Code No: RR311801 Set No.

1
III B.Tech. I Semester Supplementary Examinations, May -2005
PROBABILITY AND STATISTICS
(Metallurgy & Material Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
?????

1. (a) A Band C in order toss a coin. The first one to toss a head wins the game.
What are their probabilities of winning, assuming that the game may continue
indefinitely?
(b) State and prove Baye’s theorem.
2. (a) If F(x) is the distribution function of X given by
F (x) = 0 if x ≤ 1
= k(x − 1)4 if 1 < x ≤ 3
=1 if x > 3

determine
i. f(x)
ii. k
(b) Find the maximum n such that the probability of getting no head in tossing
acoin n times is greater than .1
3. (a) Show that the mean and variance of a Poisson distribution are equal.
(b) Determine the minimum mark a student should get in order to receive an A
grade if the top 10% of the students are awarded A grades in an examination
where the mean mark is 72 and standard deviation is 9.
4. (a) A random sample of 6 steel beams has a mean compressive strength of 58,392
p.s.i. (pounds per square inch) with a standard deviation of 648 p.s.i. Use
this information at the level of significance α = 0.025 to test whether the true
average compressive strength of steel from which this sample came is 58,000
p.s.i. Assume normality?
(b) Measuring specimens of nylon yarn taken from two machines, it was found
that 8 specimans from 1st machine had a mean denier of 9.67 with a standard
deviation of 1.81 while 10 specimans from a 2nd machine had a mean denier
of 7.43 with a standard deviation 1.48. Assuming the population are normal
test the hypothesis H0 : µ1 - µ2 = 1.5 against H1 : µ1 - µ2 > 1.5 at 0.05 level
of significance?
5. (a) Experiences had shown that 20% of a manufactured product is of the top
quality. In one days production of 400 articles only 50 are of top quality. Test
the hypothesis at .05 level.

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Code No: RR311801 Set No.1
(b) Ten bearings made by a certain process have a mean diameter of 0.5060 cm
with a standard deviation of 0.0040 cm. Assuming that the data may be
looked upon as a random sample from a normal distribution, construct a 95%
confidence interval for the actual average diameter of the bearings?

6. (a) The following data gives the fields of interest and attitude to religion:
Arts and Commerce Science and Engineering Total
Conformist 109 51 160
Non-Conformist 23 17
Total 132 68 200
Examine whether the field of interest and attitude to religion are associated.
(b) Assuming tht σ = 20.0, how large a random sample be taken to assert with
probability 0.95 that the sample mean will not differ from the true mean by
more than 3.0 points?

7. (a) In the following table tensile applied to a steel specimen in thousands of

pounds, and y is the resulting elongation in thousand this of an inch:
x 1 2 3 4 5 6
y 14 33 40 63 76 85
Fit a st. line y = ax + b, and use it to predict the elongation when the tensile
force is 3.5 thousand pounds.
(b) Fit a curve of the form y = abx for the following data.

x 1 2 3 4 5 6
y 6 18 35 160 485 1460

8. 10 observations on price x and supply y the following data was obtained.

X X X X X
x = 130, y = 220, x2 = 2288, y 2 = 5506and xy = 3467

Find

(a) coefficient of correlation

(b) The line of regression of y or x
(c) The standard error of estimate.

?????

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Code No: RR311801 Set No.2
III B.Tech. I Semester Supplementary Examinations, May -2005
PROBABILITY AND STATISTICS
(Metallurgy & Material Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
?????

1. (a) Two aero planes bomb a target in succession. The probability of each correctly
scoring a hit is 0.3 and 0.2 respectively. The second will bomb only if the first
misses the target. Find the probability that
i. one target is hit
ii. both fails to score hits
(b) There are three boxes. Box I contains 10 light bulbs of which 4 are defective.
Box II contains 6 light bulbs of which one is defective. Box III contains 8 light
bulbs of which 3 are defective. A box is chosen and a bulb is drawn. Find the
probability that the bulb is non defective.

2. (a) If X is a continuous random variable and K is a constant then prove that

i. Var (X+K) = Var (X)
ii. Var(kX) = k 2 Var (X)
(b) The probability of a man hitting a target is 1/3.
i. If he fires 5 times, what is the probability of his hitting the target at least
twice
ii. How many times must he fire so that the probability of his hitting the
target at least once is more than 90%.

