AOR to SOR Calculation

Input Data
AOR (kg O2/h) 8.4

Water temperature (0C) 12.0

Designed dissolved oxygen concentration in

the aeration tank, 2.0
CL (mg O2/l)

Site altitude, m 750

a 0.60

b 0.98

q 1.012

Airation System Airflow

Input Data
Water level on tank (m) 5.00

Distance discs to bottom 0.25

(bubbles diffusors systems)

SOTE/mds 6.0%

Standard conditions parameters

Temperature, oC 20.0

Pressure, Pa 101,325

Relative humidity, % 0.0

AOR: Actual oxygen transfer rate under field conditions

SOR: Standard oxygen requirement under field conditions

'Standard/Normal' Conditions

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'Standard/Normal' Conditions
■8("Nm3/h" &"Refers to ′normal′ conditions: T = 0 oC, p = 101,3 kPa (1 atm) and RH=0% "
@"Sm3/h" &"Refers to ′standard′ conditions: T = 20 oC and p = 101,3 kPa (1 atm) and RH = 0
")
NOTE: The parameters for 'standard' conditions can be changed above if needed
(in US a 36% RH is stated as normal conditions)

2/24
 AOR: Actual oxygen transfer rate under field conditions
SOR: Standard oxygen requirement under field conditions

𝑆𝑂�=𝐴𝑂�×[1/𝛼×( 〖� ^∗ 〗 _(∞ 20)^ )/(𝜏×Ω×𝛽× 〖� ^∗ 〗 _(∞ 20)^ −�_𝐿 )

×𝜃^((20−𝑇) ) ]
According
According to
to Manual
Manual of
of practice
practice FD-13,
FD-13, where:
where:
τ=( 〖 C^∗for
, stands 〗 _(∞
the T)^ T to 〗 _(∞ 20)^ ), stands for the effect of T to
)/(of〖 C^∗
effect
〖� ^∗ 〗 _(∞ 20)^
Therefore:
Therefore:
𝑺𝑶�=𝑨𝑶�×[𝟏/𝜶×( 〖� ^∗ 〗 _(∞ 𝟐𝟎)^ )/(𝜴×𝜷× 〖� ^∗ 〗 _∞^ −�_𝑳 )
×𝜽^((𝟐𝟎−𝑻) ) ]

'Standard/Normal' Conditions
■8("Nm3/h" &"Refers to ′normal′ conditions: T = 0 oC, p = 101,3 kPa (1 atm) and RH=0% "
@"Sm3/h" &"Refers to ′standard′ conditions: T = 20 oC and p = 101,3 kPa (1 atm) and RH = 0% "
)

SOTE
Standard Oxygen Transfer Efficiency

■8(├ ■(𝑆𝑂𝑇𝐸/𝑚_𝑑𝑠 ≅1,8%@𝑆𝐴𝐸≅0,6÷1,5 𝑘𝑔 𝑂_2∕𝑘𝑊ℎ)}&�𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑠𝑒 𝐵𝑢𝑏𝑏𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝐷𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑢𝑠𝑜𝑟𝑠

𝑆𝑦𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑠)
■8(├ ■(𝑆𝑂𝑇𝐸/𝑚_𝑑𝑠 ≅2,2%@𝑆𝐴𝐸≅1,0÷1,8 𝑘𝑔 𝑂_2∕𝑘𝑊ℎ)}&𝑀𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑢𝑚 𝐵𝑢𝑏𝑏𝑙𝑒𝑠
𝐷𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑢𝑠𝑜𝑟𝑠 𝑆𝑦𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑠)
■8(├ ■(𝑆𝑂𝑇𝐸/𝑚_𝑑𝑠 ≅4,0%÷ ≥6,0%@𝑆𝐴𝐸≅2,5÷ ≥5,5 𝑘𝑔 𝑂_2∕𝑘𝑊ℎ)}&■(𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑒
𝐵𝑢𝑏𝑏𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝐷𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑢𝑠𝑜𝑟𝑠 𝑆𝑦𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑠@←𝑈𝑠𝑢𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑦 4%))

