SYLLABUS FOR SSC JE MAINS

THEORY OF MACHINE AND MACHINE DESIGN

Concept of simple machine, Four bar linkage and link motion, Flywheels and
fluctuation of energy, Power transmission by belts – V-belts and Flat belts,
Clutches – Plate and Conical clutch, Gears – Type of gears, gear profile and
gear ratio calculation, Governors – Principles and classification, Riveted joint,
Cams, Bearings, Friction in collars and pivots.

ENGINEERING MATERIALS AND STRENGTH OF MATERIALS

Equilibrium of Forces, Law of motion, Friction, Concepts of stress and strain,

Elastic limit and elastic constants, Bending moments and shear force diagram,
Stress in composite bars, Torsion of circular shafts, Bucking of columns –
Euler’s and Rankin’s theories, Thin walled pressure vessels.

THERMAL ENGINEERING

Properties of Pure Substances : p-v & P-T diagrams of pure substance like
H2O, Introduction of steam table with respect to steam generation process;
definition of saturation, wet & superheated status. Definition of dryness
fraction of steam, degree of superheat of steam. H-s chart of steam
(Mollier’s Chart).

1 st Law of Thermodynamics : Definition of stored energy & internal energy,

1st Law of Thermodynamics of cyclic process, Non Flow Energy Equation, Flow
Energy & Definition of Enthalpy, Conditions for Steady State Steady Flow;
Steady State Steady Flow Energy Equation.
2 nd Law of Thermodynamics : Definition of Sink, Source Reservoir of Heat,
Heat Engine, Heat Pump & Refrigerator; Thermal Efficiency of Heat Engines &
co-efficient of performance of Refrigerators, Kelvin – Planck & Clausius
Statements of 2nd Law of Thermodynamics, Absolute or Thermodynamic
Scale of temperature, Clausius Integral, Entropy, Entropy change calculation
of ideal gas processes. Carnot Cycle & Carnot Efficiency, PMM-2; definition &
its impossibility.

Air standard Cycles for IC engines: Otto cycle; plot on P-V, T-S Planes;
Thermal Efficiency, Diesel Cycle; Plot on P-V, T-S planes; Thermal efficiency.

IC Engine Performance, IC Engine Combustion, IC Engine Cooling &

Lubrication.

POWERPLANT

Rankine cycle of steam: Simple Rankine cycle plot on P-V, T-S, h-s planes,
Rankine cycle efficiency with & without pump work.

Boilers; Classification; Specification; Fittings & Accessories: Fire Tube &

Water Tube Boilers. Air Compressors & their cycles; Refrigeration cycles;
Principle of a Refrigeration Plant; Nozzles & Steam Turbines

FLUID MECHANICS AND MACHINERY

Properties & Classification of Fluid: ideal & real fluids, Newton’s law of
viscosity, Newtonian and Non-Newtonian fluids, compressible and
incompressible fluids.

Fluid Statics: Pressure at a point.

Measurement of Fluid Pressure: Manometers, U-tube, Inclined tube.

Fluid Kinematics: Stream line, laminar & turbulent flow, external & internal
flow, continuity equation.

Dynamics of ideal fluids: Bernoulli’s equation, Total head; Velocity head;

Pressure head; Application of Bernoulli’s equitation.

Measurement of Flow rate Basic Principles: Venturimeter, Pilot tube, Orifice

meter.

Hydraulic Turbines: Classifications, Principles.

Centrifugal Pumps: Classifications, Principles, Performance. Production

Engineering

PRODUCTION

Classification of Steels: mild steal & alloy steel, Heat treatment of steel,

Welding – Arc Welding, Gas Welding, Resistance Welding, Special Welding

Techniques i.e. TIG, MIG, etc. (Brazing & Soldering), Welding Defects &
Testing; NDT,

Foundry & Casting – methods, defects, different casting processes, Forging,

Extrusion, etc.

Metal cutting principles, cutting tools, Basic Principles of machining with (i)
Lathe (ii) Milling (iii) Drilling (iv) Shaping (v) Grinding, Machines, tools &
manufacturing processes.
 PRACTICE QUESTIONS FOR SSC JE MAINS
THERMODYNAMICS
1. EXPRESSIONS FOR WORK AND HEAT FOR DIFFERENT PROCESSES (SPECIAL
FOCUS TO POLYTROPIC PROCESS).

2. REPESENTATION OF ALL PROCESSES IN A SINGLE P-V AND T-S CURVE FOR

EXPANSION AND COMPRESSION PROCESS.

3. A SPHERICAL BALOON OF 1 M DIAMETER CONTAINS GAS AT 150 KPA.

THE GAS INSIDE THE BALOON IS FILLED UNTIL THE PRESSURE REACHES 450
KPA. DURING THE PROCESS OF HEATING THE PRESSURE OF THE GAS INSIDE
THE BALOON IS PROPORTIONAL TO THE CUBE OF DIAMETER OF BALOON.
FIND THE WORKDONE BY THE GAS INSIDE THE BALOON.

4. A PISTON CYLINDER DEVICE CONTAINS 0.05 M3 OF A GAS INITIALLY AT 200

KPA AND AT THIS STAGE A LINEAR SPRING (K=150 KN/M) IS TOUCHING BUT
EXERTING NO FORCE ON IT. NOW HEAT IS TRANSFERRED TO THE GAS
CAUSING TO RISE AND COMPRESS THE SPRING UNTIL THE VOLUME INSIDE
CYLINDER DOUBLES. IF THE CROSSECTIONAL AREA OF THE PISTON IS 0.25 M2
THEN FIND:
(i) FINAL PRESSURE INSIDE THE CYLINDER IN KPA.
(ii) NET WORK DONE IN KJ.

5. PROVE THE VALIDITY OR OTHERWISE OF THE STATESMENT

“FOR A PERFECT GAS THE WORKDONE BY CONSTANT PRESSURE EXPANSION
FROM ANY POINT ON A GIVEN ISOTHERMAL CURVE TO ANOTHER GIVEN
ISOTHERMAL CURVE IS CONSTANT”.

6. HELIUM AT 20 BAR AND 40°C IS CONTAINED IN A SMALL CYLINDER HAVING A

VOLUME OF 15 CM3. THA LARGE CONTAINER IS PERFECTLY INSULATED AND
EVACUATED BY AN APPROPRIATE MEANS. THE HELIUM IS ALLOWED TO
DISCHARGE AND FILL THE LARGE CONTAINER. CALCULATE FINAL PRESSURE
AFTER THE ENTIRE ASSEMBLY REACHES EQULLIBRIUM.
7. A 1GM NITROGEN UNDERGOES THE FOLLOWING SEQUENCE OF PROCESS IN A
PISTON CYLINDER ARRANGEMENT:

(i) AN ADIABATIC EXPANSION IN WHICH VOLUME DOUBLES.

(ii) A CONSTANT PRESSURE PROCESS IN WHICH VOLUME REDUCES TO ITS
ORIGINAL VALUE.
(iii) A CONSTANT COMPRESSION BACK TO ITS INITIAL STATE
REPRESENT THE CYCLE ON P-V DIAGRAM AND CALCULATE THE WORK
DONE.
8. AN INSULATED PRESSURE VESSEL IS DIVIDED INTO TWO COMPARTMENTS BY
A MOVABLE PISTON. ONE PART OF THE VESSEL IS OCCUPIED BY AN IDEAL AT
P1, V1, T1 AND THE OTHER PART IS OCCUPIED WITH BY THE SAME GAS AT A
PRESSURE P2, V2, AND T2. THE PARTITION IS THEN REMOVED AND THE TWO
PORTION IS MIXED THEN SHOW THAT

9. AN IDEAL GAS IS HEATED AT CONSTANT VOLUME UNTIL ITS TEMPERATURE

IS 3 TIMES THE ORIGINAL TEMPRATURE THEN IT IS EXPANDED
ISOTHERMALLY TO REACH ITS ORIGINAL PRESSURE. THE GAS IS THEN
COOLED AT CONSTANT PRESSURE TILL IT RESTORED TO ORIGINAL STATE.
DETERMINE THE NET WORKDONE PER KG OF GAS IN TERMS OF GAS
CONSTANT. (ASSUME T1=350 K).

10. AIR AT AN INITIAL TEMPERATURE OF 300 K AND VOLUME OF 0.002 M3 IS

CONTAINED IN A PISTON CYLINDER ASSEMBLY. HEAT IS ADDED TO AIR AND
IT EXPANDS SLOWLY TO OCCUPY A FINAL VOLUME OF 0.003 M3. AREA OF THE
PISTON IS 0.02 M2 AND THE SPRING (K=10KN/M) AND INITIALLY SPRING DOES
NOT EXERT ANY FORCE ON IT. FIND THE FINAL PRESSURE. (PATM = 100 KPA).

11. A FLUID IS CONFINED IN A CYLINDER BY A SPRING LOADED BY FRICTION

LESS PISTON SO THAT THE PRESSURE IN THE FLUID IS A LINEAR FUNCTION
P = A + BV
WHERE A AND B ARE CONSTANTS AND INTERNAL ENERGY OF THE FLUID
U = 34 + 3.15PV, WHERE U IS IN KJ, P IN KPA, V IN M3. IF THE FLUID CHANGES
ITS STATE FROM AN INTIAL PRESSURE OF 170 KPA AND VOLUME 0.03 M3 TO
FINAL PRESSURE 400 KPA AND VOLUME 0.06 M3. FIND THE MAGNITUDE OF
HEAT AND WORK.
12. AIR IS CONTAINED IN PISTON CYLINDER ASSEMBLY WITH AREA OF
CROSSECTION 4 CM2. THE INITIAL STATE OF AIR IS 20 CM3, 1 ATM AND 20°C.
A SPRING IS CONNECTED TO PISTON CYLINDER ASSEMBLY HAVING SPRING
CONSTANT OF 100 N/CM AND SPRING IS INITIALLY UNDEFORMED POSITION.
HOW MUCH HEAT MUST BE SUPPLIED TO AIR TO INCREASE ITS PRESSURE
TO 3 ATM.

