Psychology Final PDF
Psychology Final PDF
Psychology Final PDF
PAPER-1
1. SCOPE AND METHODS OF PSYCHOLOGY-BIOLOGICAL BASIS OF BEHAVIOUR
I. What is psychology? Explain the scope of psychology in present society. What are the
major methods of studying psychology?
II. Explain the types of control in experimental method. Cite Suitable examples
III. Explain the nature of psychology as science. Should it be called a natural science?
Indicate the scope of psychology?
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IV. Discuss how psychology as behavioral science may be helpful in public policy making,
with respect to education, health, defense and national integration.
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V. Explain the methods of psychological study. Critically evaluate their merits and demerits.
Is an method sufficient by itself?
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VI. Critically discuss any one method of psychology. Delineate its importance. In studying
human behavior.
VII. What are different methods of psychology? Describe and evaluate the advantages and
disadvantages of experimental method.
VIII. Briefly discuss
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different schools of psychology with respect to their viewpoints.
IX. What are the attributes of reinforcement? Discuss their impact on the modification of
behavior.
X. Explain the behavioristic model with particular reference to conditioning of behavior.
XI. Differentiate between social behavior and cultural behavior with this differentiation
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2. COGNITIVE PROCESSES:-
A. SENSATION: ATTRIBUTES OF SENSATION, PSYCHOPHYSICS (WEBER-FETCHNER
LAW),METHODS OF PSYCHOPHYSICS.
B. ATTENTION:DETERMINANTS OF ATTENTION,FLUCTUATION OF
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ATTENTION,SELECTIVITY OF ATTTENTION
C. PERCEPTION:MOVEMENT,SPACE,DEPTH AND TIME PERCEPTION,PERCEPTUAL
ORGANIZATION,GESTALT VIEW
I. What is perception? Discuss the Gestalt approach and feature detectors approach in
form of perception and pattern recognition
II. Distinguish between sensation and perception. Explain the process of perceptual
organization. Give some example of the external factors that affect perceptual
selectivity?
III. What is perception? Discuss the Gestalt view of perception and explain how it differs
from structural view of perception.
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X. What is sensation? Discuss the attribute of sensation. How can sensation be
measured? Elucidate with the help of suitable mathematical relations and research
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evidences.
XI. Define attention. What are the characteristics of attention? State why attention
fluctuates.
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3. LEARNING:CONDITIONS OF LEARNING
A. THEORY OF CLASSICAL CONDITIONING
B. THEORY OF OPERANT CONDITIONING
C. TRIAL AND ERROR THEORY
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D. THEORY OF INSGHIT LEARING
E. PROGRAMMED LEARNING
I. Elucidate Gestalt theory of learning
II. Discuss briefly the major theories of learning. Explain with illustration how principles
of learning can improve one’s behavior pattern.
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III. What is learning? Describe after Thorndike, the trial and error theory of learning by
conditioning?
IV. Define learning. Critically discuss the Hullian concept of learning.
V. Behaviourist theory of learning.
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suitable model in psychology.
VI. Define retention. Explain the principal methods of measuring retention.
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VII. What is forgetfulness and what are its causes? Explain Ebbingau’s curve of forgetting.
VIII. What do you
understand by “Consolidation of Memory”? Mention the different types of memory with
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special reference to theoretical models. Also discuss the stages of memory.
IX. Describe the structure and function of neurons with proper diagrams. Mention the names
of different types of neurons in human body. What is a synapse?
X. What is meant by word memory trace? Discuss the theories of forgetting.
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5. MOTIVATION & EMOTION
A. PHYSIOLOGICAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL BASIS OF MOTIVATION AND EMOTION
B. INTRINSIC AND EXTRINSIC MOTIVATION-FACTOR INFLUENCING INTRINSIC
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MOTIVATION
C. THEORIES OF MOTIVATION-MASLOW,MCCLELLAND
D. THEORIES OF MOTIVATION-JAMES-LANGE THEORY,CANON-BARD AND
SCHACHTER-SINGER THEORY
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III. Explain the term social motives. Present a picture of personal pattern of social
motives in modern man.
IV. What is motive? Discuss motive is not the same as stimulus and incentive. How does
it differ from drives and needs?
V. What is mean by unconscious Motivation”? Give some examples of unconscious
motivation. How far Freud’s view of unconscious motivation can be considered
satisfactory?
VI. Distinguish between primary motive and secondary motive. Discuss drive reduction
theory of motivation.