3. (a) If the variance of a Poisson variate is 3. Find the probability that

i. x=0
ii. 1≤ x < 4
iii. 0 < x ≤ 3
(b) Write the importance of normal distribution
(c) If x is a normal vairate with mean 30 and the standard deviation 5. Find the
probability that
i. 26 ≤ x ≥ 40
ii. x ≤ 45

4. If the population is 3,6,9,15,27.

(a) List all possible samples of size 3 that can be taken without replacement from
the finite population.
(b) Calculate the mean of each of the sampling distribution of means.

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Code No: RR311801 Set No.2
(c) Find the standard deviation of sampling distribution of means.

5. (a) In a random sample of 400 industrial accidents, it was found that 231 were
due atleast partially to unsafe working conditions. Construct a 99% percent
confidence interval for the corresponding true proportion?
(b) Two horses A and B were tested according to the time (in seconds) to run a
particular track with the following results.

HorseA 28 30 32 33 33 29 34

HorseB 29 30 30 24 27 29
Test whether the two horses have the same running capacity.

6. Measurements of the fat content of two kinds of ice creams Brand A and brand B
yielded the following sample data.

Brand A 13.5 14.0 13.6 12.9 13.0

Brand B 12.9 13.0 12.4 13.5 12.7

Test the significant between the means at 0.05 level.

7. .

(a) Fit the parabola of the form y = a + bx + cx2 for the following data by the
method of least squares

x -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3
Y 4.63 2.11 .67 .09 .63 2.15 4.58

(b) Derive normal equations by the method of least squares for the polynomial
y = ao + a1 x + a2 x + a2 x2 + .........an xn .

8. A chemical company wishing to study the effect of extraction time on the efficiently
of an extraction operation obtained in the data shown in the following table.

Extraction time x 27 45 41 19 35 39 19 49 15 31
Extraction efficiency y 57 64 80 46 62 72 52 77 57 68

Calculate the coefficient of correlation between x and y and the two lines of regres-
sion.

?????

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Code No: RR311801 Set No.3
III B.Tech. I Semester Supplementary Examinations, May -2005
PROBABILITY AND STATISTICS
(Metallurgy & Material Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
?????

1. (a) If P(A) = a, P(B) =b, P(A ∩ B) = c, express the following interms of a, b,

and c
i. P(Ac ∩ B c )
ii. P(A∩ B)
iii. P(Ac ∩ (A ∩ B)
iv. P[(AU (Ac ∩ B)]
(b) Box A contains nine cards numbered 1 to 9 and box B contains five cards
numbered 1 to 5. A box is chosen at random and a card is drawn, if the card
shows an even number another card is drawn from the same box, if the card
shows an odd number a card is drawn from the other box.
i. What is the probability that both cards show even numbers?
ii. If both cards show even numbers, what is the probability that they come
from box A.
iii. What is the probability that both cards show an odd number?

2. (a) Find the variance of the binomial distribution .

(b) Determine the probability distribution of the number of bad eggs in a basket
containing 6 eggs given that 10% of eggs are bad in a large consignment

3. (a) Suppose 2% of the people on the average are left handed. Find
i. the probability of finding 3 or more left handed
ii. the probability of finding ≤ 1 left handed.
(b) The mean and standard deviation of a normal variate are 8 and 4 respectively
find
i. P(5 ≤ x ≤10)
ii. P(x ≥ 5)

4. (a) A random sample of size 100 is taken from an infinite population having the
mean µ=76 and the variance σ2 = 256. Find the probability that x will be
between 75 and 78.
(b) Write about
i. Critical region
ii. Tow tailed test.

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Code No: RR311801 Set No.3
5. (a) In a random sample of 160 workers exposed to a certain amount of radiation,
24 experienced some ill effects. Construct a 99% confidence interval for the
corresponding ture percrntage.
(b) What is the size of the a smallest sample required to estimate an unknown
proportion to within a maximum error of 0.06 with at least 5% confidence?
(c) The performance of a computer is observed over a period of 2 years to check
the claim that the probability is 0.20 that its downtime kwill exceed 5 hours
in any given week. Testing the null hypothesis P = 0.20 against the alternate
hypothesis P 6= 0.20, what can we conclude at the level of significance α = 0.05,
if there were only 11 weeks in which the downtime of the computer exceeded
5 hours?