13. DERIVE ALL THE THREE ENROPY FORMULAE AND BY THE THIRD FORMULA
SHOW THAT FOR AN IDEAL GAS UNDERGOING AN ISENTROPIC CHANGE OF
STATE WITH CONSTANT SPECIFIC HEAT
PVɣ =C
14. A GAS OBEYS THE EQUATION P(V-B) = RT
WHERE B = CONSTANT. THE INTERNAL ENERGY OF THIS GAS „U‟ OBEYS
THE EQUATION U = CVT + CONSTANT; FOR A REVERSIBLE ADIABATIC
PROCESS EXECUTED BY THIS GAS SHOW THAT
P (V-B)ɣ = C.

15. THE SPECIFIC HEAT OF THE GAS ARE OF THE FORM CP = A + KT; CV = B + KT;
WHERE K, A, AND B ARE CONSTANT AND „T‟ IS THE TEMPERATURE IN K.
THEN DERIVE THE FORMULA
TB V(A-B) eKT = CONSTANT

16. AN IDEAL GAS IS HEATED FROM TEMPERATURE T1 TO T2 AT CONTANT

VOLUME. THE GAS IS EXPANDEDBACK TO ITS INITIAL TEMPERATURE
ACCORDING TO THE LAW PVn = C. IF THE ENTROPY CHANGE IN THE TWO
PROCESS ARE EQUAL THE DERIVE THE EXPRESSION FOR POLYTROPIC INDEX
„n‟ IN TERMS OF „ɣ‟.

17. TWO INITIAL BODIES OF EQUAL MASS „M‟ AND SPECIFIC HEAT „C‟ INITIALLY
AT TEMPRATURE „T1‟ AND „T2‟ BOTH IN K ARE USED AS A RESERVOIR FOR A
HEAT ENGINE OPERATING IT FOR A REVERSIBLE CYCLE. THE BODY MAY BE
TREATED AS OPERATING AT CONSTANT PRESSURE. IF THE ENGINE
INTERACT WITH THE RESERVOIR UNTIL THEY ATTAIN THE SAME FINAL
TEMPERATURE. FIND OUT THE EXPRESSION OF FINAL TEMPERATURE AND
MAXIMUM WORKDONE.
18. A LIQUID OF MASS „M‟ AT A TEMPERATURE „T1‟ IS MIXED WITH EQUAL
AMOUNT OF SAME LIQUID AT A TEMPERATURE „T2‟. THE SPECIFIC HEAT OF
LIQUID IS „C‟. THEN DERIVE THE EXPRESSION FOR THE TOTAL ENTROPY
CHANGE DUE TO MIXING PROCESS.

19. AIR AT INITIAL TEMPERATURE OF 300 K AND A VOLUME OF 0.002 M3 IS

CONTAINED IN A PISTON CYLINDER ARRANGEMENT. HEAT IS ADDED TO THE
AIR AND IT EXPANDS SLOWLY TO OCCUPY A FINAL VOLUME OF 0.003 M3.
AREA OF THE PISTON IS 0.02 M2 AND SPRING CONSTANT OF 10 KN/M. THE
ATMOSPHERIC PREESURE IS ASSUMED TO BE 100 KPA. THE SPRING IS
INITIALLY UNDEFORMED POSITION. FIND THE FINAL PRESSURE AND
ENTROPY CHANGE FROM INITIAL STATE TO FINAL STATE.

20. A REVERSIBLE HEAT ENGINE OPERATING BETWEEN A THERMAL RESEVOIR

OF 800°C AND 30°C DRIVES A REVERSIBLE REFRIGERATOR WHICH HAS A
SPACE AT -15°C AND DELIVERS HEAT TO THE THERMAL RESERVOIR AT 30°C.
THE HEAT INPUT TO THE ENGINE IS 1900 KJ. THERE IS A NET WORK OUTPUT
FROM COMBINED PLANT OF 290 KJ. DETERMINE HEAT TRANSFER TO THE
REFRIGERATOR IN KJ AND TOTAL HEAT TRANSFER TO THE 30°C THERMAL
RESERVOIR.

21. 0.5 KG OF AIR EXECUTES A CARNOT CYCLE HAVING EFFICIENCY OF 50%. THE
HEAT TRANSFER TO THE AIR DURING ISOTHERMAL EXPANSION IS 40 KJ. AT
THE BEGINNING OF ISOTHERMAL EXPANSION THE PRESSURE IS 7 BAR AND
THE VOLUME IS 0.12 M3. DETERMINE THE MAXIMUM AND MINIMUM
TEMPERATURE OF GAS IN K, VOLUME AT THE END OF ISOTHERMAL
EXPANSION IN M3 AND ALSO SHOW THAT THE WORK TRANSFER AND HEAT
TRANSFER FOR EACH OF THE FOUR PROCESS IN KJ.

22. A REVERSIBLE HEAT ENGINE ABSORBS HEAT ENERGY FROM A STREAM OF

HOT GASES WHOSE TEMPERATURE IS FALLING FROM T1 TO T2. THE ENGINE
REJECTS HEAT TO A CONSTANT TEMPERATURE SINK AT To. ASSUME THAT
ANY REVERSIBLE CYCLE OPERATING UNDER THESE CONDITIONS. SHOW
THAT MAXIMUM EFFICIENCY OF THIS ENGINE IS
( ) ( )
23. A SYSTEM MAINTAINED AT CONSTANT VOLUME IS INITIALLY AT A
TEMPERATURE T1 AND A HEAT RESERVOIR AT THE LOWER TEMPERATURE
T0 IS AVAILABLE. DETERMINE THE MAXIMUM WORK OBTAINBLE AS THE
SYSTEM IS COOLED TO TEMPERATURE T0.

24. TWO CARNOT REFRIGERATOR A AND B ARE ARRANGED IN SERIES.

WORKOUT THE FOLLOWING EXPRESSION FOR THE COP OF THE COMPOSITE
SYSTEM.

25. DERIVE ALL THREE TDS EQUATIONS.

26. DERIVE THE EQUATION

27. THE GAS IN A SYSTEM RECEIVES HEAT WHICH CAUSES EXPANSION

AGAINST A CONSTANT PRESSURE OF 2 BAR. AN AGITATOR IN THE SYSTEM
IS DRIVEN BY AN ELECTRIC MOTOR USING 100 W. FOR 4 KJ OF HEAT
SUPPLIED THE VOLUME INCREASE OF THE SYSTEM IN 30 SECONDS IS 0.06
M3 . ESTIMATE THE NET CHANGE IN THE ENERGY OF THE SYSTEM.

28. 0.3 KG OF NITROGEN GAS AT 100 KPA AND 40°C IS CONTAINED IN A

CYLINDER. THE PISTON IS MOVED COMPRESSING NITROGEN UNTIL THE
PRESSURE BECOMES 1 MPA AND TEMPERATURE BECOMES 160°C. THE
WORK DONE DURING THE PROCESS IS 30 KJ. CALCULATE THE HEAT
TRANSFERRED FROM NITROGEN TO THE SURROUNDINGS. CV FOR
NITROGEN = 0.75KJ/KG-K.

29. A CYCLIC HEAT ENGINE OPERATES BETWEEN A SOURCE TEMPERATURE OF

723°C AND SINK TEMPERATURE OF 28°C. WHAT IS THE LEAST RATE OF
HEAT REJECTION PER KW NET OUTPUT OF THE ENGINE? ALSO SHOW THE
BLOCK DIAGRAM.
30. STATE KELVIN-PLANK AND CLAUSIUS STATEMENT OF 2ND LAW OF
THERMODYNAMICS.

31. A MIXTURE OF GASES EXPANDS AT CONSTANT PRESSURE FROM 1 MPA, 0.03

M3 TO 0.06 M3 WITH 90 KJ HEAT TRANSFER TO THE SYSTEM. THERE IS NO
WORK OTHER THAN WORKDONE ON A PISTON. FIND THE CHANGE IN
INTERNAL ENERGY OF THE MIXTURE.

32. THE PROPERTIES OF A CERTAIN FLUID ARE RELATED AS FOLLOWS :

U = 196 + 0.718T
PV = 0.287(T + 273)
WHERE U IS THE SPECIFIC INTERNAL ENERGY (KJ/KG), T IS IN °C, P IS
PRESSURE (KN/M2), AND V IS THE SPECIFIC VOLUME (M3/KG). FOR THIS
FLUID, FIND CV AND CP.

33. DRAW THE PHASE DIAGRAM ON P-V COORDINATES FOR A SUBSTANCE

WHICH SHRINKS IN VOLUME ON MELTING. EXPLAIN THE RELEVANT
CONSTANT PROPERTY LINES.

34. PROVE THAT A SYSTEM WHICH VIOLATES THE KELVIN-PLANK

STATEMENT OF SECOND LAW ALSO VIOLATES THE CLAUSIUS STATEMENT
OF THE SECOND LAW.