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4/24
OR Calculation
Calculation
W 0.91

Oxygen concentration saturation

at 20 oC and 1 atm, 9.10
C*¥ 20 (mg O2/l)

Oxygen concentration saturation

at water temperature and 1 atm, 10.79
C*¥ (mg O2/l)

SOR (kg O2/h) 18.2

System Airflow
Calculation
rair,20C,1atm (kg/m3) 1.20

Content in oxygen of dry air 23.18%

mds 4.75

Standar Oxygen Transfer Efficiency, 28.5%

SOTE

Qair, standard cond., blower (Sm3/h) 229.3

Qair, normal cond., blower (Nm3/h) 213.6

er rate under field conditions

rement under field conditions

5/24
 T = 0 oC, p = 101,3 kPa (1 atm) and RH=0% "
T = 20 oC and p = 101,3 kPa (1 atm) and RH = 0%

nditions can be changed above if needed

ed as normal conditions)

6/24
a
Accounts for Effect of Proces Water Characteristics on the Transfer Coefficient (K La)

𝛼={■(■8(𝑆𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑒 𝐴𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑠&0,90−1,00)@■8(𝑃𝑢𝑚𝑝
𝐸𝑗𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑠&0,70−0,90)@■8(𝐵𝑟𝑢𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑠&0,70−0,85)@■8(𝑆𝑢𝑏𝑚𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑃𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑖𝑧𝑒𝑑
𝑈𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠&0,75−0,90)@■8(�𝑜𝑎𝑟𝑠𝑒 𝐵𝑢𝑏𝑏𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝐴𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑆𝑦𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑠&0,65−0,80)@■8(𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑒
𝐵𝑢𝑏𝑏𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝐴𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑆𝑦𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑠&0,40−0,70))}

←𝑈𝑠𝑢𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑦 0,60−0,65

b
Accounts for Effect of Proces Water Characteristics on the Saturation Concentration (C* ¥)

q
Accounts for Effect of Temperature on the Transfer Coefficient (K La)

Commonly accepted to be 1,024 with the exponent (T-20) power

𝜃=1,024

W
Accounts for Effect of Pressure on the Saturation Concentration (C* ¥)

Ω=( 〖� ^∗ 〗 _∞ 𝑎𝑡 𝑝_𝑏)/( 〖� ^∗ 〗 _∞ 𝑎𝑡,← 𝑊ℎ𝑒𝑛

𝑝_𝑠 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑘 𝑑𝑒𝑝𝑡ℎ𝑠
)=(𝑝_𝑏+𝛾_(𝑤 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑙𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑛
𝑇) 𝑑_𝑒−𝑝_(𝑣 6 𝑚,
𝑇))/(𝑝_𝑠+𝛾_(𝑤 𝑇)
𝑑_𝑒−𝑝_(𝑣 𝑇) ) Ω 𝑚𝑎𝑦 𝑏𝑒 𝑎𝑝𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑦 𝑝𝑏/𝑝𝑠

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8/24
0. DIMENSIONS & PARAMETERS

DIMENSIONS
Water level on tank 5.00 m

AOTR
Actual oxygen transfer rate under field conditions
AOR 8.38 kg O2/h

WATER AND INSTALLATION PARAMETERS

twater Water temperature in Celsius Degrees
12 o
C
Twater Water temperature in Kelvin (T = t(oC)+273,15)
285.15 K
Mw 18.0152 g/mol
0.0180152 kg/mol

p0 Reference barometric pressure, Pa

101,325 Pa
h0 Reference altitude, m
0 m
h1 Site altitude, m
750 m

Mair Molecular mass of air, kg/mol

𝑀_𝑎𝑖𝑟 □(=28,963−12,011(𝑥_( 〖�𝑂〗 _2 )

