DESIGN OF PURLINS:

Specifications:
fy = 250 Mpa ( A- 36 steel)

Designing Loads:
Wind loads = 1.892 kN/m² (Corresponding to super typhoon with wind velocity of 200 kph)
Roof covering = 0.080 kN/m² Spacing of Purlins = 0.6
Roof Live loads = 0.6 kN/m² Spacing of Trusses = 7
Ashfall Load = 1.2 kN/m² angle ϴ = 18.27
Height of Truss= 3.50
span of truss= 21.2
Roof load : W Using Duchimen's formula: Half of span= 10.6
sin ϴ=0.3135390198

W= wind load ((2 𝑠𝑖𝑛θ)/(1+𝑠𝑖𝑛²θ)) sin² ϴ=0.09830671696

W=
1.080237089
KN/m²

1) Consider tributary area:

W1 = w x spacing of purlins
0
=.6481422536 kN/m
=648.1422536 N/m

W2 = (wt. of dead and roof live load) (spacing of purlins)

= 1.128 kN/m
= 1128 N/m

2) Solve for load components:

ΣFy=0] ΣFx=0]
Wy = W2 sin ϴ Wx = W1 + W2 cos ϴ
= 353.67 N/m = 1719.26

3) Solve for moment components:

a) Mx = WxL²/ 8 b) My = WyL²/ 32
= 10530.49 N-m (roof) = 541.56

4) Solve for Minimum depth "d": Assume compact section:

min. d = L / 30 Allowable Fb = 0.66 Fy
= 233.33 mm 165 MPa

5) Select a trial section:

 C250 X 22.8 purlin
d= #REF! mm M= #REF! kg/m
bf = #REF! mm Sx = #REF! mm³
tf = #REF! mm Sy = #REF! mm³
tw= #REF! mm

6) Solve for additional loads:

Add'l load due to wt of purlin = #REF! N/m

a) Normal wt., wx = wt.purlin ( Cosϴ ) = #REF! N/m

b) Tangential wt., wy = wt.purlin ( Sin ϴ ) = #REF! N/m

c) Normal Moment, Mx = Wx L² / 8 = #REF! N-m

d) Tangential Moment = Wy L² / 32 = #REF! N-m

7) Check if the section is compact:

bf ≤ 170 d ≤ 1690
2tf tw

#REF! #REF! 10.75 #REF! #REF! 106.88

#REF! IF NON COMPACT: Fb = 0.60 Fy

Use allowable fb #REF! Fb= #REF! IF COMPACT: Fb = 0.66 Fy
Therefore use : #REF!
8) Check in flexure:

Actual fb = Mx ( roof + purlins) + My (roof ) + My (purlins)

Sx ½ Sy Sy

Mx (roof) = 10530.49 N-m Mx (roof + purlin) = #REF! Mpa

My (roof) = 541.56 N-m Sx
Mx (purlins) = #REF! N-m
My (purlins) = #REF! N-m My (roof) = #REF! Mpa
½ Sy

My (purlin) = #REF! Mpa

Sy

actual fb = #REF! MPa #REF! allowable Fb = #REF! Mpa

9) Check for shear:

 Allowable Fv = 0.4Fy = 100 Mpa

Actual Fv² = Fvx² + Fvy²

a) Fvx = Vx / dtw Vx = (Wx (roof & Purlin) x L

#REF! Mpa 2
= #REF! N

b) Fvy = Vy / dtf Vy = 5Wy(roof&purlin) x L

#REF! Mpa 16
= #REF! N

Actual Fv = #REF! Mpa #REF!100 Mpa #REF!

ocity of 200 kph)
m
m
degrees
m
m
m
135390198

9830671696

+ W2 cos ϴ
N/m

N-m (roof)
 #REF!

#REF!
 DESIGN OF SAGRODS

Loads carried by purlins:

wt of purlins = #REF! N/m
Roof covering = 48.00 N/m

Sagrod
Purlins

Total load = wt of purlins + roof covering

= #REF! N/m

Force carried by sagrods:

R= 5wL / 8 L= 2.8 m
= #REF! N

Force carried by the critical portion of purlins ( 18th purlins) : no.of purlins = 18
T= pcs of purlins x force carried by sagrods
= #REF! N

Ft= 0.33 Fu
= 0.33 (400 Mpa)
= 132 Mpa

Solving for area:

T = Ft ( A )
A = T / Ft
A = #REF! mm²

Solving for diameter:

A = π d² / 4

d= #REF! mm say 10 mm

Therefore, use 10 mmØ for sagrod

 DESIGN OF TRUSS

Solving for stresses in truss:

Assume weight of truss = (Wtotal) (a x L) (1+ 0.328L)

