ENERGY

Energy use worldwide

How is it to be without energy?
In the beginning of history of mankind, humans used fire: a form of energy, to cook food, for
warmth, and for protection from wild animals at night. As our civilization advanced, we have
developed even more sources of energy, and turned them into different forms. Almost all
forms of energy originate from the sun’s energy.

Leaves absorb sunlight and make food, which is a form of energy. The more recent sources of
energy are heat, electricity, chemicals and atoms. Our energy needs have increased over the
years.

As the industries increase in number, the consumption of energy also increases. Electricity is
the most convenient form of energy. Most industries use it to run their machines.

The developed countries have only 20% of the world’s population, but they 70% of the
world’s wealth. Their consumption of energy is also high, an indication of their lifestyle in
terms of their dependence on appliances and machines.

Pollution is also caused at thermal station during the production of electricity. But due to the
distant location of thermal stations from cities, people are not aware of the amount of pollution
and damage the generation of electricity causes to the environment.

Energy sources are primarily natural. Energy is the most consumed in locations where it is
naturally available. For example, sunlight. During daytime, sunlight can be used wherever it is
available. But to use sunlight at night it we need to absorb and keep it stored in another form to
be used later.

Energy should flow continuously. Coal; water and wind are primary form of energy.

The production of energy should be clean, uncontaminated, and must produce as little waste as
possible.

Changes in energy use:

Primitive man is estimated to have used about 2,000 to 40 kilocalories of energy. In the
nineteenth century, this shot up to 70,000 kilocalories as the industrial societies began to use
fossil fuels. Now, an American uses an unbelievable 250,000 kilocalories per day.

According to 2001 census, 90% of the village households in India used firewood, cow dung
patties, and agricultural wastes to fire the hearths for cooking. Even today, 56% of the villages
do not have electricity.
India has 24,418 remote villages. They cannot provide electricity through the conventional
means of cable from substation and power grids.

The total electricity we use, 82% is from thermal sources, hydroelectric power makes up 14%
and atomic energy 3%. Only 67% of our coal requirement is met from domestically available
sources.

Electricity is now used for a variety of functions from lighting to heating, from entertainment
like TV and radio, to domestic uses like mixers and grinders. The increase in number of
vehicles on the road required more fuel too. If we were to tap the total heat on the Thar Desert
in Rajasthan, we could meet total power demand in our country. But since this experiment is
uneconomical, it has no really taken off. We need to have large space available to harness
solar energy.

Biomass:
Bio-wastes, animal wastes, agricultural wastes, sugar cane pulp, husk, and biomass can be
turned into energy sources. Agricultural wastes are a good source with which to tap the
biomass energy. We have just started to use human waste from toilets to produce biomass. If
we can achieve this on a large scale, not only do we get electricity, but also solve the problem
of insanitation as well.
Wind power:
In countries where the wind blows strongly, huge windmills with large blades haven put up.
India stands fifth after Germany, The United States, Denmark, and Spain in the use of wind
energy. Our actual potential to generate wind energy is about 45,000 megawatts. In all, about
100 regions have been recognized as suitable for the installation of windmills in our country.
The Windmills in Kanyakumari district can produce 350 megawatts of energy.

At Lamba in Gujarat, a 10-megawatt windmill is operational with 2900 wind operated pumps.

Hydro Electricity:
Hydroelectricity is the cleanest form of energy. Flowing water has great energy. When water
flowing between hilly ranges is dammed, its speed gets controlled. This water is released
under pressure on to the turbines to generate electricity. But when a large dam is built, a vast
area is submerged under water, causing harm to the environment and the living forms there.
We also lose biodiversity in the process. In view of this, smaller projects should be opted in
the place of big dams.

Tidal:
In tidal energy, sea waves are used to produce electricity by rotating the turbines. Wave enemy
projects are built where waves are strong and high when seawater rises up in a wave, it is
trapped. The project’s gates are opened to make way for the water through the turbines, which
rotate when the water is released.
Geothermal
Be used to produce energy.

Nuclear
It has been safely used to produce electricity to meet the growing energy demand at many
places in to world. The development of nuclear energy depends on the capacity of the reactor,
and on the availability of fuels like uranium.

Petroleum is used mainly in the transport and industrial sectors. In the cities, air pollution can
be attributed mostly to vehicles and industries. This smoke contains nitrous oxide, sulphur
dioxide, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide. These gases can cause lung cancer, after the
hart and cause skin disease. The polluting gases mix with rain and cause acid rain, which can
damage the soil fertility.