−0,00033) )
Where: XCO2 Partial pressure of CO2
0.00033
Mair 28.963 g/mol
0.028963 kg/mol

g Gravity acceleration, ms-2

9.80665 m /s2
R Avogadro constant, m3 Pa K-1 mol-1
8.3144621 m3 Pa K-1 mol-1

CL Designed Dissolved Oxigen concentration, aeration tank

2.00 mg/l

T Standard conditions temperature

20 o
C
293.15 K
P Standard conditions pressure
101,325 Pa
RH Standard conditions relative humidity
0 %

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1. STANDARD OXIGEN REQUIREMENT UNDER FIELD CONDITIONS

𝑆𝑂�=𝐴𝑂�×[1/𝛼×( 〖� ^∗ 〗 _(∞ 20)^ )/(Ω×𝛽× 〖� ^∗ 〗

_∞^ −�_𝐿 )×𝜃^((20−𝑇) ) ]

𝑆𝑂�=𝐴𝑂�×[1/𝛼×( 〖� ^∗ 〗 _(∞ 20)^ )/ τ=( 〖 C^∗ 〗

(𝜏×Ω×𝛽× 〖� ^∗ 〗 _∞^ −�_𝐿 )×𝜃^((20−𝑇) ) ] _(∞ T)^ )/
( 〖 C^∗ 〗 _(
∞ 20)^ to
Effect of T according ) Manual of practice FD-13

SOR Standard Oxigen Requirement

AOR Actual Oxigen Requirement

T Water temperature, oC
12 o
C

1.1. AIRFLOW REQUIREMENTS, kg O2/m3

CORRECTION FACTORS

a Accounts for Effect of Proces Water Characteristics on the Transfer Coefficient (K La)
Non dimensional value, depending on the airation system

𝛼={■(■8(𝑆𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑒 𝐴𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑠&0,90−1,00)@■8(𝑃𝑢𝑚𝑝
𝐸𝑗𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑠&0,70−0,90)@■8(𝐵𝑟𝑢𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑠&0,70−0,85)@■8(𝑆𝑢𝑏𝑚𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑃𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑖𝑧𝑒𝑑
𝑈𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠&0,75−0,90)@■8(�𝑜𝑎𝑟𝑠𝑒 𝐵𝑢𝑏𝑏𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝐴𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑆𝑦𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑠&0,65−0,80)@■8(𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑒
𝐵𝑢𝑏𝑏𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝐴𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑆𝑦𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑠&0,40−0,70))}

←𝑈𝑠𝑢𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑦 0,60−0,65

a 0.60

b Accounts for Effect of Proces Water Characteristics on the Saturation Concentration (C* ¥)
The solubility of O2 in WW is aprox 95 to 99 % of that of pure water.
Unless concentration of biomass is very high, a value to consider is among 0,95 and 0,99
b 0.98

W Accounts for Effect of Pressure on the Saturation Concentration (C* ¥)

Ω=( 〖� ^∗ 〗 _∞ 𝑎𝑡 𝑝_𝑏)/( 〖� ^∗ 〗 _∞
𝑎𝑡 𝑝_𝑠 )=(𝑝_𝑏+𝛾_(𝑤 𝑇) 𝑑_𝑒−𝑝_(𝑣
𝑇))/(𝑝_𝑠+𝛾_(𝑤 𝑇) 𝑑_𝑒−𝑝_(𝑣 𝑇) )
When tank depths are less than 6 m, W may be approximated by pb/ps

Considering isotherm atmosphere, that is to say T = ct

𝑝_1/𝑝_0 =𝑒𝑥𝑝[−(𝑀_𝑎𝑖𝑟 ×𝑔)/(� ×𝑇_𝑎𝑖𝑟

) (ℎ_1−ℎ_0 )]

Where: Tair Air temperature, K (assuming Twater)

12.0 o
C

10/24
 285.15 K
p0 Pressure at sea level, reference pressure, Pa
101,325.0 Pa
h0 Sea level, reference level, m
0 m
h1 Site elevation, m
750 m
Mair Molecular mass of air, kg/mol
28.963 g/mol
0.028963 kg/mol

