which changed his
life and made him pick the gun. His parents were brutally killed. Left were only his two sisters and one
brother. He picked the gun in revenge but he had to also ensure that nobody knew about him otherwise his
siblings could have been in trouble. Hence, whatever he did, he would be cautious. He himself punished all
the culprits. Nobody could ever know who killed them. There was a doubt but without a proof.
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7. Poverty
Poverty is a malediction for our society. If you really want to realize what poverty is, then you must
interact with people who live in slums. Talk to them, ask them about their lives, their past and then see how
difficult their lives have been. I lived a middle class life and always got almost everything that I wanted,
even though I had to ask my dad for many a time. I firmly believe that pain ideally is realized by the one
who goes through, not by everybody. Indian Government has put in several efforts to improvise their lives,
Huge is the number of NGOs, which claim to help the needy but implementation is not up to the mark and
the major reasons of Government‟s failure is nothing but the corruption.
In fact, poverty and corruption go hand by hand. Both are mutually related to a great extent. If you
are poor, you tend to do anything and everything that can get you some money and that‟s where corruption
comes from. However, there are numerous examples, where even the rich are corrupt due to the greediness
for having more money.
8. Ambition
What is an Ambition? Ambition is a firm goal that we set for ourselves. It also changes with our
experience. As time passes by and we experience lot many new things, which changes the way we take
things, either something adds on to our goal or something eliminates. For example, a person wants to
become a social worker and he is firm in his idea. Sudden in life, he encounters a terrible phase and he
realizes the importance of money, now he sets a target of having good money as well. Now, there are two
types of people. Ones are those who change their viewpoint and entirely change their target and otherwise
are those who just add money earning to their original idea of social welfare but not at the cost of their
original goal. Hence, a goal is not a static part, rather dynamic.
9. When I was a kid
How cruel I feel I was when I was a kid. I used to kill small creatures like ants, fishes, birds etc
without any regret. Every day was a new day of my sin. I would separate the nests off the tree, thinking that
the bird would have to face trouble finding her children. Even if kids would die, I wouldn‟t feel pain. I
would make two ants fight and imagine how I would have experienced if I was of their size. I would kill
birds with a special weapon called “Gulail”. I remember an incidence when I rather ate toffees of the school
fee than pay to Class Teacher and next day hid behind the tree. Having been seen, I jumped into a canal and
put myself under water thinking they couldn‟t see me, just like a pigeon, closes eyes seeing cat believing
that she is not being seen. It‟s something that makes me laugh now. Whatever it was, cute it was.
It is true that childhood is like a dream that is to be broken some or the other day.
10. The best day of my life
It was Sunday and I had to go for an interview. I got up at 8 in the morning, took a bath and got
ready. I was a bit scared thinking about the interview. Actually, it was the first time. My friends had told me
a lot about how to face but it was obvious that I was scared. I left for the interview venue. When I reached
there, I read a quote by Thomas Alva Edison on the board, written as “I will not say that I failed thousand
times, rather I would say, I know thousand ways which can cause failure”. This encouraged me and I
realized that it didn‟t matter if I failed, rather I must be optimist for future. Thinking this, I reached at a
specious hall; where already about 50 candidates were sitting. I looked here and there. I saw a receptionist
sitting there. I went to her. She asked me for my resume. I provided the same. She had a glance on it and she
advised me to have a seat. My name was called after a long wait. The moment I stepped in the interview
room, I was straight away asked what I liked the first thing about the venue. I told the interviewers about
Edison‟s quote. They got impressed. They asked me just a few more questions and asked me to wait outside.
After a little while, a lady called my name and informed me that I got selected. It proved to be one of the
best days of my life.
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Lesson – 43
Idioms & Proverbs
Just a few Idioms, Proverbs & Quotations are given here. Just cram them to enhance your
English speaking skills.
Idioms ¼ eqgkojs] cksfy;k¡½

Adhere to, To follow I always abide by the rules.
1 Abide by
¼ikyu djuk½
Honest & transparent He is above board in the employee
2 Above board selection.
¼lPpk o bZekunkj½
3 An axe to grind Selfish ¼LokFkhZ½ Ram has his own axe to grind.
In perfect order Everything in this room is in apple

4 Apple pie order pie order.
¼lyhds ls] vPNh rjhds ls½
To be confused, I am at a loss due to having so many
5 At a loss things mixed up.
¼vleatl esa gksuk ½
To be an expert English grammar rules are at my
6 At finger tips finger tips.
¼,DliVZ gksuk½
A disgraceful person He is a black sheep for his family.
7 Black sheep
¼dyad½
Noble blood I have a blue blood.
8 Blue blood
¼‛kkgh [kwu½
Enter with aim of
9 Break in stealing He broke in the house.
¼pksjh ds mn~ns‛; ls ?kqluk½
Important question It is a burning question of the day.
10 Burning Question
¼egRoiw kZ iz‛u½
By leaps and Rapidly I am preparing this book by leaps
11 and bounds.
bounds ¼cgqr rsth ls½
Because of By virtue of his power, Security
12 By virtue of
¼ds dkj k½ guard didn‟ t stop him.
13 To bank upon To depend ¼fuHkZj gksuk½ I bank upon my Dad for everything.
To face the risk His name is brought to book now.

14 To bring to book ¼[krjk eksy ysuk½
He had lots of money but he burnt
Burn the candle in To waste everything the candle in both ends and now, he
15
both ends ¼lc dqN u"V dj nsuk½ has nothing.
To forget a quarrel I have buried the hatchet.

16 Bury the hatchet
¼fookn dks [kRe dj nsuk½
Punishment of Death That terrorist has got capital
17 Capital punishment punishment now.
¼eqR;qZnaM½
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A narrow escape It was a close shave; otherwise I
18 Close shave would have died.
¼CKY&2 cp fudyuk½
To find the better Don‟ t think yourself over smart. You
19 To catch tarter will also catch a tarter some or the
competitor
¼‛ksj dks lok‛ksj feyuk½ other day.
Everything was quiet. Suddenly, I

To remove the silence asked a question to Ram and broke
20 Break the ice
¼pqIih rksM+uk½ the ice.
No effect Your flattery can‟ t cut any ice as he is

21 Cut no ice a professional guy.
¼dksbZ izHkko u iM+uk½
22 No longer in use Radio is a dead letter now.

A dead letter
¼iz;ksx gksuk cUn gks tkuk½
A strange competitor He might turn out to be a dark horse
23 Dark horse so be cautious.
To deceit He washed my eyes and just escape

24 Eye wash in the guise of an old man.
¼/kks[kk nsuk½
Irregularly I am unhappy as the project is being
25 By fits & starts prepared by fits and starts.
¼vfu;fer rjhds ls½
Collapse Share market has suddenly fallen
26 Fall flat flat.
¼VwVuk] fxjuk½
27 For good For keeps ¼ges‛kk ds fy,½ You can take this book for good.
I greased the palm of that waiter.

To bribe There is no need to grease
28 To grease the palm policemen‟ s palm if you strictly abide
¼?kwl nsuk½
by the law.
Healthy and strong All the members of my family are

29 Hale & hearty hale and hearty.
¼LoLFk½
Financial difficulty I am hard up at this time but hoping
30 Hard up to receive good money in near future.
¼iSls dh fdYyr½
In a nut shell, I would say that the
As a summery corruption is the root cause of
31 In a nut shell
¼vUr esa½ economic slowdown in India.
In the dress He escaped in the guise of a

32 In the guise of politician.
¼Hks"k esa½
In fashion This kind of shirt is in vogue.
33 In vogue
¼QS‛ku esa½
Look nervous Don‟ t look blue. Be confident. All is
34 Look blue well.
¼uoZl fn[kuk ;k yxuk½
369
Lead a cat & dog Quarrelling life I don‟ t want to lead a cat & dog life.
35
life ¼>xM+kyw ftU+nxh½
Let bygones be To ignore past Forget the pass. Let bygones be
36 bygones.
bygones ¼tks chr x;k lks chr x;k ½
Ordinary man We are men of street so we shouldn‟ t
37 Man of street forget our limitations
¼vke vkneh½
38 Man of letters A scholar ¼fo}ku½ Pt. Nehru was a man of letters.
Make a mountain To exaggerate Whatever you appreciate, you actually

39 make a mountain of mole hill.
of mole hill ¼ckr dks c<+k p<+kdj crkuk½
Each corner Betel sellers are at every nook and
40 Nook and corner corner these days.
¼dksuk dksuk ;k pIik pIik½
Once for all, I conclude “Love is
Finally, At the end something without which we are
41 Once for all
¼vUr esa½ incomplete”.
Frankly He replied to me point blank.

42 Point blank
¼fcuk fgpfdpkgV ds½
He is a rough diamond that‟ s why even
An illiterate but noble if he is illiterate; he has reached to this
43 A rough diamond
¼vui<+ ysfdu xq khs½ amplitude in business.
Too many official The problem with government

44 Red tapism formalities departments is too much red tapism.
¼cgqr lkjh vkSipkfjdrk,¡½
Weak in health He is run down in health these days
45 To run down that‟ s why he is not coming to school.
¼rfc;r [kjkc gksuk½
A bitter tongue He speaks only truth that‟ s the reason
46 A sharp tongue he is said to be having a sharp tongue.
¼dM+ok cksyus okyk½
An obstacle Financial hard up is a stumbling block
48 A stumbling block for us.
¼jksM+k] jkLrs dk dk¡Vk½
To forget differences I have sunk differences a long back.
49 Sink differences
¼eueqVko [kRe dj nsuk½
To go into minute Don‟ t split hairs of this matter.
50 To split hairs
details ¼ckjhdh rd ?kqluk½
To support, To help I will always stand by you; be it a
51 To standby happy time or a grief.
¼lkFk nsuk½
A harmless lie Sometimes in life, you have to tell a