35. A REVERSIBLE HEAT ENGINE OPERATES BETWEEN TWO RESERVOIRS AT

TEMPERATURES OF 600°C AND 40°C. THE ENGINE DERIVES A REVERSIBLE
REFRIGERATOR WHICH OPERATES BETWEEN RESERVOIRS AT
TEMPERATURES OF 40°C AND -20°C. THE HEAT TRANSFER TO THE HEAT
ENGINE IS 2000 KJ AND NET WORK OUTPUT OF THE COMBINED ENGINE
REFRIGERATOR PLANT IS 360 KJ.
(i) DETERMINE THE HEAT TRANSFER TO THE REFRIGERANT AND THE
NET HEAT TRANSFER TO THE RESERVOIR AT 40°C.
(ii) ALSO DETERMINE THE SAME PARAMETERS AS GIVEN IN (i) WHEN THE
EFFICIENCY OF THE HEAT ENGINE AND COP OF THE REFRIGERATOR
ARE EACH 40% OF THEIR MAXIMUM POSSIBBLE.
 THEORY OF MACHINE

1. DERIVE AN EXPRESSION FOR THE MINIMUM NUMBER OF TEETH REQUIRED ON

THE PINION IN ORDER TO AVOID INTERFERNCE IN INVOLUTE GEAR TEETH
WHEN IT MESHES WITH THE WHEEL.

2. CLASSIFY DIFFERENT TYPES OF KINEMATIC PAIR ACCORDING TO RELATIVE

MOTION, TYPE OF CONTACT, AND TYPE OF CLOSURE.

3. EXPLAIN GRABULERS EQUATIONS. CLASSIFY VARIOUS INVERSIONS OF FOUR

BAR MECHANISMS.

4. DEFINE AND EXPLAIN THE FOLLOWING TERMS RELATING TO GOVERNORS :

(i) SENSITIVENESS
(ii) STABILITY
(iii) ISOCHRONISM
(iv) HUNTING

5. DEFINE THE TERMS COEFFICIENT OF FLUCTUATION OF ENERGY AND SPEED IN

THE CASE OF FLYWHEELS.

6. EXPLAIN THE FOLLOWING TERMS :

(i) MODULE
(ii) PRESSURE ANGLE
(iii) ADDENDUM

7. DEFINE FOUR BAR CHAIN MECHANISM AND STATE THE GRASHOF‟S LAW FOR
THE FOUR BAR CHAIN LINKAGE.

8. COMPARE THE FUNCTIONS OF FLYWHEEL AND MECHANICAL GOVERNOR.

9. WITH THE HELP OF NEAT SKETCH DEFINE PRESSURE ANGLE FOR GEAR TRAIN
AND CAM FOLLOWER MECHANISMS.
10. COMPARE THE INVOLUTE AND CYCLOIDAL PROFILES OF GEAR TOOTH.

11. WHAT IS THE LAW OF MACHINE? ALSO FIND OUT RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN
LOAD, MECHANICAL ADVANTAGE AND EFFICIENCY.

12. FIND OUT THE CONDITIONS FOR CONSTANT VELOCITY RATIO BETWEEN TWO
GEAR WHEELS.

13. DRAW ROLLER FOLLOWER – CAM MECHANISM AND DESCRIBE THE

TECHNOLOGY
(i) BASE CIRCLE
(ii) PITCH CURVE
(iii) PRIME CIRCLE
(iv) PRESSURE ANGLE AND PITCH POINT.

14. EXPLAIN:
(i) WATT GOVERNOR
(ii) PORTER GOVERNOR

15. EXPLAIN ABOUT HELICAL AND BEVEL GEARS WITH APPLICATIONS.

16. EXPLAIN THE ACKERMANN STEERING GEAR MECHANISM.

17. WRITE ABOUT GRUBLER‟S CRITERIA FOR PLANAR MECHANISM.

18. WITH NEAT SKETCH EXPLAIN GEAR TOOTH NOMENCLATURE.

19. EXPLAIN :
(i) TURNING MOMENT DIAGRAM
(ii) FLYWHEEL OF A PUNCH PRESS.

20. EXPLAIN THE FUNCTIONS OF HARTNELL GOVERNOR.

21. WITH THE HELP OF NEAT SKETCH, DESCRIBE CRANK AND SLOTTED LEVER
MECHANISM.

22. EXPLAIN THE INVERSION OF FOUR BAR, SINGLE SLIDER, DOUBLE SLIDER
MECHANISMS WITH A SUITABLE DIAGRAM.

23. STATE THE LAW OF GEARING. DEDUCE EXPRESSIONS FOR PATH OF CONTACT,
ARC OF CONTACT AND CONTACT RATIO.

24. A PUNCHING PRESS IS DESIRED TO PUNCH 720 HOLES/HR. EACH DIAMETER IS 2

MM AND THICKNESS OF SHEET IS 3 MM. IT REQUIRES 20 KJ OF ENERGY PER
MM2 OF SHEARED AREA. IF EACH PUCHNIG OPERATION TAKES SECOND AND
THE SPEED OF FLYWHEEL IS REDUCED FROM 100 R.P.M. TO 80 R.P.M. DURING
PUNCHING. FIND THE MASS OF FLYWHEEL REQUIRED IN ORDER TO HAVE
DESIRED PUNCHING OPERATION IF THE RADIUS OF GYRATION OF FLYWHEEL
IS 0.3 MM.
25. EXPLAIN WATT‟S INDICATOR DIAGRAM WITH A NEAT SKETCH.

26. CLASSIFY EXACT STRAIGHT LINE AND APPROXIMATE STRAIGHT LINE

MECHANISMS.

27. EXPLAIN THE LAW OF GEARING WITH AN EXPRESSION IF REQUIRED.

28. DERIVE THE EXPRESSION FOR PATH OF CONTACT, ARC OF CONTACT AND
CONTACT RATIO FOR A GEAR.

29. DERIVE THE EXPRESSIONS FOR DISPLACEMENT, VELOCITY AND

ACCELERATION OF A PISTON MOTION INSIDE A CYLINDER.

30. EXPLAIN THE DYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF SINGLE SLIDER CRANKS MECHANISM.

31. DERIVE FOR FLYWHEEL MAXIMUM ENERGY FLUCTUATION.

32. EXPLAIN THE DESIGNING OF FLYWHEEL.

33. WRITE DOWN THE EFFECTS OF PARTIAL BALANCING ON TWO-WHEEL

LOCOMOTIVE.

PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY

CASTING PROCESS:

1. WHAT ARE THE COMMON DEFECTS OF CASTING? STATE THEIR CAUSES AND
REMEDIES.

2. DISCUSS VARIOUS DEFECTS IS CASTING BASED ON

(i) MELTING AND POURING OF MOLTEN METALS
(ii) GATING AND RISERING OF MOULD.

3. WHAT ARE THE IMPORTANT PROPERTIES OF MOULDING SAND?

4. EXPLAIN DIFFERENT TYPES OF PATTERN USED IN FOUNDRY.

5. EXPLAIN CASTING PROCESS. ENLISTS THE ADVANTAGES AND LIMITATIONS OF

CASTINGS.

6. WRITE FIVE TYPES OF ALLOWANCES PROVIDED ON PATTERN AND EXPLAIN

THEM.

7. `ENLISTS THE MATERIALS USED FOR THE MAKING OF PATTERNS IN FOUNDRY.

8. EXPLAIN THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF MOULDING SAND USED IN CASTING

PROCESS.
9. EXPLAIN THE ELEMENTS OF GATING DESIGN WITH A NEAT AND CLEAN
DIAGRAM WITH PROPER LABELING.

10. A HOLLOW CASTING IS PRODUCED BY USING A CYLINDRICAL CORE WITH

SAME HEIGHT AND DIAMETER OF 100 MM. DENSITY OF LIQUID METAL IS 2600
KG/M3 AND THE DENSITY OF CORE MATERIAL IS 1600 KG/M3. CALCULATE NET
FORCE ON CORE.

11. CALCULATE THE DIMENSIONS OF SPRUE TO AVOID AIR ASPIRATION EFFECT

AND TO FEED THE LIQUID METAL AT A RATE OF 20 KG/S. DENSITY OF LIQUID
METAL IS 7800 KG/M3 AND HEIGHT OF SPRUE IS 16 CM. THE HEIGHT OF THE
POURING BASIN 9 CM.

12. DERIVE THE EXPRESSIONS FOR FILLING TIME OF CASTING FOR TOP GATING
AND BOTTOM GATING WITH PROPER EXPALANATIONS.

13. WHAT IS FLUIDITY AND HOW ITS TEST IS PERFORMED ON MOLTEN METAL.
WRITE THE FACTORS AFFECTING FLUIDITY.

14. DIFFERENTIATE BETWEEN PRESSURIZED AND UNPRESSURIZED CASTING.

15. A CUBICAL CASTING WILL SOLIDIFY IN 5 MINUTES. WHAT IS THE

SOLIDIFICATION TIME OF SAME CUBICAL CASTING WHICH IS 8 TIMES
HEAVIER THAN ORIGINAL CASTING?

16. PROVE THAT SPHERE WILL TAKE MORE SOLIDIFICATION TIME WHEN
COMPARED TO CYLINDER WHICH IS HAVING SAME HEIGHT AND DIAMETER.
BOTH ARE MADE OF SAME MATERIALS AND HAVING SAME VOLUME.

17. FIND THE OPTIMUM CONDITION FOR THE TOP AND THE SIDE RISER OS A
CASTING. ALSO WRITE THE METHODS OF IMPROVING EFFICIENCY OF RISER.

18. CLASSIFY CASTING TECHNIQUE ON THE BASIS OF TYPES OF MOULD.

19. DIFFERENTIATE BETWEEN CENTRIFUGAL CASTING AND CENTRIFUSING.ALSO
DIFFERENTIATES BETWEEN GRAVITY DIE CASTING AND PRESSURE DIE
CASTING.

WELDING:

20. CLASSIFY WELDING PROCESS. ENLIST THEIR ADVANTAGES AND

DISADVANTAGES.