100

Designing loads: span of truss/ rafter, L = 21.2 m

wt. of purlins = #REF! kN/m² half of truss span = 10.6 m
roof covering = 0.080 kN/m² Spacing of trusses/rafter,a = 3.5 m
bracing load = 0.200 kN/m² Spacing of Purlins = 0.8 m
Live load = 0.60 kN/m² pitch of truss, h = 3.5 m
ceiling = 0.920 kN/m² angle θ = 18.27 °
others = 2.36 kN/m² spacing of joints = 0.724 m
total load = #REF! kN/m²

Compute for truss weight:

truss weight = #REF! kN

Load per top panel joint = 2 x (truss wt) / (3 x L) = #REF! kN

Load per bottom panel joint = #REF! kN

Dead load on truss panel (due to gravity loads):

Purlin wt = #REF! kN/m x 3.5 m = #REF! kN
GI sheet & bracing= 0.280 kN/m² x 3.5 m x 0.800 m = 0.784 kN
Ceiling wt = 0.92 kN/m² x 3.5 m x 0.724 m = 2.33128 kN

P1= 2 x purlin wt. + truss wt. + (G.I sheet & bracing)

P1= #REF! kN
P2= purlin wt. + truss wt. + (G.I sheet & bracing)
P2= #REF! kN
P3= purlin wt. + ½ truss wt. + ½(G.I sheet & bracing)
P3= #REF! kN
P4= ceiing wt + truss wt.
P4= #REF! kN

TRUSS DRAWING

P1
P2 P2
P2 P2 P2
P2 P2
 P2 P2
P2 P2
P2 P2
P2 P2
P2
P2
P3

P4
P4 P4
C E P4 P4
P4
P4
P4
P4
P4
P4
D P4
A P4
P4
P4
P4

m 0.724 @ 28

Consider the whole truss as free a body:

P res = P1 + 26(P2) + 2(P3) +27(P4)
P res = #REF! kN
By Symmetry:
RAv = RBv = #REF! kN

By Method of Joints:
At Joint A

RAC
RAD

RAh

RAv

ΣFh=0]
RAh = 0.00 kN
RAh = RADh = 0 kN
ΣFv=0]
Rav = RAC
RAC = #REF! kN

At Joint C
P3
 sin θ₁ = 0.314
RCE
sin θ₂ = 0.708187
cos θ₁ = 0.950
cos θ₂ = 0.706025

RCD
RAC

ΣFv=0]
RAC = P3 + RCE(sin θ₁) + RCD(sin θ₂)
#REF! = 2.237 + RCE(0.314) +RCD(0.7082)
ΣFh=0]
RCE(cos θ₁) = RCD(cos θ₂)
RCE = (RCD) 0.743516705
RCD = #REF! kN
RCE = #REF! kN

STRESSES DUE TO WIND LOAD : Wind loads = 1.892 kN/m²

angle θ = 18.27 °
sin θ = 0.314
cos θ = 0.950
PN = 1.080 kN/m² Spacing of trusses/rafter,a = 3.5 m
Spacing of joint, Ljoint = 0.8 m
No of top joints= 15
w= 3.025 kN cos θ₂ = 0.935601719
Wtotal = 42.345 kN sin θ₂ = 0.3530572524

TRUSS DRAWING

W/2
Wtotal W
W W
W W
W W
W W
W
W
W
W
W/2

C E
 C E

RAh
D
A

RAv

m 0.724 @ 28

ΣMB=0]
RAv (span) = Wtotal(cos θ)(d) - Wtotal (sin θ)(h) d= 15.9 m
RAv = 28.44 kN h= 2.75 m
ΣFh=0]
RAh = Wtotal(sin θ)
RAh = 13.276901kN
ΣFv=0]
RBv = Wtotal(cos θ) - Rav
RBv = 11.77 kN

By Method of Joints:
At Joint A

RAC
RAD

RAh

RAv

ΣFh=0]
RAh = 13.28
RAh = RADh
RAD = 14.190762kN
ΣFv=0]
RAv + RADv = RAC
RAC = 33.45 kN

At Joint C
W/2
 sin θ₁ = 0.314
RCE
sin θ₂ = 0.708
cos θ₁ = 0.950
cos θ₂ = 0.706

RCD
RAC

ΣFv=0]
RAC = (W/2)(cos θ₁) + RCE(sin θ₁) + RCD(sin θ₂)
33.45 = 2.8733 + RCE(0.314) +RCD(0.7082)
ΣFh=0]
RCE(cos θ₁) = RCD(cos θ₂) + (W/2)(sin θ₁)
RCE = (RCD) 0.743516 + 0.4993548809
RCD = 33.838866kN Designing P (Tension)=
RCE = 25.659117kN Designing P (Compression)=
DRAWING

P2 P2
P2 P2
 P2 P2
P2 P2
P2 P2 P2
P2
P2
P2 m 3.5
P3

P4
P4
P4
P4 m 1.0
P4
P4
P4
P4
P4 B
P4
P4
P4
DRAWING

m 3.5
 m 1.0

RBv
#REF! kN
#REF! kN
 DESIGN OFTRUSSES

Design for Compression:

P= #REF! kN Fy= 250 Mpa

Design constants:
k= 1.0 E= 200000 Mpa L= 1.03 m

Solve for required area:

let L/r = 0

Factor of safety, FS= 5 + (3kL/r) + (kL/r)3

3 8Cc 8Cc3
= 1.67

Factored Fy= Fy = 150.00 Mpa

FS

Assumed 80% = 120.00 Mpa

Fy = P trial A = P / Fy
A = #REF! mm2

Try 2 - 50 x 50 x 10 mm angular bar

r1
Properties of single L 64 X 51 X 4.8
Area, A = #REF! mm²
Weight, W = #REF! kg/m
Width, B = #REF! mm
Height H = #REF! mm
H
Thickness, t = #REF! mm
x = #REF! mm
y = #REF! mm
y r1
Ix = #REF! mm^4
Sx = #REF! mm³
rx = #REF! mm
Iy = #REF! mm^4 x
Sy = #REF! mm³
ry = #REF! mm B
Cc = 125.664
53 53

17.45 17.45

6 6
14.45

50
 50

6 6

A = #REF! mm²
Ix = 2 x Igx = #REF! mm^4
Sx = Ix/c = #REF! mm³
rx = √Ix/A = #REF! mm

Iy = 2(Igy + Ad²) = #REF! mm^4

Sy = Iy/c = #REF!
ry = √Iy/A = #REF! mm

Therefore Use r = #REF! mm

1st condition : if kL/r < Cc , use P /A = Fy ( 1 - (kL/r)2 ) = #REF!

FS 2Cc2

2nd Condition: if kL/r > Cc , use P/A= π²12E = #REF!

23(L/r)²

kL/r = #REF! #RE125.664

#REF! P/A = #REF! N/mm²

Check:
P= #REF! x #REF!
P= #REF! kN #REF! #REF! kN #REF!

Therefore use 2 - L 64 X 51 X 4.8mm angular bar for compression members

 DESIGN OFTRUSSES

Design for Tension:

P= #REF! kN
Fy = 250 MPa
Fu = 400 MPa
L = 1.02605
Solve for gross area:
Ft = 0.6Fy = 150 MPa
Ag = P/Ft = #REF! mm²

Solve for net area:

Ft = 0.5Fu = 200 MPa
Ae = P/Ft = #REF! mm²

Solve for minimum radius of gyration:

r = L/300 = 3.420166667

Try 2 - L 64 X 38 X 4.8mm angular bar

r1
Properties of single L 64 X 38 X 4.8
Area, A = #REF! mm²
Weight, W = #REF! kg/m
Width, B = #REF! mm
Height H = #REF! mm
Thickness, t = #REF! mm
H
x= #REF! mm
y= #REF! mm
Ix = #REF! mm^4 y r1
Sx = #REF! mm³
rx = #REF! mm
Iy = #REF! mm^4 x
Sy = #REF! mm³
ry = #REF! mm B

53 53
17.45 17.45

5 6 6
14.4

50

6 6
 6

A = #REF! mm²
Ix = 2 x Igx = #REF! mm^4
Sx = Ix/c = #REF! mm³
rx = √Ix/A = #REF! mm

Iy = 2(Igy + Ad²) = #REF! mm^4

Sy = Iy/c = #REF!
ry = √Iy/A = #REF! mm

Therefore Use r = #REF! mm

Solve for the length of each side fillet weld required for balance condition:

5
53 17.45 17.4 53

5 6 6

14.
14.4

5
50

35.
6 6
5

Minimum Tensile Strength (Fu) of Weld for E60 Electrode = 425 MPa

Allowable shear on effective area of weld:

Fv = 0.3Fu = 127.5 MPa

Allowable shear on base metal: (Use A36 (Fy = 250 MPa) for all steels)
Fv = 0.4Fy = 100 MPa

Considering one member only:

P/2 = #REF! kN
Length of weld on one side, L = L1 = L2

Based on weld metal shear:

L = P/(0.707tFv) = #REF! mm
Based on base metal shear:
Av = t x L = 6L (contact area between the weld and metal)
P = AvFv = 6L(Fv)
L = #REF! mm

Use L = #REF! mm

For balanced condition:

L1y1 = L2y2

y1 = 14.5 mm
y2 = 35.5 mm

L1 = 2.4482758L2
L2 = #REF! mm
L1 = #REF! mm

Solve for Effective Net Area (Ae) for Welded Connections:

Ae = uAg
L>W
Where:
` L = Length of Weld
W = Distance Between Welds

When L > 2W u = 1
When 2W > L > 1.5W u = 0.87
When 1.5W > L > W u = 0.75

Case
1 #REF! > #REF! 1
2 #REF! > #REF! > #REF! 0
3 #REF! > #REF! > #REF! 0

Therefore Use u = 1
Ae = #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF!

Therefore use L 64 X 38 X 4.8mm angular bar for tension members

 L
1
14.
5 200.87
kN
35.
5
L
2