VII. Discuss the need-hierarchy theory of motivation (MASLOW). Indicate the utility of this
theory in understanding human behavior.
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XIII. Discuss the
physiological basis of emotion. How does Schachtur-singer’s theory differ from the
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canon-bard’s theory of emotion.
XIV. What is an
emotion? Delineate the conditions responsible for emotional development in human
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beings. By what age of human child develops almost all the basic emotions.
XV. Write what is meant by motivational cycle. Distinguish between primary, secondary
and social motives. In which category you can place achievement motivation and why?
How Mclleland did view it?
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XVI. State the
relationship between brain and emotions with special reference to role of cerebral
cortex. In this context critically discuss the schachter-singer theory of emotion.
XVII. Discuss the
biological and social motivation with suitable examples.
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6. INTELLIGENCE
A. SPEARMAN’S TWO FACTOR THEORY
B. THURSTONE’S THEORY
C. GUILLFORD’S STRUCTURE OF INTELLECT
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D. GARDNER’S THEORY
E. MEASUREMENT OF INTELLIGENCE-IQ & DEVIATION IQ,TESTS OF
INTELLIGENCE-STANDARD BINET
F. TYPES OF
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INTELLIGENCE-SOCIAL,ABSTRACT,CONCRETE,EMOTIONAL,ARTIFICIAL,SPRITUAL
G. GIFTED ANDD MENTALLY CHALLENGED CHIILDREN
I. How can you measure intelligence of a child aged about 8 years? Explain the
necessary steps in this context.
II. What is intelligence? Discuss in this connection Two factor theory of intelligence.
III. Explain the nature of intelligence. Discuss some of the major methods of intelligence
testing.
IV. Explain with diagram Guildford’s model for the structure of intellect. How would you
explain creativity in the light of this model.
V. British psychologists tend to favour the concept of General intelligence, while
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X. Who are mentally challenged children? Delineate its causes.
XI. What do you mean by mentally challenged person? Write the types of disability
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according to PWD act. Discuss some techniques of intervention to manage challenged
behavior of person with moderate intellectual disability.
XII. Who are gifted children? Mention special intervention strategies for imparting
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education for such children?
7. THINKING
A. PIAGET’S THEORY OF COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT-PROBLEM SOLVING
B. CREATIVE THINKING-NATURE AND STAGES
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I. What is thinking? Analyze its process in detail. Is imageless thought possible?
II. What are the tools of thinking? Distinguish between correct thinking and incorrect
thinking. Discuss the relation of language to thought.
III. Elucidate the behavioristic viewpoint of thinking. Do you accept this theory? State reasons
for your answer.
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IX. How do convergent and divergent thinking differ? Can it be integrated in higher form of
creative thinking?
X. Discuss different stages of creative thinking. Suggest some of the important strategies
that can improve creativity.
XI. How do assimilation and accommodation inter play in the development of cognition?
Discuss the different stages of cognitive development in accordance with piaget?
8. ATTITUDE,VALUES AND INTEREST
A. DEFINITION OF ATTITUDE,VALUES AND INTERESTS
B. VALUE-CONCEPT,DEVELOPMENT AND MEASUREMENT
C. ATTITUDE-FORMATION,MEASUREMENT AND CHANGE CONCEPT
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analytical studies of the structure of interests and values.
VII. Citing experimental studies discuss cognitive dissonance theory of attitude change.
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VIII. Discuss the
significance of attitude, interest and values in human life. Explain the usefulness of
different procedures of attitude measurement.
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IX. How attitudes are formed? Discuss its various components.
X. Citing experimental evidences discuss how social learning, social comparison and
genetic factors influence formation of attitudes. Also explain how trivialization reduces
cognitive dissonance.
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XI. Discuss the concept of value with special focus on its development and measurement.
Mention the significance of value development in the context of modernization.
XII. Define attitude. How does it differ from prejudice?
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C. MORAL DEVELOPMENT
D. SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
I. Explain the concept of linguistic behavior. Critically discuss the sequences of language
development in a child.
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PSYCHOLOGY
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PAPER-2
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1. PERSONALITY
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a) THEORIES OF PERSONALITY-FREUD, ERIKSON, EYSENCK AND ROGERS
I. Elucidate the major determinants of personality. Write examples, how these determinants
influence socialization process.
II. How can you define personality?
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III. What are the different methods of personality assessment?
IV. Explain fully what you mean by personality. What are its main constituents? Is personality
a product of heredity or of product of environment or of both?