21. ARC LENGTH OF VOLTAGE CHARACTERISTICS IS GIVEN BY VA = 20 + 4LA.

ARC LENGTH IN WELDING PROCESS CHANGES BETWEEN 4 MM TO 6 MM AND
CORRESPONDING CURRENT CHANGE FROM 450 A TO 550 A. ASSUMING
LINEAR POWER SOURCE.

22. WHAT IS ARC BLOW AND WRITE DOWN ITS REMEDIES? WHAT ARE THE
FUNCTIONS OF FLUX COATING?

23. EXPLAIN THERMIT WELDING USED IN JOINING OF RAILS.

24. WHAT IS RESISTANCE WELDING? EXPALIN SPOT WELDING AND PROJECTION

WELDING.

25. EXPLAIN THE TIG WELDING PROCESS. MENTION THE APPLICATIONS.

26. WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN SOLDERING AND BRAZING?

27. DESCRIBE WITH THE HELP OF NEAT SKETCHES, TIG WELDING AND MIG
WELDING.

28. DESCRIBE OXY ACETYLENE WELDING PROCESS. ALSO EXPLAIN THE TYPES
OF FLAMES USED IN IT.
29. WITH THE HELP OF NEAT SKETCH DESCRIBE ARC WELDING WITH COATED
ELECTRODE IN DETAIL.

30. WITH THE HELP OF FIGURE EXPLAIN DIFFERENT TYPES OF GAS FLAMES
PRODUCED IN OXY-ACETYLENE WELDING PROCESS.

31. EXPLAIN THE DEFECTS OF WELDING PROCESS AND THEIR REMEDIES. ALSO
EXPLAIN THE TERM „WELD DECAY‟ THAT OCCUR IN STAINLESS STEEL.

32. EXPLAIN THE PHENOMENON HEAT AFFECTED ZONE AND EXPLAIN THE
MOLECULAR STRUCTURE CHANGES DURING WELDING AND ITS EFFECT.

33. WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY WELDABILITY OF MATERIAL? WHAT ARE THE

MATERIALS USED FOR INCREASING THE WELDABILITY OF MATERIAL. AND
ALSO FACTORS AFFECTING WELDABILITY.

MATERIAL SCIENCE

34. EXPLAIN THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF MILD STEEL. GIVE TWO APPLICATIONS
FOR EACH.

35. DESCRIBE THE FOLLOWING HEAT TREATMENT OF STEEL :

(i) ANNEALING
(ii) NORMALIZING
(iii) CASE HARDENING

36. EXPLAIN TEMPERING PROCESS AND ITS CLASSIFICATION

(AUSTEMPERING/ISOTHERMAL QUENCHING AND MARTEMPERING/STEPPED
QUENCHING).

37. EXPLAIN VARIOUS ALLOYING ELEMENTS AND ALSO EXPALIN THEIR EFFECTS
ON THE PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS.
38. EXPLAIN IRON-CARBON PHASE DIAGRAM AND ALSO ENLISTS VARIOUS TYPES
OF REACTIONS INVOLVED IN THIS.

MILLING OPERATIONS:

39. DIFFERENTIATE BETWEEN UP-MILLING AND DOWN-MILLING. ALSO EXPLAIN

THEIR APPLICATIONS.

40. WHAT IS MILLING OPERATION? ALSO DESCRIBE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN UP

AND DOWN MILLING.

41. WHAT IS INDEXING IN MILLING MACHINE? EXPLAIN THE PROCEDURE USED IN

COMPOUND INDEXING.

42. GIVE THE CLASSIFICATION OF MILLLING MACHINES. ALSO EXPLAIN UP AND

DOWN MILLING.

GRINDING OPERATIONS:

43. WHAT ARE THE ADVANTAGES OF CENTRELESS GRINDING?

44. EXPLAIN CENTRELESS GRINDERS. GIVE SKETCHES FOR EXTERNAL

CENTRELESS GRINDING AND WRITE ABOUT
(i) TROUGH FEED
(ii) INFEED AND
(iii)ENDFEED

45. EXPLAIN VARIOUS PARAMETERS USED IN SELECTION OF GRINDING WHEEL.

.
46. EXPLAIN VARIOUS BONDING MATERIALS USED IN GRINDING OPERATIONS.
47. WHAT ARE JIG AND FIXTURES? EXPLAIN TWO TYPES FROM EACH.

48. ENLIST THE VARIOUS SURFACE FINISH PROCESS INVOVED IN

MANUFACTURING.

LATHE OPERATIONS:

49. EXPLAIN THE VARIOUS SAFETY PRECAUTIONS ASSOCIATED WITH LATHE.

50. DEFINE TOOL LIFE AND NAME THE VARIABLES WHICH AFFECT TOOL LIFE.

51. EXPLAIN ANY FIVE DIFFERENT OPERATIONS THAT CAN BE CARRIED OUT IN
LATHE.

52. DEFINE AND EXPLAIN WITH PROPER SKETCHES , THE FOLLOWING LATHE
OPERATIONS:
(i) GROOVING
(ii) CHAMFERING

53. EXPLAIN TAPER TURNING ON LATHE IN DETAIL.

54. DETERMINE THE ANGLE AT WHICH THE COMPOUND REST WOULD BE

SWIVELLED FOR CUTTING A TAPER ON A WORKPIECE HAVING A LENGTH OF 15
MM AND OUTSIDE DIAMETER 80 MM. THE SMALLEST DIAMETER ON THE
TAPERED END OF THE ROD SHOULD BE 50 MM AND THE REQUIRED LENGTH OF
THE TAPERED PORTION IS 80 MM.

55. WHAT ARE THE ADVANTAGES OF USING TAPER TURNING ATTACHMENT IN

LATHE?

56. EXPLAIN CUTTING SPEED, FEED AND DEPTH OF CUT IN CASE OF LATHE.

57. WITH A NEAT SKETCH, SHOW THE DETAILS OF A TAIL STOCK.

 DRILLING OPERATIONS:

58. DESCRIBE WITH FIGURE THE CONSTRUCTIONAL FEATURES OF A TWIST DRILL

AND LABEL THE FEATURES.

59. WITH THE HELP OF NEAT FIGURE EXPLAIN THE DIFFERENT NOMENCLATURE
OF TWISTED DRILL BIT USED IN DRILLING MACHINE.

60. CALCULATE THE TIME REQUIRED DRILLING A 25 MM DIAMETER HOLE IN A

WORK PIECE HAVING THICKNESS OF 60 MM TO THE COMPLETE DEPTH. THE
CUTTING SPEED IS 14 M/MIN AND FEED IS 0.3 MM/REV. ASSUMES LENGTH OF
APPROACH AND OVERTRAVEL IS 5 MM.

SHAPER AND SLOTTER:

61. EXPLAIN TOOL HEAD OF A SHAPER WITH THE HELP OF A NEAT SKETCH.

62. MENTION ATLEAST FIVE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN SHAPER AND SLOTTING

MACHINES

63. EXPALIN WITH FIGURE THE QUICK RETURN MECHANISM USED IN SHAPERS.

METAL CUTTING OPERATIONS:

64. WITH THE HELP OF NEAT SKETCH, DESCRIBE A SINGLE POINT CUTTING TOOL
AND ITS SIGNATURE RECORDING TO AMERICAN STANDARD SYSTEM.
FORGING OPERATIONS:
65. WHAT DO YOU UNDERSTAND BY FORGING PROCESS? ALSO DISCUSS ITS
TYPES.

66. EXPLAIN VARIOUS DEFECTS IN FORGING OPERATION.

ROLLING OPERATIONS:

67. WHAT ARE HOT AND COLD ROLLING AND WHAT ARE THEIR EFFECTS ON THE
PROPERTIES OF MATERIAL BEING ROLLED. ALSO EXPALIN
(i) TREAD ROLLING
(ii) RING ROLLING.
 STRENGTH OF MATERIALS
1. A METALLIC BAR, 300 MM x 100 MM x 40 MM, IS SUBJECTED TO A FORCE OF 5
KN, 6 KN AND 4 KN (ALL ARE TENSILE) ALONG X, Y AND Z DIRECTIONS
RESPECTIVELY. DETERMINE THE CHANGE IN THE VOLUME OF THE BLOCK. E
= 2 x 105 N/MM2 AND POISSON‟S RATIO = 0.25.

2. DERIVE THE BENDING MOMENT EQUATION OF A BEAM WITH THE USUAL

NOTATIONS.

3. DEFINE THE TERM POLAR MODULOUS. FIND THE EXPRESSIONS OF POLAR

MODULOUS FOR A SOLID SHAFT AND FOR A HOLLOW SHAFT. ALSO GIVE THE
EXPRESSION FOR TORSIONAL RIGIDITY OF THE SHAFT.

4. A SIMPLY SUPPORTED BEAM AB OF THE LENGTH 6 M IS HINGED AT A AND B.

IT IS SUBJECTED TO A CLOCKWISE COUPLE OF 24 KNM AT A DISTANCE OF 2
M. DRAW THE SHEAR FORCE AND BENDING MOMENT DIAGRAMS.

5. DEFINE THE FOLLOWING TERMS:

(i) ANGLE OF FRICTION
(ii) COEFFICIENT OF FRICTION
(iii) ANGLE OF REPOSE
(iv) POISSON‟S RATIO
(v) ELASTIC LIMIT

6. A CANTILEVER BEAM OF 8 M LENGTH IS SUBJECTED TO POINT LOADS OF 10

KN, 15 KN, 25 KN AND 20 KN AT A DISTANCE OF 2 M, 4 M, 6 M AND 8 M
RESPECTIVELY FROM THE FIXED END. DRAW THE SHEAR FORCE DIAGRAM
AND BENDING MOMENT DIAGRAM.