52 A white lie white lie.
¼>wB tks uqdlku u igq¡pk;s½
To win fame Rahul has won laurels due to this social

53 To win laurels welfare organization.
¼Qsel gks tkuk½
370
To bring to an end I am going to wind up the discussion
54 To wind up now.
¼lekIr djuk½
A close friend He has been a bosom friend of mine
55 A bosom friend since childhood.
¼[kkl nksLr½
On the way Dehradun is en route when you go to
56 En route Shimla from Delhi.
¼jkLrs esa½
Hither and Here and there Why are you clothes lying hither and
57 thither?
thither ¼;gk¡ ogk¡½
Useless Our endeavor will not go in vain.
58 In vain ¼fujFkZd] csdkj½
Common people Luxury is mostly not for rank and file
60 Rank and file people.
¼vke vkneh½
To hate I never look down upon the poor.
61 Look down upon ¼uQjr djuk ;k uhpk le÷kuk½
Proverbs ¼dgkorsa ½
uhps dqN dgkorsa nh x;h gSa] bUgsa ;kn dj yhft, &
1. A bad man is better than a bad name. cn vPNk cnuke cqjkA
2. A burnt child dreads the fire. nw/k dk tyk Nk¡N Hkh Qw¡d&2 dj ihrk gSA
3. A diamond cuts a diamond. yksgk yksgs dks dkVrk gSA
4. A friend in need is a friend indeed. t+#jr esa tks dke vk;s] ogh vlyh nksLr gSA
5. A honey tongue, a heart of gale. e/kqj ok kh] nxkckt dh fu‛kkuhA
6. A little knowledge is a dangerous thing. v/kwjk Kku [krjukd gksrk gSA
7. A man is known by the company he keeps. euq"; viuh laxfr ls igpkuk tkrk gSA
8. A nine day‟ s wonder. pkj fnu dh pk¡nuhA
9. A rotten apple injures its companions. ,d xUnh eNyh lkjs rkykc dks xUnk dj nsrh gSA
10. All is well that ends well. vUr Hkyk rks lc HkykA
11. All that glitters is not gold. gj pedus okyh pht+ lksuk ugha gksrhA
12. Barking dogs seldom bite. HkkSadus okys dqRrs dkVrs ughaA
13. Beauty needs no ornaments. lkSan;Z dks vkHkw’k kksa dh t+#jr ughaA
14. Beggars are not choosers. nku dh cfN;k ds nk¡r ugha fxus tkrsA
15. Beauty is in the eyes of beholder. [kwclwjrh ns[kus okys dh vk¡[kksa esa gksrh gSA
16. Between two stools, we come to the ground. /kksch dk dqRrk ?kj dk u ?kkV dkA
17. Fool to others, to himself a sage. vius eq¡g fe;k¡ feB~Bw gksukA
18. Let bygones be bygones. tks chr x;k lks chr x;kA
19. Many a little makes a mickle. cw¡n cw¡n ls ?kM+k Hkjrk gSA
20. Tit for tat /word for word/measure for measure. tSls dks rSlkA
21. To make a mountain of a mole hill. jkbZ dk igkM+ cukukA
22. Too much courtesy, too much craft. e/kqj ok kh] nxkckt dh fu‛kkuhA
23. Prosperity gains friends and Adversity tries them. vehjh nksLr cukrh gS vkSj xjhch mUgsa ij[krh gSA
24. Poverty breeds contempt. / Poverty breeds strife. xjhch ÷kxM+s dh tM+ gksrh gSA
25. Limit your spendings to your earnings. ft+ruh yEch pknj gks mrus gh iSj QSykus pkfg,A
371
Lesson – 44
Englishwale Certification -
Written/Telephonic/Recording Assessment
Englishwale Certification assessment is a national level recognition,
awarded to deserving students/readers.
“CERT Lisl <vkidk uke>” and send to englishwale12@gmail.com
After 90 days & before 1 year:
“CONDUCT Lisl <vkidk uke>” and send to englishwale12@gmail.com
ist u0 2 esa vkidks crk;k x;k gS fd iqLrd dks [kjhnus ds ckn vkidks ,d Email djuk gSA Type dfj,
“CERT Lisl <vkidk uke>” vkSj Hkst nhft, englishwale12@gmail.com ij bZesy ds t+fj, rkfd Bhd 90
fnuksa ds ckn vki bafXy‛kokys MkWV dkWe ds jk’Vªh; Lrj ds lVhZfQds‛ku ds fy, ;ksX;¼eligible½ gks ik;saA vkidk
uke o Qksu uEcj@bZesy vkbZ Mh gekjs lVhZfQds‛ku foHkkx esa iathd`r dj fy;k tk;sxkA
90 fnuksa ds ckn dHkh Hkh vki bl lVhZfQds‛ku ds fy, fuosnu dj ldrs gSaA vkidks fQj ,d Email djuk gS &
Type dfj, “CONDUCT Lisl <vkidk uke>” vkSj Hkst nhft, englishwale12@gmail.com ij bZesy ds
t+fj,A 5&7 fnu ds vUnj bafXy‛kokys MkWV dkWe dh lVhZfQds‛ku izksQs‛kuYl dh Vhe lEidZ djsxhA vkidks bl
fyf[kr] VSyhQksfud o fjdkfMZax vlSlesUV ds ckjs esa crk;k tk;sxk o dksbZ ,d fnu fu/kkfjZr fd;k tk;sxkA
lHkh vlSlesUV vkWuykbu ,oa eksckby ij dUMDV fd;s tk;saxsA ;fn vki bl lVhZfQds‛ku esa ikl gksrs gSa rks
vkidks bafXy‛kokys MkWV dkWe bafXy‛k Lihfdax dkslZ lVhZfQdsV vkids ?kj ds irs ij Hkstk tk;sxkA
;¡w rks lgh ek;us esa lVhZfQdsV ls T+;knk egRoiwkZ gS vkidh bafXy‛k Hkk’kk esa idM+ ysfdu ;g lVhZfQdsV gkfly
djuk vkids fy, fdlh cM+s pSysat ls de ugha gksxk rkfd gekjs jk’Vªh; Lrj ds bl lVhZfQdsV dk egRo cuk jgsA
1- Hkfo"; gksrk ugha gS] bldk fuekZ k gesa [kqn djuk gksrk gSA
2- rkyhesa ugha nh tkrh ifjanksa dks mM+kuksa dh] os [kqn gh r; djrs gSa] ¡pkbZ vklekuksa dh]
j[krs gSa tks gkSlyk vkleku dks Nwus dk] oks ugha djrs ijokg t+ehu is fxj tkus dhA
372
Lesson – 45
Written Interviews
While facing an interview, you need to be confident & natural. You don‟t need to hurry. If you are asked
something that you have no idea about, you shouldn‟t hesitate in accepting your ignorance on that
particular. There is nothing wrong in saying „no‟ for something that you don‟t know. Whenever your weak
area gets highlighted while an interview, always state your efforts to overcome that weakness alongwith as
it gives interviewer an impression that you already know your weaker part & you are putting efforts to
come out of it.
Here are a few samples of call center interviews given below, kindly go through each one of these & try to
play mock interviews with your friends, you will gain confidence. Remember, Practice makes a man
perfect.
Interview – I
Rahul : May I come in sir?
Interviewer : Yes please…….Have a seat………How are you doing?
Rahul : I am doing well. Thank You.
Interviewer : You are………
Rahul : Rahul
Interviewer : I see. Rahul, tell me something about yourself?
Rahul : Sir, I am Rahul. I am 23 years old. I belong to Dehradun. I have done B.Tech from
MITTE University in 2011. We are four members in family, including my Dad, Mom and My elder
brother. My Dad works in a bank, Mom is a housewife and my brother is pursuing MBA from IIM
Ahmadabad. And my hobby is listening to music.
Interviewer : You have done B.Tech so what‟ s the point of coming in BPO industry?
Rahul : Sir, BPO industry is a booming industry. As far as I know, 75% of the IT revenue
comes from this industry. There are good opportunities. Facilities are good as well.
Interviewer : Rahul, do you know what BPO stands for?
Rahul : Yes sir, it‟ s Business Process Outsourcing.
Interviewer : That‟ s correct. Okay, you said your brother is pursuing MBA from IIM, Can you tell me
something about IIM?
Rahul : Well, I‟ ve just heard that IIMs are reputed institutes in India and the students of IIMs
have a bright future.
Interviewer : Alright, your hobby is listening to music, right?
Rahul : Yes sir.
Interviewer : What kind of music?
Rahul : Sir, I like soft music like soft instruments being used and soft voice.
Interviewer : What do you mean by soft?
Rahul : Sir, I mean slow romantic songs with slow music, a bit of guitaring slowly used……
Interviewer : I see. Rahul, do you celebrate your birthday?
Rahul : Yes sir. I do.
Interviewer : How?
Rahul : I just cut the cake and enjoy with friends and family members.
Interviewer : How did you celebrate your last birthday?
Rahul : Sir, I had invited my friends at home. My brother had brought a Cake, burgers,
sandwiches, chowmein etc. We had it. That‟ s it.
Interviewer : I see. So it was simple?
Rahul : Yes sir.
Interviewer : What do you know about call centers?
Rahul : Sir, Call center is a place where calls are either received or made. There are two types
of processes; inbound and outbound. In inbound, we receive a call from customers and in outbound, we
make a call to them.
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Interviewer : Not a bad answer. So you have decided to join call center, right?
Rahul : Yes sir.
Interviewer : Ok Rahul, it was pleasure talking to you. You can wait outside for the feedback.
Rahul : Thank you, sir.
Interview – II
Aditya: May I come in ma‟ am?
Interviewer: Come in. You are…..
Aditya: Aditya Rana.
Interviewer: Aditya, please have a seat.
Aditya: Thank you.
Interviewer: Tell me something about yourself?
Aditya: Ma‟ am, My name is Aditya Rana. I belong to Dehradun. I have done B.Tech in
Electronics & Telecommunication Engineering through correspondence. I‟ ve got 6 years experience
working with international BPOs; 4 years in UK inbound process and 2 years in US outbound. As far
as my family is concerned, my father is an Ex Army personnel, my mother is a housewife. I‟ ve two
sisters. Both are married. My hobby is reading biographies.
Interviewer: Which is your all time favorite biography?
Aditya: A beautiful mind. It‟ s based on a genius mathematician John Nash.
Interviewer: Can you give me an idea about John Nash?
Aditya: Ma‟ am, he was genius in solving mathematical problems. His life is extremely
struggling but highly inspiring. In his 30s, he suffered from a disease related to his mind. He had a
problem of delusions. He experienced something that didn‟ t exist at all. He would hear voices which
didn‟ t actually exist. But eventually with the help of extraordinary love by his wife, he could overcome
his delusions to a great extent and finally received Nobel for his phenomenal contribution in
Economics.
Interviewer: Aditya, Your resume says you worked with your last organization as a Team
Leader. What qualities must a team leader have?
Aditya: Ma‟ am, Team Leader must have good product knowledge. He should welcome the
ideas and suggestions given by the members of his team because you never know, an insightful idea
may come from anyone, which can benefit the process. He must have a good professional relationship
with his team. He must audit his team members‟ calls and deliver feedback to improve their
performance. He shouldn‟ t be partial to anyone. He must listen to his team members‟ problems and
suggest accordingly. He must be able to get the best output possible from his team keeping in mind
their satisfaction and happiness as well.
Interviewer: That‟ s true. Alright Aditya, you got to wait outside for the feedback. Thank you.
Aditya: Thank you ma‟ am, Pleasure talking to you.
Interviewer: Same here.
Interview – III
Pooja: May I come in sir?
Interviewer: Yes, Come in please. Have a seat. You are ..........Pooja, right?
Pooja: Yes sir.
Interviewer: Ok Pooja, Tell me about yourself?
Pooja: Sir, My name is Pooja. I live in Dilshad Garden with parents. I am 21 years old. I have done BA from
DAV College Dehradun. I have an elder sister and a younger brother. Both are studying. My hobby is listening to
music.
Interviewer: When did you complete Graduation?
Pooja: Last year.
Interviewer: Your parents are here in Delhi. Why did you study in Dehradun?
Pooja: Sir, My Uncle‟s family is there so I lived with them. Actually, Dehradun is known for Education so
my father wanted me to pursue graduation from there.
Interviewer: I see. Tell me something about Dehradun?
Pooja: Sir, Dehradun is a beautiful city. It is the capital of Uttarakhand. Dehradun‟s climate is very good. It‟s
a green & clean city. All the facilities are available there. It is known for quality education.
Interviewer: How did you like Delhi?
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Pooja: Sir, Delhi is a big city. I don‟t like this city much because pollution is too much. Crime rate is very
high as well.
Interviewer: But you live here!
Pooja: Sir, It‟s just because my parents are here.
Interviewer: Okay…..tell me something about your mother?
Pooja: Sir, My mother is a housewife. She is very intelligent lady. She is a post graduate in Physics. She
cooks delicious food. She takes care of the family pretty well. She is a bit short tempered. She is just like my friend. I
can share anything with her. She always suggests me for my good. I love her a lot.
Interviewer: And what about your father?
Pooja: Sir, My father is nice person. He is very kind hearted. He loves my mom a lot. He works in a Private
Bank as a Manager. He is PhD in Physics. He runs a Trust as well, which is devoted to the poor and needy children. I
love my father a lot.
Interviewer: Your father and mother both are Physics‟ graduate, were they College mates?
Pooja: Yes sir, they were in the same college. My father liked my mom so they had love cum arrange
marriage.
Interviewer: Didn‟t you like Physics?
Pooja: No sir.
Interviewer: What about your plans for further studies?
Pooja: Sir, I am pursuing MBA in HR through correspondence.
Interviewer: Do you think it can benefit you?
Pooja: Sir, if I am working somewhere, I can internally apply for HR position.
Interviewer: Yes that‟s true. Alright Pooja, it was pleasure talking to you. Please wait outside for the feedback.
Interview – IV
Renu: Good Morning Sir. May I come in?
Interviewer: Good Morning. Please come in. Have a seat.
Renu: Thank you sir.
Interviewer: You are Renu?
Renu: Yes sir.
Interviewer: Can I have your Resume?
Renu: Here it is.
Interviewer: Thank you… ............. Renu, You have done MBA.
Renu: Yes sir.
Interviewer: How can it benefit our organization?
Renu: Sir, MBA is a field where communication skills and convincing skills are taught. Such
skills can certainly benefit the customer service department of your organization.
Interviewer: Yes it is. Renu, what do you know about BPOs?
Renu: Well sir, BPO stands for Business Process Outsourcing. When a company gives some
part of its business to some other company, it is called outsourcing of business. For example, a
company XYZ doesn‟ t want to handle their customer care department by their own due to not efficient
infrastructure for the same, they can outsource it to some other company, which is dealing
particularly in customer service. It saves their infrastructure cost and expertise requirement.
Interviewer: Do you know the meaning of your name?
Renu: Sir, when my parents got married, it rained heavily. So they decided to name me
something similar to the word „rain‟ .
Interviewer: It was extraordinary. (Laughs a bit)
Renu: (Smiles a bit)
Interviewer: Great. Okay Renu, if I hire you for outbound process where you have to call customers
and sell the product, will you be comfortable.
Renu: I‟ ve no issues sir but one thing I would like to certainly highlight that my core interest
lies in inbound process where I need to speak with customers in polite and convincing manner. But it
all depends on your process requirement so I‟ ve no problems working in either of the processes
because I‟ ve to work and perform.
Interviewer: Fine Renu. By the way, what about your salary expectations with us?
Renu: Sir, I am a fresher so whatever is there as per the company norms.
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Interviewer: Great. Kindly wait outside for the feedback.
Renu: Alright sir. Thank you so much. It was pleasure talking to you.
Interviewer: Same here. Thank you.
Interview – V
Priya: May I come in sir?
Interviewer: Yes, Come in please. Have a seat. What‟ s your good name?
Priya: Sir, My name is Priya.
Interviewer: Hello Priya. My name is Mojib Khan and I am working here as an HR executive. May I
have your introduction please?
Priya: Sir, I am Priya. I live in Dilshad Garden. I am a post graduate. My Father is in Army.
My mother is a teacher. I have two elder brothers. Both of them are working. My hobbies are watching
movies and listening to music.
Interviewer: How old are you?
Priya: Sir, I am 24.
Interviewer: Great. Your mother is a teacher so didn‟ t you apply for any teaching job?
Priya: I applied but I couldn‟ t get through.
Interviewer: So what about BPO jobs? If you get an opportunity somewhere in teaching, then you
may leave us, right?
Priya: Not at all sir, if I get good working environment and growth opportunities on the basis
of my performance, then obviously there is no point to switch the job.
Interviewer: But opportunities may take time.
Priya: Sir, I think if I perform extremely well, I can get promotion earlier than usual.
Interviewer: Your attitude is positive, no doubt. I like it. But in customer service, customers might
abuse you sometimes, will you be able to handle?
Priya: Sir, I know that. My friends are working in call centers. They have told me. I have no
issues with that.
Interviewer: Good. Okay, Say something about Delhi?
Priya: Sir, Delhi is the capital of India. I like Delhi a lot as I have been living here since birth.
Delhi is a beautiful city. There are many monuments here such as the Qutub Minar, the Lal Qila etc.
There are so many places to see. But pollution has been one of the major issues here due to very high
population and vehicles being used. Still I love this city.
Interviewer: Priya, if I ask you to sign a 2-year bond with us, what would be your answer?
Priya: I‟ ve no issues sir.
Interviewer: Alright then, You sit outside and wait for the result, okay?
Priya: Alright sir. Thank you so much.
Interview – VI
Pankaj: May I come in ma‟ am?
Interviewer: Come in please. Have a seat. Your good name?
Pankaj: Ma‟ am. My name is Pankaj Koli.
Interviewer: How are you doing Pankaj?
Pankaj: Ma‟ am I am doing nothing.
Interviewer: “How are you doing” means “How are you”
Pankaj: I am sorry ma‟ am. I didn‟ t know. I am fine ma‟ am.
Interviewer: Are you a fresher?
Pankaj: Yes ma‟ am.
Interviewer: Why do you want to join call center?
Pankaj: Ma‟ am, I want to improve my English Speaking skills and also earn money so
that I can give some money to my parents.
Interviewer: Are you a graduate?
Pankaj: Yes ma‟ am.
Interviewer: Can I have your resume?
Pankaj: take this.
Interviewer: Pankaj, never say “take this”, always say “here it is”. Okay. Both have the same
meaning but latter one is more polite and professional.
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Pankaj: okay ma‟ am.
Interviewer: Where do you put up?
Pankaj: Ma‟ am, Seemadwar.
Interviewer: How is the place?
Pankaj: Good.
Interviewer: Tell me something about Seemadwar?
Pankaj: Ma‟ am, Seemadwar is a nice place. It is very clean area. There are many parks
there, where people in the morning and evening, sit and relax. Transport facility is available 24 hrs.
Interviewer: Pankaj, your grammar is good but the pronunciation is a major issue. You need
to improve your pronunciation and then try again. Okay. If you work harder on your pronunciation, it
can certainly be improved.
Pankaj: Ok ma‟ am. I‟ ll surely work on my pronunciation and then try again.
Interviewer: Good luck Pankaj. See you soon.
Interview – VII
Puneet: May I come in Sir?
Interviewer: Please.
Puneet: May I Sit?
Interviewer: Sure. Have a seat. What is your good name?
Puneet: Sir Puneet.
Interviewer: Do you know, what‟ s the meaning of your name?
Puneet: I am sorry sir. I don‟ t know.
Interviewer: Didn‟ t you ever ask your parents?
Puneet: No sir, I never asked.
Interviewer: Don‟ t be nervous. It‟ s okay…….Anyways, Tell me something about yourself?
Puneet: Sir, My name is Puneet Sharma. I am 24 years old. I have done B.Tech from
MCCITE Engineering College in 2009. I am pursuing MBA through correspondence. I have got 3
years experience working with international BPOs. I started off my career with Spectrastics. I worked
there as an executive for about 2 years, then I joined HHP and worked there for about 1 year. I love
playing cricket.
Interviewer: Which process were you in there in Spectrastics?
Puneet: Sir, I was in Altbank inbound process.
Interviewer: Why did you switch?
Puneet: Sir, My family relocated from South Delhi to Noida. So it was quite time
consuming going from Noida to Gurgaon and moreover, the company wasn‟ t providing cabs to Noida.
Hence, I had no choice but to leave.
Interviewer: What do you understand by customer service?
Puneet: Sir, Customer service is all about assisting customers in the best way possible.
Interviewer: What is the role of communication in Customer Service?
Puneet: Well sir, Communication plays a vital role. For Example, Customer is irate and
annoyed by any service company offers. There comes the role of communication. We need to politely
but confidently deal with the customer.
Interviewer: Now what is the reason of switching again from HHP to us?
Puneet: Sir, Company is in huge loss and hence, they have asked us to leave. I have no
other option but to switch.
Interviewer: I see. What do you know about our company HMTC BPO?
Puneet: Sir, HMTC BPO is a very good company as I‟ ve heard it by many of my friends.
There are 3 friends of mine working out here and they are quite satisfied with the facilities provided.
One of my friends has been here for last 3 years, which proves that he is happy and satisfied.
Interviewer: That‟ s great. What is your strength?
Puneet: Sir, my strength is my comfortability with rotational shifts and my convincing
skills, which can benefit the company.
Interviewer: That‟ s great. Alright Puneet, now you wait outside for the feedback.
Puneet: Thank you sir.
377
Interview – VIII
Arun: May I come in sir?
Interviewer: Yes, Come in.
Arun: May I sit?
Interviewer: Yeah sure. How are you?
Arun: sir, I am fine and you?
Interviewer: I am good. Do we start?
Arun: Yes sir.
Interviewer: what is your name?
Arun: sir, Arun.
Interviewer: I see. tell me something about yourself including your family background?
Arun: Sir, My name is Arun. I belong to Delhi. I graduated from Delhi University in 2010.
We are five members in family. My father is in private job. My mother is a house wife. I‟ ve a brother
and a sister. Both are younger to me and pursuing graduation from DU itself. My hobbies are playing
guitar and reading books. That‟ s it.
Interviewer: You have done BA or BSc?
Arun: Sir, I have done BA.
Interviewer: Which was your favorite subject?
Arun: History.
Interviewer: Can you tell me the name of Ashoka‟ s father?
Arun: Sir, I can‟ t remember now. Actually it‟ s been three years having done graduation so
don‟ t remember much. I think it was Bindusar.
Interviewer: Are you confident?
Arun: Not so sure.
Interviewer: It‟ s ok. Anyways, do you have any idea what a call center is?
