Clinical Parasitology

PARASITIC PROTOZOA

 PHYLUM PROTOZOA (CLASS LOBOSA - AMOEBA)

Organism Stage of Method of Pathogenic/ Host Infective Mode of Inhabited Special Pathogenesis
development Reproduction Non-Pathoge Stage Transmission organ Features
nic

Entamoeba •Cyst (Small Simple Binary Pathogenic •Human Mature Cyst Ingestion of •Large Amoebic
Histolytica intestine) fission mature cyst in intestine dysentery
•Primates fecally
•Trophozoite contaminated •Formed stool -
(Large food/water/ cyst
intestine) hands.
•Diarrheal
stool -
Trophozoite

Entamoeba •Cyst Simple Binary Non-Pathogeni •Human Mature Cyst Ingestion of Excystation - •Very lage Diarrhea
Coli fission c mature cyst in small intestine glycogen
•Trophozoite fecally vacuole.
contaminated Trophozoites
food/water/ migrate to - •Only
hands. Large intestine Entamoeba in
man contains
8 nucleus.

•Broad
pseudpodia

•Shell-like
appearance

Iodamoeba •Cyst Binary fission Non-Pathogeni •Human Mature Cyst Ingestion of Excystation - Diarrhea
butschlii c mature cyst in small intestine
•Trophozoite •Pigs fecally
contaminated Trophozoites
•Monkey migrate to -
food/water/
hands. Large intestine

Endolimax •Cyst Binary fission Non-Pathogeni •Human Mature Cyst Ingestion of Excystation - •Referred to as Diarrhea
Nana c mature cyst in small intestine “ Cross-eyed
•Trophozoite fecally amoeba”
contaminated Trophozoites
food/water/ migrate to -
 hands. Large intestine

Diantamoeba •Trophozoite Binary fission Non-Pathogeni •Human Trophozoites Faecal-oral Large intestine Diarrhea
fragilis c route
•Primates

•Swine

 PHYLUM SARCOMASTIGOPHORA (CLASS ZOOMASTIGOPHORA/ FLAGELLATA - FLAGLLATES)

Organism Stage of Method of Pathogenic/ Host Infective Mode of Inhabited Special Pathogenesis
development Reproduction Non-Pathoge Stage Transmission organ Features
nic

Giardia • Cyst Binary fission Mild • Dog Mature Cyst Ingestion of Small intestine • Has 2 identical Giardiasis
Lamblia pathogenic cyst nuclei similar
• Trophozoite • Cat to a “old wise
monkey”
• Human
• Sucking disc,
pear shape
(Front), spoon
shape (side)

Trichomonas • Trophozoite Binary fission Pathgogenic Human Trophozoites Sexual • Vulva • Pear shaped Trichomoniasis
vaginalis (most intercourse
(STI) common) • Vagina • Barb-like
axostyle
• Cervix

• Urethra -
Penis

Chilomstix • Cyst Binary Fission Non-pathogeni • Human Mature Cyst Ingestion of • Cecum • Prominent
Mesnili c mature cyst in cytosome
Trophozoite • Chimpanzees fecally • Colon
contaminated • Spiral groove
• Orangutans across ventral
food/water/
hands. surface
• Monkey

• Pigs

Very common
in rat and frog
Trypanosoma • Trypomastigot Binary Fission Pathogenic • Human • Metacylic Vector - Tsetse Trypanosomias
Brucei es Trypomastigot fly (Glossina is - Gambian/
Gambiense • Domestic es spp) West african
• Epimastigotes animal sleeping
sickness

MALARIAL PARASITES

 PHYLUM CILIOPHORA (CLASS HETEROTRICHEA - CILIATES)

Organism Stage of Method of Pathogenic/ Host Infective Mode of Inhabited Special Pathogenesis
development Reproduction Non-Pathoge Stage Transmission organ Features
nic

Balantidium • Cyst Asexual Binary Pathogenic • Human Mature Cyst Ingestion of Large Kidney Balantidial/
coli Fission (Rare) mature cyst in intestine shaped ciliary
Trophozoite fecally macronucleu dysentry
• Pig contaminated
s
food/water/
hands.

Opalina • Cyst Binary Fission Pathogenic - • Frog Mature Cyst Ingestion of • Body is
Ranarum Amphibians, cyst leaf-like
• Trophozoite reptiles, ish • Tadpole shape

• Equally size
nucleus