7. FIND THE LOWEST SPEED AT WHICH 250 KW COULD BE TRANSMITTED

THROUGH A SHAFT OF DIAMETER 63 MM. THE MAXIMUM SHEAR STRESS IS
LIMITED TO 50 MPA. IF LENGTH OF THE SHAFT IS 6 M, FIND THE ANGLE OF
TWIST. TAKE G = 80 GPA.
8. IN SAPERATE EXPERIMENTS, YOUNG‟S MODULOUS AND THE MODULOUS OF
RIGIDITY OF A MATERIAL HAVE BEEN DETERMINED AT 120 GPA AND 50 GPA
RESPECTIVELY. CALCULATE POISSON‟S RATIO AND BULK MODULOUS OF
THE MATERIAL.

9. A CANTILEVER OF LENGTH 5 M IS LOADED AS SHOWN IN THE FIGURE

BELOW. DRAW THE SHEAR FOR DIAGRAM AND BENDING MOMENT DIAGRAM
FOR THE CANTILEVER BEAM.

10. DETERMINE THEMAXIMUM SHEAR STRESS INDUCED IN A SOLID CIRCULAR

SHAFT OF DIAMETER 15 CM WHEN THE SHAFT TRANSMITS 150 KW POWER
AT 180 RPM.

11. A THIN WALLED PRESSURE CYLINDER OF INTERNAL DIAMETER 1.25 M

CONTAINS A FLUID AT AN INTERNAL PRESSURE OF 2 N/MM2. DETERMINE
THE MAXIMUM THICKNESS OF THE CYLINDER IF:
(i) THE LONGITUDE STRESS IS NOT TO EXCEED 30 N/MM2.
(ii) THE CIRCUMFERENTIAL STRESS IS NOT TO EXCEED 45 N/MM2.

12. WRITE THE ASSUMPTIONS MADE IN EULER‟S COLUMN THEORY AND DEFINE
SLENDERNESS RATIO.

13. A SOLID SHAFT OF 80 MM DIAMETER IS TRANSMITTING 100 KW POWER AT

200 RPM. CALCULATE THE MAXIMUM SHEAR STRESS INDUCED IH THE
SHAFT AND THE ANGLE OF THE TWIST IN DEGREES FOR A LENGTH OF 6 M.
TAKE MODULOUS OF RIGIDITY OF THE MATERIAL = 80 GPA.

14. A STEEL ROD OF CROSS SECTIONAL AREA 2000 MM2 AND TWO BRASS RODS
EACH OF CROSS SECTIONAL AREA OF 1200 MM2 TOGETHER SUPPORT A
LOAD OF 500 KN AS SHOWN IN THE RODS. TAKE E FOR STEEL = 2 x 105 N/MM2
AND E FOR BRASS = 1 x 105 N/MM2.

15. A THICK CYLINDER 125 MM INSIDE DIAMETER IS SUBJECTED TO AN

INTERNAL FLUID PRESSURE OF 50 N/MM2. DETERMINE THE MAXIMUM AND
 MINIMUM INTENSITIES OF CIRCUMFERENTIAL STRESS AND SKETCH THE
DISTRIBUTION OF CIRCUMFERENTIAL STRESS INTENSITY AND RADIAL
PRESSURE INTENSITY ACROSS THE SECTION.

16. DETERMINE THE MAXIMUM TORQUE THAT CAN BE SAFELY APPLIED TO A

SHAFT OF 200 MM DIAMETER IF THE PERMISSIBLE ANGLE OF TWIST IS 1°
FOR A LENGTH OF 5 M AND THE PERMISSIBLE STRESS IS 45 N/MM2. TAKE
MODULOUS OF RIGIDITY = 80 GPA.

17. A STEEL BAR OF RECTANGULAR SECTION 50 MM x 30 MM AND LENGTH 1.5 M

IS SUBJECTED TO A GRADUALLY APPLIED LOAD OF 150 KN. FIND THE
STRAIN ENERGY STORED IN THE BAR. IF THE ELASTIC LIMIT OF THE
MATERIAL OF THE BAR IS 150 N/MM2, PROCEED TO DETERMINE THE PROOF
RESILENCE AND MODULOUS OF RESILENCE. TAKE E = 2 x 105 N/MM2.

18. A TIMBER BEAM OF RECTANGULAR SECTION IS TO SUPPORT A LOAD OF 20

KN UNIFORMLY DISTRIBUTED OVER A SPAN OF 4 M. IF THE DEPTH OF THE
SECTION IS TO BE TWICE THE BREADTH AND THE STRESS IN THE TIMBER IS
NOT TO EXCEED 7 MPA. FIND THE DIMENSIONS OF THE CROSSECTION.

19. DERIVE THE TORSION EQUATION FOR A SHAFT SUBJECTED TO PURE

TORSION.

20. EXPLAIN THE SALIENT FEATURES AND BEHAVIOUR OF THE STRESS-STRAIN

CURVE FOR A TENSILE MATERIAL WITH THE FIGURE.

21. A RECTANGULAR WITH DEPTH 150 MM AND WIDTH 100 MM IS SUBJECTED

TO A MAXIMUM BENDING MOMENT OF 300 KNM. DETERMINE MAXIMUM
STRESS IN THE BEAM, RADIUS OF CURVATURE WHEN THE BENDING IS
MAXIMUM AND BENDING STRESS AT A DISTANCE OF 40 MM FROM THE TOP
SURFACE OF THE BEAM. E FOR THE BEAM IS 200 GPA.
22. A SOLID CIRCULAR SHAFT TRANSMITS 80 KW OF POWER WHILE TURNING
200 REVOLUTIONS PER MINUTE. WORK OUT SUITABLE DIAMETER OF THE
SHAFT IF THE SHEAR STRESS IS LIMITED TO 60 MN/MM2 AND THE TWIST IN
THE SHAFT IS NOT TO EXCEED 1 DEGREE IN 2 M OF LENGTH. ASSUME
UNIFORM TURNING MOMENT AND TAKE MODULOUS OF RIGIDITY OF THE
SHAFT MATERIAL C = 100 GN/M2.

23. A LOAD OF 270 KN IS APPLIED ON A SHORT CONCRETE COLUMN 250 MM x

250 MM. THE COLUMN IS REINFORCED WITH 8 BARS OF 16 MM DIAMETER. IF
THE MODULOUS OF ELASTICITY FOR STEEL IS 18 TIMES THAT OF
CONCRETE, FIND THE STRESS IN THE CONCRETE AND STEEL.
IF THE STRESS IN CONCRETE IS LIMITED TO 4 N/MM2, FIND THE AREA OF
STEEL REQUIRED SO THAT THE COLUMN MAY SUPPORT A LOAD OF 400 KN.

24. DRAW THE B.M. AND S.F. DIAGRAMS FOR THE OVERHANGING BEAM
CARRYING LOADS AS SHOWN IN FIGURE GIVEN BELOW.
MARK THE VALUES OF THE PRINCIPAL ORDINATES AND LOACATE THE
POINT OF CONTRAFLEXURE.

25. WRITE THE ASSUMPTIONS MADE IN STRENGTH OF MATERIALS EQUATIONS.

26. CLASSIFY LOADS.

27. DIFFERENTIATE BETWEEN:

(i) STRESS AND PRESSURE
(ii) DUCTILE AND BRITTLE MATERIALS.

28. EXPRESSION FOR NORMAL STRESS AND SHEAR STRESS DEVELOPED ON AN

OBLIGUE PLANE UNDER AXIAL LOADING.

29. WHAT IS STRAIN TENSOR? DEDUCE THE COLCLUSION INVOLVED IN IT.

30. WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY A HOMOGENOUS AND ISOTROPIC MATERIAL?

ALSO EXPLAIN ORTHOTROPIC AND ANISOTRPIC MATERIAL.
31. DEDUCE THE EXPRESSION BELOW FOR A MATERIAL:

32. SHOW THAT THE EXPRESSION FOR VOLUMETERIC STRAIN UNDER TRIAXIAL
LOADING IS GIVEN BY:
( )

33. DERIVE THE EXPRESSION FOR ELONGATION OF A TAPERED BAR AND FOR A
PRISMATIC BAR UNDER ITS SELF WEIGHT.

34. EXPLAIN THE TERMS:

(i) STRAIN ENERGY
(ii) RESILENCE
(iii) TOUGHNESS

35. DEDUCE EXPRESSION FOR STRAIN ENERGY STORED BY A CONICAL BAR

UNDER ITS SELF WEIGHT.

36. WHAT IS IMPACT STRESSES? DEDUCE THE EXPRESSION RELEVANT TO

IMPACT STRESSES.

37. WHAT IS THE THERMAL STRESS GENERATED IN A CUBE PLACED ON A

TABLE. WRITE THE EXPRESSION FOR PARTIALLY RESTRICTED EXPANSION
IN ONE DIRECTION.

38. AN ALUMINIUM BAR OF 8 M LENGTH AND STEEL BAR 5 MM LONGER IN

LENGTH ARE KEPT AT 30°C. IF THE AMBIENT TEMPERATURE IS RAISED
GRADUALLY. AT WHAT TEMPERATURE THE ALUMINIUM BAR WILL
ELONGATES 5 MM LONGER THAN STEEL BAR. ASSUME αS = 12 x 10-6/°C AND
αAL = 23 x 10-6/°C.

39. EXPLAIN THERMAL STRESSES IN COMPOUND AND COMPOSITE BAR.

40. DEDUCE THE EXPRESSIONS FOR DEFLECTION AND SLOPE FOR A CANTILEVER
BEAM HAVING A POINT LOAD AT THE FREE END.

41. FIND THE RECTANGULAR BEAM OF UNIFORM STRENGTH

(i) BY VARYING WIDTH AND KEEPING DEPTH AS CONSTANT.
(ii) BY VARYING DEPTH AND KEEPING WIDTH AS CONSTANT.