Arun: Sir, Call center is a place where calls are either received or made. There are two types of
processes; inbound and outbound. In inbound, we receive a call from customers and in outbound, we
make a call to them.
Interviewer: Why do we call customers in outbound processes?
Arun: Sir, It may be for selling our products or for a survey purpose.
Interviewer: And in inbound?
Arun: Sir, we have to handle customer queries in inbound. We have to provide good customer
service to the customer.
Interviewer: Do you have any work experience?
Arun: No sir, I am a fresher.
Interviewer: Did you ever try for government jobs?
Arun: Yes sir, I did. I had written the test for Railways and Indian Navy but I couldn‟ t get
through.
Interviewer: Do you think call center is a good career option?
Arun: Yes sir. Call center industry is a booming industry. Call centers are providing good
salary package, facilities like meals, transport and all. So I think I can grow here.
Interviewer: Can you tell me a disadvantage of working in call centers?
Arun: Shifts are rotational.
Interviewer: But you got to manage!
Arun: yes sir, I know. It‟ s not a problem sir. When I thought to apply in call centers, I
convinced myself. I truly believe that one has to sacrifice some or the other thing to achieve something
better. And moreover, every job has some pros and cons. I am quite comfortable with shifts.
Interviewer: I like your attitude. See, 5 years ago even I had joined here as an executive like you. So
growth opportunities are certainly there, but you got to perform.
Arun: Yes sir.
Interviewer: Well, I think you can do a good job. By the way, where do you stay?
Arun: Sir, I live in Dilshad Colony.
Interviewer: Oh, that‟ s the problem. We don‟ t provide cabs in East Delhi.
Arun: Sir, Do you provide in South Delhi?
378
Interviewer: Yes we do.
Arun: Sir, I can relocate as my friend is living there. I can share his room.
Interviewer: That‟ s great. Ok Arun, so now you wait outside for the feedback.
Arun: Thank you so much sir. Nice talking to you.
Interviewer: Same here.
Arun: Thank You sir.
Interview – IX
Arpit: May I come in Sir?
Interviewer: Come in.
Arpit: Good Afternoon sir.
Interviewer: Very good afternoon. Have a seat. What is your good name?
Arpit: Sir Arpit.
Interviewer: It‟ s a good name.
Arpit: Thank you sir.
Interviewer: Arpit, how old are you?
Arpit: sir, I am 19.
Interviewer: pretty young…….Anyways, tell me something about yourself young guy?
Arpit: Sir, My name is Arpit Chauhan. I am a graduate.I have got 6 months of work
experience working with a private company. My hobby is playing cricket.
Interviewer: How long is the cricket pitch?
Arpit: Sir, it is 22 yards.
Interviewer: That‟ s great. Can you tell me about the position of Gully, cover, extra cover etc?
Arpit: Sir, not much idea of it.
Interviewer: Let me tell you one thing, if you are not sure about something; don‟ t ever raise that
topic in an interview. You are a young guy and probably quite new to interviews. Correct?
Arpit: Yes sir.
Interviewer: So be cautious from the next time, okay. Anyways, let‟ s discuss about something
else… .... What do you understand by customer service?
Arpit: Sir, Customer service is, where you have to handle the customer with care, provide
correct information and if the customer turns irate on the call, you have to deal patiently.
Interviewer: If the customer keeps abusing you, then?
Arpit: Well sir, Customer is just like God for business. So if he abuses, we have to politely deal.
Interviewer: Ok, We are going to play extempore now. I‟ ll give you words on which you‟ ll have to
speak. You can‟ t stop speaking unless I provide you another word. Keep speaking anything that comes
in your mind but not to stop, okay?
Arpit: Ok sir. I‟ ll try my best.
Interviewer: Here we start. Black….
Arpit : Sir, Black is my favorite color. I love to wear black clothes, particularly formal dresses
in black color. I like black color mobile, black cars and almost everything I want to have is of black
color. Black is a royal color. Black color is….
Interviewer: Mobile….
Arpit: Sir, Mobile is the necessity of today‟ s fast life. Mobile is not only used for calling but also
for entertainment. People are opting android & windows mobiles now as they are getting cheaper day
by day due to competition among companies. These mobiles are having facilities like music, video,
games and lot many other things. Mobile technology is…….
Interviewer: Games….
Arpit: Games are so many but my favorite is cricket. I love playing cricket with my friends. I
bat well. I have received plenty of awards in batting such as 50 runs in just 12 balls, fastest hundred
in my college, 50s in 3 consecutive matches etc . I am the captain of my team. I have been playing
since I was in 6th standard…..
Interviewer: Water…..
Arpit: Water is the most important part of our life. We can‟ t live without water as there is no
life if there is no water….
Interviewer: alright, that‟ s it now. It was good Arpit.
379
Arpit: Thank you sir.
Interviewer: Arpit, I have not much to ask you now. You can go and wait outside for the result.
Arpit: Ok sir. Thank you sir.
Interview – X
Saleem: May I come in ma‟ am?
Interviewer: Come in. You are Mr Saleem, right?
Saleem: Yes ma‟ am.
Interviewer: Saleem, please have a seat.
Saleem: Thank you.
Saleem: Ma‟ am, My name is Saleem. I belong to UP. I have passed B.Com. I am a fresher.
My father is an Army officer, my mother is a housewife. I‟ ve two sisters. Both are studying. My hobby
is reading and playing chess.
Interviewer: What kind of books do you read?
Saleem: I prefer reading novels.
Interviewer: Don‟ t you feel, novels are boring?
Saleem: Ma‟ am, most of the people find it boring but when you picturize the story in your
mind and imagine yourself being the part of it, it starts being interesting. Initially when I started
reading novels, the same happened with me. Now I really feel reading a novel in spare time.
Interviewer: Explanation is elegant. I‟ ll try someday. Saleem, Tell me one strength and one
weakness of yours?
Saleem: Ma‟ am, My strength is my dedication towards my responsibilities. And my
weakness is that I don‟t have good computer skills but I am working on my weakness. I have joined
computer coaching in an institute.
Interviewer: How dedicated are you?
Saleem: Ma‟ am, Whatever the responsibility I am given by my parents, I try to finish as
soon as possible so that there is no delay in my part. Even in school days, whatever the task I received
from my teachers, I always finished before the dead line. I rarely delayed.
Interviewer: Okay……Saleem, give me reasons to hire you?
Saleem: Ma‟ am, My dedication towards work and positive attitude against adverse
circumstances make me productive for a company. I am keen to become a key player of my company
in terms of performance and I am confident that I‟ ll live up to your expectations.
Interviewer: Saleem, I love to hear that but saying is not enough, you must apply or else it‟ s
just like castles in the air, you see.
Saleem: I agree to you.
Interviewer: Anyways, it was pleasure meeting you. Wait outside for the feedback.
Saleem: Same here Ma‟ am. Thank you.
Interview – XI
Phone Rings ........ Priya picks up the phone….
Interviewer: Hello, Is this Priya?
Priya: Yes this is. Who is this?
Interviewer: Hi Priya, My name is Sadhvi. I am from the HR department of Intellicon BPO. It‟ s a
telephonic interview round. Is it convenient time to talk to you?
Priya: Yes ma‟ am.
Interviewer: Priya, Introduce yourself?
Priya: Ma‟ am, My name is Priya Khanna. I live in Noida Sec-11. I am a graduate. I graduated
in 2010. I am a fresher. In my family, My father is a govt. employee, my mother is a housewife and my
elder brother is a businessman. My hobby is cooking.
Interviewer: Priya, tell me something about your brother?
Priya: Ma‟ am, My brother‟ s name is Rahul. He is 28 years old. He did B.Tech in Mechanical
Engineering and then started his own business of making punching machine for batteries. He loves
380
me a lot. We have very good bonding. He is a good son, a good brother as well as a good husband. He
has two children.
Interviewer: What do you understand by “Success”?
Priya: Ma‟ am I think Success means the attainment of ultimate objectives. When you target
something and you accomplish that, you feel satisfied. That satisfaction is called “Success”.
Interviewer: Priya, Do you know about our company?
Priya: Ma‟ am, to be honest with you I don‟ t have much idea. I‟ ve just heard that your company
deals in UK outbound sales process.
Interviewer: Where do you stay?
Priya: Ma‟ am, I live in Laxmi Nagar.
Interviewer: Priya, we are based in Gurgaon. We have 3 sales processes; two are UK and one is US
process. We have an inbound process as well but right now, the hiring is only for outbound. Are you
comfortable in outbound sales?
Priya: Yes ma‟ am, I‟ ve no problems at all. I can work in any campaign at all.
Interviewer: Ok then Priya…..Now you may receive a call for second round anytime within an hour.
Good Luck.
Priya: Thank you so much ma‟ am.
Interview – XII
Sarita: May I come in ma‟ am?
Interviewer: Come in please.
Sarita: Thank you ma‟ am.
Interviewer: Please have a seat.
Sarita: Thank you.
Sarita: Ma‟ am, My name is Sarita. I live in Dilshad Colony. I am a Graduation in Social work.
My father is a bank manager, my mother is a teacher. I‟ ve two brothers. Both are working. My hobby
is watching movies.
Interviewer: Sarita, which is your favorite movie?
Sarita: Titanic.
Interviewer: Can you narrate the story?
Sarita: Yes ma‟ am. Titanic is an Oscar winning movie. “Titanic” is the name of a ship, which
was sunk in Atlantic Ocean in 1912, which ended the love story of Jack and Rose. They met on the
ship and fell in love with each other. Jack was an ordinary guy and Rose was very rich. Story roams
around their love. At the end, Jack sacrifices his life to save his love and Rose was among those few
who were saved. Story might sound simple but the way they devoted their emotions to each other was
extraordinary. Leonardo di caprio played the role of “Jack” and Kate winslet the role of “Rose”. I
lovedthe movie.
Interviewer: I have not watched the movie but the story sounds interesting. I must watch it.
Sarita: Yes ma‟ am. It is a nice movie. I think you will love it.
Interviewer: Sarita, what do you know about call centers?
Sarita: Ma‟ am Call center is a centralized station where the customer calls are received to
resolve their queries or the calls are made for selling purpose or some sort of survey.
Interviewer: Do you think you will be comfortable working with a call center?
Sarita: Yes ma‟ am I think so.
Interviewer: Are you comfortable with rotational shifts?
Sarita: No problem.
Interviewer: If I say, you will have to work without salary for first 3 months, will that be okay?
Sarita: Well ma‟ am, considering my need of money, it would be difficult for me to survive;
however, if this is as per the company policy, then I‟ ll have to manage somehow.
Interviewer: Your response is elegant. Nice talking to you. Please wait outside for the feedback.
Sarita: Thank you so much ma‟ am.
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English – Hindi Dictionary (vaxzst+h & fgUnh “kCndks”k)
This dictionary contains most of the common words used in daily conversations. Meaning as well as the Pronunciation
of each word is written alongwith an abbreviation inside the bracket; indicating the “parts of speech” it belongs to.
(n.) – Noun, (pron.) – Pronoun, (vt.) – Transitive Verb, (vi.) – Intransitive Verb, (vti.) – Transitive as well as
Intransitive Verb, (adj.) – Adjective, (adv.) – Adverb, (det.) – Determiner, (conj.) – Conjunction, (prep.) –
Preposition etc.
Transitive and Intransitive Verbs????
Transitive Verbs: Transitive verbs are action verbs that have an object to receive that action.
Examples: 1) He moved the chair. 2) He hit Rahul.
In the 1st sentence, the object „chair‟ received the action of the verb „move‟. Similarly, in the 2nd sentence, the object
„Rahul‟ received the action of the verb „hit‟
Intransitive Verbs: Intransitive verbs are action verbs that do not have an object to receive that action.
Examples: 1) Dad smiled. 2) Ayansh was weeping.
In above sentences, there are no objects receiving the action of the verb „smile‟ & „weep‟.
Have you any queries regarding the meaning or pronunciation or „parts of speech‟ identification?
Feel free to mail us at englishwale12@gmail.com, we are happy to help you.
A Access-(n.) & ¼,sDlsl½ & igq¡p Admission-(n.) & ¼,sMfe‛ku½ & izos‛k
Abandon-(vt.) & ¼vcSUMu½ & R;kx nsuk] Accident-(n.) & ¼,sfDlMsaV½ & nq?kZVuk Adult- (adj.) & ¼,sMYV½ & ckfyx
NksM+ nsuk Accord-(n.) & ¼vdkWMZ½ & feyki Adulterate-(vt.) & ¼,sMYVjsV½ & feykoV
Abate-(vt.) & ¼vcsV½ & de djuk] ?kVuk Acclaim-(vi.) & ¼vDyse½ & t; t;dkj djuk
Abate-(vi.) & ¼vcsV½ & de gksuk] ?kVkuk djuk Advantage- (n.) & ¼,MokUVst½ & Qk;nk
Abbreviate-(vt.) & ¼,czhfo,V½ & la{ksi Accomplice-(n.) & ¼vdfEIyl½ & vijk/k Adventure-(n.) & ¼,MoSUpj½ & lkgfld
djuk] NksVk djuk esa lkFkh dke
Abbreviation-(n.) & ¼,czhfo,‛ku½ & Accomplish-(vt.) & ¼vdfEIy‛k½ & iwjk Adventure-(vt.) & ¼,MoSUpj½ & lkgl
y?kq#i djuk djuk
Abdomen-(n.) & ¼,scMksesu½ & isV] mnj According-(adj.) & ¼vdkWfMZax½ & ds Adversary-(n.) & ¼,sMolZjh½ & ‚k«kq
Abduct-(vi.) & ¼,scMDV½ & Hkxk ys tkuk vuqlkj Adverse-(adj.) & ¼,sMolZ½ & izfrdwy
Abhor-(vt.) & ¼vHkksj½ & uQjr djuk Accurate-(n.) & ¼,sD;wjsV½ & fcYdqy lgh Adversity-(n.) & ¼,sMoflZVh½ & foifÙk
Abide-(vi.) & ¼vckbM½ & ikyu djuk Accuracy-(n.) & ¼,sD;wjslh½ & ‚kq)rk Advertise-(vt.) & ¼,sMoVkZbt+½ & foKkiu
Ability-(n.) & ¼,chfyVh½ & {kerk Accuse-(vt.) & ¼vD;wt+½ & nks’kkjksi k djuk nsuk
Able-(adj.) & ¼,cy½ & ;ksX; Achieve-(vt.) & ¼vpho½ & ikuk Advertisement-(n.) & ¼,MoVhZt+esaV½ &
Abnormal-(n.) & ¼,CukWeZy½ & vlkekU;] Achievement-(n.) &¼vphoesaV½ & miyfC/k foKkiu
vlk/kkj k Acquire-(vt.) & ¼,sDok;j½ & vf/kdkj esa Advice-(n.) & ¼,Mokbl½ & lykg
Abode-(n.) & ¼vcksM½ & ?kj] edku] Msjk dj ysuk Advise-(vt.) & ¼,Mokbt+½ & lykg nsuk
Abolish-(vt.) & ¼vckWfy‛k½ & uk‛k djuk Acquisition- (n.) & ¼,sDohft+‛ku½ & izkfIr Afar-(adv.) & ¼vQkj½ & nwj
Abortion-(n.) & ¼,ckW‛kZu½ & xHkZikr Activity-(n.) & ¼,sfDVfoVh½ & fØ;k‛khyrk Affection-(n.) & ¼vQsD‛ku½ & izse
Abrupt-(n.) & ¼,sczIV½ & vpkud Actor-(n.) & ¼,sDVj½ & vfHkusrk Afford-(vt.) & ¼vQksMZ½ & [kpZ dj lduk
Absence-(n.) & ¼,sclsUl½ & vuqifLFkfr Actress-(n.) & ¼,sDVªSl½ & vfHkus=h Afraid- (adj.) & ¼vÝsM½ & Mjk gqvk
Absent-(n.) & ¼,sclsUV½ & vuqifLFkr Acute-(adj.) & ¼vD;wV½ & prqj Aged-(n.) & ¼,tsM½ & o`)
Absolute-(adj.) & ¼,scLY;wV½ & Lora=] Adamant-(adj.) & ¼,sMkesUV½ & vVy Agitate- (vt.) & ¼,sftVsV½ & vkanksyu djuk
ije Adapt-(vt.) & ¼vMSIV½ & Bhd djuk] Agitation-(n.) & ¼,sftVs‛ku½ & vkanksyu
Absolutely-(adv.) & ¼,scLY;wVyh½ & mi;qDr cukuk Ago-(adv.) & ¼vxks½ & iwoZ
fcYdqy] iwjh rjg Add-(vti.) & ¼,sM½ & tksM+uk] tqVkuk Agree-(vi.) & ¼vxzh½ & lger gksuk
Absorb-(vt.) & ¼,Ct+kWcZ½ & lks[kuk Addict-(vt.) & ¼,sfMDV½ & vknr Mkyuk Agreement-(n.) & ¼vxzhesaV½ & le>kSrk
Abstract-(n.) & ¼,ClVªSDV½ & lkjka‛k Address-(n.) & ¼,sMªl½ & irk Address- Agriculture-(n.) & ¼,sxzhdYpj½ & d`f’k]
Absurd-(n.) & ¼,ct+MZ½ & csgqnk (vt.) & ¼vMªSl½ & fuosnu djuk] O;k[;ku [ksrh
Abuse-(vt.) & ¼vC;wt+½ & xkyh nsuk] ikyu nsuk Ahead-(adv.) & ¼vgSM½ & vkxs
u djuk Adept-(adj.) & ¼vMSIV½ & fuiq k Aid-(n.) & ¼,M½ & lgk;rk
Accelerate-(vt.) & ¼,fDlyjsV½ & xfr Adequate-(adj.) & ¼,sfMDosV½ & i;kZIr] Aid-(vt.) & ¼,M½ & lgk;rk djuk
c<+kuk dkQh Ail-(n.) & ¼,y½ & chekjh] nq[k
Accept-(vt.) & ¼,DlSIV½ & Lohdkj djuk Adhere-(vi.) & ¼vM~fg;j½ & fpiduk Ail-(vt.) & ¼,y½ & nq[k nsuk
Acceptance-(n.) & ¼,DlSIVsUl½ & Lohd`fr Admire- (vt.) & ¼,sMek;j½ & iz‛kalk djuk Ail-(vi.) & ¼,y½ & nq[k gksuk
382
Ailment-(n.) & ¼,yesUV½ & chekjh Annoy-(vt.) & ¼vukW;½ & lrkuk] nq[k Astonish-(vt.) & ¼,sLVksfu‛k½ & apfdr djuk
Aim-(n.) & ¼,e½ & y{; igq¡pkuk Athlete- (n.) & ¼,sFkyhV½ & af[kykM+h
Air-(n.) & ¼,vj½ & gok Anonymous-(adj.) & ¼,ukWfuel½ & csuke Attachment- (n.) & ¼vVSpesaV½ & acU/ku
Airport-(n.) & ¼,vjiksVZ½ & gokbZ vM~Mk Anticipate-(vt.) & ¼,fUVflisV½ & igys ls Attack-(vt.) & ¼vVSd½ & avkdze k djuk
Airy-(adj.) & ¼,vjh½ & goknkj gh lksp ysuk Attain-(vt.) & ¼vVsu½ & aizkIr djuk
Ajar-(adv.) & ¼vtkj½ & v/k[kqyk Antique-(n.) & ¼,sUVhd½ & aizkphu] vuks[kk Attention- (n.) & ¼vVSU‛ku½ & a/;ku
Alcohol-(n.) & ¼,sydksgy½ & efnjk Antonym-(n.) & ¼,sUVksfue½ & foykse vFkZ Attest-(vt.) & ¼vVSLV½ & aizekf kr djuk
Alien-(n.) & ¼,fy;u½ & fons‛kh] xSj Anxiety-(n.) & ¼,saXt+kbVh½ & afpUrk] lksp Attire-(n.) & ¼vVk;j½ & igukok
Alike-(n.) & ¼vykbd½ &,d tSlk Anxious-(adj.) & ¼,saX‛kl½ & afpfUrr] cSpsu Attire-(vt.) & ¼vVk;j½ & oL«k igukuk
Alive-(n.) & ¼vykbo½ & thfor Apology-(n.) & ¼vikWyksth½ & a{kek Attitude-(n.) & ¼,sVhV~;wM½ & joS;k
Allegation-(n.) & ¼,sfyxs‛ku½ & vkjksi Apostrophe-(n.) & ¼vikWLVªkQh½ & alEcU/k Attract-(vt.) & ¼vVªSDV½ & vkdf’kZr djuk
Alliance-(n.) & ¼vyk;Ul½ & laf/k dk fpUg Auction-(n.) & ¼vkWD‛ku½ & auhykeh
Allocate-(vt.) & ¼,sydsV½ & ck¡Vuk Appeal-(vi.) & ¼vihy½ & vihy djuk Audience-(n.) & ¼vkWfM;Ul½ & Jksrkx k
Allow-(vt.) & ¼vyko½ & vkKk nsuk Appear-(vi.) & ¼vih;j½ & fn[kkbZ iM+uk Authentic- (n.) & ¼vkWFksfUVd½ & vlyh
Allure-(vt.) & ¼,sY;ksj½ & yypkuk] eksfgr Appetite-(n.) & ¼,sisVkbV½ & aHkw[k Authority-(n.) & ¼vFkkWfjVh½ & vf/kdkj
djuk Appetizer-(n.) & ¼,sisVkbt+j½ & aHkw[k c<+kus Authorize- (vt.) & ¼vkWFkjkbt+½ & vf/kdkj
Almighty-(n.) & ¼vYekbVh½ & loZZ‛kfDreku okyk nsuk
Almond-(n.) & ¼vkeUM½ & cknke Applaud-(vt.) & ¼vIykWM½ & arkyh ctkdj Autobiography-(n.) & ¼vkWVksck;ksxzQh½ &
Almost-(adv.) & ¼vkWYeksLV½ & yxHkx iz‛kalk djuk vkRedFkk
Alone-(adv.) & ¼vyksu½ & vdsyk Apposite-(n.) & ¼viksft+V½ & vuqdwy Autumn-(n.) & ¼vkWVe½ & ir÷kM+
Appreciate-(vt.) & ¼vizhf‛k,V½ & ljkguk Avoid-(vt.) & ¼vokWbM½ & cpuk
Aloof-(adv.) & ¼vywQ½ & i`Fkd] vyx
djuk Awake-(vt.) & ¼vosd½ & txkuk
Alphabet-(n.) & ¼,sYQkcsV½ & o kZekyk
Approach- (vt.) & ¼vizksp½ & afudV tkuk] Awake-(vi.) & ¼vosd½ & tkxuk
Already-(adv.) & ¼vkYjsMh½ & igys ls gh ikl tkuk
Alter-(n.) & ¼vkWYVj½ & osnh Aware-(n.) & ¼vos;j½ & lko/kku] lpsr
Approach- (vi.) & ¼vizksp½ & afudV vkuk]
Alter-(vt.) & ¼vkWYVj½ & cny nsuk Alter- ikl vkuk Awe-(n.) & ¼vkW½ & /kkd
(vi.) & ¼vkWYVj½ & cny tkuk Alternative- Appropriate-(adj.) & ¼vizksfiz,V½ & mfpr Awe-(vt.) & ¼vkW½ & Mjkuk
(n.) & ¼vkYVusZfVo½ & fodYi Although- Apt-(n.) & ¼,sIV½ & mi;qDr Awful-(adj.) & ¼vkWQy½ & Mjkouk
(conj.) & ¼vkWYnks½ & ;|fi] gkyk¡fd Awkward-(adj.) & ¼vkWdoMZ½ & vViVk]
Argue-(n.) & ¼vkX;wZ½ & ardZ djuk
Altitude-(n.) & ¼,sfYVV~;wM½ & ¡pkbZ vthc
Around-(n.) & ¼vjkm M½ & apkjksa vksj
Altogether-(adv.) & ¼vkWYVqxsnj½ & iwjh B
Arrange-(n.) & ¼vjsUt½ & rS;kjh djuk
rjg Baby-(n.) & ¼csch½ & cPpk
Arrest-(n.) & ¼vjSLV½ & fxj¶rkjh
Always-(n.) & ¼vkWYost+½ & ges‛kk Bachelor-(n.) & ¼cSpyj½ & vfookfgr
Arrest-(vt.) & ¼vjSLV½ & fxj¶rkj djuk
Amateur-(n.) & ¼,sepj ;k vespj½ & Back-(n.) & ¼cSd½ & ihNs] ihB
Arrive-(vt.) & ¼vjkbo½ & aigq¡puk
‚kkSfd;k Back-(adv.) & ¼cSd½ & okfil] mYVk] cnys
Arrogant-(n.) & ¼,sjxsUV½ & a?ke Mh
Amaze-(vt.) & ¼vest+½ & pfdr djuk esa
Arrow-(n.) & ¼,sjks½ & ck k Backbite-(vi.) & ¼cSdckbV½ & ihB ihNs
Amazing-(adj.) & ¼vesftax+½ & tcjnLr
Ambiguous-(adj.) & ¼,sEchX;wvl½ & Art-(n.) & ¼vkVZ½ & adyk pqxyh djuk
vLi’V Articulate-(vt.) & ¼vkfVZdqysV½ & lkQ Backbone-(n.) & ¼cSdcksu½ & jh<+ dh
cksyuk gM~Mh
Ambition-(n.) & ¼,sfEc‛ku½ & egRokdka{kk
Ambitious-(adj.) & ¼,sfEc‛kl½ & Artisan-(n.) & ¼vkfVZt+u½ & af‛kYidkj Badge-(n.) & ¼cSt½ & fof‛k’V fpUg
egRokdka{kh Ascend – (vt.) & ¼vls M½ & ap<+uk] c<+uk Bake-(vt.) & ¼csd½ & lsaduk] idkuk
Amiable-(adj.) & ¼,fe,cy½ & fiz; Ascertain- (vt.) & ¼vlVsZu½ & afuf‛pr Balcony-(n.) & ¼cSyduh½ & NTtk
Amicable-(adj.) & ¼,fedscy½ & fe«krkiwkZ djuk Bale-(n.) & ¼csy½ & xBjh] iksVyh
Ample- (n.) & ¼,sEiy½ & izpqj] fo‛kky Ashes- (n.) & ¼,s‛kt+½ & jk[k Bald-(adj.) & ¼ckWYM½ & xatk
Amuse-(vt.) & ¼,Es;wt+½ & vkufUnr djuk] Aside-(adv.) & ¼vlkbM½ & ,d rjQ] Balm-(n.) & ¼cke½ & ejge
,dkUr esa
eu cgykuk Ban-(n.) & ¼cSu½ & fu’ks/k
Asleep-(adj.) & ¼vLyhi½ & lks;k gqvk
Ancient-(n.) & ¼,fU‛k,UV½ & izkphu Bandage-(n.) & ¼cS Mst½ & ?kko cka/kus dh
Assassin-(n.) & ¼vlSflu½ & agR;kjk iV~Vh
Angel-(n.) & ¼,aty½ & Qfj‛rk
Assassination-(n.) & ¼vlSflus‛ku½ & agR;k Bandit-(n.) & ¼cSfUMV½ & Mkdw
Angle-(n.) & ¼,saxy½ & dksk
Assemble-(vt.) & ¼vlSEcy½ & ,d«k djuk Bankrupt-(n.) & ¼cSaØIV½ & fnokfy;k
Angry-(adj.) & ¼,saxzh½ & Øks/kh
Assemble-(vi.) & ¼vlSEcy½ & ,d«k gksuk Barbarous-(adj.) & ¼ckj~cjl½ & taxyh]
Anguish-(n.) & ¼,safXo‛k½ & nq[k] ihM+k] ‚kksd
Assign-(vt.) & ¼vlkbu½ & fu;qDr djuk vlH;
Anniversary-(n.) & ¼,sfuolZjh½ &
Assist-(vti.) & ¼vflLV½ & algk;rk djuk]
aokf’kZdksRlo Barber-(n.) & ¼ ckjcj½ &ukbZ
Announce-(vt.) & ¼vukmUl½ & a?kks’k kk lgk;rk ikuk Bare-(adj.) & ¼csvj½ & uaxk
djuk Assume-(n.) & ¼vT+;we½ & adYiuk djuk] Barefoot-(adj.) & ¼csvjQqV½ & uaxk
ekuk
Bargain-(vti.) & ¼ckjxsu½ & eksyHkko djuk
Assumption-(n.) & ¼,st+EI‛ku½ & adYiuk
383
Basic-(adj.) & ¼csfld½ & vk/kkjHkwr] ewy Boycott- (vt.) & ¼ck;dkWV½ & cfg’dkj Categorical-(adj.) & ¼dSVsxkWfjdy½ &
Bath-(n.) & ¼ckFk½ & Luku djuk Li’V] lh/kk
Bathe -(vti.) & ¼csn½ & ugkuk] ugykuk Brain-(n.) & ¼czsu½ &efLr’d Categorically-(adv.) & ¼dSVsxkWfjdyh½ &
Battle-(n.) & ¼cSVy½ & yM+kbZ Brake-(n.) & ¼cszd½ & xfr jks/kd Li’V #i ls
Beach-(n.) & ¼chp½ & >hy ;k leqanz dk Brave-(adj.) & ¼czso½ & ohj Category-(n.) & ¼dSVsxjh½ & oxZ] Js kh
fdukjk Bravery-(n.) & ¼czsojh½ & ohjrk Cater-(vt.) & ¼dsVj½ & f[kykuk] Hkkstu dk
Beak-(n.) & ¼chd½ & pksap Breathe-(vti.) & ¼czhn½ & lk¡l ysuk izcU/k djuk
Bear- (n.) & ¼csvj½ & Hkkyw Bribe-(n.) & ¼czkbc½ & fj‛or Cause-(n.) & ¼dkWt+½ & dkj k
Bear- (vti.) & ¼cs;j½ & lguk Brick-(n.) & ¼fczd½ &bZaV Caution-(n.) & ¼dkW‛ku½ & lko/kkuh