The smoke and heat from thermal power units have raised temperature in the surrounding
areas. Every year, the demand for power is going up by 10%. The supply is not up to the
demand. The firewood and other fuels that the villages use is not a serious problem always
because the hearth is outside the house and the smoke can easily escape.

Non Conventional energy

Non-conventional sources of energy fall under this category. These include power from solar,
wind, hydel, and atomic sources and from wave in the oceans and heat from the earth.

Solar
The heat from the sun is a clean, pollution-free and unlimited source of energy that is available
most of the time. We can use this energy to cook food and provide lighting. All the satellites
that we have placed in space also depend on the sun for the supply of energy.
India gets an equivalent of about 5000 trillion kilowatts of sunlight every year. We can use
solar energy regularly to our cities and villages for various needs, including for drying
agricultural produce, to pump water, or to meet our needs in homes, offices and schools.
Industry and agricultural should be assured of a reliable supply of energy. Shortage of fuel
affects not only development, but it also threatens our society.
Use of power as a yardstick for living standards
There us a unbreakable relationship between income and the fuel used. In all developing
nations, the poorest are the tribal people. They use dry sticks, leaves and cow dung as their
fuel. Modern agriculture uses more energy than the traditional method of farming. Everywhere
people use electric and electronic appliances and equipment to make their lives more
comfortable and qualitatively better. This clearly leads to consumption of more electricity.

The growing gap between demand and supply

In ten years, we increased our consumption of electricity by more than 12% today; there is
growing shortage of petrol, kerosene, diesel or firewood in our country.

At present, there is shortage of power in our country as the gap between demand and supply of
electricity is 10% to bridge this gap the electricity supply authorizes resort to dropping of
voltages and power cuts. Use of poor quality cables, inferior machines over heating of
equipment, overdrawing of power by consumers inefficient management are a few other
reasons for our worrisome power situation.
 Benefits Of Regular Exercise:
“The First Health is Wealth”
Introduction: “ you are Young people who are the nations hope for the future”

You must take care that the hope and faith the elders have in you are not belied. As students
you are called upon to do a lot of mental work. You have to learn new ideas and concepts in a
number of subject’s every day. For your mind to act freely and intelligently your body must
remain in perfect order. For your mind to act freely and intelligently your body must remain in
perfect order. You must have seen that when you have the slightest pain anywhere you cannot
concentrate fully on your work. How can you then do justice to your lessons if your whole
body is unfit?

We should therefore give much importance to physical exercise. Physical exercises are
essential to keep the bodily functions running smoothly. Find time to play a game, sitting glued
to T.V. or to your study table all the time is not good. In fact it is very injurious to your health.

Exercise may act as a temporary division to daily stresses

Exercise improves the body utilization of oxygen, and lowers systolic bold pressure.

Increased core temperature during e division to daily stresses

Exercise improves the body utilization of oxygen, and lowers systolic bold pressure.

Increased core temperature during exercise may lead to reduced tension (or) alternations to
brain neurotransmitters.

Exercise reduce the cholesterol, relieving stress on your heart.

Exercise, together with a healthy calcium intake, builds strong bones. Even a brisk walk can
help, say metabolic disease specialists. Exercise acts as a temporary diversion to daily stresses
and it improves self-esteem. Health experts believe that exercises spikes the immune system for
a few hours each day, helping to word off colds. Thirty minutes of brisk walking is enough to
make you reap the benefits of exercise.

At least 35% of all cancer deaths may be overweight and lack of a activity, the seattle cancer
research centre has found (SCRC)

Exercise enhances bold flow to the brain possibly reducing risk of stroke. It also improves
reasoning. And memory. Regular exercise can reduce body fat and lower the risk of chronic
lifestyle diseases in the elderly. But you need to exercise at the right time, the ideal time for
exercise is in the morning exercise late in the day contribute to sleeplessness, because exercise
causes an increase in your body’s energy. A certain level of muscle strength ins needed to
function everyday and do things such as walking and climbing stairs. So, everyone can gain the
benefits of physical activity-age. Ethnicity, shape or sizes do not matter. Besides food and
exercise, relaxation of the right kind is good for both body and the mind. Relaxation means
freshing up.

For example: if you are feeling tired after too much of physical work, rest your limbs. Read a
book or just listen to some soothing music and exercises can make you look great – younger,
fitter and thinner, who needs any more convincing.

 Active life makes you feel happy.

 Health is a gift of fate and it deserves our full attention.
 A person whom has a wellness lifestyle can make right decisions
 The quality of man’s life depends on his lifestyle.

“Even a moderate amount of exercise helps your heart”.