11/24
 g Gravitational acceleration
9.80665 m s-2
R Avogadro constant
8.3144621 m3 Pa K-1 mol-1
p1 92,618.0 Pa

p1/p0 0.914

W 0.914

q Accounts for Effect of Temperature on the Transfer Coefficient (K La)

Commonly accepted to be 1,024 with the exponent T-20 power.
q 1.012

DISSOLVED OXYGEN CONCENTRATION

According to the Benson and Krause Equations (used by USGS among others)
DO0, Dissolved oxygen for freshwater (salinity=0o/oo) and standard pressure (1 atm)

〖𝐷𝑂〗 _0=𝑒𝑥𝑝[−139,34411+(1,575705× 〖 10 〗 ^5)/𝑇−(6,642308× 〖 10 〗 ^7)/𝑇^2 +(1,243800× 〖 10 〗 ^10)/𝑇^3

−(8,621949× 〖 10 〗 ^11)/𝑇^4 ]

Where: T Water temperature, K

C*¥ Oxigen concentration saturation at WW temperature and p = 101,30 kPa

C¥
*
10.79 mg/l T Water temperature, K
12.0 o
C
285.15 K

C*¥20 Oxigen concentration saturation at 20 oC temperature and p = 101,30 kPa

C*¥20 9.10 mg/l

CL Designed Dissolved Oxigen concentration, aeration tank

CL 2.00 mg/l

AOR 8 kg O2/h

SOR 18 kg O2/h

AOR/SOR 0.459

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1.2. AIRFLOW REQUIREMENTS, m3/h

According to Jones

�=(𝑃×𝑀_𝑎)/(�×𝑇×𝑍) [1−(1−𝑀_𝑤/𝑀_𝑎 )(𝑈/100)((𝑓×𝑒_𝑠)/𝑃)]

Where: r Air density at a pressure of P and temperature of T

P Standard pressure, Pa (sea level)

101,325.0 Pa Standard conditions

Mair Molecular mass of air, kg/mol

0.028963 kg/mol

Mw Molecular mass of water, kg/mol

0.018015 kg/mol

R Avogadro constant
8.3144621 m3 Pa K-1 mol-1

T Air temperature
20 C
o
Standard conditions
293.15 K

U Relative humidity, %
0 % Standard conditions

Z Compressivity module
According to Hyland and Wexler
□(𝑍=0,99999−5,8057× 〖 10 〗 ^(−9) 𝑝+2,6402× 〖 10 〗 ^(−16 ) 𝑝^2−3,3297× 〖 10 〗 ^(−7)
𝑡+1,2420× 〖 10 〗 ^(−10 ) 𝑝𝑡−2,0158× 〖 10 〗 ^(−18) 𝑝^2 𝑡+2,4925× 〖 10 〗 ^(−9 )
𝑡^2−6,2873× 〖 10 〗 ^(−13) 𝑝𝑡^2+5,4174× 〖 10 〗 ^(−21 ) 𝑝^2 𝑡^2−3,5× 〖 10 〗 ^(−7) (�𝐻)
+5,0× 〖 10 〗 ^(−9 ) 〖 (�𝐻) 〗 ^2 )
Where: P 101,325 Pa
T 20 C
o

RH 0 %
Z 0.99962 [-]

f Enhancement factor (of water vapor pressure)

According to Jones the following equation is valid within the values of temperature
from 19 to 26 oC and pressures from 69.994 Pa to 110.004 Pa
𝑓=1,00070+3,113× 〖 10 〗 ^(−8)
𝑝+5,4× 〖 10 〗 ^(−7) 𝑇^2
Where: P 101,325 Pa
T 20 o
C
f 1.004070 [-]

es Saturation vapor pressure of water

According to Besley and Bottomley in the temperature range 288,15 K to 298,04 K
𝑒_𝑠=1,7526× 〖 10 〗 ^11×𝑒^(((−5315,
56)⁄𝑇) )
Where: T 293.15 K
es 2,337.83 Pa

r air,20,1atm 1.204 kg/m3

13/24
If we assume that the composition of the dry air is nearly homogeneous below 20 km, then we can considerer
the content in oxygen as 23.18% (0 oC, 1 atm)