Beard-(n.) & ¼fc;MZ½ & nk<+h Bride- (n.) & ¼czkbM½ & nqYgu Cautious-(adj.) & ¼dkW‛kl½ & lko/kku
Beast-(n.) & ¼chLV½ & pkSik;k] i‛kq Brilliant-(adj.) & ¼fczfy;aV½ & cqf)eku Cave-(n.) & ¼dso½ & xqQk Celebrate-
Bee-(n.) & ¼ch½ & e/kqeD[kh Bring- (vt.) & ¼fcazx½ & ykuk] ys tkuk (vt.) & ¼lsfyCkzsV½ & mRlo eukuk
Beef-(n.) & ¼chQ½ & xk; dk ekal Brother- (n.) & ¼cznj½ & ÒkbZ Brutal- Celebration-(n.) & ¼lsfyCkzs‛ku½ & mRlo
Beer-(n.) & ¼fc;j ;k ch;j½ & tkS dh efnjk (adj.) & ¼czwVy½ & funZ;h Build-(vt.) & Censor-(n.) & ¼lSUlj½ & nks’k fujh{kd
Before-(adv.) & ¼fcQksj½ & igys ¼fcYM½ & fuekZ k djuk Burn-(vti.) & Censure-(n.) & ¼lSUlj½ & nks’k] dyad
Beforehand-(n.) & ¼fcQksjgSUM½ ≤ ls ¼cuZ½ &tykuk] tyuk Busy- (adj.) & Censure-(vt.) & ¼lSUlj½ & nks’k yxkuk]
igys ¼fcth½ & O;Lr dyad yxkuk
Beg-(vti.) & ¼csx½ & Hkh[k ek¡xuk] izkFkZuk Buzz- (vi.) & ¼ct+½ & fHkufHkukuk Century-(n.) & ¼lsUpqjh½ & lkS o’kZ] ‚krkCnh
djuk C Cereal-(n.) & ¼flfj;y½ & vUu] vukt
Beggar-(n.) & ¼cSxj½ &fHk[kkjh Cab-(n.) & ¼dSc½ & xkM+h] VSDlh Ceremony-(n.) & ¼lsjseuh½ & /kkfeZd
Begin-(vt.) & ¼fcfxu½ & izkjEHk djuk Cabbage-(n.) & ¼dScst½ & cUnxksHkh mRlo
Behave-(vt.) & ¼fcgso½ & O;ogkj djuk Certain-(adj.) & ¼lVsZu½ & fuf‛pr
Cage-(n.) & ¼dst½ &fiatM+k
Behavior-(n.) & ¼fcgsfo;j½ & O;ogkj Certain-(det.) & ¼lVsZu½ & dksbZ ,d
Cage-(vt.) & ¼dst½ &fiatM+s esa cUn djuk
Behead-(vt.) & ¼fcgSM½ & flj dkVuk Certainly-(adv.) & ¼lVsZUyh½ & cs‛kd]
Calamity-(n.) & ¼dySfeVh½ & foink
Behind-(prep.) & ¼fcgkbUM½ &ihNs fuf‛pr gh
Calibre-(n.) & ¼dSfycj½ & ekufld ‚kfDr
Behold-(vt.) & ¼fcgksYM½ & /;ku ls ns[kuk Certainty-(n.) & ¼lVsZUVh½ & fuf‛prrk
Callous-(adj.) & ¼dSykWl½ & dBksj] funZ;h
Belief-(n.) & ¼fcyhQ½ &fo‛okl Certify-(vt.) & ¼lVhZZQkbZ½ & izekf kr djuk
Calm-(adj.) & ¼dke½ & ‚kkUr
Believe-(vt.) & ¼fcyho½ &fo‛okl djuk Challenge-(vt.) & ¼pSysUt½ & yydkjuk
Calmly-(adv.) & ¼dkeyh½ & ‚kkfUriwoZd
Believe-(vi.) & ¼fcyho½ &fo‛okl j[kuk Chance-(n.) & ¼pkUl½ & ekSdk
Calmness-(n.) & ¼dkeusl½ & ‚kkfUriwkZrk
Beneficial-(adj.) & ¼cSfufQf‛k;y½ & Change-(n.) & ¼psUt½ & cnyko] [kqys iSls
Camel-(n.) & ¼dSey½ & ¡V Change-(vi.) & ¼psUt½ & cny tkuk
ykHknk;d Canal-(n.) & ¼dSuy½ & ugj
Benefit-(n.) & ¼cSusfQV½ & ykÒ Change-(vt.) & ¼psUt½ & cny nsuk
Cancel-(vt.) & ¼dSUly½ & dkVuk] jn~n Chaos-(n.) & ¼dsvksl½ & xM+cM+h] vLr
Benign-(adj.) & ¼fcukbu½ & n;kyq djuk
Betray-(vt.) & ¼fcVªs½ & fo‛okl?kkr djuk O;Lr
Candid-(adj.) & ¼dSfUMM½ & lPpk] [kjk
Beware-(vi.) & ¼fcos;j½ & lko/kku gksuk Character-(n.) & ¼dSjsDVj½ & pfj=
Cannon-(n.) & ¼dSuu½ &rksi Characteristic-(n.) & ¼dSjsDVfjfLVd½ &
Biography-(n.) & ¼ck;ksxzQh½ & thouh Canon-(n.) & ¼dSuu½ & fu;e fo‛ks’krk] xq k
Birth-(n.) & ¼cFkZ½ & tUe Capability-(n.) & ¼dsissfCkfyVh½ & ;ksX;rk Cheat-(vt.) & ¼phV½ & /kks[kk nsuk
Birthright-(n.) & ¼cFkZjkbV½ & tUefl) Capable-(adj.) & ¼dsissCky½ & ;ksX;
vf/kdkj Cheer-(n.) & ¼fp;j½ & izlUu
Capacity-(n.) & ¼diSflVh½ & ‚kfDr] Cheer-(vt.) & ¼fp;j½ & izlUu djuk
Bit-(n.) & ¼fcV½ & VqdMk] FkksM+k lk Bite- foLrkj] lkeF;Z
(vt.) & ¼ckbV½ & nk¡r ls dkVuk Bitter- Cheerful-(n.) & ¼fp;jQqy½ & izlUufpÙk
Capital-(n.) & ¼dSfiVy½ & iww¡ th] jkt/kkuh
(adj.) & ¼fcVj½ & dM+ok Blame-(vt.) & Cheese-(n.) & ¼pht+½ & iuhj] pht+
Capital-(adj.) & ¼dSfiVy½ & iz/kku] eq[;
¼Cyse½ &nks’k yxkuk] nks’k] vijk/k Chew-(vt.) & ¼P;w½ & pckuk
Capitalist-(n.) & ¼dSfiVfyLV½ & iw¡wthifr]
Blanket-(n.) & ¼CySadsV½ &dEcy Chick-(n.) & ¼fPkd½ & eqxhZ dk cPpk
lkgwdkj
Bleed-(vti.) & ¼CyhM½ & [kwu fudyuk] [kwu Child-(n.) & ¼pkbYM½ & cPpk
Captive-(n.) & ¼dSfIVo½ & canh] dSnh
fudkyuk Childhood-(n.) & ¼pkbYMgqM½ & cpiu
Capture-(vt.) & ¼dSIpj½ & idM+uk
Bless- (vt.) & ¼CySl½ & vk‛khokZn nsuk Childish-(adj.) & ¼pkbfYM‛k½ & cpiuk lk]
Care-(vt.) & ¼ds;j½ & ijokg djuk
Blood-(n.) & ¼CyM½ & [kwu Blunder- ew[kZ
Careless-(adj.) & ¼ds;jySl½ & csijokg
(n.) & ¼CyUMj½ & cMh xyrh Bold- Chill-(adj.) & ¼fpy½ & BaMk
Carnival-(n.) & ¼dkfuZoy½ & mRlo
(adj.) & ¼cksYM½ & fuMj] fnysj Bone- Chill-(vi.) & ¼fpy½ & BaMk gks tkuk
Carpet-(n.) & ¼dkisZV½ & njh] dkyhu
(n.) & ¼cksu½ & gM~Mh Chill-(vt.) & ¼fpy½ & BaMk djuk
Carrot-(n.) & ¼dSjV½ & xktj
Borrow-(vt.) & ¼ckWjks½ & m/kkj ysuk Chirp-(vi.) & ¼piZZ½ & p¡w p¡w djuk
Cash-(n.) & ¼dS‛k½ &udn
Bottom- (n.) & ¼ckWVe½ & isank] ryk Chop-(vt.) & ¼pkWi½ & dkVuk
Cast-(n.) & ¼dkLV½ & lk¡pk] fQYe ;k ukVd
Bow-(n.) & ¼cks½ & /kuq’k Chorus-(n.) & ¼dksjl½ &xk;dksa dk lewg
esa ik«kksa dh lwph
Bow-(vti.) & ¼cks½ & >qduk Caste-(n.) & ¼dkLV½ &tkfr Chronic-(adj.) & ¼ØkWfud½ & iqjkuk] yEck
Catch-(vt.) & ¼dSp½ &idM+uk Circumstance-(n.) & ¼ldZeLVsUl½ &?kVuk
384
Circumstances-(n.) & ¼ldZeLVsUlst+½ & Competent-(n.) & ¼dkWfEiVsUV½ & ;ksX;] Conscious-(adj.) & ¼dkWU‛kl½ & lpsr
ifjfLFkfr;k¡ fuiq k] leFkZ Consciousness-(n.) & ¼dkWU‛klusl½ &
Citizen-(n.) & ¼flfVt+u½ & ukxfjd Competition-(n.) & ¼dkWfEifV‛ku½ & psruk
Civilization-(n.) & ¼flfoykbZt+s‛ku½ & izfr;ksfxrk Consecutive-(adj.) & ¼dUt+sD;fVo½ &
lH;rk Complaint-(n.) & ¼dEIysUV½ & f‛kdk;r yxkrkj
Clap-(vt.) & ¼DySi½ & rkyh ctkuk Complete- (n.) & ¼dEIyhV½ & iwjk Consequence-(n.) & ¼dkWfUlDosUl½ &
Clarify-(vt.) & ¼DySfjQkbZ½ & Li’V djuk Complete- (vi.) & ¼dEIyhV½ & iwjk djuk ifj kke
Classification-(n.) & ¼DykflfQds‛ku½ & Completion-(n.) & ¼dEIyh‛ku½ & lekfIr Conserve-(vt.) & ¼dUt+oZ½ & lqjf{kr j[kuk
oxhZdj k Complication-(n.) & ¼dkWEIyhds‛ku½ & Consider-(vt.) & ¼dfUlMj½ & lkspuk]
Clean-(n.) & ¼Dyhu½ & lkQ my>u fopkj djuk
Clean-(vt.) & ¼Dyhu½ & lkQ djuk Compliment-(n.) & ¼dkWfEIyesUV½ & iz‛kalk Consist-(vt.) & ¼dfUlLV½ & esa gksuk] jguk
Cleanliness-(n.) &¼DyhfUyusl½& LoPNrk Compliment-(vt.) & ¼dkWfEIyesUV½ & iz‛kalk Conspire-(vt.) & ¼dULik;j½ & ‘kM;a=
Climb-(vt.) & ¼DykbEc½ &p<+uk djuk jpuk
Cloth-(n.) & ¼DykWFk½ & diM+k Comprise-(vt.) & ¼dEizkbt+½ & lfEefyr Conspiracy- (n.) & ¼dkWfULijslh½ & ‘kM;a=
Clothe-(vt.) & ¼Dyksn½ & diM+s iguuk djuk Constant-(adj.) & ¼dkWULkVsUV½ & fLFkj
Coal-(n.) & ¼dksy½ & dks;yk Compromise- (vt.) & ¼dkWEizksekbt+½ & Constipation-(n.) & ¼dkWfULVis‛ku½ & dCt
Coalition-(n.) & ¼dkW;fy‛ku½ & esy le÷kkSrk djuk Constitution-(n.) & ¼dkWfULVV~;w‛ku½ &
Coarse- (adj.) & ¼dkslZ½ & vlH;] Hkn~nk Compulsory-(adj.) & ¼dEiYljh½ & lafo/kku
Cobbler-(n.) & ¼dkWCyj½ & eksph Cock- vfuok;Z Consult-(vt.) & ¼dUlYV½ & jk; ysuk
(n.) & ¼dkWd½ & eqxkZ Compute-(vt.) & ¼dEI;wV½ & x kuk djuk Consultation-(n.) & ¼dUlYVs‛ku½ &
Conceal- (vt.) & ¼dUlhy½ & fNikuk foe‛kZ] ea«k kk
Coin-(n.) & ¼dkWbu½ & flDdk
Concentration-(n.) & ¼dkWUlUVªs‛ku½ & Consume-(vt.) & ¼dUT+;we½ & [kir djuk
Coin-(vt.) & ¼dkWbu½ & flDdk cukuk] jpuk
,dkxzrk Consume-(vi.) & ¼dUT+;we½ & [kir gksuk
Coincidence-(n.) & ¼dksbfUlMsUl½ & la;ksx
Concern-(n.) & ¼dUluZZ½ & fpUrk] lEcU/k Consumption-(n.) & ¼dUtaI‛ku½ & [kir
Collaborate-(vi.) & ¼dksyscjsV½ & ,d
Concern-(vt.) & ¼dUluZZ½ & lEcU/k j[kuk Contain-(vt.) & ¼dUVsu½ &lfEefyr djuk
lkFk dk;Z djuk
Conclude-(vt.) & ¼dUDY;wM½ &lekIr djuk Continue-(vt.) & ¼dfUVU;w½ & tkjh j[kuk
Collapse-(vi.) & ¼dksySIl½ & fxj tkuk]
fipd tkuk Conclude-(vi.) & ¼dUDY;wM½ &lekIr gksuk Continuous-(adj.) & ¼dfUVU;qvl½ &
Collide- (vi.) & ¼dksykbM½ & Vdjkuk Condemn-(vt.) & ¼dUMsEk½ & nks’k yxkuk yxkrkj
Collision- (n.) & ¼dkWfyt+u½ & VDdj Condition-(n.) & ¼dUMh‛ku½ &n‛kk] fLFkfr Contradict-(vt.) & ¼dkWUVªfMDV½ & fojks/k
Colour- (n.) & ¼dyj½ & jax Conducive-(adj.) & ¼dUM~;wflo½ & lgk;d djuk
Comb- (n.) & ¼dkse½ & da?kh Conduct-(vt.) & ¼dUMDV½ & izcU/k djuk] Contrary-(adj.) & ¼dkWUVªjh½ & foifjr
O;ogkj djuk Contribute-(vt.) & ¼dkWfUVªC;wV½ &;ksxnku
Comb- (vt.) & ¼dkse½ & da?kh djuk
Confection-(n.) & ¼dUQsD‛ku½ & feBkbZ] nsuk
Combine- (vi.) & ¼dEckbu½ & feyuk] ,d
[kkus dh ehBh lkezxh Contribution-(n.) & ¼dkWfUVªC;w‛ku½ &
gksuk
Confectioner-(n.) & ¼dUQsD‛kuj½ & ;ksxnku
Combine- (vt.) & ¼dEckbu½ & feykuk] ,d gyokbZ
djuk Controversy-(n.) & ¼dkWUVªksolhZ½ & fookn]
Confess-(vt.) & ¼dUQsl½ & Lohdkj djuk cgl
Commence- (vt.) & ¼desUl½ & vkjEHk
Confession-(n.) & ¼dUQs‛ku½ & Lohdkj Convenient-(adj.) & ¼dUohfu;UV½ &
djuk
Confidant-(n.) & ¼dkWfUQMsUV½ & lqfo/kktud
Commencement- (n.) & ¼desUlesUV½ &
fo‛oklik«k] [kkl nksLr Conversation-(n.) & ¼dkWUolsZ‛ku½ &
vkjEHk
Confide-(vi.) & ¼dUQkbM½ &fo‛okl djuk ckrphr] okrkZyki
Commend-(vt.) & ¼desUM½ & iz‛kalk djuk
Confidence-(n.) & ¼dkWfUQMsUl½ & Convey-(vt.) & ¼dUos½ & ys tkuk] igq¡pkuk
Comment-(vi.) & ¼dkWesUV½ & fVIi kh
vkRefo‛okl] fo‛okl Conveyance-(n.) & ¼dUos;Ul½ & lokjh]
djuk
Confident-(adj.) & ¼dkWfUQMsUV½ & okgu
Commit-(vt.) & ¼dfeV½ & oknk djuk]
xyr dke djuk vkRefo‛oklh Cooperate-(vi.) & ¼dqvkWijsV½ & lg;ksx
Commitment-(n.) & ¼dfeVesUV½ & oknk Confirm-(vt.) & ¼dUQeZ½ & iqf’V djuk] nsuk
fuf‛pr djuk Coordinate-(vt.) & ¼dkWfMZusV½ & mfpr
Communicate- (vt.) & ¼dE;wfudsV½ &
Confirmation-(n.) & ¼dUQesZ‛ku½ & lEcU/k cukuk
dguk] igq¡pkuk
izek khdj k] LFkk;hdj k Cordial-(adj.) & ¼dkWfMZ;y½ & gkfnZd
Communication-(n.) & ¼dE;wfuds‛ku½ &
Conflict-(n.) & ¼dkWfU¶yDV½ & ÷kxM+k Cordially-(adv.) & ¼dkWfMZ;yh½ & fny ls
lapkj
Congratulate- (vt.) & ¼dkWUxzzspqysV½ & Corrupt-(adj.) & ¼djIV½ & Hkz’V
Compare-(vt.) & ¼dEis;j½ & rqyuk djuk
c/kkbZ nsuk Corruption-(n.) & ¼djI‛ku½ & Hkz’Vkpkj
Comparison-(n.) & ¼dEiSfjt+u½ & rqyuk
Congratulation- (n.) & ¼dkWUxzzspqys‛ku½ & Cosmetic- (adj.) & ¼dkWLesfVd½ & lqUnjrk
Compassion-(n.) & ¼dEiS‛ku½ & n;k c/kkbZ c<+kus okyh
Compensation-(n.) & ¼dkWEiUls‛ku½ & Connect- (vt.) & ¼dusDV½ & tksM+uk
{kfriwfrZ Count-(vt.) & ¼dkmUV½ & fxuuk
Conquer-(vt.) & ¼dUDoSj½ & thruk Courage-(n.) & ¼djst½ & lkgl
Compete-(vt.) & ¼dEihV½ & Li/kkZ djuk
Conscience-(n.) & ¼dUlkbUl½ & foosd Courageous-(adj.) & ¼djsft;l½ &
lkglh
385
Courtesy-(n.) & ¼dVsZlh½ & uezrk Declare-(vt.) – (fMDysvj) –?kks’k kk djuk Deserve-(vt.) – (fMt+oZ) – dkfcy gksuk
Cousin-(n.) & ¼dt+u½ & ppsjk] eesjk] Decorate-(vt.) – (MSdjsV) – ltkuk Deserving-(adj.) – (fMt+foZax) - dkfcy
ekSlsjk ;k QqQsjk HkkbZ@cgu Decoration-(n.) – (MSdjs‛ku) – ltkoV Desire-(vt.) – (fMt+k;j) – bPNk djuk
Coward-(adj.) & ¼dkWoMZ½ & dk;j Dedicate- (vt.) – (MSfMdsV) –lefiZr djuk Desirous-(adj.) – (fMt+jl) - bPNqd
Crave-(vt.) & ¼Øso½ & pkguk] ykylk djuk Dedication- (n.) – (MSfMds‛ku) –leiZ k Desperation- (n.) – (MSLijs‛ku) – fujk‛kk
Credible-(adj.) & ¼ØSfMcy½ &fo‛oluh; Defame-(vt.) – (MhQse) – fuUnk djuk Destination-(n.) – (MSfLVus‛ku) – eafty
Creditable-(adj.) & ¼ØSfMVscy½ & Defeat-(vt.) – (fMQhV) - gjkuk Destroy- (vt.) – (fMLVkª;) - /oLr djuk
ljkguh; Defect-(n.) – (fMQSDV) – deh Detective-(n.) – (fMVSfDVo) – tklwl
Credulous-(adj.) & ¼ØSMqyl½ & Hkksyk Defense- (n.) – (fMQSUl) – j{kk] cpko Deteriorate-( vt.) – (fMVSfjvksjsV) –
Crisis-(n.) & ¼Økbfll½ & ladV Defend- (vt.) – (fMQSUM) – j{kk djuk] fxjuk] derj gksuk
Critic-(n.) & ¼fØfVd½ & vkykspd cpko djuk Determination-(n.) – (fMVjfeus‛ku) –
Criticize-(vt.) & ¼fØfVlkbt+½ & vkykspuk Defer-( vt.) – (MSQj) – Vky nsuk fu‛p;
djuk Deference-(n.) – (MSQjSUl) – lnkpj k Determine-( vt.) – (fMVjfeu) – fu‛p;
Criticism-(n.) & ¼fØfVflTk+e½ & vkykspuk Deficiency-(n.) – (MSfQ‛kSUlh) – deh djuk
Crucial-(adj.) & ¼Øw‛ky½ & fu kkZ;d Deficiency-(n.) – (MSfQ‛kSUlh) – deh Detest-(vt.) – (fMVsLV) - ?k` kk djuk
Cruel-(adj.) & ¼Øwvy½ & funZ;h Deficit-(n.) – (MSfQflV) – deh] ?kkVk Develop-( vt.) – (fMosyi] Msoyi) – izxfr
Crust-(n.) & ¼ØLV½ & fNydk] ijr Definition-(n.) – (MSfQus‛ku) – ifjHkk’kk ;k mUufr djuk
Culprit-(n.) & ¼dfYizV½ & vijk/kh] nks’kh Deformity-(n.) – (fMQkWfeZVh) – deh] Development-(n.) – (fMosyiesaV]
Curiosity-(n.) & ¼D;wfj;kWflVh½ & ftKklk dq:irk MsoyiesaV) – mUufr
Curious-(adj.) & ¼D;wfj;l½ & ftKklw Degree-(n.) – (fMxzh) – in] va‛k] mikf/k Devil- (n.) – (MSfoy) – ‚kSrku
Curriculum-(n.) & ¼djhD;ye½ & Dejected-(adj.) – (fMtSDVsM) - mnkl Dew-(n.) – (M~;)w - vksl
ikB~;dze Delay- (n.)( vt.) – (Mhys) – nsj] nsj djuk Diagnosis-(n.) – (MkbxukSfll) – jksx dks
Curse-(n.) & ¼dlZ½ & ‛kki] Jki Delegate-(n.) – (MSfyxsV) – izfrfuf/k igpkuuk
Curse-(vt.) & ¼dlZ½ & ‛kki nsuk Delegation- (n.) – (MSfyxs‛ku) – izfrfuf/k Dictate-( vt.) – (fMDVsV) – nwljksa dks
Curtain-(n.) & ¼dVsZu½ & inkZ eaMy fy[kkuk
Cynic - (adj.) & ¼flfud½ & fpM+fpM+k o Deliberate-(vt.) – (MSfyczsV) – lksp fopkj Dictator-(n.) – (fMDVsVj) – dBksj ‚kkld
dqfVy O;fDr djuk Diet-(n.) – (MkbV) – vkgkj
D Delicacy-(n.) – (MSfydlh) - dkseyrk] Differ-(vi.) – (fMQj) – fHkUu gksuk
Dab - (vt.) – ¼MSc½ & Fkidh nsuk uktqdrk Difference-(n.) – (fMQjSUl) – QdZ
Dacoit - (n.) – (MSdkWbV) - Mkdw Delicate-(n.) – (MSfydsV) - dksey] uktqd Difficult-(adj.) – (fMfQdYV) – dfBu
Dacoity - (n.) – (MSdkW;Vh) - MdSrh Deliver-( vt.) – (fMfyoj) - R;kx nsuk] Diffuse-(vt.) – (fM¶;wt+) – QSykuk] mM+syuk
Daily - (adv.) – ¼Msyh½ & izfrfnu igq¡pk nsuk] O;k[;ku nsuk Dig-( vt.) – (fMx) – [kksnuk
Dainty- (adj)- (MsUVh) – lqgkouk] Lokfn’V Delusion-(n.) – (fMY;wt+u) – Hkze Digest-( vt.) – (MkbtSLV) – ipkuk
Dais -(n.) – (Mk;l) – eap Demarcation-(n.) – (fMekdsZ‛ku) – lhek] Dignity- (n.) – (fMfXuVh) – eku lEeku]
Damage- (n.)(vt.) - (MSest) –gkfu] {kfr gn] e;kZnk izfr’Bk
igq¡pkuk Demean-(vt.) – (fMehu) - uhpk fn[kkuk Dilemma-(n.) – (Mk;yek) – nqfo/kk]
Danger - (n.) – ¼MsUtj½ & Mjkouk Demise-(n.) – (fMekbl) - e`R;q confusion
Dangerous -(adj.) – (MsUtjl) – Hk;adj Democracy-(n.) – (MSeksØslh) – turk }kjk Diligence-(n.) – (fMfytSUl) – ifjJe]
Dare - (vti.) – ¼Msvj½ & fgEer djuk pquh tkus okyh lRrk lko/kkuh
Daring-(n.) – (Msvfjax) - fuMj Demonstration-(n.) – (MSeUlVªs‛ku) – Diligent-(adj) – (fMfytSUV) – ifjJeh]
Darken - (vt.) – ¼MkdZu½ & va/ksjk djuk izek k] lkfcr djds fn[kkus okyk lko/kku
Darken - (vi.) – ¼MkdZu½ & va/ksjk gksuk Denial-(n.) – (fMuk;y) – Lohd`fr u gksuk Dilute-( vt.) – (MkbY;wV) – iryk djuk]
Daughter-(n.) – (MkWVj) – iq=h] csVh Dentist-(n.) – (MSfUVLV) – nkarksa dk MkWDVj Qhdk djuk
Daunt - (vt.) – ¼MkWUV½ & Mjkuk Deny-( vt.) – (fMuk;) – euk djuk Dine-( vt.) – (Mkbu) – Hkkstu djuk
Depart- (vt.) – (fMikVZ) – pys tkuk Dinner-(n.) – (fMuj) – jkr dk Hkkstu
Dauntless-(n.)(adj.) - (MkWUVySl) – fuHkZ;
Departure-(n.) – (fMikpZj) - izLFkku Diplomat-(n.) – (fMIykseSV) – prqj]
Dawn - (n.) – ¼MkWu½ & losjk
Dependant-(n.) – (fMiSUMSUV) – fuHkZj dwVuhfr djus okyk
Dazzle-(vt.) – (MSt+y) – pfdr dj nsuk
Depict-(vt.) – (fMfiDV) - o kZu djuk Disable- (vt.) – (fMlscy) – vleFkZ djuk
Dear-(n.) – (fM;j) - I;kjk Disappear-( vt.) – (fMlvfi;j) – vn`‛;
Dear-(adv.) – (fM;j) - e¡gxk Deplete-(vt.) – (fMIyhV) - [kkyh djuk
Deposit-( vt.) – (fMikSft+V) – tek djuk gks tkuk
Dearth-(n.) – (MFkZ) – deh] vdky] vHkko Disappointment-(n.) – (fMlvikWbaVeSaV) –
Debase- (vt.) – (fMcsl) – de djuk Depression-(n.) – (fMizS‛ku) – mnklh
Deprive-( vt.) – (fMizkbo) – Nhu ysuk fujk‛kk
Debate- (vt.) – (fMcsV) – cgl djuk Discharge-( vt.) – (fMLpktZ) – NksM+uk]
Debt-(n.) – (MSV) - _ k] m/kkj Depth-(n.) – (MSIFk) - xgjkbZ
eqDr djuk] [kRe djuk
Decay-(vt.) – (Mhd)s - ?kVuk] uk‛k gksuk Descend-( vt.) – (fMlSUM) – mrjuk] Disclose-( vt.) – (fMlDykst+) – izdV djuk]
vkdze k djuk
Decent-(n.) – (MhlsUV) –lH;] f‛k’V Li’V djuk
Describe-(vt.) – (fMLØkbc) - o kZu djuk
Deception-(n.) – (fMlsI‛ku) – /kk[skk] Ny
Description-(n.) – (fMfLØI‛ku) – o kZu
386
Discourage -( vt.) – (fMldjSt) – grk‛k Domination-(n.) – (MkWfeus‛ku) – opZLo] Eclipse-(n.) – (,sfDyIl) – xzg k
djuk ‚kklu Ecstasy-(n.) – (,DlVSlh) – csgn [kq‛k
Discovery- (n.) – (fMLdojh) – [kkst Donation-(n.) – (Mksus‛ku) – nku Edge-(n.) – (,st) - fdukjk
Disease-(n.) – (fMt+ht+) – chekjh] jksx Donee -(n.) – (Mksuh) – ftls nku feys Edible-(adj.) – (,sfMcy) – [kkus ;ksX;
Disgrace-( vt.) – (fMLxzsl) – vieku djuk Donor-(n.) – (Mksuj) – nku nsus okyk Edit-(vt.) – (,sfMM) – lEiknu djuk
Disguise-( vt.) – (fMLxkbt+) – Hks’k cnyuk Dormant-(adj.) – (MkWesZaV) – lqLr Edition-(n.) – (,sfM‛ku) – laLdj k
Disgusting- (n.) – (fMLxfLVax) – cgqr gh Doubt-(vt.) – (MkmV) – ‚kd djuk Editor-(n.) – (,sfMVj) – lEiknd
csdkj] ?kfV;k Drain-(vt.) – (Mªsu) - ikuh dks ckgj Educate-(vt.) – (,stqdsV) – f‛k{kk nsuk
Dishonor-( vt.) – (fMlvkWuj) – vieku fudkyuk Effect- (n.) – (bQSDV) - izHkko
djuk Drainage-(n.) – (Mªsust) - ikuh dk fudkl Effective-(adj.) – (bQSfDVo) – dkjxj]
Disinterested – (adj) – (fMlbUVjLVsM) – Drastic-(adj.) – (MªSlfVd) – l[r] izpaM izHkko‛kkyh
fu’i{k Draw-(v.i) – (MªkW) – [khapuk] vkdf’kZr djuk Efficiency-(n.) – (,sfQ‛ksUlh) – fuiq krk
Dislike-( vt.) – (fMLykbd) – ukilUn djuk Drawback-(n.) – (MªkWcSd) - deh Efficient- (adj.) – (,sfQf‛k,UV) – fuiq k]
Dislocate-( vt.) – (fMLyksdsV) – tksM+ Dread-(n.)(vt.) - (MªSM) – Hk;] Mjuk dq‛ky
vyx djuk] txg ls gVkuk Dream-(n.) – (Mªheh) – LoIu] liuk Effort-(n.) – (,sQVZ) – iz;kl
Dismal- (adj.) – (fMLey) – ?kksj] mnkl] Drench-(vt.) – (MªSUp) – fHkxksuk Ego-(n.) – (bZxks) – ?ke M
‚kksde; Drive-(vti.) – (Mªkbo) – okgu pykuk Egoism-(n.) – (bZxksbt+e) – dsoy vius ckjs
Dismay- (vt.) – (fMLe)s – Mjkuk] fujk‛k Drizzle-( vt.) – (fMªt+y) – cwank ckanh] gYdh esa lkspuk] LokFkZ] ?ke M
djuk o’kkZ Egotism-(n.) – (bZxksfVt+e) – dsoy vius
Dismiss- (vt.) – (fMfLel) – in ls gVkuk
Drowsy-(adj) – (Mªk t+h) – uhn ls Hkjk ckjs esa ckr djuk] LokFkZ
Disorder-(n.) – (fMlvkMZj) – vyx Fkyx] gqvk Eject-(vt.) – (btSDV) – ckgj fudkyuk
vO;oLFkk Dual-(adj.) – (Mqvy) – nksuksa] nksgjh Elastic-(adj.) – (bySfLVd) - yphyk
Dispatch-( vt.) – (fMLiSp) – jokuk djuk Due-(adj.) – () – ns;] dtZ Elder-(adj.) – (,YMj) – mez esa cM+k] T;s’B
Displace-( vt.) – (fMLkIysl) – txg ls Elderly-(adj.) – (,YMjyh) - v/ksM+] cw<+s
Duel-(n.) – (M~;wvy) - ;q)
gVkuk
Duly-(adv.) – (M~;wyh) – ;Fkk;ksX;] mfpr O;fDr
Display- (vt.) – (fMLkIys) – izn‛kZu djuk
Dumb-(n.) – (Me) – xwaxk Elect-(vt.) – (bySDV) - pquuk
Dispute- (n.)(vt.) – (fMLI;wV) – fookn]
Durable-(adj.) – (M~;wjScy) - fVdk Element-(n.) – (,sfyeSUV) – rRo
fookn djuk
Distance-(n.) – (fMlVSUl) - nwjh Duration-(n.) – (M~;wjs‛ku) – vof/k Elementary-(adj.) – (,sfyeSUVjh) – ekSfyd
Distant-(adj.) – (fMLVSUV) - nwj During-(prep.) – (M~;wfjax) – ds nkSjku – Basic, Rudimentary
Distemper-(n.) – (fMLVSEij) – nhokj dk Dusk-(n.) – (MLd) – la/;kdky Elevation- (n.) – (,syhos‛ku) – ¡pkbZ –
jax Dust-(n.) – (MLV) - /kwy Raising, upwards
Distort-( vt.) – (fMLVkWV)Z – #i fcxkM+uk Dusty-(adj.) – (MLVh) - /kwy ls Hkjk gqvk Eligible-(adj.) – (,fyftcy) - ;ksX;
Distribution-(n.) – (fMLVªhC;w‛ku) – ckaVuk Duty-(n.) – (M~;wVh) – dÙkZO;] dj¼tax½ Elucidate-(vt.) – (bY;wflMsV) – explain
Disturb-(vt.) – (fMLVcZ)Z – ijs‛kku djuk] Dwarf-(n.) – (M~okQZ) - ckSuk djuk] le÷kkuk
– (M~ Elusion-(n.) – (bY;wt+u) – Hkze] /kks[kk
xM+cM+ djuk Dwell-(vt.)
Dwelling-(n.) ( –cluk] jguk
–oSy) Embark- (vti.) – (bEckdZ) – ‚kq# djuk
Ditto-(adj.) – (fMV~Vks) – fCkYdqy ogh tks M~oSfyax) – edku] ?kj]
ij fy[kk gS clsjk Embrace- (vt.) – (bEczsl) – xys yxkuk
Dive-(n.) – (Mkbo) – Mqcdh ekjuk Dynamite-(n.) – (Mk;ukekbV) – ck:n Embroidery- (n.) – (bEczkbMjh) – diM+s
Diversity-(n.) – (Mk;oflZVh) – fofHkUurk Dynasty-(n.) – (Mk;uSLVh) – jktoa‛k ij lqbZ ls fMt+kbu dk ckjhd dke
Diversion-(n.) – (Mk;ojtZ+u) - /;ku gVkuk] E Embryo- (n.) – (bEcz;ks) – Hkzwk
eksM+ Each-(adj.) – (bZp) – izR;sd] gj dksbZ Emergency-(n.) – (bejtSUlh) –
Divert- (vt.) – (Mk;oV)Z – jkg cny nsuk] Eager-(adj.) – (bZxj) - mRlqd vkikrdky
iFk Qsj nsuk Eagle-(n.) – (bZxy) - fx) Emigrant-(n.) – (bfexzSUV) - izoklh] nwljs
Divine-(adj.) – (fMokb+u) – ifo«k ns‛k ls vk;s gq,
Ear-(n.) – (bZvj) - dku
Division-(n.) – (fMfot+u) – ck¡Vuk] foHkktu Employ-(vt.) – (bEIyk;) – dke ij j[kuk
Earn-(vt.) – (vuZ) - dekuk
djuk] lSfudksa dh Vksyh Employee-(n.) – (bEIykWbZ) - deZpkjh
Earnest-(adj.) – (vuZsLV) – mRlqd] xEHkhj
Divorce- ( vt.) – (Mk;okslZ ;k fMoksl)Z – Employer-(n.) – (bEIyk;j) - ekfyd
Earning-(n.) – (vfuZax) – vk;] vkenuh
rykd nsuk] vyx djuk Empower- (vt.) – (,Eikoj) – vf/kdkj
Earth-(n.) – (vFkZ) - /kjrh] i`Foh
Divulge- ( vt.) – (Mk;oYt) – [kksy nsuk iznku djuk
Earthly- (adj.) – (vFkZyh) – lkalkfjd Emptiness-(n.) – (,EIVhuSl) – [kkyhiu
Doctrine-(n.) – (MkWDVªkbu) - fl)kUr Earthquake-(n.) – (vFkZDosd) - HkwdEi
Dogma-(n.) – (MkWxek) - fl)kUr Empty-(adj.) – (,EIVh) – [kkyh
Ease-(n.) – (bZt+) - vkjke Encounter-(vt.) – (,UdkmUVj) – fEkyuk]
Dogmatic- (adj.) – (MkWXeSfVd) - lS)kfUrd]
East-(n.) – (bZLV) - iwjc fHkM+uk
gBh
Eat-(vti.) – (bZV) – [kkuk Encourage-(vt.) – (,Udjst) – izksRlkfgr
Domestic-(adj.) – (MkWesfLVd) – ?kjsyw
Eatable-(adj.) – (bZVscy) – [kkus ;ksX; djuk
Dominate-(vt.) – (MkWfeusV) – opZLo j[kuk]
Echo-(n.) – (,sdks) – vkokt dh x¡wt Encyclopedia-(n.) – (,UlkbDyksihfM;k) –
‚kklu djuk
Echo-(vt) – (,sdk)s - x¡wtuk lkEkkU; Kku dk ‚kCndks‛k
387
Endure-(vt.) – (bUM~;ksj) – lgu djuk Exclamation-(n.) – (,sDlDyses‛ku) – Facilities-(n.) – ¼QSflfyVht+½ & lqfo/kk,¡
Energetic-(adj.) – (,ujtSfVd) - QqrhZyk foLek;kfn cks/kd] vpkud mRiUu Hkkouk,¡ Fade-(vi.) – ¼QsM½ & eqj÷kkuk] csjax gksuk
Enforce-(vt.) – (,UQkslZ) – ykxw djuk Exclude- (n.) – (,DlD;wM) – vyx djuk Faint-(n.) – ¼QsUV½ & csgks‛k
Enmity-(n.) – (,fUeVh) – ‚k«kqrk Exclusive-(n.) – (,DlD;wflo) – tks dgha Faint-(vi.) – ¼QsUV½ & csgks‛k gksuk
Enormous-(adj.) – (bUkkWeZl) – fo‛kky vkSj u gks Fair-(n.) – ¼Qsvj½ & esyk
Enquire-(vt.) – (bUDok;j) – iwNrkN djuk Excuse-(n.) – (,DlD;wt+) – cgkuk Fair-(adj.) – ¼Qsvj½ & lqUnj
Enter-(vti.) – (, Vj) – izos‛k djuk Exempt-(n.) – (bXt+SEIV) – NwV nsuk] eqDr Faith-(n.) – ¼QsFk½ & fo‛okl] lPpkbZ
Entry-(n.) – (, Vªh) – izos‛k djuk Faithful-(n.) – ¼QsFkQqy½ & oQknkj
Envelop-(n.) – (,Uoyi) - fyQkQk Exhaust-(vt) – (,XT+gkWLV) – Fkdk nsuk Familiar-(adj.) – ¼Qsfefyvj½ & ifjfpr]
Envy-(vt.) – (,Uoh) – tyu djuk] bZ’;kZ Exhibit-(n.) – (,sXT+ghfcV) – iznf‛kZr djuk] tkuk igpkuk
djuk fn[kkuk Famous-(adj.) – ¼Qsel½ & izfl)
Epic-(n.) – (,fid) – egkdkO; Exist-(n.) – (,fXt+LV) – vfLrRo esa gksuk Farewell-(n.) – ¼Qs;josy½ & vyfonk]
Epidemic-(n.) – (,fiMSfed) – laØked jksx Existence-(n.) – (,fXt+LVSUl) – vfLrRo] fonkbZ
Equal -(adj.) – (bZDoy) – cjkcj igpku Fascinate-(vt.) – ¼QSlhusV½ & fny thr
Equation-(n.) – (bDos‛ku) – lehdj k Expect-(n.) – (,DliSDV) – mEehn djuk ysuk] [kq‛k dj nsuk
Equilibrium-(n.) – (bDohfyfcfjve) - Expectation-(n.) – (,DliSDVs‛ku) - mEehn Fatal-(n.) – ¼QsVy½ & ?kkrd
larqyu Expel-(n.) – (,sDliSy) – ckgj fudkyuk Fate-(n.) – ¼QsV½ & HkkX;
Equivalent-(adj.) – (bZDohoySUV) – cjkcj Expensive-(n.) – (,sDliSfUlo) - e¡gxk] Fault- (n.) – ¼QkWYV½ & xyrh] Hkwy