V. Evaluate Eysenck’s hierarchical theory of personality.
VI. Define personality. Distinguish between dimensions and traits of personality. Is it correct
to say that there may be individuals:-a)having multiple personality b) without any
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viewpoint.
IX. Critically evaluate the relative merits and demerits of psychometric measures of
personality and intelligence.
X. Discuss Carl Jung’s theory of personality. Give your critical comments on Jung’s two types
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of personality.
XI. What are the major tenants of Roger’s theory of personality? How are these principles
employed in client centered therapy?
XII. Compare and contrast Freud’s Psycho-sexual development phases and Erik Erikson’s
Psychosocial Development. Discuss the concepts Oedipus and electra complexes and
identify crisis in detail. What is meant by ‘identity Crisis’ in detail. What is meant by
‘identity statuses’? Delineate.
XIII. Mention three parts of personality and their interaction as advocated by Freud.
What are the stages of personality development in Freudian theory.
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What are the role of heredity and environment in making individual difference?
VI. Critically discuss the modern views on nature-nurture controversy in individual
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difference.
3. MENTAL HEALTH AND ADJUSTMENT-CONCEPT OF MENTAL HELATH & WELLBEING
a) STRESS & HEALTH-NATURE,TYPES, CAUSES AND CPNSEQUENCES OF STRESS
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b) ADJUSTMENT-CRITERIA OF ADJUSTMENT
c) MANAGEMENT OF STRESS
I. As a psychologist elucidate the strategies to ensure wellbeing in an organizational set-up
and to encourage productivity with the help of suitable theoretical perspective. Also
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mention the sources and types of conflicts in organizations.
II. How is stress different from “entress”? Discuss the types, causes, and consequences of
stress. How can stress be managed?
III. Define the term “Stress”. Discuss different causes of stress. How does stress interfere
with efficient operation of our immune system?
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IV. What do you understand by the term “Socio-emotional adjustment”? Elaborate with
suitable citations. What are the characteristics of an individual who is socioeconomically
maladapted? Express critically the term “Maladjustment”.
V. What do you mean by positive health? Suggest some of the important factors responsible
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for positive health, well being, life style and quality of life.
4. PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDERS
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XI. Psychosomatic disorder and its difference from other disorders.
XII. Distinguish between normal and pathological type of anxiety. Discuss the clinical picture
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of anxiety disorder.
XIII. What are the
common symptoms of schizophrenia? What are its different types? Give an account of the
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major causes of Schizophrenia.
XIV. What are the
major forms of anxiety Disorder? Describe different symptoms of Generalized Anxiety
Disorders(GAD)
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XV. Mention the clinical symptoms of GAD. How does it differ from COD? Critically discuss the
etiology of GAD with suitable research evidences.
XVI. Explain the
maladaptive pattern of behavior associated with substance-related disorders.
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5. PSYCHOTHERAPY
a) PSYCHOANALYSIS
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cognitive-behavioural therapy?
II. What are the major tenants of Roger’s theory of personality? How are these principles
employed in client centered therapy?
III. What is Cognitive Behaviour Therapy? Describe the steps which are followed for
conditioning this therapy. Discuss in this context how does cognitive behavior therapy
differ from behavior therapy.
IV. Define Psychotherapy. Discuss the psychodynamic approach of psychotherapy with
special reference to psychoanalysis. How can you apply it in treating neurotic persons?
V. What is client-centered therapy? Mention its father fugure(s) stressing upon its departure
from traditional methods of therapy. Mention the limitation of the therapeutic strategy.
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programme that might reduce such conflict.
II. How do the modern organization theories differ from the classical industrial theories?
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Discuss in detail the group theory of organization.
III. What are the major sources of organizational conflict in Indian situation? How this conflict
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can be defused? Suggest measures to prevent conflict in an organization?
IV. How is organizational stress defined? What are its effects? Suggest some important
measures that Indian Organizations should adopt to reduce such stress.
V. Why is feedback is so important to communications in Indian Industrial organizations?
Suggest some guidelines for the effective use of feedback.
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VI. What are the determinants of Job satisfaction? How job satisfaction related to
performance? Discuss human factor engineering in Job satisfaction.
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7. GROUP
a) TYPES OF GROUP VERSUS TEAM-INFLUENCE OF PRIMARY AND SECONDARY GROUP ON
SOCIETY
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individuals.
II. Describe some salient effects of co-operation and competition upon small group
functioning.