42. DERIVE THE SHEAR STRESS FORMULA AND RATIO OF MAXIMUM TO

AVERAGE SHEAR STRESS OF A RECTANGULAR SECTION. DIFFERENTIATE
BETWEEN SHEAR STRESS AND BENDING STRESS.

43. DETERMINE THE RATIO OF POWER TRANSMISSION CAPACITY OF SOLID AND

HOLLOW CIRCULAR SHAFT WHEN THEY ARE ROTATING AT SAME R.P.M.
ASSUMES MATERIAL, LENGTH, AND DIAMETER OF THE SHAFTS ARE SAME.

44. FIND OUT THE AMOUNT OF SAVING IN THE MATERIAL IF THE FOR A GIVEN
POWER SOLID SHAFT IS REPLACED BY A HOLLOW SHAFT.

45. DETERMINE THE FOLLOWING WHEN A PRISMATIC SHAFT OF DIAMETER „D‟

IS SUBJECTED TO AN UNIFORMLY DISTRIBUTED VARYING LOAD HAVING
AN INTENSITY „t‟ N-M/M AT THE FIXED END.
(i) MAXIMUM SHEAR STRESS
(ii) ANGLE OF TWIST
(iii) STRAIN ENERGY

46. DEDUCE EXPRESSION FOR NORMAL AND SHEAR STRESS DEVELOPED ON AN

OBLIGUE PLANE PASSING THROUGH A POINT UNDER BI AXIAL STATE OF
STRESS.

47. WRITE DOWN THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PRINCIPAL STRESS AND

PRINCIPAL STRESS ACTING AT A POINT.

48. WHAT IS STRAIN ROSETTE? CLASSIFY BASED ON ARRANGEMENT OF STRAIN

ROSETTE.
49. DEDUCE EXPRESSSION FOR HOOP STRESS, LONGITUDINAL STRESS, AND
MAXIMUM SHEAR STRESS OF THIN PRESSURE VESSELS. ALSO DEDUCE THE
EXPRESSIONS FOR THE VARIOUS STRAINS.

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE

1. WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY I.C. ENGINE? DIFFERENCE BETWEEN I.C. AND E.C.
ENGINES.
2. DEDUCE THE EXPRESSIONS FOR AIR STANDARD EFFICIENCY AND MEAN
EFFECTIVE PRESSURE AND THE CONDITIONS MAXIMUM WORK OUTPUT OF
OTTO CYCLE.
3. IN AN AIR STANDARD OTTO CYCLE, THE AMBIENT CONDITIONS DETERMINE
THE MINIMUM TEMPERATURE WHILE THE MAXIMUM TEMPERATURE IS
DETEREMINED BY DESIGNED CONDITIONS AND METALLURGICAL
CONDITIONS OF THE MATERIALS. FOR THE FIXED VALUE OF MINIMUM
TEMPERETURE OF T1 AND MINIMUM TEMPERATURE T3, SHOW THAT THE
FOLLOWINGS
r = (T3/T1)1/2(ɣ-1)

4. DERIVE THE THERMAL EFFICIENCY AND MEAN EFFECTIVE PRESSURE

EXPRESSIONS FOR AIR STANDARD DIESEL ENGINE.

5. DERIVE THE THERMAL EFFICIENCY AND MEAN EFFECTIVE PRESSURE

EXPRESSIONS FOR DUAL CYCLE.

6. THE COMPRESSION RATIO OF DIESEL CYCLE IS 18. DETERMINE THE

PERCENTAGE CHANGE IN THE EFFICIENCY OF THE CYCLE WHEN CUTOFF
CHANGES FROM 5% TO 15% OF THE STROKE.

7. THE EFFICIENCY OF AN OTTO CYCLE IS 0.54. THE PRESSURE AT THE START

OF COMPRESSION IS 1 BAR AND TEPERATURE 15°C. THE MAXIMUM
PRESSURE IS 75 BAR. DETERMINE THE HEAT ADDED, HEAT REJECTED, AND
 THE WORKDONE PER KG OF AIR. ALSO FIND THE MEAN EFFECTIVE
PRESSURE OF THE CYCLE. CV = 0.71 KJ/KG-K & R = 0.29 KJ/KG-K.

8. THE WORK DONE FOR A DIESEL CYCLE IS 1500 KJ. THE PRESSURE AT THE
START OF COMPRESSION IS 1 BAR. THE CLEARANCE RATIO 10%, CUTOFF 5%
OF THE STROKE. DETERMINE THE EFFICIENCY, PMEAN, THE RATIO OF
MAXIMUM PRESSURE TO MEAN EFFECTIVE PRESSURE. ALSO DTETRMINE
THE STROKE LENGTH IF THE LENGTH IS 1.5 TIMES THE CYLINDER BORE.

9. WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY MEAN EFFECTIVE PRESSURE? SHOW THAT THE

PMEAN OF THE OTTO CYCLE SHOWN

( )
( )( )

10. A FOUR CYLINDER TWO-STROKE PETROL ENGINE HAS PMEAN OF 10 BAR AND
THE MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY IS 75 %. IF THE DIAMETER OF THE CYLINDER
IS 10 CM AND STROKE LENGTH IS 15 CM, CALCULATE THE BRAKE POWER OF
THE ENGINE WHEN THE SPEED IS 2500 R.P.M. FIND THE BRAKE SPECIFIC
FEUL CONSUMPTION IF THE BRAKE THERMAL EFFICIENCY IS 30 %. THE
CALORIFIC VALUE OF THE FUEL IS 42000 KJ/KG.

11. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN A PETROL AND A DIESEL ENGINE

12. COMPARE THE WORKING PRINCIPLE OF 4-STROKE AND 2-STROKE CYCLES

OF INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES.

13. A S.I. ENGINE (6 CYLINDER- 4 STROKE) HAVING DIAMETER OF BORE AND

STROKE LENGTH IS 10 CM AND 12 CM RESPECTIVELY IS TESTED AT 4800
R.P.M. ON A DYNAMOMETER ARM OF 55 CM. DURING A 10 MINUTES TEST,
THE DYNAMOMETER READES 45 KG AND THE ENGINE CONSUMES 5 KG OF
PETROL. THE CALORIFIC VALUE OF THE FUEL IS 45 MJ/KG. THE CARBURETOR
RECIEVES THE AIR AT 29°C AND 1 BAR PRESSURE AT 10 KG/MIN. CALCULATE

(i) BRAKE POWER

(ii) B.PMEAN
 (iii) BSFC
(iv) BRAKE SPECIFIC AIR CONSUMPTION
(v) BRAKE THERMAL EFFICIENCY
(vi) AIR FLOW RATE
(vii) VOLUMETRIC EFFICIENCY

14. EXPLAIN THE TERM MISFIRING OR PREIGNITION.

15. EXPLAIN THE MORSE TEST OF AN I.C. ENGINE TO CALCULATE THE

INDIACTED POWER AND THE FRICTIONAL POWER.ALSO EXPLAIN THE
MOTORING TEST FOR A MOTOR.

16. A FOUR STROKE SINGLE CYLINDER PETROL ENGINE HAS A LOAD OF 30 KG

ON IT WITH DRUM DIAMETER AND SPEED RESPECTIVELY AT 900 MM AND
2000 R.P.M. ENGINE CONSUMES 0.15 KG/MIN. THE CALORIFIC VALUE OF THE
FUEL BEING 43.5 MJ/KG. THE FUEL SUPPLY WAS STOPPED AND WAS DRIVEN
BY A MOTOR WHICH NEEDED 5 KW OF POWER TO KEEP IT RUNNING AT THE
SAME SPEED, THE EFFICIENCY OF THE MOTOR BEING 80 %. THE ENGINE
CYLINDER BORE DIAMETER AND STROKE LENGTH RESPECTIVELY AT 150
MM AND 200 MM. CALCULATE
(i) BRAKE POWER
(ii) INDICATED POWER
(iii) ȠMECH
(iv) ȠB.T.
(v) ȠI.T.
(vi) B.PMEAN
(vii) I.PMEAN

17. WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY SUPERCHARGING? ENLISTS THE ADVANTAGES

AND DISADVANTAGES OF SUPERCHARGING.

18. EXPLAIN THE FUEL FLOW AND THE VARIATION OF AIR FUEL RATIO WITH
THE DENSITY.
19. EXPLAIN COMBUSTION PROCESSIN S.I. AND C.I. ENGINES. ALSO EXPLAIN
IGNITION DELAY OR IGNITION LAG FOR THE COMBUSTION.

20. WITH THE HELP OF P-V AND T-S DIAGRAMS, DESCRIBE DIESEL CYCLE.

21. MAKE A COMPARISION OF OTTO, DIESEL AND DUAL COMBUSTION CYCLE

FOR:
(i) MAXIMUM COMPRESSION RATIO AND SAME HEAT INPUT.
(ii) CONSTANT MAXIMUM PRESSURE AND SAME HEAT.
(iii) SAME MAXIMUM TEMPERATURE AND PRESSURE.

22. SHOWING OTTO CYCLE ON P-V AND T-S DIAGRAM, FIND OUT AIR
STANDARD EFFICIENCY OF THE CYCLE.

23. EXPLAIN NORMAL COMBUSTION PHENOMENON IN S.I. ENGINE.

24. WHAT IS AIR STANDARD CYCLE? DEFINE, AIR STANDARD EFFICIENCY AND
MENTION TE ASSUMPTION INVOLVED IN AIR STANDARD CYCLE.

25. EXPALIN THE PURPOSE OF COOLING SYSTEM IN IC ENGINES. ALSO MENTION

DIFFERENT TYPES OF COOLING SYSTEMS IN BRIEF.