ewY; ;k cjkcj Lrj dk ewY;oku Faulty- (adj.) – ¼QkWYVh½ & nks’kiwkZ Favor-
Era-(n.) – (bjk) – dky] ;qx Experiment-(n.) – (,sDliSfjeSUV) – iz;ksx (vt.) – ¼Qsoj½ & dìk djuk] lgkjk nsuk
Eradicate- (vt.) – (bjSfMdsV) – tM+ ls djuk Favorable- (adj.) – ¼Qsojscy½ & fgrdkjh]
[kRe dj nsuk Expire- (n.) – (,sDlik;j) – ejuk] vof/k ykHknk;d
Erase-(vt.) – (bjst+) – feVkuk [kRe gks tkuk Fear-(n.) – ¼fQvj½ & Mj
Explain-(n.) – (,sDlIysu) – O;k[;k djuk] Feasible-(adj.) – ¼Qhft+cy½ & gksus ds
Erect-(vt.) – (bjSDV) – [kM+k djuk
o kZu djuk ;ksX;] lkFkZd
Erection-(n.) – (bjSD‛ku) – [kM+k Explanation-(n.) – (,sDlIysus‛ku) –
Error-(n.) – (,sjj) – xyrh] «kqfV Feature-(n.) – ¼Qhpj½ & #i] y{k k] xq k
O;k[;k] o kZu
Escape- (vt.) – (bLdsi) – cp fudyuk] Feeble-(adj.) – ¼Qhcy½ & detksj
Explode-(vti.) – (,sDlIyksM) – QVuk]
Hkkx fudyuk Festival-(n.) – ¼QSfLVoy½ & R;ksgkj
/kekdk djuk
Essential-(adj.) – (blSfU‛k;y) – cgqr Festive-(adj.) – ¼QSfLVo½ & R;ksgkj lEcU/kh
Explore-(vt.) – (,sDlIyksj) – u;k dqN
t+#jh djuk] [kkstuk Fiction-(n.) – ¼fQD‛ku½ & dYiuk
Establish-(vt.) – (bLVSfCy‛k) – LFkkfir Export- (vt.) – (,sDliksV)Z – fu;kZr djuk Fictitious-(adj.) – ¼fQfDV‛kl½ & dkYifud
djuk Expose-(vt.) – (,sDlikst+) – izdk‛k esa ykuk Fierce-(adj.) – ¼fQ;lZ½ & Hk;kud] Øks/k
Esteem- (vt.) – (,LVhe) – vknj djuk Express-(vt.) – (,sDlizS‛k) – vfHkO;fDr Finance-(vt.) – ¼QkbusUl½ & iSls lslEcfU/kr]
Eternal-(adj.) – (bVuZy) - vuUr djuk iSlk nsuk
Ethics-(n.) – (,sfFkDl) - uhfr Expression-(n.) – (,sDlizS‛ku) – vfHkO;fDr Financial-(adj.) – ¼QkbusfU‛k;y½ & vkfFkZd
Evacuate-(vt.) – (boSdq,V) – [kkyh djuk Extempore-(n.) – (,sDlVSEiks) – fcuk rS;kjh Finish-(vt.) – ¼fQfu‛k½ & vUr
Evade-(vt.) – (bosM) – gVkuk] cp fudYkuk dh vfHkO;fDr Fire-(n.) – ¼Qk;j½ & vkx
Even- (adj.) – (bZou) – lery] le Extend-(vti.) – (,sDlVSUM) – c<+kuk] QSykuk Fireproof-(adj.) – ¼Qk;j izwQ½ &
Evening-(n.) – (bZofuax) – lka;dky Extent-(n.) – (,sDlVSUV) – QSyko vfXujks/kd
Event-(n.) – (bZoSUV) - ?kVuk Extension- (n.) – (,sDlVSU‛ku) - QSyko Fish-(n.) – ¼fQ‛k½ & eNyh
Ever-(adv.) – (,soj) - dHkh Extensive- (adj.) – (,sDlVSfUlo) – fo‛kky Fishery-(n.) – ¼fQ‛kjh½ & eNyh idM+us dk
Evidence- (n.) – (,sfoMSUl) – lcwr] izek k Extra-(adj.) – (,sDlVªk) – vfrfjDr] vf/kd O;olk;
Evident- (adj.) – (,foMSUV) – tkfgj lh Extract-(vt.) – (,sDlVSªDV) – ckr dk Fist-(n.) – ¼fQLV½ & eqV~Bh
ckr] LIk’V fupksM+ fudkyuk] NkaVuk Fit-(n.) – ¼fQV½ & Bhd
Evil- (adj.) – (bfoy) – ikih] nq’V Extraction-(n.) – (,sDlVSªD‛ku) – fy;k Fit-(vt.) – ¼fQV½ & Bhd djuk
Evolution-(n.) – (bokWY;w‛ku) – fodkl gqvk dksbZ Hkkx] fupksM+ Fit-(vi.) – ¼fQV½ & Bhd gksuk
Exaggerate-(vt.) – (bXt+StjsV) – Extraordinary-(adj.) – (,sDlVkWªMufj) – Fitness- (n.) – ¼fQVusl½ & fQV gksuk
vfr‛;ksfDr djuk] c<+k p<k+ dj cksyuk vnHkqr] xtc] tcjnLr Flagrant-(adj.) – ¼¶ySxjsUV½ & dq[;kr
Exam-(n.) – (bXt+SEk) - ijh{kk Extravagant-(adj.) – (,sDlVkªosxsaV) – Flame-(n.) – ¼¶yse½ & Tokyk
Examinee-(n.) – (bXt+SEkuh) - ijh{kkFkhZ csQtwy [kphZyk Flame-(vt.) – ¼¶yse½ & Tkykuk
Examiner-(n.) – (bXt+SfEkuj) - ijh{kd Extreme-(n.) – (,sDlVªhe) – cgqr] Flame-(vi.) – ¼¶yse½ & tyuk
Exceed- (n.) – (,sDlhM) – vf/kd gksuk] vkf[kjh Flatter-(vt.) – ¼¶ySVj½ & pkiywlh djuk
T+;knk gksuk Eye – (n) – (vkbZ) - vk¡[k Flavour-(n.) – ¼¶ysoj½ & Lokn
Exception-(n.) – (,sDlSI‛ku) – viokn] dqN F Flaw- (n.) – ¼¶ykW½ & nks’k
gVdj Face-(n.) – ¼Qsl½ & psgjk] lkeus Flexible-(adj.) – ¼¶ySfDlcy½ & yphyk
Exchange-(n.) – (,sDlpsat) - cnyuk Facilitate-(vt.) – ¼QSflfyVsV½ & lgk;rk
djuk] lgt djuk
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Flight-(n.) – ¼QkbV½ & mM+ku] if{k;ksa dk Fury-(n.) – ¼¶;wjh½ & Øks/k] ikxyiu Grievance-(n.) – ¼xhfo,Ul½ & vUuk;] nq[k
÷kq M Fusion-(n.) – ¼¶;wt+u½ & esy] feJ k Grip-(n.) – ¼fxzi½ & idM+uk
Flock-(n.) – ¼¶ykWd½ & if{k;ksa dk ÷kq M] Futile-(n.) – ¼¶;wVkby½ & rqPN] fujFkZd Groundnut-(n.) – ¼xzkmUMuV½ & ewaxQyh
tkuojksa dk ÷kq M Future-(adj.) – ¼¶;wpj½ & Hkfo’; Growth-(n.) – ¼xzksFk½ & rjDdh] izxfr
Flock-(vi.) – ¼¶ykWd½ & ,d«k gksuk G Guarantee-(vt.) – ¼xSjUVh½ & fo‛okl
Fluctuation-(n.) – ¼¶yDpq,‛ku½ & Gab-(n.) – ¼xSc½ & xi‛ki fnykuk] vk‛oLr djuk
vfLFkjrk] mrkj p<+ko Gab-(vt.) – ¼xSc½ & xi‛ki djuk Guarantee-(n.) – ¼xSjUVh½ & ca/kd ¼tSls
Fluent-(adj.) – ¼¶yw,UV½ & cgrk gqvk] Gale-(n.) – ¼xsy½ & vka/kh cSad esa yksu ysus ds fy, lEifRr dks ca/kd
/kM+kds ds lkFk cksyus okyk O;fDr Gallant-(adj.) – ¼xSysUV½ & lkglh j[kuk½]
Fog-(n.) – ¼QkWx½ & dksgjk Gamble-(vi.) – ¼xSEcy½ & tqvk [ksyuk Guard-(n.) – ¼xkMZ½ & pkSdhnkj
Follower-(n.) – ¼QkWyksvj½ & vuqlj k djus Garland-(n.) – ¼xkjyS M½ & ekyk Guardian-(n.) – ¼xkfMZ;u½ & laj{kd
okyk Guidance-(n.) – ¼xkbMSUl½ & iFk izn‛kZu
Garlic-(n.) – ¼xkfyZd½ & yglqu
Foolish-(adj.) – ¼Qwfy‛k½ & csodwQ Guide-(vt.) – ¼xkbM½ & iFk iznf‛kZr djuk]
Garment-(n.) – ¼xkjeSUV½ & diM+k] iks‛kkd
Forbid-(vt.) – ¼QkWjfcM½ & euk djuk] jkg fn[kkuk
jksduk] fu’ks/k djuk Garnish-(vt.) – ¼xkfuZ‛k½ & ltkuk
Gaze-(vi.) – ¼xst+½ & ?kwjuk Guilt-(n.) – ¼fxYV½ & vijk/k] nks’k
Forcible-(adj.) – ¼QksflZcy½ & cy ds lkFk Guilty-(adj.) – ¼fxYVh½ & vijk/kh] nks’kh
Forecast-(vt.) – ¼QkWjdkLV½ & Hkfo’;ok kh Gem-(n.) – ¼tse½ & ef k
Generally-(adv.) – ¼tSujyh ;k tujyh½ & Gulp- (vt.) – ¼xYi½ & fuxyuk
djuk Gust- (n.) – ¼xLV½ & gok dk ÷kksadk] izp M
Forefather-(n.) – ¼QksjQknj½ & iwoZt lkekU;r%
Generate-(vt.) – ¼tujsV½ & iSnk djuk gok
Foreigner-(n.) – ¼QkWjuj½ & fons‛kh Gymnasium-(n.) – ¼ftEusft+;e½ & fte]
Forever-(adv.) – ¼Qjsoj½ & ges‛kk Generation-(n.) – ¼tujs‛ku½ & ih<+h] oa‛k
O;k;keky;
Foreword-(n.) – ¼QksjoMZ½ & izLrkouk] Generic-(adj.) – ¼tSufjd½ & dqy dk
H
Hkwfedk Generous-(adj.) – ¼tSujl½ & nkuh
Habit-(n.) – ¼gSfcV½ & vknr
Forfeit-(vt.) – ¼QksjQhV½ & vf/kdkj [kks Gentle-(adj.) – ¼tSUVy½ & fouez] n;kyw
Habitual-(n.) – ¼gSchpqvy½ &vH;Lr] vknr
cSBuk Genuine-(adj.) – ¼tSU;qvu½ & vlyh gksuk
Forgive-(vt.) – ¼QkWjfxo½ & ekQ djuk Gesture-(n.) – ¼tSLpj½ & gko Hkko Hail-(n.) – ¼gsy½ & vksys
Forge-(n.) – ¼QkstZ½ & HkV~Vh Giant-(n.) – ¼tk;UV½ & nSR; Hail-(vt.) – ¼gsy½ & vksys iM+uk
Forge-(vt.) – ¼QkstZ½ & tkylkth djuk Giant-(adj.) – ¼tk;UV½ & fo‛kky Hair-(n.) – ¼gsvj½ & cky
Forget-(vt.) – ¼QxSV½ & Hkwy tkuk Gift-(n.) – ¼fx¶V½ & migkj Hale-(n.) – ¼gsy½ & LoLFk
Formal-(adj.) – ¼QkWeZy½ & vkSipkfjd Gift-(vt.) – ¼fx¶V½ & migkj nsuk Halt-(vt.) – ¼gkWYV½ &:duk] Bgjuk
Formality-(n.) – ¼QkWesZfyVh½ & Girlish-(adj.) – ¼xfyZ‛k½ & ydM+h dh rjg Hammer-(n.) – ¼gSej½ & gFkksM+k
vkSipkfjdrk Glad-(n.) – ¼XySM½ & [kq‛k Hammer-(vt.) – ¼gSej½ & ihVuk] ekjuk]
Forsake-(vt.) – ¼QkWjlsd½ & R;kxuk Glare-(vi.) – ¼Xysvj½ & peduk dwVuk
Fort- (n.) – ¼QksVZ½ & fdyk Foundation- Glide-(vi.) – ¼XykbM½ & fQlyuk Handful-(n.) – ¼gS MQqy½ & eqV~Bh Hkj
(n.) – ¼QkmUMs‛ku½ & uhao] laLFkkiuk Glimpse-(n.) – ¼fXyEIl½ & ÷kyd Handicap-(n.) – ¼gS MhdSi½ &det+ksjh
Founder-(n.) – ¼QkmUMj½ & laLFkkid Glorious-(n.) – ¼Xyksfj;l½ & csgrjhu Handicraft-(n.) – ¼gS MhØk¶V½ & gLr
Frank-(adj.) – ¼ÝSUd½ & Li’Voknh Glossary-(n.) – ¼XykWljh½ &‛kCndks‛k f‛kYi
Fraud-(n.) – ¼ÝkWM½ & /kks[ksckt] /kks[kk Goldsmith-(n.) – ¼xksYMfLeFk½ & lqukj Handiwork-(n.) – ¼gS MhodZ½ & gkFk dk
Freeze-(vt.) – ¼Ýht+½ & tek nsuk Goodness-(n.) – ¼xqMuSl½ & cM+Iiu] dke
Freight-(n.) – ¼ÝsV½ & eky] HkkM+k vPNkbZ Handkerchief- (n.) – ¼gSadjphQ½ &:eky
Freight-(vt.) – ¼ÝsV½ & tgkt ij eky Goodwill-(n.) – ¼xqMfoy½ & yksdfiz;rk Hang-(vti.) – ¼gSUx½ & yVdkuk
yknuk Gossip-(n.) – ¼xkWfli½ & xi‛ki Happiness-(n.) – ¼gSfiuSl½ & [kq‛kh] vkuUn
Frequent- (adj.) – ¼ÝhDosUV½ & ckj&ckj Grace- (n.) – ¼xzsl½ & n;k Happy-(adj.) – ¼gSih½ & [kq‛k
dk Gradual-(adj.) – ¼xzStqvy½ & fu;fer Harm- (vt.) – ¼gkeZ½ &gkfu igq¡pkuk
Frequently- (adv.) – ¼ÝhDosUVyh½ & Gradually-(n.) – ¼xzStqvyh½ & /khjs /khjs Harmful- (n.) – ¼gkeZQqy½ &gkfudkjd
vDlj] ckj&ckj Grain-(n.) – ¼xzsu½ & vukt] cht Haste-(n.) – ¼gsLV½ & tYnh
Friendly-(adj.) – ¼ÝSUMyh½ & fe«krkiwkZ Grand-(n.) – ¼xzS M½ & ‚kkunkj] fo‛kky Hatred-(n.) – ¼gsVªsM½ & uQjr] ?k` kk
Front-(n.) – ¼ÝUV½ & lkeus] vxyk Hkkx Grape-(n.) – ¼xzsi½ & vaxwj Haughty-(n.) – ¼gkWVh½ &?ke Mh
Fruit-(n.) – ¼ÝwV½ & Qy Grasp-(n.) – ¼xzSLi½ & idM+uk] fdlh ckr Havoc-(n.) – ¼gSod½ &fouk‛k] rckgh
Fulfill-(vt.) – ¼QqyfQy½ & iwjk djuk dks le÷k ysuk Headache-(n.) – ¼gSMsd½ &ljnnZ
Fun-(n.) – ¼Qu½ & [ksy Gratitude-(n.) – ¼xzSfVV~;wM½ & /kU;okn Heading-(n.) – ¼gSfMax½ & ‛kh’kZd
Fundamental-(n.) – ¼QUMkesUVy½ & Great-(n.) – ¼xzsV½ & egku Headstrong-(adj.) – ¼gSMLVªk¡x½ & gBh
ewyHkwr] ekSfyd Greatness-(n.) – ¼xzsVusl½ & egkurk Health-(n.) – ¼gSYFk½ &LokLF;
Furnish-(vt.) – ¼QfuZ‛k½ & lqlfTtr djuk Greed-(n.) – ¼xzhM½ &ykyp Healthy-(adj.) – ¼gSYnh½ &LoLFk
Furious-(adj.) – ¼¶;wfjvl½ & cgqr Øks/kh Greeting-(n.) – ¼xzhfVax½ & dq‛ky eaxy Heap- (n.) – ¼ghi½ & <sj
Further-(adv.) – ¼Qjnj½ & vkxs iwNuk Heap- (vt.) – ¼ghi½ & <sj yxkuk
Grief-(n.) – ¼xzhQ½ & nq[k Hear- (vti.) – ¼fg;j½ & lquuk
389
Hearsay- (n.) – ¼fg;jls½ &ppkZ] vQokg Humane-(adj.) – ¼g~;wesu½ &n;kyq Impose-(vt.) – ¼bEikst½ & Fkksiuk] /kks[kk
Heart-(n.) – ¼gkVZ½ & fny Humanity-(n.) – ¼g~;weSfuVh½ &euq’; tkfr nsuk
Hearty-(n.) – ¼gkVhZ½ & fny ls] gkfnZd Humble-(adj.) – ¼gECky½ &uez Impression-(n.) – ¼bEizS‛ku½ & izHkko
Heir-(n.) – ¼,vj½ & okfjl Humdrum-(adj.) – ¼gEMªe½ & ew[kZ Improvement-(n.) – ¼bEizwoesUV½ & mUufr]
Help-(vt.) – ¼gSYi½ & enn djuk Humid-(adj.) – ¼g~;wfeM½ &ue] xhyk rjDdh
Helpless-(n.) – ¼gSYiySl½ & etcwj Humidity-(n.) – ¼g~;wfefMVh½ &ueh] Impure-(n.) – ¼bEI;ksj½ & vifo=
Hence-(adv.) – ¼gSUl½ & vr%] blfy, xhykiu Inability-(n.) – ¼bu,fcfyVh½ & v;ksX;rk]
Herb-(n.) – ¼gcZ½ & tM+h cwVh Humour-(n.) – ¼g~;wej½ &gkL; vl{kerk
Herd-(n.) – ¼gMZ½ & tkuojksa dk >q M Hungry-(adj.) – ¼gaxzh½ &Hkw[kk Inaccurate-(adj.) – ¼bu,D;wjsV½ & v‛kq)]
Hereabout-(adv.) – ¼fg;jvckmV½ & vkl Hunt-(vt.) – ¼gUV½ &f‛kdkj djuk xyr
ikl Hunter-(n.) – ¼gUVj½ &f‛kdkjh Inactive-(adj.) – ¼bu,sfDVo½ & vkylh]
Hereafter-(adv.) – ¼fg;jvk¶Vj½ &Hkfo’; Hurriedly-(adv.) – ¼gfjMyh½ &tYnh esa csdkj
Inattentive- (adj.) – ¼buvVSfUVo½ &
esa] bl ds ckn Hurry-(n.) – ¼gfj½ &tYnh
Heredity-(n.) – ¼gSfjfMVh½ & oa‛k] ijaijkxr csijokg] cs[kcj
Hurry-(vt.) – ¼gfj½ &tYnh djuk Inaudible-(adj.) – ¼buvkWfMcy½ & tks
xq k Hygienic-(adj.) – ¼gkbftfud½ &LoPN] lqukbZ u iM+s
Hereunder-(adv.) – ¼fg;jvUMj½ & bldss dhVk kq jfgr
uhps Inaugurate-(vt.) – ¼buvkWXjsV½ & mn~?kkVu
Hymn-(n.) – ¼fge½ & xhr] izkFkZuk djuk
Herewith-(adv.) – ¼fg;jfon½ &blds lkFk Hypnotise-(v.t.) – ¼fgIuksVkbt+½ & lEeksfgr
Hero-(n.) – ¼ghjks½ &cgknqj] uk;d djuk] o‛k esa djuk Inauguration-(n.) – ¼buvkWXjs‛ku½ &
mn~?kkVu
Heroine-(n.) – ¼fgjksbu½ & ukf;dk Hypocrite-(v.t.) – ¼fgIkkØs kbV½ & <ksaxh] Inauspicious-(adj.) – ¼buvkWfLi‛kl½ &
Hesitation-(n.) – ¼gSt+hVs‛ku½ & ik[k Mh v‛kqHk
fgpfdpkgV I
Incapable-(adj.) – ¼budsiscy½ & v;ksX;
Highway-(n.) – ¼gkbZos½ & cM+h lM+d Icon-(n.) – ¼vkbdkWu½ & ewfrZ Incapacity-(n.) – ¼budiSflVh½ & v;ksX;rk
Hinder- (vt.) – ¼fgUMj½ & jksduk] vM+pu Ideal-(n.) – ¼vkbfMvy½ & vkn‛kZ
Incarnation-(n.) – ¼budkuZs‛ku½ & vorkj
Mkyuk Identity-(n.) – ¼vkbMSfUVVh½ & igpku Incident-(n.) – ¼bfUlMSUV½ & ?kVuk
Hindrance-(n.) – ¼fgUMªSUl½ & :dkoV Idiom-(n.) – ¼bfM;e½ & eqgkojk Include-(vt.) – ¼bUDY;wM½ & lfEefyr
Historian-(n.) – ¼fgLVksfj;u½ & Idiot-(n.) – ¼bZfM;V½ & ew[kZ
bfrgkldkj djuk
Idle-(adj.) – ¼vkbMy½ & csdkj] [kkyh] lqLr] Income-(n.) – ¼bUde½ & vkenuh
Historical-(adj.) – ¼fgLVksfjdy½ fudEek
&,sfrgkfld Incomparable-(adj.) – ¼budEisvjscy½ &
Idol-(n.) – ¼vkbMy½ & ewfrZ] izfrek vrqyuh;
Hoarse-(adj.) – ¼gkslZ½ &dBksj Ignite-(vt.) – ¼bXukbV½ & vkx yxkuk
Hobby-(n.) – ¼gkWch½ &‛kkSd Incompatible-(adj.) – ¼budEisfVcy½ &
Ignite-(vi.) – ¼bXukbV½ & vkx yxuk v;ksX;] csesy
Hold-(vt.) – ¼gksYM½ & idM+uk Ignorance-(n.) – ¼bXuksjsUl½ & vKkurk Incomplete-(adj.) – ¼budEIyhV½ & v/kwjk
Holiday-(n.) – ¼gkWfyMs½ &NqV~Vh Ignorant-(adj.) – ¼bXuksjsUV½ & vKku Inconvenient-(adj.) – ¼buduohfu;UV½ &
Hollow-(n.) – ¼gkWyks½ & [kkyh] ‛kwU; Ignore-(vt.) – ¼bXuksj½ & /;ku u nsuk vlqfo/kktud
Honest- (n.) – ¼vkWusLV½ &bZekunkj Ill-(n.) – ¼by½ & chekj Incorrect-(adj.) – ¼bUdjsDV½ & xyr
Honesty- (n.) – ¼vkWusLVh½ &bZekunkjh Illegal-(adj.) – ¼byhxy½ & voS/k Incorrigible-(adj.) – ¼bUdfjftcy½ &
Honorary-(adj.) – ¼gkWujjh½ &lEekunk;d Illegible-(adj.) – ¼bYySftcy½ & vLi’V] ftls lgh@Bhd u fd;k tk lds] vlk/;
Honourable- (adj.) – ¼vkWujscy½ &ekuuh; tks i<+k u tk lds Incredible-(adj.) – ¼buØSf³cy½ &
Horrible-(adj.) – ¼gkWfjcy½ &Hk;kud] Illiteracy-(n.) – ¼bfyVªslh½ & fuj{kjrk vfo‛oluh;
Mjkouk Illiterate-(adj.) – ¼bfyVªslh½ & vui<+ Increment-(n.) – ¼bfUØesUV½ & ykHk]
Horror-(n.)(adj.) – ¼gkWjj½ & Mj] Mjkouk Illness-(n.) – ¼byusl½ & jksx c<+ksrjh
Horse-(n.) – ¼gkWlZ½ & ?kksM+k Illogical- (adj.) – ¼bykWftdy½ & rdZjfgr] Incurable-(adj.) – ¼bUD;ksjscy½ & ftls
Horticulture-(n.) – ¼gkWVhdYpj½ & U;k; foijhr lgh@Bhd u fd;k tk lds] vlk/;
ckxokuh Illusion-(n.) – ¼bY;wt+u½ & Hkze Indeed-(adv.) – ¼bUMhM½ &okLro esa
Hospitality-(n.) – ¼gkWfLiVSfyVh½ & Immature-(adj.) – ¼bEeSP;ksj½ &v/kwjk] Index-(n.) – ¼b MSDl½ & fu‛kku] fpUg
esgekunkjh] vfrfFk lRdkj dPpk Index-(vt.) – ¼b MSDl½ & lwph esa fy[kuk
Host-(n.) – ¼gksLV½ & esgekunkjh djus okyk Impatient-(adj.) – ¼bEis‛ksUV½ & v/khj] Indicate-(vt.) – ¼bfUMdsV½ & b‛kkjk djuk
Hostel - (n.) – ¼gkWLVy½ & Nk=kokl ftls /kS;Z u gks Indication-(n.) – ¼bf Mds‛ku½ & b‛kkjk
Hostile-(n.) – ¼gkWLVkby½ & ‛k«kq Impeach-(vt.) – ¼bEihp½ & nks’kh Bgjkuk Indicator-(n.) – ¼bf MdsVj½ & funsZ‛k nsus
House- (n.) – ¼gkml½ & ?kj Imperfect-(adj.) – ¼bEijQSDV½ & tks okyk
Household- (adj.) – ¼gkmlgksYM½ & ijQSDV u gks Indifference-(n.) – ¼bf MQjsUl½ &
x`gLFkh dk] ?kjsyw Imperil-(vt.) – ¼beisfjy½ & tksf[ke esa fu’i{krk
Housewife-(n.) – ¼gkmlokbZQ½ Mkyuk Indifferent-(adj.) – ¼bf MQjsUV½ & fu’i{k
&x`gLokfeuh] ?kjokyh Import-(vt.) – ¼bEikVs½Z & fons‛k ls eky dk Indigestion-(n.) – ¼b Mkbts‛pu½ &
Hover- (vi.) – ¼goj½ & eaMjkuk vk;kr djuk cngt+eh
Human-(adj.) – ¼g~;weu½ &ekuo Indigo-(n.) – ¼bfUMxks½ & uhy
390
Indirect- (adj.) – ¼buMk;jSDV½ & vizR;{k Insane-(adj.) – ¼bulsu½ & ikxy Investigate-(vt.) – ¼bUoSLVhxsV½ &Nkuchu
Indirectly- (adv.) – ¼buMk;jSDVyh½ & Insanity-(n.) – ¼bulSfuVh½ & ikxyiu djuk
vizR;{k :i ls Inscription-(n.) – ¼bUlfØI‛ku½ & [kqnk Invincible-(adj.) – ¼bfUofUlcy½ &vts;]
Individual-(n.) – ¼bf Mfotqvy½ & gqvk] f‛kykys[k ftls gjk;k u tk lds
O;fDrxr Insert-(vt.) – ¼bUlVZ½ & ?kqlkuk] Mky nsuk Invisible-(adj.) – ¼bfUoft+cy½ &ftls ns[kk
Indoor-(adj.) – ¼bUMksj½ & vUnj] ?kjsyw Insoluble-(adj.) &¼bUlkWY;qcy½ & tks ?kqy u tk lds
Induct-(vt.) – ¼b MDV½ & izkjEHk djuk u lds Invitation- (n.) – ¼bfUoVs‛ku½ &cqykok
Induce-(vt.) – ¼b M~;wl½ & iszfjr djuk] Insolvent-(n.) – ¼bulkWyoSUV½ & fnokfy;k Invite-(vt.) – ¼bUokbV½ & vkeaf«kr djuk
mdlkuk Insomnia-(n.) – ¼bulkWfEu;k½ & uhan u Invocation-(n.) – ¼bUoksds‛ku½ & j{kk ds
Industrious-(adj.) – ¼b MfLVª;l½ & vkus okyk jksx fy, vkg~okgu
ifjJeh Inspiration-(n.) – ¼bUlfijs‛ku½ & Invoice-(n.) – ¼bUokWbl½ & pkyku] fcy
Inequity-(n.) – ¼bubfDoVh½ &vlekurk izksRlkgu] izsj kk Invoke-(vt.) – ¼bUoksd½ & j{kk ds fy,
Inert-(adj.) – ¼buVZ½ & vkylh] tM+] lqLr Instance-(n.) – ¼bUlVSUl½ & iy] {k k vkg~okgu djuk
Inertia-(n.) – ¼buf‛kZ;k½ & vkyL;] tM+rk Instant-(adj.) – ¼bUlVSUV½ & rqjUr Involve-(vt.) – ¼bUokWYo½ & lfEefyr djuk
Inevitable-(adj.) – ¼bu,sfoVscy½ & Institute-(n.) – ¼bfULVV~;wV½ & laLFkk Iron-(n.) – ¼vk;ju½ &yksgk
vfuok;Z Institute-(vt.) – ¼bfULVV~;wV½ & uhao Mkyuk] Iron-(vt.) – ¼vk;ju½ &bL«kh¼izSl½ djuk
Infant-(n.) – ¼bUQSUV½ & cPpk ]uotkr f‛k‛kq LFkkfir djuk Irony-(n.) – ¼vk;juh½ &O;ax
Inferior-(adj.) – ¼buQhfjvj½ & ?kfV;k] Instruct-(vt.) – ¼bUlVªDV½ & vkns‛k nsuk Irregular-(adj.) – ¼bj~jSxqyj½ & vfu;fer]
csdkj Instructor-(n.) – ¼bUlVªDVj½ & f‛k{kd] Vs<+k&es<+k] csMkSy
Inferiority-(n.) – ¼buQhfjvkWfjVh½ & v/;kid Irregularity-(n.) – ¼bj~jSxqySfjVh½
ghurk] uhprk Instrument-(n.) – ¼bUlVªqesaV½ & vkStkj &vfu;ferrk
Infinite-(n.) – ¼bufQfuV½ & vuUr Insufficient-(adj.) – ¼bulQhf‛k;UV½ & Irrelevant-(adj.) – ¼bj~jSysosUV½ &vlaxr]
Infinity-(n.) – ¼bufQfufV½ & vuUrrk vi;kZIr cstksM+
Inflammation- (n.) – ¼bu¶yses‛ku½ & Insult-(vt.) – ¼bulYV½ & vieku djuk Irreparable-(adj.) – ¼bj~fjis;jscy½ & tks
lwtu] tyu Insurance-(n.) – ¼bU‛;ksjsal½ & chek lq/kkj ds ;ksX; u gks
Inflammatory-(adj.) – ¼bu¶ysesVjh½ & Integrity-(n.) – ¼bUVhfxzVh½ &lPpkbZ] Irrigation-(n.) – ¼bfjxs‛ku½ & flapkbZ
HkM+dkus okyk] tykus okyk bZekunkjh Irrigate-(vt.) – ¼bfjxsV½ & lhapuk
Inflate-(vt.) – ¼bu¶ysV½ & Qqykuk] gok Intend-(vt.) – ¼bUVS M½ & bPNk djuk Irritate-(vt.) – ¼bfjVsV½ & ijs‛kku djuk
Hkjuk Intense-(adj.) – ¼bUVSUl½ & rst] cgqr Island-(n.) – ¼vk;yS M½ &}hi] Vkiw
Infringe-(vi.) – ¼bfUÝUt½ & mYya?ku Interference-(n.) – ¼baVjfQvjSUl½ J
djuk] u ekuuk &:dkoV] ck/kk Jail -(n.) – ¼tsy½ & dkjkxkj
Influence-(n.) – ¼bU¶yq,Ul½ & izHkko Interim-(adj.) – ¼baVfje½ & chp ds le; Jam -(n.) – ¼tSe½ & eqjCck
Influence-(vt.) – ¼bU¶yq,Ul½ & izHkko dk] vYidkyhu Jam -(vt.) – ¼tSe½ & nckuk] ehpuk
Mkyuk Interlink-(n.) – ¼baVjfyad½ &dfM+;ksa dks Jaundice-(n.) – ¼tkWfUMl½ & ihfy;k jksx
Influential-(adj.) – ¼bU¶yq,fU‛k;y½ & tksM+ nsuk Jaunty -(adj.) – ¼tkWUVh½ & jaxhyk
izHkko‛kkyh Internal-(adj.) – ¼baVuZy½ &vanj dk Jaw -(n.) – ¼tkW½ & tcM+k
Informal-(adj.) – ¼buQkWeZy½ & Interpret-(vti.) – ¼baVjizsV½ &O;k[;k djuk] Jealousy-(n.) – ¼tSylh½ & tyu] bZ’;kZ
vukSipkfjd vFkZ fudkyuk Jerk -(n.) – ¼tdZ½ & ÷kVdk
Information-(n.) – ¼buQkWesZ‛ku½ & lwpuk Interrupt-(vt.) – ¼baVªIV½ & n[ky nsuk
Inhabitant-(n.) – ¼bUgSfcVSUV½ & fuoklh Jewel-(n.) – ¼T;wy½ & jRu
Interval-(n.) – ¼baVjoy½ &fojke Jewellery- (n.) – ¼T;wyjh½ & tokgjkr
Inhale-(vt.) – ¼bUgsy½ & Lkk¡l ysuk Intervene-(vi.) – ¼baVjohu½ & chp esa vkuk Jingle -(n.) – ¼ftUxy½ & VuVukgV]
Inherit-(vt.) – ¼bUgSfjVSUl½ & iSr`d lEifRr Intervention-(n.) – ¼baVjoSU‛ku½ &gLr{ksi ÷kudkj
;k /ku ikuk] mÙkjkf/kdkj esa ikuk Intestine-(n.) – ¼baVsLVkbu½ & vkar Jingle -(vti.) – ¼ftUxy½ & VuVukgV
Inheritance-(n.) – ¼bUgSfjVSUl½ & iSr`d Intimacy-(n.) – ¼baVheslh½ & fudVrk djuk] ÷ku÷kukuk
lEifRr ;k /ku Intimate-(adj.) – ¼bafVesV½ & ?kfu’V Journalist-(n.) – ¼tuZfyLV½ & i«kdkj
Inhuman-(adj.) – ¼bUg~;weu½ & funZ;h Intimate-(vt.) – ¼bafVesV½ & lwpuk nsuk
Initial-(n.) – ¼buhf‛k;y½ & igyk] izkjEHk dk Journey-(n.) – ¼tuhZ½ & ;k«kk
Intimation-(n.) – ¼bafVes‛ku½ & lwpuk Joy-(n.) – ¼tkW;½ & et+k] vkuUn
Initially-(adv.) – ¼buhf‛k;yh½ & igys]
Intimidate-(vt.) – ¼bfUVfeMsV½ & Mjkuk] Judicial-(adj.) – ¼T;qfMf‛k;y½ & U;k;
izkjEHk esa
/kedkuk lEcU/kh
Initiate-(vt.) – ¼buhf‛k,V½ & izkjEHk djuk
Intrigue-(n.) – ¼b Vªhx½ & lkft‛k] ‘kM+;a«k Juggle-(vt.) – ¼txy½ & tknwxjh djuk]
Initiative-(n.) – ¼buhf‛k,fVo½ & ‚kq# djus
Intrude-(vt.) – ¼baVª;wM½ &fcuk btktr ds ckthxjh djuk
dh ftEesnkjh ysuk
?kqluk Juggler-(n.) – ¼txyj½ & tknwxj] ckthxj
Injury-(n.) – ¼bUtjh½ & uqdlku] pksV
Invade-(vt.) – ¼bUosM½ &vkØe k djuk Juice-(n.) – ¼twl½ & fdlh Qy ;k lCth
Inn-(n.) – ¼bu½ & ljk;] /keZ‛kkyk
Invalid-(n.) – ¼bUoSfyM½ &voS/k] xyr dk jl
Innate-(n.) – ¼bUusV½ & LokHkkfod
Invasion-(n.) – ¼bUost+u½ &p<+kbZ] vkØe k Juncture-(n.) – ¼taDpj½ & feyus dk
Innocence-(n.) – ¼bukslSUl½ & Hkksykiu Invention-(n.) – ¼bUoSU‛ku½ & vkfo’dkj LFkku] tksM+] mfpr le;
Innocent-(adj.) – ¼bukslSUV½ & HkksykHkkyk Junior -(n.)– ¼twfu;j½& mez ;k in esa NksVk
Inquire-(vti.) – ¼bUDok;j½ & iwNrkN djuk
391
Just-(adj.) – ¼tLV½ & U;kf;d] mfpr Landscape-(n.) – ¼yS MLdsi½ & ftruh Liquidity- (n.) – ¼fyfDofMVh½ & rjyrk]
Just-(adv.) – ¼tLV½ & vHkh i`Foh ,d ckj esa fn[kkbZ ns ¼,d n`‛; esa½ nzoRo
Justice-(n.) – ¼tfLVl½ & U;k; Landslide-(n.) – ¼yS MLdsi½ & HkwL[kyu Liquor-(n.) – ¼fydj½ & ‚kjkc
Justify-(vt.) – ¼tfLVQk;½ & lgh lkfcr Lane-(n.) – ¼ysu½ & xyh Literacy-(n.) – ¼fyVjslh½ & lk{kjrk
djuk Language-(n.) – ¼ySUXost½ & Hkk’kk Livelihood-(n.) – ¼ykbofygqM½ & thfodk
Juvenile-(adj.) – ¼T;wfoukby½ & cpdkuk] Lantern-(n.) – ¼yS VuZ½ & ykyVsu Live-(vi.) – ¼fyo½ & jguk] thfor jguk
yM+diu Lap-(n.) – ¼ySi½ & xksn Liver-(n.) – ¼fyoj½ & dystk
K Large-(adj.) – ¼yktZ½ & fo‛kky Livestock-(n.) – ¼ykboLVkWd½ & eos‛kh]
Keen-(adj.) – ¼dhu½ & mRlqd Lash-(vt.) – ¼yS‛k½ & dksM+s ekjuk tkuoj
Keep-(vt.) – ¼dhi½ & j[kuk Last-(adj.) – ¼ykLV½ & vkf[kjh] vfUre Lockup-(n.) – ¼ykWdi½ & cUnhx`g
Kernel-(n.) – ¼djusy½ & nkuk] cht] eq[; Laud-(adj.) – ¼ykmM½ & iz‛kalk] rst vkokt Lofty-(adj.) – ¼yks¶Vh½ & ¡pk] cM+k] ?ke Mh
Hkkx Laud-(vt.) – ¼ykmM½ & iz‛kalk djuk Logic-(n.) – ¼ykWftd½ & rdZ
Kerosene-(n.) – ¼dSjksflu½ & feV~Vh dk Lavish-(adj.) – ¼ySfo‛k½ & foykflrk iwkZ Lonely-(adj.) – ¼yksUyh½ & vdsyk
rsy Lavish-(vt.) – ¼ySfo‛k½ & [kpZ djuk] iSlk Longevity-(n.) – ¼ykWfUxfoVh½ & yEch mez
Kettle-(n.) – ¼dSVy½ & dsryh yqVkuk Longing-(n.) – ¼ykWfUxax½ & vfHkyk’kk
Key-(n.) – ¼dh½ & pkch] eq[; Hkkx Law- (n.) – ¼ykW½ & dkuwu Longitude-(n.) – ¼ykWfUxV~;wM½ & ns‛kkUrj
Kill-(vt.) – ¼fdy½ & ekjuk Lawful- (adj.) – ¼ykWQqy½ & U;k;ksfpr Lotus-(n.) – ¼yksVl½ & dey dk Qwy
Kill-(adj.) – ¼fdfyax½ & o‛k esa dj ysuk Lawless-(adj.) – ¼ykWySl½ & U;k; fo#) Love-(n.) – ¼yo½ & I;kj
okyk] tcjnLr Lawyer-(n.) – ¼ykW;j½ & odhy Love-(vt.) – ¼yo½ & I;kj djuk
Kin-(n.) – ¼fdu½ & fj‛rsnkj] laca/kh Lazy-(adj.) – ¼yst+h½ & lqLr Loving-(adj.) – ¼yfoax½ & I;kjk
Kind-(adj.) – ¼dkbUM½ & n;kyw] fouez Leap-(vt.) – ¼yhi½ & dwnuk] mNyuk Low-(adj.) (adv.)– ¼yks½ & de] uhpk
Kindergarten-(n.) – ¼fdUMjxkVZu½ & NksVs Lecture-(n.) – ¼ySDpj½ & mins‛k] Hkk’k k Low-(vti.) – ¼yksvj½ & de djuk
cPpksa dk Ldwy Lecture-(vt.) – ¼ySDpj½ & mins‛k nsuk] Loyalty-(n.) – ¼ykW;yVh½ & lPpkbZ]
Kindle-(vt.) – ¼fdUMy½ & tykuk Hkk’k k nsuk bZekunkjh
Kindly-(adv.) – ¼fdUMyh½ & fouezrk ls Legal-(adj.) – ¼yhxy½ & dkuwuh] oS| Lucid-(adj.) – ¼Y;wflM½ & pedhyk] lkQ
Kinship- (n.) – ¼fduf‛ki½ & fj‛rk Legible-(adj.) – ¼ySftcy½ & lkQ lqFkjk] Lucrative-(adj.) – ¼Y;wØsfVo½ & Qk;nsean
Kiss- (vt.) – ¼fdl½ & pweuk tks vklkuh ls i<+k tk lds Lukewarm-(adj.) – ¼Y;wdokWeZ½ & xquxquk
Kite-(n.) – ¼dkbV½ & phy] irax Leisure-(adj.) – ¼yS‛k+j½ & [kkyh] QqlZr Lunacy-(n.) – ¼Y;wusfl½ & ikxyiu
Kitchen-(n.) – ¼fdpu½ & jlksbZ Lengthy-(adj.) – ¼ySUFkh ;k ySUnh½ & yEck Lunatic-(adj.) – ¼Y;wusfVd½& ikxy] lUkdh
Knead-(vt.) – ¼uhM½ & xwaFkuk] eaMuk Leniency-(n.) – ¼yhfuvUlh½ & uehZ Lust-(n.) – ¼yLV½ & yksHk] ykyp
Knit-(vt.) – ¼fuV½ & cquuk Lenient-(adj.) – ¼yhfuvUV½ & ueZ Lust-(vi.) – ¼yLV½ & yksHk djuk] ykyp