So:

r O2, air 0.279 kg/m3

Therefore:

Qair, standard 65 Sm3/h

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If the flow in Normal conditions is needed,

�_𝑛𝑜𝑟/�_𝑠𝑡 =𝑍_𝑛𝑜𝑟/𝑍_𝑠𝑡
×𝑇_𝑛𝑜𝑟/𝑇_𝑠𝑡 ×𝑃_𝑠𝑡/𝑃_𝑛𝑜𝑟

Where: Z Compressibility factor [-]

T Temperature, K
P Pressure, Pa
Tst 20 o
C
293.15 K
Tnor 0 o
C
273.15 K
Pst 101,325 Pa
1.013 bar
Pnor 101,325 Pa
1.013 bar
RHst 0 %
RHnor 0 %
Zst 0.99962 [-]
Znor 0.99940 [-]
P* Corrected pressure taking into account RH
𝑃^∗=𝑃−𝑃_𝑠𝑎𝑡 𝑥 �𝐻

Where: P Pressure, bar

RH Relative humidity, %
Psat Saturated vapor pressure, bar
Considering the Antoine formulation,

〖𝑙𝑜𝑔〗 _10 (𝑃_𝑠𝑎𝑡 )=𝐴−𝐵/

(�+𝑇)
Where: P Pressure, mm Hg
T Temperature, oC
A,B,C Constant values

A B C Tmin, oC Tmax, oC

8.07131 1730.63 233.426 1 100

8.14019 1810.94 244.485 99 374

Psatst 17.473252 mm Hg
0.0232958 bar
Psatnor 4.5422258 mm Hg
0.0060558 bar
Pst* 1.013 bar
P nor
*
1.013 bar

Qair, normal 61 Nm3/h

Note: Nm3/h Refers to 'normal' conditions

15/24
Sm3/h Refers to 'standard' conditions

16/24
2. STANDARD OXIGEN TRANSFER OF AERATION SYSTEM

SOTR = SOR / SOTE

SOTE Standard Oxygen Transfer Efficiency

├ ■(𝑆𝑂𝑇𝐸/𝑚_𝑑𝑠 ≅1,8%@𝑆𝐴𝐸≅0,6÷1,5 𝑘𝑔 𝑂_2∕𝑘𝑊ℎ)} �𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑠𝑒

𝐵𝑢𝑏𝑏𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝐷𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑢𝑠𝑜𝑟𝑠 𝑆𝑦𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑠

├ ■(𝑆𝑂𝑇𝐸/𝑚_𝑑𝑠 ≅2,2%@𝑆𝐴𝐸≅1,0÷1,8 𝑘𝑔 𝑂_2∕𝑘𝑊ℎ)} 𝑀𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑢𝑚

𝐵𝑢𝑏𝑏𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝐷𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑢𝑠𝑜𝑟𝑠 𝑆𝑦𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑠

├ ■(𝑆𝑂𝑇𝐸/𝑚_𝑑𝑠 ≅4,0%÷ ≥6,0%@𝑆𝐴𝐸≅2,5÷ ≥5,5 𝑘𝑔 𝑂_2∕𝑘𝑊ℎ)}

𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝐵𝑢𝑏𝑏𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝐷𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑢𝑠𝑜𝑟𝑠 𝑆𝑦𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑠

In case of having into account a Fine Bubbles Diffusors Systems, we can consider SOTE/m ds of

Water level on tank 5.00 m

Distance disks to bottom 0.25 m
mds 4.75 m
SOTE 28.5%

Qair, st. cond., blower 229 Sm3/h

Qair, nor. cond., blower 214 Nm3/h

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18/24
ractice FD-13

19/24
× 〖 10 〗 ^10)/𝑇^3

20/24
3297× 〖 10 〗 ^(−7)
0 〗 ^(−9 )
× 〖 10 〗 ^(−7) (�𝐻)

emperature

to 298,04 K

21/24
can considerer

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23/24
6.0%

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