26. DISCUSS VARIOUS TYPES OF COMBUSTION CHAMBERS FOR C.I. AND S.I.
ENGINES.

27. LIST OUT THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN:

(i) TWO STROKE AND FOUR STROKE IC ENGINES
(ii) PETROL AND DIESEL ENGINES

28. WITH THE HELP OF NEAT SKETCHES EXPLAIN THE WORKING OF A FOUR
STROKE DIESEL ENGINE.
29. SHOW THAT THE AIR STANDARD EFFICIENCY OF OTTO CYCLE DEPENDS ON
COMPRESSION RATIO ONLY.

30. DESCRIBE WORKING OF A SIMPLE PLAIN TUBE CARBURETTOR WITH THE

HELP OF A NEAT SKETCH.

FLUID MECHANICS

1. A 2 M LONG PIPELINE TAPERS UNIFORMLY FROM 10 CM DIAMETER TO 20 CM

DIAMETER AT ITS UPPER END. THE PIPE CENTRE LINE SLOPES UPWARDS AT
AN ANGLE OF 30° TO THE HORIZONTAL AND THE FLOW DIRECTIONS IS
FROM SMALLER TO BIGGER CROSSECTION. IF THE PRESSURE GAUGES
INTALLED AT THE LOWER AND UPPER END OF THE PIPE LINE READ 200 KPA
AND 230 KPA RESPECTIVELY. ASSUMES THAT NO ENERGY LOSS OCCURS.
CALCULATE THE FLOW RATE AND THE FLUID PRESSURE AT THE MID
LENGTH OF THE PIPE LINE.

2. A RECTANGULAR SLICE GATE, 4 M WIDE x 1 M DEEP, HAS BEEN INSTALLED

TO CONTROL THE DISCHARGE OF WATER. THE UPPER END A IS HINGED AND
LIES AT A DISTANCE OF 2 M FROM THE FREE SURFACE OF WATER. WHAT
FORCE NORMAL TO THE GATE SHOULD BE APPLIED AT THE LOWER END B
TO OPEN IT?

3. A TANK CONTAINS A LIQUID OF SPECIFIC GRAVITY 0.8. FIND THE ABSOLUTE

PRESSURE AND THE GAUGE PRESSURE AT A POINT WHICH IS 2 M BELOW
THE FREE SURFACE OF THE LIQUID. THE ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE HEAD IS
EQUIVALENT TO 760 MM OF MERCURY.

4. DEFINE THE FOLLOWING AND GIVE ONE PRACTICAL EXAMPLE OF EACH.

(i) LAMINAR FLOW
(ii) TURBULENT FLOW
 (iii) STEADY FLOW
(iv) UNIFORM FLOW
(v) UNSTEADY FLOW

5. DERIVE THE EXPRESSION :

CD = CV x CC
CD = COEFFICIENT OF DISCHARGE
CV = COEFFICIENT OF VELOCITY
CC = COEFFICIENT OF CONTRACTION

6. WHAT IS A SIPHON? WHERE IS IT USED? EXPLAIN ITS WORKING PRINCIPLE.

7. AN INVERTED U-TUBE HAS BEEN USED TO DETERMINE THE DIFFERENCE OF

PREESURE IN TWO PIPES CARRYING WATER AS SHOWN. DETERMINE THE
DIFFERENCE OF PRESSURE IN THE TWO PIPES IN TERMS OF HEAD OF WATER
AND N/CM2, IF THE DIFFERENCE OF LIQUID LEVEL IN INVERTED U-TUBE BE
10 CM.

8. A VENTURIMETER HAS AN AREA RATIO 9 TO 1, THE LARGER DIAMETER

BEING 30 CM. DURING THE FLOW, THE RECORDED PRESSURE HEAD IN THE
LARGER SECTION IS 6.5 M AND THAT AT THE THROAT 4.25 M. IF THE
COEFFICIENT OF DISCHARGE IS 0.99, COMPUTE THE DISCHARGE THROUGH
METER.

9. STATE THE BERNOULLI‟S THEOREM AND WRITE ITS LIMITATIONS.

10. WHAT IS THE NETON‟S LAW OF VISCOSITY? A PLATE 0.025 MM DISTANT

FROM THE FIXED PLATE, MOVES AT 60 CM/S AND REQUIES A FORCE OF 2
N/MM2 TO MAINTAIN THIS SPEED. DETERMINE THE VISCOSITY OF THE FLUID
BETWEEN THE PLATES.

11. DIFFERENTIATE BETWEEN:

(i) LAMINAR AND TURBULENT FLOW
(ii) COMPRESSIBLE AND INCOMPRESSIBLE FLOW
 (iii)ROTATIONAL AND IRROTATIONAL FLOW

12. WHAT IS THE PRINCIPLE ON WHICH PITOT TUBE WORKS? ALSO, SHOW THE
ARRANGEMENTS, ADOPTED WITH THE PITOT TUBE, IN ORDER TO GET THE
VELOCITY OF FLOW IN A PIPE AT ANY PIPE.

13. WHAT IS THE PRINCIPLE ON WHICH MANOMETER WORK? ALSO. EXPLAIN ITS
VARIOUS TYPES, WITH THEIR USE IN BRIEF.

14. THE DIAMETER OF A PIPE AT THE SECTION 1 AND 2 ARE 10 CM AND 15 CM

RESPECTIVELY. FIND THE DISCHERGE THROUGH THE PIPE IF THE VELOCITY
OF WATER FLOWING THROUGH THE PIPE AT SECTION 1 IS 5 M/S. DETERMINE
THE VELOCITY AT SECTION 2.

15. DERIVE THE CONTINUITY EQUATION IN DIFFERENTIAL FORM.

16. CALCULATE THE MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE DISCHARGE OF WATER THROUGH

A VENTURIMETER THROAT 5 CM, FITTED IN A 10 CM DIAMETER LINE WITH
ITS INLET AT AN OPEN CHANNEL. ASSUMES CD = 0.95.

17. DEFINE THE FOLLOWINGS:

(i) DENSITY
(ii) NEWTON‟S LAW OF VISCOSITY
(iii) COMPRESSIBILITY
(iv) SURFACE TENSION
(v) PRESSURE
HYDRAULIC MACHINES

1. EXPLAIN THE PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS OF CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS

WITH THE HELP OF FIGURES.

2. DEDUCE AN EXPRESSION FOR THE SPECIFIC SPEED OF A HYDRODYNAMIC

MACHINE AND POINT OUT HOW THE CLASSIFICATION OF TURBINES IS
BASED ON SPECIFIC SPEED.

3. WHAT IS CENTRIFUGAL PUMP? EXPLAIN THE WORKING OF A SINGLE- STAGE

CENTRIFUGAL PUMP WITH SHETCHES.

4. WHAT ARE THE VARIOUS CONSIDERATIONS BASED ON WHICH TURBINES

CAN BE CLASSIFIED?

5. EXPLAIN THE PERFORMANCE PARAMETER OF CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS.

6. WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY SPECIFIC SPEED OF A TURBINE? EXPLAIN.

7. WHAT WILL BE THE FORCE EXERTED BY

(i) DIRECT IMPACT OF A JET ON A STATIONARY FLAT PLATE
(ii) OBLIQUE IMPACT OF A JET ON A STATIONARY FLAT PLATE.
EXPLAIN WITH NEAT SKETCHES.

8. ESTABLISH THE RATIO FORCES EXERTED BY A WATER JET WHEN IT IS

MADE TO STRIKE:
(i) A STATIONARY FLAT PLATE HELD NORMAL TO IT
(ii) A FLAT PLATE MOVING IN THE DIRECTION OF JET AT ONE-THIRD THE
VELOCITY OF JET
(iii) A SERIES OF FLAT PLATES MOUNTED ON A WHEEL AND MOVING AT
ONE- THIRD THE VELOCITY OF JET.

9. DESCRIBE ABOUT FRANCIS TURBINE WITH RESPECT TO ITS COMPONENTS

PARTS, CONSTRUCTION AND OPERATION.
10. DERIVE THE EXPRESSION OF FLOW JET WHEN IT STRIKES TO THE
STATIONARY INCLINED PLATE. ALSO FIND THE DISHARGES SEPARATES AT
THE STRIKING POINT.

11. DERIVE THE EXPRESSIONS OF THE FORCES WHEN A JET STRIKES AT A

PLATE MOVING AND THE JET STRIKES AT THE TIP.

12. SHOW THAT WHEN A JET STRIKES ON A SERIES OF VANE THE MAXIMUM
EFFICIENCY IS 50%.

13. WHAT IS DRAFT TUBE? WHAT IS ITS FUNCTIONS? EXPLAIN THE DIFFERENT
TYPES OF DRAFT TUBES USED IN REACTION TURBINE.

14. WHAT IS MINIMUM SPEED FOR STARTING A CENTRIFUGAL PUMP? DERIVE

THE FORMULA FOR IT.

15. EXPLAIN THE TERMS:

(i) MULTISTAGING CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS FOR HIGH HEAD.
(ii) MULTISTAGING CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS FOR HIGH DISCHARGE.
(iii) PRIMING OF A CENTRIFUGAL PUMP
(iv) MAXIMUM SUCTION LIFT
(v) NPSH

16. WHAT IS CAVITATION? WHERE IT OCCURS? METHODS TO PREVENT

CAVITATION.

17. SHOW THAT EFFICIENCY OF A PELTON TURBINE IS MAXIMUM WHEN BLADE

SPEED IS EQUAL TO HALF OF THE JET SPEED.