Knock-(vt.) – ¼ukWd½ & [kV[kVkuk Lessen-(vt.) – ¼ySlu½ & de djuk] ?kVkuk djuk] dke Hkksx dh bPNk djuk
Knot-(n.) – ¼ukWV½ & ca/ku] xkaB Lesson-(n.) – ¼ySlu½ & ikB Luxurious-(adj.) – ¼yXt+hfj;l ;k
Knot-(vt.) – ¼ukWV½ & xkaB ck¡/kuk Let-(vt.) – ¼ySV½ & djus nsuk] djus dh yXt+qfj;l½ & foyklh] vkuUnh
Knowingly- (adv.) – ¼uksbaxyh½ & vkKk nsuk Luxury- (n.) – ¼yXt+jh½ & Hkksx foykl]
tkucw÷kdj Lexicon-(n.) – ¼ySfDldu½ & ‚kCndks’k lq[k Hkksx
Knowledge- (n.) – ¼ukWyst½ & Kku Liability-(n.) – ¼yk;fcfYkVh½ & mÙkjnkf;Ro] M
L ft+Eesnkjh Machine- (n.) – ¼e‛khu½ & ;a«k
Label-(n.) – ¼yscy½ & lwpd i«k Liable-(adj.) – ¼yk;cy½ & mÙkjnk;h] Mad-(n.) – ¼eSM½ & ikxy
Laboratory-(n.) – ¼yscksjsVjh½ & iz;ksx‛kkyk ft+Eesnkj Madden-(vt.) – ¼eSMu½ & ikxy cukuk
Laborious-(adj.) – ¼yscksfj;l½ & esgurh Liberal-(adj.) – ¼fycjy½ & uez] vktkn Magic- (n.) – ¼eSftd½ & tknw
Labour-(vt.) – ¼yscj½ & etnwjh djuk] Liberate-(vt.) – ¼fycjsV½ & vktkn djuk Magical- (adj.) – ¼eSftdy½ & tknqbZ
ifjJe djuk Liberty-(n.) – ¼fycVhZ½ & vktknh Magician- (n.) – ¼eSftf‛k;u½ & tknwxj
Labourer-(n.) – ¼yscj~j½ & etnwj Librarian-(n.) – ¼ykbczsfjvu½ & Magnificent-(adj.) – ¼eSfXufQlsaV½ &
Lace-(n.) – ¼ysl½ & Mksjh iqLrdk/;{k tcjnLr] fo‛kky
Lace-(vt.) – ¼yl s ½ & Mksjh ls ck¡/kuk Licence-(n.) – ¼ykblsUl½ & vf/kdkj i«k Mail-(n.) – ¼esy½ & Mkd
Lack-(n.) – ¼ySd½ & deh License-(vt.) – ¼ykblsUl½ & vf/kdkj nsuk Mail-(vt.) – ¼esy½ & Mkd esa Mkyuk
Lad-(n.) – ¼ySM½ & yM+dk Lid-(n.) – ¼fyM½ & <Ddu Maintain-(vt.) – ¼esUVsu½ & j[kuk] laHkkyuk
Lamb- (n.) – ¼ySEc½ & HksM+ dk cPpk] eseuk Lie-(n.) – ¼yk;½ & ÷kwB Maintenance-(n.) – ¼esUVsUksUl½ & j[kj[kko
Lame-(n.) – ¼yse½ & y¡xM+k Lie-(vt.) – ¼yk;½ & ÷kwB cksyuk Maize-(n.) – ¼est+½ & eDdk
Lament-(n.) – ¼ysesUV½ & ‚kksd Lifelong- (adj.) – ¼ykbQyk¡x½ & ftUnxh Major-(adj.) – ¼estj½ & cM+k] ckfyx
Lament-(vt.) – ¼ysesUV½ & ‚kksd djuk] Hkj Majority-(n.) – ¼estksfjVh½ & cgqer]
foyki djuk Limit-(vt.) – ¼fyfeV½ & gn] nk;jk vf/kdrk
Landlord-(n.) – ¼yS MykWMZ½ & edku Limited-(adj.) – ¼fyfefVM½ & lhfer Mammoth-(adj.) – ¼eSeFk½ & fo‛kky] egku
ekfyd] tehankj Liquid-(n.) – ¼fyfDoM½ & nzo Manage- (vti.) – ¼eSust½ & laHkkyuk]
Landmark-(n.) – ¼yS MekdZ½ & dksbZ fpUg] Liquidate-(vt.) – ¼fyfDoMsV½ & fglkc iwjk cankscLr djuk] izcU/k djuk
,sfrgkfld ?kVuk djuk] dtZ pqdkuk
392
Manageable-(adj.) – ¼eSusft,cy½ & Measure-(n.) – ¼eS‛k+jscy ;k eSt+jscy½ & Monotony-(n.) – ¼eukWVuh½ & ,d Loj]
izcU/kuh; ekius ;ksX;] ukius ;ksX; ,d vkokt
Management-(n.) – ¼eSustesaV½ & izcU/k Measure-(vt.) – ¼eS‛k+j ;k eSt+j½ & ekiuk] Monsoon-(n.) – ¼ekWulwu½ & ekulwu
Manager-(n.) – ¼eSustj½ & izcU/kd ukiuk Mood-(n.) – ¼ewM½ & LoHkko
Mandatory-(adj.) – ¼eSUMsVjh½ & vfuok;Z Mechanic-(n.) – ¼esdsfud½ & dkjhxj Moody-(adj.) – ¼ewMh½ & fpM+fpM+k
Manifesto-(n.) – ¼eSuhQSLVks½ & ?kks’k kk i«k Medal-(n.) – ¼eSMy½ & ind Moon-(n.) – ¼ewu½ & pUnzek Moral-
Manifold-(adj.) – ¼eSuhQksYM½ & fofo/k] Meddle-(vt.) – ¼eSMy½ & n[ky nsuk (adj.) – ¼ekWjy½ & uSfrd
dbZ] ukuk izdkj ds Mediate-(vt.) – ¼ehfM;sV½ & chp esa iM+uk Morality-(n.) – ¼ekWjSfyVh½ & vPNk vkpj k]
Manipulate-(vt.) – ¼eSuhI;qysV½ & pkykdh Memorable-(adj.) – ¼eSejscy½ & ;knxkj lnkpkj
ls dke djuk Memory-(n.) – ¼eSejh½ & ;kn Moreover-(adv.) – ¼eksjksoj½ & flok;
Mankind-(n.) – ¼eSudkbUM½ & ekuo tkfr Mental-(adj.) – ¼eSUVy½ & ekufld blds] vkSj Hkh
Manner-(n.) – ¼eSuj½ & vkpj k Mentality-(n.) – ¼eSUVSfyVh½ & lksp Mount-(n.) – ¼ekmUV½ & ¡pk] f‛k[kj] igkM+
Manoeuvre-(n.) – ¼eSuqoj½ & dq‛kyrk] Mention-(n.) – ¼eSU‛ku½ & ppkZ] o kZu Mount-(vti.) – ¼ekmUV½ & p<+uk
pkykdh Mention-(vt.) – ¼eSU‛ku½ & ppkZ djuk] Move-(vt.) – ¼ewo½ & fgykuk
Manual-(adj.) – ¼eSuqvy½ & gkFk ls fd;k o kZu djuk Mum- (n.) – ¼ee½ & pqi
x;k] NksVh fdrkc Mercy-(n.) – ¼elhZ½ & n;k Murmur-(vt.) – ¼eeZj½ & cM+cM+kuk
Manufacture-(vt.) – ¼eSuqQSDpj½ & cukuk] Meritorious-(adj.) – ¼eSfjVksfj;l½ & xq kh] Mushroom-(n.) – ¼e‛k#e½ & dqdqjeqÙkk
fuekZ k djuk xq koku Music-(n.) – ¼E;wft+d½ & laxhr
Maraud- (vti.) – ¼ejkWM½ & ywVuk Mesmerize-(vt.) – ¼eSLejkbt+½ & lEeksfgr Musical-(adj.) – ¼E;wft+dy½ & lqjhyk
Marble- (n.) – ¼ekcZy½ & laxejej djuk Musician-(n.) – ¼E;wt+hf‛k;u½ & laxhrdkj
Marine-(adj.) – ¼ejhu½ & leqnzh Message-(n.) – ¼eSlst½ & lans‛k Myriad-(adj.) – ¼fefj;kM½ & dbZ
Marital-(adj.) – ¼eSfjVy½ & fookg lEcU/kh Mid- (adj.) – ¼feM½ & chp dk N
Mark-(n.) – ¼ekdZ½ & fpUg] fu‛kku Midst- (n.) – ¼feM~LV½ & chp esa Nab- (vt.) – ¼uSc½ & nckspuk] idM+uk
Mark-(vti.) – ¼ekdZ½ & fpUg yxkuk] fu‛kku Might-(n.) – ¼ekbV½ & ‚kfDr] rkdr Nail-(n.) – ¼usy½ & uk[kqu
yxkuk Mighty-(adj.) – ¼ekbVh½ & ‚kfDr‛kkyh Naked -(adj.) – ¼usdsM½ & uaxk
Marriage-(n.) – ¼eSfjt½ & fookg] ‚kknh Million-(n.) – ¼fefy;u½ & 10 yk[k #i;s Nameless-(adj.) – ¼useySl½ & xqeuke
Married-(adj.) – ¼eSfjM½ & fookfgr Millionaire-(adj.) – ¼fefyusvj½ & y[kifr Namesake-(adj.) – ¼uselsd½ & geuke
Marvelous-(adj.) – ¼ekoZyl½ & cgqr Mimic-(vt.) – ¼fefed½ & udy djuk Nap-(n.) – ¼uSi½ & ÷kidh] ¡?k
tcjnLr Minimize-(vt.) – ¼fefuekbt+½ & de djuk Nap-(vt.) – ¼uSi½ & ÷kidh ysuk] ¡?kuk
Masculine-(adj.) – ¼eSLdqfyu½ & enkZuk] Minimum-(adj.) – ¼fefuee½ & de ls de
fnysj Napkin-(n.) – ¼uSfIdu½ &#eky
Minor-(adj.) – ¼ekbuj½ & NksVk] ukckfyx Narrate-(vti.) – ¼ujsV½ & c;ku djuk
Mash-(vt.) – ¼eS‛k½ & dqpyuk] elyuk
Minority-(n.) – ¼ekbukWfjVh½ & vYier Narration-(n.) – ¼uSjs‛ku½ & o kZu
Masque-(n.) – ¼ekLd½ & ?kwa?kV] cukoVh
Mint-(n.) – ¼feUV½ & iqnhuk Narrow-(adj.) – ¼uSjks½ & ladjk
psgjk
Miracle-(n.) – ¼fejsdy½ & peRdkj Nationality-(n.) – ¼uS‛kuSfyVh½ & jk’Vªh;rk
Massacre-(n.) – ¼eSlsdj½ & ujgR;k
Miraculous-(adj.) – ¼fejsD;qyl½ & Native-(n.) – ¼usfVo½ & ewy fuoklh
Massacre-(vt.) – ¼eSlsdj½ & ujgR;k
peRdkfjd Natural-(adj.) – ¼uSpqjy½ & LokHkkfod]
djuk] lagkj djuk
Mire-(n.) – ¼ek;j½ & nyny] dhpM+ izkd`frd
Massage-(n.) – ¼elkt½ & ekfy‛k
Massive-(adj.) – ¼eSflo½ & fo‛kky] ‚kkunkj Mirror-(n.) – ¼fejj½ & ‚kh‛kk Nature-(n.) – ¼uspj½ & LoHkko] izd`fr
Masterpiece-(n.) – ¼ekLVjihl½ & Js’B Mischief-(n.) – ¼feLphQ½ & uqdlku] Naughty-(adj.) – ¼ukWVh½ & ‚kjkjrh
‚kjkjr Navigation-(n.) – ¼uSfoxs‛ku½ & ty Ik;ZVu
dke
Misguide-(vt.) – ¼feLxkbM½ & cgdkuk] Necessary-(adj.) – ¼uSlsljh½ & t+#jh
Mat-(n.) – ¼eSV½ & pVkbZ
HkVdkuk Necessity-(n.) – ¼uSlsflVh½ & vko‛;drk
Match-(n.) – ¼eSp½ & ekfpl] ;q)
Mislead-(vt.) – ¼feLyhM½ & cgdkuk] Needle-(n.) – ¼uhMy½ & lqbZ
Match-(vt.) – ¼eSp½ & cjkcj djuk] cjkcjh HkVdkuk
djuk Nefarious-(adj.) – ¼fuQsfj;l½ & egkikih
Misplace- (vt.) – ¼felIysl½ & xyr txg
Mathematics-(n.) – ¼eSFksesfVDl½ & xf kr Negation-(n.) – ¼fuxs‛ku½ & udkjkRedrk]
ij j[kuk
Matrimony-(n.) – ¼eSfVªeuh½ & fookg Mockery-(n.) – ¼ekWdjh½ & g¡lh] migkl
eukgh
Matter-(n.) – ¼eSVj½ & ekeyk Neglect-(vt.) – ¼uSXySDV½ & /;ku u nsuk
Moist-(adj.) – ¼ekWbLV½ & xhyk] ue] Hkhxk
Mature-(adj.) – ¼eSP;ksj½ & le÷knkj] Negligence-(n.) – ¼uSfXytsUl½ & ykijokgh
Moment-(n.) – ¼ekWesUV½ & {k k] iy
iDdk] rS;kj Negligent-(adj.) – ¼uSfXytsUV½ & ykijokg
Momentary-(adj.) – ¼ekWesUVjh½ & {kf kd
Maturity-(n.) – ¼eSP;ksfjVh½ & le÷knkjh] Negotiate-(vti.) – ¼uSxksf‛k,V½ & eksy Hkko
;kfu ,d iy dk
iDdkiu djuk
Momentous-(adj.) – ¼ekWesUVl½ & egRoiwkZ
Maximum-(adj.) – ¼eSfDlee½ & vf/kdre Negotiation-(n.) – ¼uSxksf‛k,‛ku½ & eksy
Monologue-(n.) – ¼eksuksykWx½ & ,d O;fDr
Meantime-(adv.) – ¼ehuVkbe½ & rc rd] ds }kjk cksyh x;h ckr
Hkko
bl chp Neighbour-(n.) – ¼uscj½ & iM+kslh
Monopoly-(n.) – ¼eukWiyh½ & ,dkf/kdkj]
Meanwhile-(adv.) – ¼ehuokby½ & rc fdlh pht dks cspus dk leLr vf/kdkj New-(adj.) – ¼U;w½ & u;k
rd] bl chp Newly-(adv.) – ¼U;wyh½ & u;k u;k
393
News-(n.) – ¼U;wt+½ & lekpkj Opportunity-(n) – ¼vkWijP;wfuVh½ & volj Parallel-(adj.) – ¼iSjSyy½ &lekukUrj
Newspaper-(n.) – ¼U;wt+isij½ & v[kckj Oppose-(n) – ¼vikst+½ & fojks/k djuk Paralysis-(n.) – ¼iSjkykbfll½ &ydok jksx
Nickname-(n.) – ¼fuduse½ & miuke Optimistic-(n) – ¼vkWfIVfefLVd½ & Paramount-(n.) – ¼iSjkekm V½ & izeq[k]
Niece-(n.) – ¼uhl½ & HkkUth] Hkrhth vk‛kkoknh cM+k] iz/kku
Nightmare-(n.) – ¼ukbVes;j½ & nq%LoIu] Oral-(n) – ¼vksjy½ & ekSf[kd Parasite-(n.) – ¼iSjklkbV½ & ijthoh]
Mjkouk Orator-(n) – ¼vksjsVj½ & oDrk eq¶r[kksj
Nominal-(adj.) – ¼ukWfeuy½ & ukeek«k dk Ordinary-(n) – ¼vkWfMZujh½ & lk/kkj k Parity-(n.) –¼iSfjVh½&lekurk
Nominate-(vt.) – ¼ukfeusV½ & uketn Ornament-(n) – ¼vkWukZesaV½ & vkHkw’k k Parliament- (n.) – ¼ikfyZ;kesUV½ &laln
djuk Orphan-(n) – ¼vkWQZu½ & vukFk Part-(n.) – ¼ikVZ½ & Hkkx
Nominee-(n.) –¼ukfeuh½&uketn fd;k gqvk Ostrich – (n) – ¼vkWfLVªp½ & ‚kqrqjeqxZ Partial-(adj.) – ¼ikf‛kZ;y½ & i{kikrh]
Noon- (n.) – ¼uwu½ & nksigj Otherwise-(n) – ¼vnjokbt+½ & vU;Fkk] vkaf‛kd
Notable-(adj.) – ¼uksVscy½ & izfl) iq#’k] ojuk Partiality-(n.) – ¼ikf‛kZ;SfyVh½ & i{kikr
izfl) OkLrq Outcome-(n) – ¼vkmVde½ & ifj kke Participate-(vt.) – ¼ikfVZflisV½ &Hkkx ysuk]
Notation-(n.) – ¼uksVs‛ku½ & fpUg Outline- (n) – ¼vkmVykbu½ & #ijs[kk ck¡Vuk
Numerous-(adj.) – ¼U;wej~l½ & dbZ Outrage -(vti.) – ¼vkmVjst½ & vR;kpkj Participation-(n.) – ¼ikfVZflis‛ku½ &
Novelty-(n.) – ¼ukWoYVh½ & u;kiu] uohurk djuk c¡Vokjk
Nurse-(vt.) – ¼ulZ½ & ikyuk Outsider-(n) – ¼vkmVlkbMj½ & ckgjh Particle-(n.) – ¼ikfVZdy½ & ,d Hkkx
Nurture-(vt.) – ¼upZj½ & ikyuk O;fDr Particular-(Adj.) – ¼ifVZD;qyj½ & fo‛ks’k]
O Outskirts-(n) – ¼vkmVLDVZl~½ & ljgn] ,d ckr
Oat - (n) – ¼vksV½ & tkS fdukjk] nwjnjkt Particularly-(Adv.) – ¼ifVZD;qyjyh½ &
Outstanding-(n) – ¼vkmVLVSafMax½ & fo‛ks’kr%
Oath-(n) – ¼vksFk½ & ‚kiFk
Obedience-(n) – ¼vksfcfM;Ul½ & vkKk cdk;k] cpk gqvk Partner-(n.) – ¼ikVZuj½ & Hkkxhnkj] lkFkh
ikyu Overhear-(vt.) – ¼vksojfg;j½ & la;ksx ls Partnership-(n.) – ¼ikVZujf‛ki½ &
lquuk] pqids ls lquuk lgHkkfxrk
Obesity - (n) – ¼vkscsflVh½ & eksVkbZObey-
Overheat-(vt.) – ¼vksojghV½ & T+;knk xeZ Passenger-(n.) – ¼iSlsUtj½ &;k=h
(n) – ¼vkscs½ & vkKk dk ikyu djuk Object-
djuk Passion-(n.) – ¼iS‛ku½ & tks‛k] tT+ck
(n) – ¼vkWCtsDV½ & y{; Objection-(n)
Overlook-(vt.) – ¼vksojyqd½ & tkapuk] Passionate-(adj.) – ¼is‛kusV½ & Øks/kh]
– ¼vkWCtsD‛ku½ & vkifÙk Obligation - (n) –
{kek djuk xqLlsckt
¼vkWfCyxs‛ku½ & drZO; Oblige - (n) –
Overnight-(vt.) – ¼vksojukbV½ & jkr Hkj Patent-(n.) – ¼isVsUV½ & iw kZ vf/kdkj
¼vkWCykbt½ & dìk djuk Obscene-(n) – ds Paternal-(adj.) – ¼iSVuZy½ &iSr`d
¼vkWClhu½ & v‛yhy Observe-(n) – Overrate-(vt.) – ¼vksojjsV½ & vf/kd ewY; Paternity-(n.) – ¼iSVfuZVh½ &fir`Ro
¼vkWCt+oZ½ & voyksdu djuk Obsession - (n) yxkuk Path-(n.) – ¼ikFk½ &jkg
– ¼vkWCls‛ku½ & /kqu Obstacle-(n) – Overtake-(vt.) – ¼vksojVsd½ & ikj djuk Patience-(n.) – ¼is‛ksUl½ &/kS;Z] lcz
¼vkWCLVsdy½ & vojks/k Obtain- (n) – Overtime-(vt.) – ¼vksojVkbe½ & vfrfjDr Patient- (n.) – ¼is‛ksUV½ &jksxh
¼vkWCVsu½ & izkIr djuk] Obvious- (n) – le; Patriot-(n.) – ¼iSfVªvkWV½ & ns‛kHkDr
¼vkWfc;l½ & tkfgj Occasional-(n) – Overwhelm-(vt.) – ¼vksojOgSYe½ & [kq‛k Patriotic-(adj.) – ¼iSfVªvkWfVd½ &
¼vkWdst+uy½ & dHkh dHkh dk djuk] thr ysuk ns‛kHkfDriwkZ
Occult-(n)(Adj.) – ¼vkWdYV½ & tknw] xqIr Owe-(vt.) – ¼vks½ & _ kh gksu Patron-(n.) – ¼isVªu½ & ikyd] laj{kd]
Occupation-(n) – ¼vkWD;qis‛ku½ & is‛kk Owner-(n) – ¼vksuj½ & ekfyd lgk;d
Occur-(n) – ¼vdj½ & gksuk] ?kfVr gksuk Ox-(n) – ¼vkWDl½ & cSy Patronage-(n.) – ¼isVªksust½ & ikyu]
Ocean-(n) – ¼vksf‛ku½ & egklkxj P laj{k k
Odour-(n) – ¼vkWMkWj½ & lqxU/k] [kq‛kcw Pace-(n.) – ¼isl½ & ix] dne Pattern-(n.) – ¼iSVuZ½ & lkapk] uewuk
Offence-(n) – ¼vkWQsUl½ & vijk/k Pace-(vti.) – ¼isl½ & pyuk Paucity-(n.) – ¼ikWflVh½ & deh] vHkko
Offer-(n) – ¼vkWQj½ & izLrko Pacific-(adj.) – ¼iSflfQd½ & ‚kkUr] iz‛kkUr Pauper-(n.) – ¼ikWij½ & fHk[kkjh
Offering-(n) – ¼vkWf¶jax½ & izlkn] p<+kok Pacify-(vt.) – ¼iSflQk;½ & ‚kkUr djuk] Payable-(adj.) – ¼is,cy½ &ns;
Offen-(adv.) – ¼vkWQu ;k vkW¶Vu½ & vDlj eukuk Payment-(n.) – ¼isesUV½ &Hkqxrku
Ointment-(n) – ¼vkWbUVesUV½ & ejge Package-(n.) – ¼iSdst½ & xB~Bk] iqfyUnk Peacock-(n.) – ¼ihdkWd½ &eksj
Omit-(vt.) – ¼vkWfeV½ & NksM+ nsuk] pwd Pact-(n.) – ¼iSDV½ & laf/k] fu;e] ‚krZ Peak- (n.) – ¼ihd½ &pksVh
tkuk Paddy-(n.) – ¼iSMh½ & /kku Pearl- (n.) – ¼iyZ½ &eksrh
Omnipotent-(n) – ¼vksEuhiksVsUV½ & Paint-(vti.) – ¼iasV½ & fp= cukuk Peasant- (n.) – ¼ihts+UV½ &fdlku
loZ‛kfDreku Painting-(n.) – ¼isfVax½ & fp= Peculiar-(adj.) – ¼fiD;wfy;j½ &vuks[kk]
Omniscient- (n) – ¼vksEuhfl;UV½ & Palace-(n.) – ¼iSysl½ & egy vuwBk
loZKkrk Palate-(n.) – ¼iSysV½ & rkyq] Lokn Penal-(adj.) – ¼ihuy½ &n M lEcU/kh
Omnipresent- (n) – ¼vksEuhizSt+sUV½ & Palm-(n.) – ¼ike½ &gFksyh Penalize-(vt.) – ¼ihuykbt+½ & n M nsuk
loZO;kih Palmist-(n.) – ¼ikfeLV½ &gLrjs[kk foKkuh Penetrate-(vt.) – ¼iSfuVsªV½ &izos‛k djuk]
Opaque-(n) – ¼vksisd½ & /kqa/kyk Pamper-(vt.) – ¼iSEij½ & ykM I;kj djuk ?kqluk
Opinion-(n) – ¼vksihfu;u½ & jk;] lykg Paragon-(n.) – ¼iSjkxkWu½ &vkn‛kZ] uewuk Penetration-(n.) – ¼iSfuVsª‛ku½ &izos‛k
394
Percentage-(n.) – ¼ijlsaVst½ &izfr‛kr Plot-(n.) – ¼IykWV½ & t+ehu dk VqdM+k] Principal-(n.) (adj.)– ¼fizafliy½ &
Perfect-(adj.) – ¼ijQSDV½ & funksZ’k] iwjk] ‘kM+;a«k izk/;kid] eq[;
fl) Policy-(n.) – ¼ikWfylh½ &uhfr Principle- (n.) – ¼fizafliy½ & fl)kUr
Perfection-(n.) – ¼ijQSD‛ku½ & funksZ’krk] Poison-(n.) – ¼ikW;t+u½ & t+gj Priority-(n.) – ¼izk;kWfjVh½ & izFkerk
iwjkiu Poisonous-(adj.) – ¼ikW;t+usl½ & t+gj Prisoner-(n.) – ¼fizt+uj½ & dSnh] cUnh
Perhaps-(adv.) – ¼ijgSIl½ &dnkfpr] ;qDr Privilege- (n.)(vt.) – ¼fizfoyst½ & fo‛ks’k
‚kk;n Polite-(adj.) – ¼iksykbV½ & fouez] lH;] ykHk] fo‛ks’k ykHk nsuk
Perish-(vi.) – ¼iSfj‛k½ & ej tkuk] u’V gks fou; Probability-(n.) – ¼izkscsfcfyVh ½ &
tkuk Politics-(n.) – ¼ikWfyfVDl½ &jktuhfr lEHkkouk
Perishable-(adj.) – ¼iSfj‛kscy½ &u’V gks Politician-(n.) – ¼ikWfyfVf‛k;u½ & Probe-(vt.) – ¼izksc½ & iwNuk] ijh{kk ysuk
tkus ;ksX; jktuhfrK Proceeding-(n.) – ¼izkslhfMax½ &dk;Zokgh
Permanent-(adj.) – ¼iekZuSUV½ & LFkkbZ Pollute- (vt.) – ¼ikWY;wV½ & xUnk djuk Procession-(n.) – ¼izksls‛ku½ & ckjkr]
Permission-(n.) – ¼ifeZ‛ku½ &vkKk Popular-(adj.) – ¼ikiqyj½ & yksdfiz; tqywl
Permit-(n.) – ¼ijfeV½ & vkKk i= Popularity-(n.) – ¼ikiqySfjVh½ & ‛kksgjr] Proclamation-(n.) – ¼izksDyses‛ku½ &
Perpetuate-(vt.) – ¼ijiSpq,V½ &fLFkj j[kuk yksdfiz;rk f<a<ksjk] ?kks’k kk
Perplex-(vt.) – ¼ijIysDl½ & gSjku djuk] Population-(n.) – ¼ikiqys‛ku½ &tula[;k Produce-(vt.) – ¼izksM~;wl½ & iSnk djuk
dfBu cukuk Portrait-(n.) – ¼iksVªsVª ½ &fp=] rLohj] Nfo Profession-(n.) – ¼izksQs‛ku½ & is‛kk
Personal- (adj.) – ¼ilZuy½ & O;fDrxr Possession-(n.) – ¼it+s‛ku½ &vf/kdkj] Professional-(n.) – ¼izksQs‛kuy½ & is‛ksoj
Personnel- (n.) – ¼ilZusy½ & deZpkjh yksx dCt+k Profound- (n.) – ¼izksQkm M½ & xgjk]
Perturb-(vt.) – ¼ij~VCkZ½ & O;kdqqy djuk Possible-(adj.) – ¼ikWflcy½ & lEHko xEHkhj
Perusal-(n.) – ¼is#t+y½ & /;ku nsdj i<+us Possibly-(adv.) – ¼ikWflcyh½ & dnkfpr] Progress-(n.) – ¼izksxzsl½ & mUufr
dh voLFkk ‚kk;n Progressive-(adj.) – ¼izksxzsflo½ &
Pessimism-(n.) – ¼iSflfeTk+e½ & fujk‛kkokn Post-(n.) – ¼iksLV½ & ukSdjh] LFkku izxfr‛khy
Pessimistic-(adj.) – ¼iSflfefLVd½ & Postal-(adj.) – ¼iksLVy½ &Mkd lEcU/kh Prohibition-(n.) – ¼izksfgfc‛ku½ & jksd]
fujk‛kkoknh Poster-(n.) – ¼iksLVj½ & foKkiu fp«k eukgh] fu’ks/k
Phenomenal-(adj.) – ¼fQukWfeuy½ & Post-mortem-(n.) – ¼iksLV&ekWVZe½ & e`R;q Prominent-(adj.) – ¼izkWfeusUV½ & iz[;kr]
vn~Hkqr] vlk/kkj k ds ckn fd;s tkus okyh tkap ¡pk
Philosopher-(n.) – ¼fQykWLkQj½ &nk‛kZfud Postpone-(vt.) – ¼iksLkiksu½ &Vky nsuk] nsj Pronounce- (vt.) – ¼izksukmUl½ & mPpkj k
Physical-(adj.) – ¼fQft+dy½ & ‚kkjhfjd djuk djuk
Physician-(n.) – ¼fQt+hf‛k;u½ & oS| Poverty-(n.) – ¼ikWoVhZ½ &xjhch Prophet-(n.) – ¼izksQsV½ &Hkfo’;oDrk
Physicist-(n.) – ¼fQt+hflLV½ & HkkSfrd Practicable-(n.) – ¼izSDVhdscy½ & lEHko] Proposal-(n.) – ¼izikst+y½ & izLrko
foKkuh eqefdu Propose-(vt.) – ¼izikst+½ & izLrko j[kuk]
Pick-(vt.) – ¼fid½ &pksap ekjuk] pquuk] Practical- (adj.) – ¼izSfDVdy½ & O;kogkfjd fuosnu djuk
mBkuk Practice-(n.) – ¼izSfDVl½ & pyu] nLrwj Proprietor-(n.) – ¼izksijkbVj½ & Lokeh
Pickle-(n.) – ¼fidy½ &vpkj Practice-(vt.) – ¼izSfDVl½ & vH;kl djuk Prosperity-(n.) – ¼izkWliSfjVh½ & le`f)
Pickpocket-(n.) – ¼fidikWdsV½ &tscdrjk Pray-(vt.) – ¼izs½ &izkFkZ uk djuk Provoke-(vt.) – ¼izksokssd½ & mdlkuk
Pictorial-(adj.) – ¼fidVksfj;y½ & fp= Preach-(vt.) – ¼izhp½ &mins‛k nsuk Prudence-(n.) – ¼izwMsUl½ &cqf)eÙkk]
laca/kh Precious-(adj.) – ¼izS‛kl½ & cgqewY;] dherh nwjnf‛kZrk
Picture-(n.) – ¼fiDpj½ &fp= Precise-(adj.) – ¼fizlkbt+½ & Bhd] ,dne Prudent-(adj.) – ¼izwMsUM½ & cqf)eku]
Piece-(n.) – ¼ihl½ & VqdM+k lgh nwjn‛khZ
Pierce-(vt.) – ¼fi;lZ½ & Nsnuk Predict-(vt.) – ¼fizfMDV ½ & Hkfo’;ok kh Punctual- (adj.) – ¼iUDpqvy½ ≤ dk
Pile-(vt.) – ¼ikby½ & tek djuk djuk ikcUn
Pilgrim-(n.) – ¼fiyfxze½ & rhFkZ&;k=h Preface-(n.) – ¼izhQsl½ & izLrkouk] Hkwfedk Purify-(vt.) – ¼I;wjhQk;½ &‛kq) djuk
Pilgrimage-(n.) – ¼fiyfxzest½ &rhFkZ ;k=k Pregnancy- (n.) – ¼izsxusUlh½ & xHkkZoLFkk Purpose- (n.) – ¼ijit½ & mn~ns‛;
Pillow-(n.) – ¼fiyks½ &rfd;k Prejudice-(n.) – ¼fiztqfMl½ &i{kikr Purposely-(adv.) – ¼ijit+yh½ & lksp
Pinch-(n.) – ¼fiUp½ & pqVdh Premature-(adj.) – ¼izheSP;qj½ & le; lss le÷k dj
Pinch-(vt.) – ¼fiUp½ & rax djuk iwoZ gksus okyk] vlkef;d Pursuance-(n.) – ¼ijlq,Ul½ & ihNk]
Piracy-(n.) – ¼ik;jslh½ & lkfgfR;d pksjh] Prematurity-(n.) – ¼izheSP;ksjVh ½ & vuqlj k
leqnzh MdSrh vlkef;drk Pursue-(vt.) – ¼ijL;w½ & ihNk djuk]
Prescription-(n.) – ¼fizfLØI‛ku½ & uqL[kk] vuqlj k djuk
Pirate-(n.) – ¼ik;jsV½ & leqnzh Mkdw
fpfdRlk] fof/k Puzzle-(n.) – ¼it+y½ & xqRFkh] igsyh
Pity-(vt.) – ¼fifV½ &n;k djuk
Prestige - (n.) – (izsLVht½ & izfr’Bk Python-(n.) – ¼ik;Fku½ & vtxj
Placid-(adj.) – ¼IysflM½ & uje] dksey
Prevention-(n.) – ¼fizosU‛ku½ & cpko Q
Plan-(n.) – ¼Iyku ;k IySu½ &;kstuk
Prey-(n.) – ¼izs½ &f‛kdkj Quack-(vi.) – ¼Dosd½ & Mhaxs gk¡duk] ‚ks[kh
Pleasant-(adj.) – ¼IyS‛k+sUV½ &euksgj c?kkjuk] cr[k dh rjg cksyuk
Pleasure-(n.) – ¼IyS‛k+j½ &vkuan Pride-(vt.) – ¼izkbM½ & ?keaM djuk
Primitive-(adj.) – ¼fizfefVo½ & izkjfEHkd] Quail-(vti.) – ¼Dosy½ & fgEer gkjuk
Pledge- (vt.) – ¼Iyst½ &fxjoh j[kuk Quake-(vt.) – ¼Dosd½ & dk¡iuk] FkjFkjkuk
Plenty-(adj.) – ¼IysUVh½ &vf/kdrk] dkQh izkphu
395
Qualification-(n.) – ¼DokfyfQds‛ku½ Rather- (adv.) – ¼jknj½ & cfYd Remembrance-(n.) – ¼fjesEcjsl½ &;knxkj
&;ksX;rk Rational-(adj.) – ¼jSS‛kuy½ & mfpr Remove-(vt.) – ¼fjewo½ & LFkku cnyuk
Qualified-(adj.) – ¼DokfyQkbZM½&;ksX; Razor-(n.) – ¼jst+j½ & mLrjk Render-(vt.) – ¼jsUMj½ & nsuk] ykSVkuk
Qualify-(vt.) – ¼DokfyQkbZ½ & ikj djuk Reach-(vti.) – ¼jhp½ & ig¡qqpuk Renew-(vt.) – ¼fjU;w½ & u;k djuk]
Quantity- (n.) – ¼DokfUVfV½ & ek«kk React-(vt.) – ¼fj,sDV½ & izfrfdz;k djuk uohuhdj k djuk
Quarrel-(n.) – ¼Dokjy½ & fookn] ÷kxM+k Reaction-(n.) – ¼fj,sD‛ku½ &izfrfdz;k Renewal-(n.) – ¼fjU;wvy½ & uohuhdj k
Quarrelsome-(adj.) – ¼Dokjyle½ & Read-(vt.) – ¼jhM½ &i<+uk Renowned-(adj.) – ¼fjukmUM½ &e‛kgwj
>xMk+yw Readable-(adj.) – ¼jhMscy½ &i<+us ;ksX; Repair-(vt.) – ¼fjis;j½ & ejEer djuk
Quarter-(n.) – ¼DokVZj½ & pkSFkkbZ Realistic-(n.) – ¼fj;fyfLVd½ & O;kogkfjd Repeat-(vt.) – ¼fjihV½ & nksgjkuk
Quarterly-(Adv.) – ¼DokVZjyh½ &«kSekfld Reality-(n.) – ¼fj,fyVh½ &lpeqp Repent-(vt.) – ¼fjisUV½ &iNrkuk
Quash-(vt.) – ¼DoS‛k½ & [kaMu djuk Realize-(vti.) – ¼fj;ykbt+½ & eglwl djuk Require-(vt.) – ¼fjDok;j½ & vko‛;drk
Queen-(n.) – ¼Dohu½ & jkuh Reap- (vti.) – ¼jhi½ & Qly dkVuk gksuk
Quell-(vt.) – ¼Dosy½ & ijkftr djuk] Rear- (n.) – ¼fj;j½ & fiNyk Hkkx Requirement-(n.) – ¼fjDok;jesUV½ &
nckuk] ‚kkar djuk Reason-(n.) – ¼jht+u½ & dkj k vko‛;drk
Query-(n.) – ¼Dosjh½ &iz‛u Rebel-(vt.) – ¼jscy½ &jktnzksg djuk Rescue-(vt.) – ¼jSLD;w½ &cpkuk
Query-(vti.) – ¼Dosjh½ &iz‛u djuk Rebellion-(n.) – ¼jscsfy;u½ &jktnzksgh Resemble-(vt.) – ¼fjtsEcy½ & ,d tSlk
Quest-(n.) – ¼DosLV½ & ryk‛k] [kkst Reception-(n.) – ¼fjlSI‛ku½ & Lokxr gksuk
Question-(n.) – ¼Dos‛pu½ & iz‛u Recital-(n.) – ¼fjlkbVy½ & c;ku Reservation-(n.) – ¼fjt+osZ‛ku½ &vkj{k k
Questionable-(adj.) – ¼Dos‛puscy½ Recite-(vti.) – ¼fjlkbV½ & c;ku djuk] Residence-(n.) – ¼jsft+MsUl½ & fuokl
&lUnsg djus ;ksX; O;k[;ku djuk] ppkZ djuk Respect-(vt.) – ¼fjLiSDV½ & lEeku djuk
Questioner-(n.) – ¼Dos‛puj½ & iz‛u iwNus Recognize-(vt.) – ¼jSdXukbt+½ & igpkuuk Response-(n.) – ¼fjLikWUl½ & tokc
okyk Recommend- (vt.) – ¼jSdeUM½ &flQkfj‛k Restrain-(vt.) – ¼fjLVªsu½ & lhfer djuk
Questionnaire-(n.) – ¼Dos‛pusvj½ & djuk Restraint-(n.) – ¼fjLVªsUV½ & :dkoV
iz‛ukoyh Recommendation- (n.) – ¼jSdeUMs‛ku½ Restriction-(n.) –¼fjfLVªD‛ku½ &lhek] ca/ku
Queue-(n.) – ¼D;w½ & iafDr &flQkfj‛k Retain-(vt.) – ¼fjVsu½ & u tkus nsuk] dk;e
Quiet-(adj.) – ¼Dok;V½ & ‚kkUr] pqi Recreation-(n.) – ¼fjØh‛ku½ &euksjatu j[kuk
Quilt-(n.) – ¼fDoYV½ & jt+kbZ Recruit- (vt.) – ¼fjØwV½ & HkrhZ djuk Retaliate-(vt.) – ¼fjVsfy,V½ & tSls dks
Quit-(vt.) – ¼fDoV½ & R;kx nsuk Rectify- (vt.) – ¼jSfDVQk;½ & Bhd ;k lgh rSlk tokc nsuk
Quite-(adj.) – ¼DokbV½ & iwjh rjg ls djuk Retrieve-(vt.) – ¼fjVªho½ & nksckjk ikuk
Quiver-(vt.) – ¼fDooj½ &dk¡iuk Reduce-(vt.) – ¼fjM~;wl½ & ?kVkuk Return-(vt.) – ¼fjVuZ½ &ykSV nsuk
Quiz - (n.)(vt.) – ¼fDot+½ & iz‛kuksRrj] Reduction-(n.) – ¼fjMD‛ku½ &deh Reveal-(vt.) – ¼fjohy½ & izdV djuk
etkd cukuk] g¡lh djuk Reform-(vti.) – ¼fjQkWeZ½ & lq/kkj djuk Revenge-(vt.) – ¼fjosUt½ & cnyk ysuk
Quota-(n.) – ¼dksVk½ & Òkx] va‛k Refrain-(vti.) – ¼fjÝsu½ &jksduk Revive-(vt.) – ¼fjokbo½ & thfor djuk
Quote-(n.) – ¼dksV½ & fdlh ds }kjk dgh Refresh-(vt.) – ¼fjÝS‛k½ & rktk djuk Revoke-(vt.) – ¼fjoksd½ & [k Mu djuk
x;h ckr Refuse-(vt.) – ¼fjQ~;wt+½ & euk djuk Revolt-(n.) – ¼fjoksYV½ & fonzksg
Quote-(vt.) – ¼dksV½ & ewY; crkuk Regard-(vt.) – ¼fjxkMZ½ &vknj djuk Revolution-(n.) – ¼fjoksY;w‛ku½ & pDdj
Quotient-(n.) – ¼dks‛ksUV½ & HkkxQy Regime-(n.) – ¼fjthe½ & ‛kklu dky Revolve-(vti.) – ¼fjoksYo½ &pDdj yxkuk
R Regret-(vt.) – ¼fjxzsV½& [ksn djuk] iNrkuk Rift-(n.) – ¼fj¶V½ & njkj
Rabbit- (n.) – ¼jSfcV½ & [kjxks‛k Regulate-(vt.) – ¼jsxqysV½ & fu;af«kr djuk Rigid-(adj.) – ¼fjftM½ & dM+k
Race- (n.) – ¼jsl½ & oa‛k] dqy] nkSM+ Rehearsal- (n.) – ¼fjglZy½ & nksgjko Rigidity-(n.) – ¼fjftfMfV½ &dBksjrk
Race- (vt.) – ¼jsl½ & nkSM+uk Rehearse- (vt.) – ¼fjglZ½ & nksgjkuk Ring-(n.) – ¼fjax½ & vaxwBh
Racial- (adj.) – ¼jsf‛k;y½ &dqy dk] oa‛k dk Reign-(vi.) – ¼jsu½ &‛kklu djuk Rinse-(vt.) – ¼fjal½ & ikuh ls lkQ djuk
Radiant-(adj.) – ¼jsfM;UV½ & pedrk gqvk Rival-(n.) – ¼jkboy½ & izfrjks/kh] ftlls
Reiterate-(vt.) – ¼jhbVjsV½ & ckj&ckj