III. Make a functional analysis of groups and indicate the impact of the group on the behavior
of the individual. Refer to relevant studies.
IV. Discuss the role of small groups in social action.
V. Describe the nature of small groups. Explain the quality of interpersonal relationship and
group cohesiveness.
VI. What do you mean by group dynamics? Discuss how group dynamics influence group
activity.
VII. What are the characteristics of good leader? Write with special reference to Indian
8. SOCIAL PROBLEMS
a) Problems of social integration caste,classs and religion
b) Delinquency and crime
c) Psychological problems related to old age
I. State the nature and conditions of social change. Do you consider social change and
social progress to be the same justify?
II. Define social change. What are the barriers to social changes cite Indian Examples.
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III. Why is social change necessary? Explain the role of leadership in influencing social
change.
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IV. Psychological strategies for handling prejudice.
V. Psychological strategies in handling the conflicts and prejudices.
VI. Describe the concept of social integration. What are the major problems of social
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integration? Explain in detail the measures to achieve integration.
VII. Describe the old age problems from adjustment perspective in the Indian context.
VIII. What defines old
person? Critically discuss some common psychological symptoms of old age.
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IX. Discuss the problems of old age laying emphasis on the problems of the related
contemporary society.
X. Briefly sketch some typical “old age syndrome” in Indian context. Narrate the
psychological problems of family and work-place supposed to be affected by old age
syndrome.
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XI. Discuss on some common psycho-social features of old people. Suggest some measures
to reduce and prevent the psycho-social problems of old people in our country.
XII. What are the common symptoms of aging? Write factors of aging. What do you mean by
successful aging?
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violence.
XIV. Critically analyze
the global prevalence of delinquency and crime. What are its psychological causes and
suggest measures in diminishing these phenomenon.
XV. What is meant by gerptranscendence? Discuss the nature of acquisition of wisdom in old
age as far as positive ageing is concerned. How can you address the major social
problems in old age?
9. APPLICATION OF PSYCHOLOGY TO DIFFERNET FIELDS
a) REHABILITATION-CONCEPT, PRIMARY, SECONDARY, AND TERTIARY PREVENTION
b) EDUCATION-PSYCHOLOGY, PRINCIPLES UNDERLYING EFFECTIVE TEACHING-LEARNING
c) MOTIVATING AND TRAINING PEOPLE FOR ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND ECONOMIC
PSYCHOLOGY FOR WBCS-Career Buddha Page 11
DEVELOPMENT
I. Discuss the contemporary relevance of rehabilitation in psychology. What are the
multifaceted dimensions of rehabilitation psychology?
II. To reduce huge unemployment Govt. of India is emphasizing on small entrepreneurship. In
this connection define entrepreneurship . Draw a comprehensive programme to
encourage a BPL category in small entrepreneurship.
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c) HYPOTHESIS FORMATION
d) RESEARCH VARIABLES AND THEIR CONTROL
e) TECHNIQUES OF SAMPLING
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I. Discuss with examples different techniques of sampling. Elucidate the significance of
sampling in designing research. How does choice of statistics depend on sampling?
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II. What are the major difference between parametric and non-parametric statistical
methods? Explain in details.
III. Establish any two techniques of sampling with examples.
IV. Survey method is frequently used to gain basic information about a particular problem on
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demand in a area. What are the basic steps allowed in Survey method. State in this
connection the various methods of sampling.
V. What re the characteristics of a standardized psychological Test? Delineate different
steps for constructing a test. Differentiate between “Speed” and “Power” test.
VI. State major characteristics of a normal curve.
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SHORT NOTE
1. Biological model of personality
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28. Job stress
29. Problems of old age in nuclear family system
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30. Major characteristics of a normal curve
31. Herzberg theory of Motivation
32. Rumor
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33. Organic disorders
34. Occupational Stress
35. Cognitive learning theory
36. Effects of TV violence
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37. Techniques employed in Job analysis
38. Behaviuoristic Approach
39. Disadvantaged group
40. Social integrations
41. Communications
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71. Problems of old age
72. Organizational climate
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73. Bandura’s theory of learning
74. Symptoms of Schizophrenia
75. Implications of theory of Insightful learning
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76. Psychodynamic approach
77. Shift and fluctuation of attention
78. Illusion and hallucinations
79. Gestalt principles of perceptual; organizations
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80. Causes of forgetting
81. Small informal groups
82. Cognitive dissonance theory
83. Behaviour therapies
84. Terrorism
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IMPORANT BOOKS
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