18. A PELTON WHEEL IS TO BE DESIGNED FOR THE FOLLOWING

SPECIFICATIONS. SHAFT POWER = 11,772 KW ; HEAD = 380 M ; SPEED = 750
R.P.M. ; OVERALL EFFICIENCY = 86% ; JET DIAMETER IS NOT TO EXCEED
ONE-SIXTH OF THE WHEEL DIAMETER. DETERMINE:
 (i) THE WHEEL DIAMETER
(ii) THE NUMBER OF JETS REQUIRED
(iii) DIAMETER OF JET.
KV = 0.985 AND KU = 0.45.

19. THE PENSTOCK SUPPLIES WATER FROM A RESERVOIR TO THE PELTON

WHEEL WITH A GROSS HEAD OF 500 M. ONE THIRD OF THE GROSS HEAD IS
LOST IN FRICTION IN THE PENSTOCK. THE RATE OF FLOW OF WATER
THROUGH THE NOZZLE FITTED AT THE END OF THE PENSTOCK IS 2 M3/S.
THE DEFLECTION ANGLE OF THE JET IS 165°. DETERMINE THE POWER GIVEN
BY THE WATER TO THE RUNNER AND ALSO HYDRAULIC EFFICIENCY OF
THE PELTON TURBINE.

20. A REACTION TURBINE WORKS AT 450 R.P.M. UNDER A LOAD OF 120 M. ITS
DIAMETER AT INLET IS 120 CM AND THE FLOW AREA IS 0.4 M2. THE ANGLES
MADE BY ABSOLUTE AND RELATIVE VELOCITIES AT THE INLET ARE 20°
AND 60° RESPECTIVELY WITH THE TANGENTIAL VELOCITY. DETERMINE :
(i) THE VOLUME FLOW RATE
(ii) THE POWER DEVELOPED
(iii) HYDRAULIC EFFICIENCY

21. EXPLAIN THE GOVERNING OF STEAM TURBINE.

MACHINE DESIGN

1. DETERMINE THE WIDTH OF A 9.75 CM THICK BELT REQUIRED TO TRANSMIT

15 KW FROM A MOTOR RUNNING AT 900 R.P.M. THE DIAMETER OF THE
DRIVING PULLEY OF THE MOTOR IS 300 MM. THE DRIVEN PULLEY RUNS AT
300 R.P.M. AND THE DISTANCE BETWEEN THE CENTRE OF THE TWO PULLEYS
IS 30 M. THE DENSITY OF THE BELT MATERIAL IS 1000 KG/M3. THE MAXIMUM
ALLOWABLE STRESS IN THE LEATHER IS 2.5 MPA. THE COEFFICIENT OF
FRICTION BETWEEN LEATHER AND THE PULLEY IS 0.3. ASSUMES OPEN BELT
DRIVE AND NEGLECT THE SAG AND SLIP OF THE BELT.
2. DETERMINE POWER LOST IN OVERCOMING FRICTION AND NUMBER OF
COLLARS REQUIRED FOR THE THRUST BEARING WHOSE CONTACT
SURFACES HAVE 20 CM AND 15 CM AS EXTERNAL AND INTERNAL RADIUS.
THE COEFFICIENT OF FRICTION IS 0.08 BETWEEN THE SURFACES. THE TOTAL
AXIAL LOAD IS 30 KN. THE INTENSITY OF PRESSURE CANNOT EXCEED 3.5
BAR AND THE SHAFT ROTATES WITH 420 R.P.M.

3. EXPLAIN THE DIFFERENT DESIGN CONSIDERATION; ON WHICH DESIGN OF

CLUTCH IS BASED. ALSO FIND OUT THE RELATIONADHIP FOR TORQUE
CAPACITY OF THE CLUTCH, IN EACH CASE.

4. WHAT IS HYDRODYNAMIC BEARING? EXPLAIN HYDRODYNAMIC

LUBRICATION THEORY, WITH ASSUMPTIONS AND VARIABLES INVOLVED.

5. THE TOTAL TENSION ON THE TWO SIDE OF A BELT CONNECTING TWO

PULLEYS IS 2 KN. THE MINIMUM ANGLE OF EMBRACE OF THE BELT IS 150°
AND COEFFICIENT OF FRICTION BETWEEN THE BELT AND THE PULLEY RIM
IS 0.25. DETERMINE THE VALUE OF THE TENSION ON BOTH THE TIGHT AND
THE SLACK SIDE OF THE BELT. ALSO CALCULATE THE POWER
TRANSMITTTED IF THE SPEED OF THE BELT IS 600 M/MINUTE.

6. A CAPSTAN AND A ROPE ARE USED IN A RAILWAY GOODS YARD FOR

MOVING TRUCKS. THE CAPSTAN RUNS AT 50 R.P.M. THE ROPE FROM THE
LINE OF TRUCKS MAKES 2.75 TURNS AROUND THE CAPSTAN AT A RADIUS OF
20 CM AND THE FREE END OF THE ROPE IS PULLED ON THE TRUCKS AND THE
POWER SUPPLIED BY THE CAPSTAN. TAKE μ = 0.25.

7. THE EXTERNAL AND INTERNAL RADII OF A FRICTION PLATE OF A SINGLE

CLUTCH ARE 120 MM AND 60MM RESPECTIVELY. THE TOTAL AXIAL THRUST
WITH WHICH THE FRICTION SURFACES ARE HELD TOGETHER IS 1500 KN. FOR
UNIFORM WEAR, FIND THE MAXIMUM, MINIMUM, AND AVERAGE PRESSURE
ON THE CONTACT SURFACES.
POWER PLANT

1. DESCRIBE THE PROCESS INVOLVED IN A SIMPLE RANKINE CYCLE WITH

RELEVANT DIAGRAMS. ALSO, EXPLAIN THE EFFECT OF PRESSURE AND
TEMPERATURE ON SIMPLE RANKINE CYCLE.

2. A SINGLE ACTING TWO-STAGE RECIPROCATING COMPRESSOR WITH

COMPLETE INTERCOOLING DELIVERS 6 KG/MIN AT 15 BAR PRESSURE.
ASSUME AN INTAKE CONDITION OF 1 BAR AND 15°C. THE COMPRESSION
AND EXPANSION ARE ASSUMED AS POLYTROPIC WITH n = 1.3.
(i) THE POWER REQUIRED
(ii) ISOTHERMAL EFFICIENCY

3. IN A STAGE REACTION TURBINE, THE MEAN DIAMETER OF THE ROTOR IS 1.4

M. THE SPEED RATIO IS 0.7. DETERMINE THE BLADE INLET ANGLE, IF THE
BLADE OUTLET IS 20°. THE ROTOR SPEED IS 3000 R.P.M. ALSO FIND THE
DIAGRAM EFFICIENCY AND THE WORK DONE PER KG OF STEAM.

4. SKETCH A SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM OF A STEAM POWER PLANT AND EXPLAIN

THE VARIOUS PROCESSES OF RANKINE CYCLE ON T-S OR P-V DIAGRAM.

5. COMPARE THE WATER TUBE AND FIRE TUBE BOILERS.

6. DIFFERENTIATE BETWEEN IMPUSE TURBINE AND REACTION TURBINE.

7. WHAT ARE THE FACTORS ON WHICH SELECTION OF BOILER IS DONE? ALSO,

DIFFERENTIATE BETWEEN WATER TUBE AND FIRE TUBE BOILERS.

8. WITH THE HELP OF FIGURE, EXPLAIN THE WORKING OF BABCOCK AND

WILCOX BOILER.
9. LIST OUT THE MERITS AND DEMERITS OF WATER TUBE BOILERS OVER FIRE
TUBE BOILERS.

10. FIND THE REQUIRED AIR FUEL RATIO IN A GAS TURBINE WHERE THE
WORKING FLUID CAN BE TAKEN AS AN AIR THROUGH OUT WITH THE CP = 1
KJ/KG-K & ɣ = 1.4. THERE IS A LOSS OF CALORIFIC VALUE IN THE
COMBUSTION CHAMBER. ȠT = 85%, ƞC = 80%, TMAX = 875°C, PI = 1 BAR, TI = 27°C
RP = 4, C.V. = 42 MJ/KG.

11. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN CLOSED CYCLE GAS TURBINE AND OPEN CYCLE GAS
TURBINE. DERIVE THE EXPRESSIONS FOR EFFICIENCY FOR OPEN CYCLE GAS
TURBINE WHEN COMPRESSIONS AND EXPANSIONS ARE ISENTROPIC IN
NATURE.
12. DERIVE THE CONDITIONS FOR MAXIMUM WORK OUTPUT AND MAXIMUM
WORK OUTPUT OF A GAS TURBINE.

13. WHAT IS IDEAL REGENERATION AND WHAT ARE THE EFFECTS OF

INTERCOOLING AND REHEATING OF A GAS TURBINE ON THE EFFICIENCY.

14. WHAT IS COMPOUNDING OS STEAM TURBINE? EXPLAIN THE TYPES OF

STEAM TURBINES.

15. DERIVE EXPRESSIONS FOR MAXIMUM EFFICIENCIES OF IMPULSE AND

REACTION TURBINES.

16. WHAT IS DEGREE OF REACTION? DERIVE EXPRESSIONS AND CONDITIONS

OF 50% REACTION TURBINE.

17. CLASSIFY COMPRESSORS? ALSO EXPLAIN RECIPROCATING COMPRESSORS.

18. DERIVE EXPRESSIONS FOR MAXIMUM WORK OUTPUT AND VOLUMETRIC

EFFICIENCY OF TURBINES.
19. WHAT IS FREE AIR DELIEVERY? WHAT IS THE PHYSICAL SIGNIFICANCE FOR
THIS?

20. DIFFERENTIATE BETWEEN CENTRIFUGAL AND AXIAL FLOW COMPRESSORS.

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