Radical-(adj.) – ¼jSfMdy½ & ekSfyd] nksgjkuk eqdkcyk gks
LokHkkfod Reject-(vt.) – ¼fjtssDV½ & vLohdkj djuk River-(n.) – ¼fjoj½ & unh
Radium-(n.) – ¼jsfM;e½ & ,d pedus Roam-(vt.) – ¼jkse½ & ?kweuk
Rejection-(n.) – ¼fjtssD‛ku½ &vLohd`fr
okyh /kkrq Rock-(n.) – ¼jkWd½ & pV~Vku
Relax-(vt.) – ¼fjysDl½ &vkjke djuk
Rage-(n.) – ¼jst½ & Øks/k Room-(n.) – ¼:e½ &dejk
Relevance-(n.) – ¼jsfyosUl½ & mi;qDrrk
Rain-(n.) – ¼jsu½ & o’kkZ Rot- (vti.) – ¼jkWV½ & lM+uk] lM+kuk] xyuk
Relevant-(adj.) – ¼jsysosUV½ & mi;qDr
Rain-(vti.) – ¼jsu½ & o’kkZ gksuk] o’kkZ djuk Rotate-(vi.) – ¼jksVsV½ & ?kweuk
Reliable-(adj.) – ¼fjyk;cy½ & fo‛okl
Rainbow-(n.) – ¼jsucks½ & bUnz/kuq’k Rotate-(vt.) – ¼jksVsV½ & ?kqekuk
;ksX;
Rainfall- (n.) – ¼jsuQkWy½ & ikuh cjluk Rotation-(n.) – ¼jksVs‛ku½ & pDdj
Reliance-(n.) – ¼fjyk;al½ &Hkjkslk
Rainy-(adj.) – ¼jsu½ & cjlkr tSlk Rely-(vt.) – ¼fjyk;½ & fo‛okl djuk Rotten- (adj.) – ¼jkWVu½ & lM+k gqvk] xyk
Rape-(n.) – ¼jsi½ & cykRdkj Remain-(n.) – ¼fjesu½ & cpk gqvk] cjdjkj gqvk
Rapid-(adj.) – ¼jSfiM½ & rst Remain-(vi.) – ¼fjesu½ & cjdjkj jguk Rough-(n.) – ¼jQ½ & [kqjnjk
Rapture-(n.) – ¼jSIpj½ & csgn [kq‛kh Remember-(vt.) – ¼fjesEcj½ &;kn djuk Roughen-(vt.) – ¼jQu½ & [kqjnjk djuk
Rare- (adj.) – ¼js;j½ & nqyZHk] vuwBk
396
Route-(n.) – ¼:V½ &ekxZ] lM+d Selfish-(adj.) – ¼lSfYQ‛k½ & LokFkhZ Solitude-(n.) – ¼lkWfyV~;wM½ & vdsykiu
Routine-(n.) – ¼:Vhu½ & jkst dk fu;e Sensible-(adj.) – ¼lSfUlcy½ & le>nkj Soluble-(adj.) – ¼lkWY;wcy½ & ?kqyu‛khy]
Royal-(n.) – ¼jkW;y½ & ‚kkgh Sensitive-(adj.) – ¼lSfUlfVo½ & Òkoqd xyu‛khy
Rubbish-(n.) (adj.) – ¼jfCk‛k½ &dwM+k Separate-(vt.) – ¼lsijsV½ & vyx djuk Sorrow-(n.) – ¼lkWjks½ & ‛kksd] nq[k
djdV Separation-(n.) – ¼lsijs‛ku½ & vyxko Sound- (n.) – ¼lkm M½ & vkokt+Sound-
Rude-(n.)(adj.) – ¼#M½ & vlH;] dBksj Severe-(adj.) – ¼lhfo;j½ & dBksj] (adj.) – ¼lkm M½ & xgjk Spare-(vi.) –
O;ogkj nq[knk;d ¼Lisvj½ & NksM+uk] cpkuk] jksduk] {kek
Rumour-(n.) – ¼j~;wej½ & vQokg Shade-(n.) – ¼‛ksM½ &Nk;k djuk] fdQk;r djuk Sparkle-(n.) –
Rupture-(n.) – ¼jIpj½ & rksM+uk Shady-(adj.) – ¼‛ksMh½ & Nk;knkj ¼LikdZy½ & ped] fpaxkjh
Rush-(vi.) – ¼j‛k½ & nkSM+uk] VwV iM+uk Shake-(vt.) – ¼‛ksd½ & fgykuk] dk¡iuk Sparkling-(adj.) – ¼LikdZfyax½ & pednkj
S Share-(n.) – ¼‛ks;j½ & fgLlk Specific-(adj.) – ¼LisflfQd½ & fo‛ks’k
Sabotage-(n.) – ¼lScksVst½ & rksM+&QksM+ Sheep-(n.) – ¼‛khi½ &ÒsM+ Specification-(n.) – ¼LisflfQds‛ku½&
Sacrifice-(vt.) – ¼LkSfØQkbl½ & cfynku Sheepish-(adj.) – ¼‛khfi‛k ½ & dk;j fo‛ks’krk,¡
nsuk Shield-(n.) – ¼‛khYM½ & <ky] dop Spectacles-(n.) – ¼LiSDVssdYl½ & p‛ek
Sad-(n.) – ¼lSM½ &nq%[kh] mnkl Shine-(vi.) – ¼‛kkbu½ & peduk Speech-(n.) – ¼Lihp½ & Hkk’kk] cksyh] Hkk’k k
Sadden-(vi.) – ¼lSMu½ &nq%[kh gksuk Shock-(n.) – ¼‛kkWd½ & /kDdk] lnek Spendthrift-(adj.) – ¼LisUMfFkz¶V½ &
Sadden-(vt.) – ¼lSMu½ &nq%[kh djuk Shocking-(adj.) – ¼‛kkWfdax ½ & LrC/k dj fQtwy[kpZ djus okyk
Saint-(n.) – ¼LksUV½ & lUr nsus okyk Spin-(vti.) – ¼fLiu½ & ?kqekuk] ?kweuk
Sale-(n.) – ¼Lksy½ &fcdzh Shortcoming-(n.) – ¼‛kkWVZdfeax½ & deh Spine-(n.) – ¼Likbu½ & jh<+
Salt-(n.) – ¼LkkWYV½ & ued Shortage-(n.) – ¼‛kWkVZst½ & deh] vHkko Spirit-(n.) – ¼fLizV½ & vkRek] mRlkg
Salvation-(n.) – ¼LkSYos‛ku½ & eks{k izkfIr] Shorten-(vt.) – ¼‛kkWVZu½ & de djuk Spiritual-(adj.) – ¼Lizhpqvy½ & vkfRed]
eqfDr Shout-(vt.) – ¼‛kkmV½ &fpYykuk ekufld] vk/;kfRed
Sample-(n.) – ¼lSEiy½ &uewuk Shrewd-(adj.) – ¼‛kzwM½ & pkykd Sprout-(vt.) – ¼LizkmV½ & vadqfjr gksuk]
Sand-(n.) – ¼lS M½ & jsr Shrink-(vti.) – ¼f‛kzad½ &fldqMuk mxuk
Satire-(n.) – ¼LkVk;j½ & g¡lh] rkuk] O;aX; Spy-(n.) – ¼Lik;½ & tklwl
Shun-(vti.) – ¼‛ku½ & vyx jguk] nwj jguk
Saturn-(n.) – ¼LSkVuZ½ &‛kfuxzg Squash-(vt.) – ¼LDoS‛k½ & fipdkuk]
Sigh-(n.) – ¼lk;½ & xgjh lk¡l
Sauce-(n.) – ¼lkWl½ &pVuh elyuk] fupksM+uk
Silly-(adj.) – ¼flyh½ & ew[kZ
Save-(vt.) – ¼lso½ & j{kk djuk Squeeze-(vt.) – ¼LDoht+½ & fupksM+uk
Simplicity-(n.) – ¼flfEIyflVh½ & ljyrk Stable-(adj.) – ¼LVscy½ & fLFkj
Saying-(n.) – ¼lsbax½ &dgkor Sin-(n.) – ¼flu½ &iki
Scandal-(n.) – ¼LdS MYk½ & cnukeh Stage-(n.) – ¼LVst½ & jaxeap] voLFkk
Sincere-(adj.) – ¼flUl;j½ & lPpk] Stagnant-(adj.) – ¼LVSxUkS V½ & fLFkj
Scant-(n.) – ¼LdSUV½ & deh bZekunkj
Scar- (n.) – ¼Ldkj½ & nkx] fu‛kku Stamina-(n.) – ¼LVSfeuk½ & fdlh dk;Z
Sincerity-(n.) – ¼flfUl;sfjVh½&lPpkbZ
Scarce- (n.) – ¼LdklZ½ & de] vi;kZIr djrs jgus dh lgu‛kfDr
Situation-(n.) – ¼flpq,‛ku½ & fLFkfr
Scarcity- (n.) – ¼LdkflZVh½ & deh] vHkko Stammer-(vi.) – ¼LVSej½ & gdykuk
Sketch- (vt.) – ¼LdSp½ & uD‛kk cukuk Stare-(vt.) – ¼LVsvj½ & ?kwjuk
Scarf-(n.) – ¼LdkQZ½ & :eky] nqIkV~Vk Skin-(n.) – ¼fLdu½ & [kky
Schedule-(n.) – ¼‛ksM~;wy ;k LdSM~;wy½ & Starvation-(n.) – ¼LVkoZs‛ku½ & miokl]
Skip-(vt.) – ¼fLdi½ &dwnuk] NksM+ tkuk Hkq[kejh
lwph Slaughter-(n.) – ¼LykWVj½ &gR;k Starve-(vi.) – ¼LVkoZ½ & Hkw[kk jguk
Scholar-(n.) – ¼LdkWyj½ & fo}ku Slaughter-(vt.) – ¼LykWVj½ &gR;k djuk
Scholarship-(n.) – ¼LdkWyjf‛ki½ & Starve-(vt.) – ¼LVkoZ½ & Hkw[kk ejuk
Slave-(n.) – ¼Lyso½ &xqyke Stationary-(adj.) – ¼LVs‛kUkjh½ & Bgjk gqvk
Nk=o`fr Sleep-(n.) – ¼Lyhi½ & uhan
Scissors- (n.) – ¼lht+lZ½ & dSaph Stationery-(adj.) – ¼LVs‛kUkjh½ & i<+us
Sleep-(vi.) – ¼Lyhi½ & lksuk fy[kus dk lkeku
Scope-(n.) – ¼Ldksi½ & volj Slip-(vti.) – ¼fLyi½ & fQlyuk] Òwy djuk
Search-(n.) – ¼lpZ½ & [kkst Statue-(n.) – ¼LVSpw½ & ewfrZ
Slum-(n.) – ¼LYke½ & xank eSyk eksgYyk Stature-(n.) – ¼LVspj½ & vkdkj
Search-(vt.) – ¼lpZ½ & [kkst djuk Smoke-(n.) – ¼Leksd½ &/kqeziku Status-(n.) – ¼LVsVl½ & #rck
Sculpture-(n.) – ¼LdYipj½ & ewfrZ] izfrek Smoke-(vti.) – ¼Leksd½ &/kq¡vk fudkyuk] Stay-(vti.) – ¼LVs½ & Bgjuk
Sculpture-(vt.) – ¼LdYipj½ & ewfrZ cukuk rEckdw flxjsV vkfn ihuk Stimulate-(vi.) – ¼fLVE;wysV½ & HkM+dkuk]
Secret-(n.) – ¼lhØsV½ & xqIr Smuggle-(vt.) – ¼Lexy½ & Nqik ds ykuk mdlkuk
Secretariat-(n.) – ¼lsfØVsfj;V½ &lfpoky; ;k Hkstuk Stitch- (vt.) – ¼fLVp½ & flyuk
Secretary-(n.) – ¼lsØsVjh½ & lfpo Sneeze-(vi.) – ¼Luht+½ &Nhaduk Stomach-(n.) – ¼LVed½ & isV
Secular- (adj.) – ¼lSD;wyj½ & /keZfujis{k Snow- (n.) – ¼Luks½ & cQZ Stone-(n.) – ¼LVksu½ & iRFkj
Security-(n.) – ¼flD;ksfjVh½ & lqj{kk Snow- (vi.) – ¼Luks½ & cQZ iMuk Stop-(vt.) – ¼LVkWi½ & jksduk
Seesaw-(n.) – ¼lhlkW½ & >wyk Social-(adj.) – ¼lks‛ky½ & lkekftd] Stop-(vi.) – ¼LVkWi½ & #duk
Seize-(vt.) – ¼lhTk+½ & dCt+k djuk feyulkj
Stoppage-(n.) – ¼LVkWist ½ & #dus dk
Seizure-(n.) – ¼lht+j½ & dCt+k dh xbZ Solemn-(adj.) – ¼lkWyse½ & xaÒhj] ifo«k LFkku
pht Solicit-(vt.) – ¼lkWfyflV½ & izkFkZuk djuk Storey- (n.) – ¼LVksjh½ & eafty ¼edku dh½
Seldom- (adv.) – ¼lSYMe½ & dÒh&dÒh Solid-(adj.) – ¼lkWfyM½ & Bksl Story-(n.) – ¼LVksjh½ & dgkuh
397
Stout-(adj.) – ¼LVkmV½ & cyoku Suit-(vti.) – ¼LkwV½ & vuqdwy gksuk Temper-(vt.) – ¼VSEij½ & dksey djuk
Straight-(adv.) – ¼LVªsV½ & lh/kk Suitability-(n.) – ¼LkwVsfCyVh½ & vuqdwyrk Tempest-(n.) – ¼VSEisLV½ & vka/kh] gypy
Straighten-(vt.) – ¼LVªsVu½ & lh/kk djuk Sum-(n.) – ¼le½ & ;ksx] tksM+ Temple-(n.) – ¼VSEiy½ & eafnj
Strain-(n.) – ¼LVªsUk½ & eksap Sum-(vt.) – ¼le½ & ;ksx djuk] tksM+uk Temporary-(adj.) – ¼VSEijjh½ & {kf kd]
Strain-(vt.) – ¼LVªsUk½ & rkuuk] [khapuk Summarize-(vt.) – ¼lejkbt½ & lkj vLFkkbZ
Stranger-(n.) – ¼LVªsUtj½ & vtuch fudkyuk Tempt-(vt.) – ¼VSEIV½ & yypkuk
Strap-(n.) – ¼LVªsi½ & Qhrk Summary-(n.) – ¼lejh½ & lkjka‛k Temptation-(n.) – ¼VSEIVs‛ku½ & ykyp]
Strategy-(n.) – ¼LVªSVth½ & j kuhfr Superior-(adj.) – ¼lqihfj;j½ & cM+k] T;s’B] izyksHku
Stream-(n.) – ¼LVªhe½ & /kkjk] unh Js’B Tenant-(n.) – ¼VSusUV½ & fdjk;snkj
Strength-(n.) – ¼LVªSUFk½ & ‚kfDr] lkeF;Z Superlative-(adj.) – ¼lqijysfVo½ & Tendency-(n.) – ¼VSUMsUlh½ & izo`fÙk
Stress-(n.) – ¼LVªsl½ & ncko] cy] egRo loksZre Tenor-(n.) – ¼VSUkj½ & vfHkizk;
Stretch-(vti.) – ¼LVªsp½ & [khapuk Superstition-(n.) – ¼lqijfLV‛ku½ & va/k Tension-(n.) – ¼VsU‛ku½ & ruko
Stretcher-(n.) – ¼LVªspj½ & gkWfLiVy esa fo‛okl Tenure-(n.) – ¼VSU;ksj½ & vof/k
ejhtksa dks ,d txg ls nwljh txg ys tkus Superstitious-(adj.) – ¼lqijfLV‛kl½ & Terminate-(vt.) – ¼VfeZusV½ &lekIr djuk
okyk midj k va/k fo‛oklh Terminate-(vi.) – ¼VfeZusV½ & lekIr gksuk
Strike-(n.) – ¼LVªkbd½ & gM+rky Supervise-(vt.) – ¼lqijokbt+½ & ns[kHkky Terrace-(n.) – ¼VSjsl½ & Nr
Strike-(vti.) – ¼LVªkbd½ & Bksduk] ihVuk] djuk Terrible-(adj.) – ¼VSfjcy½ & Hk;kud
Surround- (vt.) – ¼ljkmUM½ & ?ksjuk
ctkuk Terrify-(vt.) – ¼VSfjQk;½ & Mjkuk
String-(n.) – ¼fLVaªx½ & jLlh Survive-(vt.) – ¼lokZbo½ & thfor jguk
Thank-(n.) – ¼FkSUd½ & /kU;okn
Strive-(vt.) – ¼LVªkbo½ & iz;kl djuk Suspicious-(adj.) – ¼lfLi‛kl½ & ‚kDdh
Thank-(vt.) – ¼FkSUd½ & /kU;okn nsuk
Structure-(n.) – ¼LVªDpj½ & cukoV Sustain-(vt.) – ¼lLVsu½ & dk;e j[kuk Theft-(n.) – ¼FkS¶V½ & pksjh
Stubborn-(n.) – ¼LVcuZ½ & ftn~nh Sweat-(n.) – ¼LosV½ & ilhuk Theist-(n.) – ¼FkhLV½ & vkfLrd
Studious-(adj.) – ¼LVwfM;l½ & esgurh Sweat-(vi.) – ¼LosV½ & ilhuk fudyuk Theory-(n.) – ¼fFk;jh½ & fl)kar
Study-(n.) – ¼LVMh½ & i<+kbZ Sweep-(vti.) – ¼Lohi½ & lQkbZ djuk Thief-(n.) – ¼FkhQ½ &pksj
Study-(vti.) – ¼LVMh½ & i<+kbZ djuk Sword-(n.) – ¼LkksMZ½ & ryokj
Thieve-(vti.) – ¼Fkho½ & pksjh djuk
Stupid- (adj.) – ¼LVqfiM½ & ew[kZ Symbol-(n.) – ¼flEcy½ & fpUg] ladsr
Thigh-(n.) – ¼Fkkb½ & tka?k
Stupidity-(n.) – ¼LVqfifMfV½ & ew[kZrk Sympathy-(n.) – ¼flEisFkh½ & lgkuqHkwfr
Thirst-(n.) – ¼FkLVZ½ & I;kl
Subdue-(vt.) – ¼LkcM~;w½ & thruk] v/khu Symptom-(n.) – ¼flEIVe½ & jksx dk y{k k
Thirsty-(adj.) – ¼FkLVhZ½ &I;klk
djuk Synonym-(n.) – ¼flukWfue½ & Ik;kZ;okph
Thread-(n.) – ¼FkzsM½ & /kkxk
Subjugate-(vi.) – ¼LkcT;wxsV½ & thruk] System-(n.) – ¼flLVe½ & iz kkyh
Thread-(vt.) – ¼FkzsM½ & fijksuk
v/khu djuk T
Thunder-(n.) – ¼FkUMj½ & fctyh dh
Submission-(n.) – ¼Lkcfe‛ku½ & v/khurk Table-(n.) – ¼Vscy½ & est dM+d] xjt
Submit-(vti.) – ¼LkcfeV½ & v/khu gksuk] Tact-(n.) – ¼VSDV½ & fuiq krk Thunderstorm-(n.) – ¼FkUMjLVkeZ½ &
tek djuk] vkxs j[kuk Tactic-(n.) – ¼VSdfVd½ & dkS‛kyrk fctyh dh dM+d ds lkFk vka/kh
Subscribe-(n.) – ¼LkCLØkbc½ & xzkgd Tail-(n.) – ¼Vsy½ & iw¡N Timid-(adj.) – ¼fVfeM½ & dk;j
cuuk Taint-(vti.) – ¼Vsy½ & eSyk djuk Tire-(vt.) – ¼Vk;j½ & Fkdkuk
Subsequent-(adj.) – ¼LkfCLkDoSUV½ & ckn esa Tale-(n.) – ¼Vsy½ & dgkuh Tire-(vi.) – ¼Vk;j½ & Fkduk
vkus okyk Talent-(n.) – ¼VSysUV½ & xq k Tolerate -(vt.) – ¼VkWyjsV½ & lgu djuk
Subsidy-(n.) – ¼LkfClMh½ & enn Talented-(n.) – ¼VSysfUVM½ & xq kh Torture-(n.) – ¼VkWpZj½ & d’V
Substantial-(n.) – ¼LkCLVSuf‛k;y½ & Talk-(vt.) – ¼VkWd½ & ckrphr djuk Torture-(vt.) – ¼VkWpZj½ & d’V nsuk
egRoiw kZ Talkative-(adj.) – ¼VkWdsfVo½ & ckrwuh
Substitute-(vt.) – ¼LkfCLVV~;wV½ & cnyuk Touch-(vti.) – ¼Vp½ & Nwuk
Tame-(adj.) – ¼VsEk½ & ikyrw] ?kjsyw Tough-(adj.) – ¼VQ½& dBksj] l[r
Succeed-(vti.) – ¼lDlhM½ & lQy gksuk] Tangle-(n.) – ¼VSSaXky½ & my>u
mÙkjkf/kdkjh gksuk Towel-(n.) – ¼VkWoy½ & rkSfy;k
Tangle-(vt.) – ¼VSSaXky½ & my>kuk Tradition-(n.) – ¼VªsfM‛ku½ & ijaijk
Success-(n.) – ¼LkDlSl½ & lQyrk Tangle-(vi.) – ¼VSSaXky½ & my>uk
Succession-(n.) – ¼LkDls‛ku½ & Traditional-(adj.) – ¼VªsfM‛uy½ &
Tap-(n.) – ¼VSIk½ & uy ijaijkxr
mÙkjkf/kdkj] ih<+h
Tape-(n.) – ¼VsIk½ & Qhrk Training-(n.) – ¼Vªsfuax½ & izf‛k{k k
Successor-(n.) – ¼LkDlslj½ & mÙkjkf/kdkjh]
okfjl Teach-(vt.) – ¼Vhp½ & i<+kuk Transfer-(n.) – ¼VªkaLQj½ & rcknyk
Sudden-(adj.) – ¼LkMu½ & vpkud Tear-(n.) – ¼fV;j½ & vk¡lw Transfer-(vt.) – ¼VªkaLQj½ & rcknyk djuk
Suffer-(vti.) – ¼lQj½ & d’V ÷ksyuk Tease-(vt.) – ¼Vht+½ & ijs‛kku djuk] lrkuk Transform-(vt.) – ¼VªkaLQkWeZ½ & :Ik
Suffering-(n.) – ¼LkQfjax½ & d’V Technique-(n.) – ¼VSdfud½ & dyk cnyuk
Suffice-(vti.) – ¼lQkbl½ & Ik;kZIr gksuk Technology-(n.) – ¼VSdukWyth½ & dyk Transport-(vt.) – ¼VªkaliksVZ½ & ,d txg
Sufficiency-(n.) – ¼lfQf‛k;sUlh½ & foKku ls nwljh txg ys tkuk
Ik;kZIrrk Tedious-(adj.) – ¼VhfM;l½ & Fkdkus okyk Trap-(vt.) – ¼VªSi½ & Qalkuk
Sufficient-(adj.) – ¼lfQf‛k;sUV½ & I;kZIr Teem-(vti.) – ¼Vhe½ & iSnk djuk Travel-(vti.) – ¼VªSoy½ & ;k=k djuk
Suicide-(n.) – ¼L;wlkbM½ & vkRegR;k Temper-(n.) – ¼VSEij½ & LoHkko Traveller-(n.) – ¼VªSoyj½ & ;k=h
398
Treachery- (n.) – ¼Vªhpjh½ & fo‛okl?kkr Uneven-(adj.) – ¼vubZou½ & vleku] Vain-(adj.) – ¼osu½ & fujFkZd] O;FkZ
Treaty-(n.) – ¼VªhVh½ & laf/k fo’ke] vlery Valid-(adj.) – ¼oSfyM½ &oS|] dkuwuh
Tremble-(vi.) – ¼VªSEcy½ & dk¡iuk Unfair-(adj.) – ¼vuQsvj½ & v;ksX;] Validity-(n.) – ¼oSyhfMVh½ & oS|rk
Tribunal-(n.) – ¼fVªC;wuy½ & U;k;ky; vU;k;iw kZ Valuable- (adj.) – ¼oSY;w,cy½ & cgqewY;]
Tribute-(n.) – ¼fVªC;wV½ & migkj Uniform-(n.) – ¼;wuhQkWeZ½ & onhZ dherh
Trifle-(n.) – ¼VªkbQy½ & gYdh ckr] rqPN Uniform-(adj.) – ¼;wuhQkWeZ½ & ,d tSlk Valuation-(n.) – ¼oSyq,‛ku½ & dher
Triumph-(n.) – ¼Vªk;EQ½ & thr Uniformity-(n.) – ¼;wuhQkWfeZVh ½ &lekurk fu/kkfjr djuk
Trivial-(adj.) – ¼Vªhfo;y½ & rqPN Unique-(adj.) – ¼;wuhd½ & vuks[kk] vuqie Value-(n.) – ¼oSY;w½ & egRo] ewY;
Trouble-(n.) – ¼Vªcy½ & ijs‛kkuh Union-(n.) – ¼;wfu;u½ & la?k Vanish-(vi.) – ¼oSfu‛k½ & xk;c gks tkuk
Trouble-(vt.) – ¼Vªcy½ & ijs‛kku djuk Unite-(vti.) – ¼;wukbV½ &la;qDr djuk] Vapour- (n.) – ¼osij½ & Hkki
Trust-(vt.) – ¼VªLV½ & fo‛okl djuk feykuk Variable-(n.) – ¼osfj,cy½ & ifjorZu‛khy
Trustworthy-(adj.) – ¼VªLVonhZ½ & fo‛okl United-(adj.) – ¼;wukbV½ & feyk gqvk oLrq
;ksX; Universal-(n.) – ¼;wfuolZy½ & lkoZykSfdd] Various-(adj.) – ¼osfj;l½ & dbZ
Turtle-(n.) – ¼VVZy½ & dNqvk fo‛oO;kid Vary-(vt.) – ¼oSjh½ & cnyuk
Tweak-(vti.) – ¼V~ohd½ & pqVdh ekjuk University-(n.) – ¼;wfuoflZVh½ Vegetable- (n.) – ¼osthVscy½ & lCt+h
&fo‛ofo|ky; Vegetarian-(adj.) – ¼osthVsfj;u½ &
Twin-(n.) – ¼V~fou½ &tqM+ok
Unjust-(adj.) – ¼vutLV½ & vuqfpr ‚kkdkgkjh
Twinkle-(vi.) – ¼V~foUdy½ & peduk]
f÷kyfeykuk Until-(Conj.) – ¼vfUVy½ &tc rd ugha Valiant- (adj.) – ¼oSfy;UV½ & cgknqj
Typhoid-(n.) – ¼VkbQkbM½ & VkbQkbM Unwell-(adj.) – ¼vuosy½ &vLoLFk Vehicle-(n.) – ¼fOgdy½ & okgu
chekjh Uphold- (vt.) – ¼vigksYM½ & lEHkkyuk] Veil-(n.) – ¼osy½ & ?kwa?kV
Typical-(adj.) – ¼fVfidy½ & vkn‛kZ #i Fkkeuk] mBkuk Veil-(vt.) – ¼osy½ & ?kwa?kV djuk] fNikuk
Tyre - (n.) – ¼Vk;j½ & ifg;k Uplift-(vt.) – ¼vfIy¶V½ & mBkuk] mUufr Vender- (n.) – ¼osUMj½ & cspus okyk] foØsrk
U Upset- (n.) – ¼vIlsV½ & ijs‛kku] myV Vendor- (n.) – ¼osUMj½ & cspus okyk] foØsrk
Ugly-(adj.) – ¼vXyh½ & Hkn~nk] cnlwjr Upset- (vt.) – ¼vIlsV½ & myV nsuk Venerate-(vt.) – ¼oujsV½ & vknj djuk
Ulcer-(n.) – ¼vYlj½ &QksM+k] ?kko] uklwj Upshot- (vt.) – ¼vI‛kkWV½ & ifj kke Ventilator-(n.) – ¼osfUVysVj½ & ÷kjks[kk
Ultimate-(adj.) – ¼vYVhesV½ & vfUre] Urge-(vti.) – ¼vtZ½ & ihNs iM+uk] gB djuk Ventilate-(vt.) – ¼osfUVysV½ & gok djuk
vkf[kjh Urgent-(adj.) – ¼vjtSUV½ & vR;ko‛;d Venture- (n.) – ¼oSUpj½ & tksf[ke] lkgl
Ultimatum-(n.) – ¼vYVhesVe½ & vkf[kjh Usher-(vt.) – ¼v‛kj½ & izos‛k djuk Venture- (vti.) – ¼oSUpj½ & tksf[ke mBkuk]
ckr Use-(n.) – ¼;wt+½ & mi;ksx lkgl djuk
Ultra-(adj.) – ¼vYVªk½ & vR;Ur Use-(vt.) – ¼;wt+½ & iz;ksx djuk Venue- (n.) – ¼oSU;w½ & ?kVuk LFky
Umbrella-(n.) – ¼vEczSyk½ & Nkrk Usual-(Adj.) – ¼;w‛k+qvy ;k ;wt+qvy½ & Verse-(n.) – ¼olZ½ & in] NUn] dfork
Unanimous-(adj.) – ¼;wuSfuel½ &,der] lkekU;] lk/kkj k Version- (n.) – ¼otZ+u½ & o kZu
loZlEer Usually-(adv.) – ¼;w‛k+qvyh ;k ;wt+qvyh½ & Vessel- (n.) – ¼oSly½ & crZu] tgkt
Unarmed-(adj.) – ¼vuvkeZM~½ & fugFFkk lk/kkj kr%] lkekU;r% Veteran-(adj.) – ¼osVju½ & vuqHkoh
Unaware-(adj.) – ¼vuvosvj½ & cs[kcj] Utensil-(n.) – ¼;wVsfUly½ & crZu Vibrate-(vti.) – ¼okbczsV½ & dk¡iuk] fgyuk]
vlko/kku] vufÒK Uterus-(n.) – ¼;wVsjl½ & xHkkZ‛k; FkjFkjkuk
Uncertain- (adj.) – ¼vulVsZu½ & vfuf‛pr Utter-(vt.) – ¼vVj½ & cksyuk] mPpkj k Vibration-(n.) – ¼okbczs‛ku½ & FkjFkjh
Uncertainty- (n.) – ¼vulVsZu~fV½ & djuk Vice-(n.) – ¼okbZl½ & iki] v/keZ] nks’k
vfuf‛prrk Utterance- (n.) – ¼vVjsUl½ & mPpkj k] Vicious-(Adj.) – ¼fo‛kl½ & nks’kh] ikih
Uncle- (n.) – ¼vady½ & pkpk dFku Victim-(n.) – ¼fofDVe½ & ihfM+r
Unconscious- (adj.) – ¼vudkWU‛kl½ & V Victor-(n.) – ¼foDVj½ & fot;h
csgks‛k Vacancy-(n.) – ¼osdsUlh½ & [kkyhiu
Victory-(n.) – ¼foDVjh½ & fot;
Under- (prep.) – ¼vUMj½ & uhps] v/khu Vacant-(adj.) – ¼osdsUV½ & [kkyh Vigilant-(adj.) – ¼foftysUV½ & lko/kku
Undergo- (vt.) – ¼vUMjxks½ & lguk] Vacate-(vt.) – ¼osdsUV½ & [kkyh djuk
Vigorous-(adj.) – ¼foxjl½ & cyoku
Hkksxuk] ÷ksyuk Vacation-(n.) – ¼osds‛ku½ & NqV~Vh
Vigour-(n.) – ¼foxj½ & ikS#’k] cy
Undergraduate- (n.) – ¼vUMjxzStq,V½ & Vaccinate- (vt.) – ¼oSDlhusV½ & Vhdk
Village-(n.) – ¼foyst½ & xk¡o
iwoZ Lukrd yxkuk
Vindicate-(vt.) – ¼fofUMdsV½ & leFkZu
Understand-(vti.) – ¼v MjLVS M½ Vaccination- (n.) – ¼oSDlhus‛ku½ & Vhdk
&le>uk djuk] cnyk ysuk
yxokuk
Undertake-(vti.) – ¼v MjVsd½ & iz;Ru Vacuum- (n.) – ¼oSD;we½ & fcuk gok dk Vine- (n.) – ¼okbu½ & vaxwj dh csy
djuk] gkFk esa ysuk] opu nsuk LFkku Vinegar-(n.) – ¼fousxj½ & fljdk
Undo-(vt.) – ¼vUMw½ & okil djuk] u’V Vagabond-(adj.) – ¼oSxkck¡M½ & vkokjk] Vineyard- (n.) – ¼okbu;kMZ½ & vaxwj dk
djuk ?kqeDdM+ ckx
Undoing-(n.) – ¼vUMwbax½ & myV iqyV Vagrant-(adj.) – ¼oSxjsaV½ & vkokjk] Violate-(vt.) – ¼ok,ysV½ & fgalk djuk]
Uneasy-(adj.) – ¼vubZt+h½ & cSpsu ?kqeDdM+ vifo«k djuk] mYya?ku djuk Violation-
Uneducated-(adj.) – ¼vu,stqdsfVM½ & Vague- (adj.) – ¼osx½ & /kq¡/kyk (n.) – ¼ok;ys‛ku½ & fgalk] mYya?ku
vui<+ Vail-(n.) – ¼osy½ & ?kwa?kV
399
Violence-(n.) – ¼ok;ysUl½ & mRikr] Washer man- (n.) – ¼okW‛kjeSu½ & /kksch Withstand-(vti.) – ¼fonLVSUM½ & lkeuk
izpaMrk Wastage-(n.) – ¼osLVst½ & csdkj] gkfu djuk
Violent-(Adj) – ¼ok;ysUV½ & vR;kpkjh Waste-(n.) – ¼osLV½ & csdkj Witness-(n.) – ¼foVusl½ & izek k] xokg
Virgin-(adj.) – ¼oftZu½ & dqaokjh] ifo«k Waste-(vt.) – ¼osLV½ & u’V djuk Woe-(n.) – ¼oks½ & nq[k
Virtue-(n.) – ¼oP;Zq½ & cy] izHkko] /keZ] xq k Wave-(n.) – ¼oso½ & ygj Woeful-(adj.) – ¼oksQqy½ & nq[kh
Virtuous-(adj.) – ¼opZqvl½ & /kkfeZd] xq kh Weak-(n.) – ¼ohd½ & det+ksj] nqcZy Wolf-(n.) – ¼oqYQ½ & HksfM+;k
Virulent-(adj.) – ¼fo#ysUV½ & dM+ok] Weaken-(vt.) – ¼ohdu½ & det+ksj djuk] Womb-(n.) – ¼owEc½ & xHkkZ‛k;
t+gjhyk nqcZy djuk Wonder-(vt.) – ¼oUMj½ & vk‛p;Z djuk
Vision-(n.) – ¼fo‛k+u ;k fot+u½ & vkHkkl] Weakness-(n.) – ¼ohdusl½ & det+ksjh Wonderful- (n.) – ¼oUMjQqy½ & xtc
n`f’V Wealth-(n.) – ¼osYFk½ & /ku Wool-(n.) – ¼owy½ & u
Visit-(vt.) – ¼foft+V½ & HksaV djuk Wealthy-(adj.) – ¼osYnh ;k osYFkh½ & /kuh Work-(n.) – ¼odZ½ & dk;ZZZ
Visitor-(n.) – ¼foft+Vj½ & vkxUrqd Weapon-(n.) – ¼oSiu½ & gfFk;kj Work-(vi.) – ¼odZ½ & dk;Z djuk
Vital-(adj.) – ¼okbVy½ & vR;ko‛;d] Weather-(n.) – ¼oSnj½ & ekSle Worry-(n.) – ¼ojh½ &fpUrk
thfor Web-(n.) – ¼osc½ & tkyk Worship- (n.) – ¼of‛kZi½ & iwtk
Vitality- (n.) – ¼okbVSfyVh½ & izk k] psruk Wed-(vti.) – ¼osfMax½ & fookg djuk Worshipper-(n.) – ¼of‛kZij½ &iwtk djus
Vitalize-(vt.) – ¼okbVykbt+½ & izk k cpkuk Wedding-(n.) – ¼osfMax½ & fookg okyk
Vitamin-(n.) – ¼foVfeu½ & Hkkstu rRo Wedlock- (n.) – ¼osMykWd½ & fookg ca/ku Worst-(adj.) – ¼oLVZ½ & lcls cqjk
Vivid-(adj.) – ¼fofoM½ & QqrhZyk] papy Week-(n.) – ¼ohd½ & lIrkg Worth-(n.)(adj.) – ¼oFkZ½ & ewY;
Vocabulary- (n.) – ¼odSC;yjh½ & Weekly-(adj.) – ¼ohdyh½ & lkIrkfgd Worthwhile-(adj.) – ¼oFkZokby½ & ;ksX;
‚kCnlwph] ‚kCndks’k Worthless-(adj..) – ¼oFkZysl½ & ewY;ghu]
Weep-(vi.) – ¼ohi½ & jksuk
Vocal-(n.) – ¼oksdy½ & tqckuh xq kghu
Weigh-(vti.) – ¼os½ & ekiuk] egRo j[kuk]
Void-(n.) – ¼okWbM½ & [kkyh txg rksyuk Wound-(n.) – ¼owUM½ & ?kko
Void-(vt.) – ¼okWbM½ & [kkyh djuk Weight-(n.) – ¼osV½ & otu Wrap-(vt.) – ¼jSi½ & yisVuk
Void-(vi.) – ¼okWbM½ & [kkyh gksuk Welcome-(n.) – ¼oSYde½ & Lokxr Wrath-(adj.) – ¼jSFk½ & Øks/k
Volume-(n.) – ¼okWY;qe½ & vkokt] fdrkc Welcome-(vt.) – ¼oSYde½ & Lokxr djuk Wreath-(n.) – ¼jhFk½ & ekyk] xtjk] gkj
Volunteer-(n.) – ¼okWyfUV;j½ & Lo;a lsod Welfare-(n.) – ¼osYQsvj½ & dY;k k Wrestle-(vt.) – ¼jsLky½ & dq‛rh djuk
Vomit-(vt.) – ¼okWfeV½ & mYVh djuk Wheat-(n.) – ¼OghV½ & xsgw¡ Wrestling-(n.) – ¼jslfyax½ & dq‛rh
Voyage-(n.) – ¼okW,t½ & ty ;k=k Wheel- (n.) – ¼Oghy½ & ifg;k Wrinkle-(n.) – ¼fjady½ & >qjhZ
Vulgar-(adj.) – ¼oYxj½ & vf‛k’V Wheez- (vi.) – ¼Oght+½ & d’V ls rst rst X
Vulgarity-(n.) – ¼oYxSfjVh½ & vf‛k’Vrk lk¡l ysuk X-factor-(n.) – ¼,Dl QSDVj½ & fo‛ks’k xq k
Vulnerable-(adj.) – ¼oYusjscy½ & detksj] When-(adv.) – ¼OgSu½ & dc X-rays-(n.) – ¼,Dl jst+½ & ,d izdkj dh
vklkuh ls v/khu dj ysus ;ksX; Whenever-(adv.) – ¼OgSuSoj½ & tc dHkh fdj ksa
Vulture-(n.) – ¼oYpj½ & phy Whisper- (vti.) – ¼fOgLij½ & QqlQqlkuk] Y
W dku esa [kqlj Qqlj djuk Yawn-(vt.) – ¼;kWu½ & v¡xM+kbZ ysuk] tEHkkbZ
Wage- (n.) – ¼osst½ & osru] etnwjh White-(n.) – ¼OgkbV½ & lQsn ysuk
Wagon-(n.) – ¼osxu½ & pkj ifg;k xkM+h Whitewash-(vt.) – ¼OgkbVokW‛k½ & iqrkbZ Yell-(vi.) – ¼;Sy½ & fpYykuk
Wail-(vt.) – ¼osy½ & foyki djuk djuk Yesterday-(n.) – ¼;lVMsZ½ & dy ¼chrk
Waist-(n.) – ¼osLV½ & dej Whole- (adj.) – ¼gksy½ & iwjk gqvk½
Waive-(vt.) – ¼osLV½ & NksM+uk Wholly-(adv.) – ¼gksyh½ & iwjh rjg ls Yield- (vt.) – ¼;hYM½ & iSnk djuk
Wait– (vt.) – ¼osV½ & izfr{kk djuk Wicked-(adj.) – ¼fod~M½ & ikih Yoke-(n.) – ¼;ksd½ & tksM+
Wake- (vti) – ¼osd½ & tkxuk Widow- (n.) – ¼foMks½ & fo/kok Yolk-(n.) – ¼;ksd½ & vaMs dk ihyk Hkkx
Walk-(vi.) – ¼okWd½ & pyuk Width-(n.) – ¼foM~Fk½ & pkSM+kbZ Young-(n.) – ¼;ax½ & toku] ;qok
Wall-(n.) – ¼okWy½ & nhokj Wild-(adj.) – ¼okbYM½ & taxyh Youngster-(n.) – ¼;axLVj½ & toku] ;qok
Wander-(vi.) – ¼okW Mj½ & HkVduk] ?kweuk Wilful- (adj.) – ¼foyQqy½ & gBh Youth-(n.) – ¼;wFk½ & fd‛kksjkoLFkk
Want-(n.) – ¼okW V½ & vHkko Will- (n.) – ¼foy½ & pkgr Z
War-(n.) – ¼okj½ & ;q) Wind-(n.) – ¼foUM½ & gok Zeal-(n.) – ¼t+hy½ & tks‛k
Ward- (vt.) – ¼okMZ½ & j{kk djuk Window-(n.) – ¼foUMks½ & f[kM+dh Zealous-(n.) – ¼t+Syl½ & tks‛khyk
Warden- (n.) – ¼okMZu½ & laj{kd Wire-(n.) – ¼ok;j½ & rkj Zenith-(n.) – ¼t+SfuFk½ & lcls ¡pk f‛k[kj
Wardrobe-(n.) – ¼okWMZjksc½ & vyekjh Wireless-(n.) – ¼ok;jysl½ & fcuk rkj dk Zest-(n.) – ¼t+SLV½ & Lokn] #fp
Warehouse- (n.) – ¼os;jgkml½ & xksnke Wisdom-(n.) – ¼fot+Me½ & le÷k] cqf)ekuh Zigzag- (adv.) – ¼ft+xt+Sx½ & Vs<+h es<+h
Warm-(n.) – ¼okWeZ½ & xje Wish-(vt.) – ¼fo‛k½ & bPNk] nqvk djuk Zodiac-(n.) – ¼t+ksfM;sd½ & jkf‛k
Warm-(vti.) – ¼okWeZ½ & xje djuk Witch-(vt.) – ¼fop½ & tknw djuk Zone-(n.) – ¼t+ksu½ & e My
Warning-(n.) – ¼okWfuZax½ & psrkouh Withdraw- (vt.) – ¼fon~Mªk½ & okil ysuk Zoo-(n.) – ¼t+w½ & fpfM+;k?kj
Warrior-(n.) – ¼okWfj;j½ & ;ks)k Withhold-(vt.) – ¼fongksYM½ &jksduk Zoology- (n.) – ¼t+wvkWyth½ & izk kh ‚kkL«k
Wash-(vti.) – ¼okW‛k½ & /kksuk
400