6. (a) A firm manufacturing rivets wants to limit variation in their length as much as
possible. The lengths (in cms.) of 10 rivits manufactured by a new process are

2.15 1.99 2.05 2.12 2.17

2.01 1.98 2.03 2.25 1.93

Examine whether the new process can be considered superior to the old if the
old population has standard deviation 0.145 cm.?
(b) The following are the average weekly losses of worker hours due to accidents
in 10 industrial plants before and after a certain safety programme was put
into operation:
Before: 45 73 46 124 33 57 83 34 26 17
After : 36 60 44 119 35 51 77 29 24 11
Test whether the safety programme is effective in reducing the number of
accidents at the level of significance of 0.05?

7. Fit an equation of the from Y abx to the following data:

x: 2 3 4 5 6
y: 144 172.8 248.8 298.5 298.5

8. (a) If there are no ties in the ranks then show that the rank correlation is given
6Σd2i
be ρ = 1 − n(n2 −1) where di = rank of xi rank of yi
(b) For 20 army personnel, the regression of weight of kidneys (y) on weight of
heart (x), both measured in oz, is y = 0.399 x + 6.394 and the regression of
weight of heart on weight of kidneys is x = 1.212y - 2.461. Find the correlation
coefficient between the two variables and also their means.

?????

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Code No: RR311801 Set No.4
III B.Tech. I Semester Supplementary Examinations, May -2005
PROBABILITY AND STATISTICS
(Metallurgy & Material Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
?????

1. (a) If A and B are any two arbitrary events of the sample space then Prove that
P( A U B) = P(A) + P(B) - P(A ∩ B)
(b) Determine the probability for each of the following events:
i. a non defective bolt will be found if out of 600 bolts already examined 12
were defective.
(c) Two digits are selected at random from the digits 1 through 9.
i. If the sum is odd, what is the probability that 2 is one of the numbers
selected.
ii. If 2 is one of the digits selected, what is the probability that the sum is
odd

2. (a) Let F(x) be the distribution function of a random variable X given by

F(x) = cx3 when 0 ≤ x < 3

=1 when x ≥ 3
=0 when x < 0.
If P(X=3) = 0 Determine
i. c
ii. mean
iii. P( x > 1)
(b) A student takes a true false examination consisting of 8 questions. He guesses
each answer. The guesses are made at random. Find the smallest value of n
that the probability of guessing at least n correct answers is less that . 12

3. (a) Determine the probability that out of 2000 persons

i. exactly 5
ii. more than 3 persons will suffer a bad reaction if it is known that the
probability of bad reaction due to an injection is 0.001.
(b) Find the
i. mean and
ii. standard deviation of an examination grades if grades 70 and 88 corre-
spond to standard scores of - 0.6 and 1.4 respectively

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Code No: RR311801 Set No.4
4. To compare two kinds of bumper guards, 6 od each kind were monted on a car and
then the car has ran into a concrete wall. The following are the costs of repairs:
Guard1 107 148 123 165 102 119
Guard2 134 115 112 151 133 129
Use the 0.01 level of significance to test whether the difference between two sample
means is significant?
5. (a) A random sample of size 81 was taken whose varience is 20.25 and mean 32
construct 98% confidence interval
(b) A manufacturer claims that only 4% of his products are defective. A random
sample of 500 were taken among which 100 defective Test the hypothesis at
.05 level
6. (a) To examine the hypothesis that the husbands are more intelligent than the
wives, an investigator took a sample of 10 couples and administered them a
test which measures the IQ as follows:
Husbands: 117 105 97 105 123 109 86 78 103 107
Wives: 106 98 87 104 116 95 90 69 108 85
Test the hypothesis with a reasonable test at the level of significance of 0.05?
(b) In an investigation on the machine performance the following results were
obtained:
No.of Units inspected No. of defectives
Machine 1 375 17
Machine 2 450 22

7. .
(a) Fit the parabola of the form y = a + bx + cx2 for the following data by the
method of least squares
x -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3
Y 4.63 2.11 .67 .09 .63 2.15 4.58
(b) Derive normal equations by the method of least squares for the polynomial
y = ao + a1 x + a2 x + a2 x2 + .........an xn .
8. 10 observations on price x and supply y the following data was obtained.
X X X X X
x = 130, y = 220, x2 = 2288, y 2 = 5506and xy = 3467
Find
(a) coefficient of correlation
(b) The line of regression of y or x
(c) The standard error of estimate.

?????

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