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सक् षम भा रत ममशन

Fully Revised & Reprint Edition: Year 2018-19

eSa vki lHkh dk “Spoken English Guru” YouTube channel dh

vkils cl bruh lh vihy gS fd bl bZ&cqd dks gj xk¡o o ‚kgj rd igq¡pkus esa

vkids lg;ksx ds fy, fny ls /kU;oknA

"सक् षम भारत ममशन" का Instagram और Facebook पर भी Follow कररए:

1) Before we start ¼‚kq#vkr djus ls igys½ 8-17

23) Imperative Sentences & ¼vkKklwpd okD;½ 203-210

41) Written Conversations 338-364

vkils gekjk igyk iz‛u gS fd vaxzt

fgUnh o kZekyk esa dqy 46 o kZ gksrs gSa &

fgUnh ds Loj o O;atu (Hindi‟ s vowels and consonants)

Ë;ku nhft, (Please pay attention) &

D;k vki tkurs gSa (Do you know?) &

Letters form a word. v{kjksa ls feydj 'kCn curk gSA

15 ‚kCn vkSj 43 v{kj gSaA There are 15 words and 43 letters.

Mojib Good Is Friend Him

‚kke 5 cts ls lksus rd& Good Evening (feyus ij)

le; fdruk gqvk (What is the time?)

igys lef÷k, &

“brus ctus esa brus feuV” dk QkWeZqyk gS & { feuV + to + ?k Vk }

tSlk fd vkius i<+k

Bhd blh rjg

vkb, ns[ksa dqN mnkgj k &

jkr ds 12 cts - 12 AM nksigj ds 12 cts - 12 PM

1 One (ou) ,d 15 Fifteen (fQ+¶Vhu) iUnzg

1000 Thousand (Fkkmt+SUM) gt+kj

First 1st Q+LVZ igyh Seventh 7th lSoUFk lkroha

fxykl fdruk Hkjk gS & How much is the glass filled –

1/2 Half vk/kk 1/5 One fifth ,d dk ik¡pok Hkkx

fdrus xquk gS & “How fold” or “How many time” -

,d xquk Single flaxy

1) Question Mark Dos‛pu ekdZ ( ? ) – iz‛uokpd fpUg

a) Who are you? gw vkj ;w \ rqe dkSu gks \

2) Exclamation Mark ,DlDyses‛ku ekdZ ( ! ) – foLe;kfn cks/kd fpUg

3) Full Stop Q+qy LVkWi ( . ) – iw kZ fojke

eSa vk jgk g¡wA I am coming. vkbZ ,es dfeaxA

M.P. - Member of Parliament lkaln

4) Comma dkSek ( , ) – vYi fojke

i) Ram, come here.

6) Colon dksyu (:)

a) I met many people: Binita, Anjali, Kuldeep, Dimpal, and Seema.

b) I have many things: book, pen, vegetables, sugar, rice etc.

7) Semicolon lsehdksyu ( ; ) – v/kZ fojke

8) Apostrophe vikslVªkWQh (‟)-

Does not (Mt+ ukWV) – Doesn‟ t (Mt+UV) ;k (Mt+u)

g¶rs ds lkr fnu (Seven Days of a Week)

lkseokj & Monday eaMs

lky ds ckjg eghus (Twelve Months of a year)

tuojh & January tSU;qjh tqykbZ & July tqyk;

EnglishWale.com “l{ke Hkkjr fe‛ku”

1. Assertive or Declarative Sentences (LohdkjkRed ;k dFkkRed okD;):

,sls okD; ftuesa dksbZ iz‛u iwNk tkrk gSA

3. Imperative Sentences (vkKklwpd okD;):

,sls okD; tks vkKk] vkns‛k ;k izkFkZuk O;Dr djsaA

4. Exclamatory Sentences (foLe;kfncks/kd okD;):

Sentence ds izdkj mnkgj k 1

1. Subject ¼lctSDV½ & drkZ

2. Verb ¼fØ;k½ & deZ] dke ;k dk;Z