Labor Law 1 Course Outline

School Year 2019-2020

Atty. Jerwin Lim

I. Principles of Labor Law

A. 1987 Constitution - Relevant Provisions

1. State Policies

a) Article II, Secs. 9, 10, 11, 13, 14, 18, and 20

b) Cases:
(1) Manila Prince Hotel v. GSIS, G.R. NO. 122156, 3
February 1997
(2) Tañada v Angara, G.R. No. 118295, 2 May 1997.

2. Bill of Rights

a) Article III, Secs. 1, 4, 7, 8, 10, 16, and 18(2)

b) Cases:
(1) Serrano v. NLRC, G.R. No. 117040, 27 January 2000
(2) Abbott Laboratories, Philippines v. Alcaraz, G.R. No.
192571, 23 July 2013
(3) Serrano v Gallant Maritime Services, Inc. G.R. No.
167614, 24 March 2009
(4) Anucension V National Labor Union, G.R> No.
L-26097, 1977

3. Social Justice

a) Article XIII, Secs. 1, 2, 3, 13, and 14

b) Cases:
(1) International School Alliance of Educators v.
Quisimbing, G.R. No. 128845, 1 June 2000
(2) Read Separate Opinion of Justice Dante Tinga in the
case of Agabon v. NLRC, G.R. No. 158693, 17 November
2004
(3) Asia Brewery, Inc. TPMA, G.R. Nos. 171594-96, 18
September 2013

B. Civil Code - Relevant Provisions

1. Relation between Labor and Capital

a) Article 1700
b) Cases:
(a) Innodata Philippines Inc. v. Quejada-Lopez, G.R. No.
162839, 12 October 2006
2. Liberal Construction in Favor of Labor

a) Article 1702 in relation to Article 4 of the Labor Code

b) Cases:
(1) Marcopper Mining Corporation v. NLRC, G.R. No.
103525, 29 March 1996
(2) PLDT v NLRC, G.R. No. L-80609, 23 August 1988
(3) Cebu Royal Plant v Minister of Labor, G.R> No.
58639, 12 August 1987
(4) Century Canning Corporation v. Ramil, G.R. no.
171630, 8 August 2010
(5) Colegio de San Juan de Letran - Calamba v. Villas,
G.R. No. 137795, 26 March 2003

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II. Pre-Employment and Recruitment

A. Pre-Employment

1. Employment Contracts

a) Article 4, Labor Code of the Philippines

b) Article 1701, New Civil Code.
c) Cases:
(1) Brew Master International, Inc, vs. National Federation of Labor
Unions, et. al., G.R. No. 119243, 17 April 1997
(2) Leyte Geothermal Power Progressive Employees Union - ALU – TUCP
vs. Philippine National Oil Company - Energy Development
Corporation, G.R. No. 170351, 20 March 2011

2. Prohibited Stipulations in Employment Contracts

a) Article 136, Labor Code of the Philippines.

b) Article 248(b), Labor Code of the Philippines.
c) Article 135 and Article 140, Labor Code of the Philippines.

3. Restrictive Covenants in Employment Contracts

a) Rolando Rivera vs. Solid Bank Corporation, G.R. No. 163269, 19 April
2006
b) Daisy Tiu vs. Platinum Plans Phils., Inc., G.R. No. 163512, 28 February
2007
c) Ferrazzini v. Gsell, GR No. 10712, 10 August 1916
d) Del Castillo v. Richmond, GR No. 21127, 9 February 1924

B. Classification of Employment

1. Classification Based on Nature of Position

a) Regular Employment

(1) Article 295 (280), Labor Code of the Philippines

(2) Cases:
(a) Pure Foods Corporation vs. National Labor Relations Commission,
et. al., G.R. No. 122653, 12 December 1997.
(b) Buenaventura C. Magsalin & Coca Cola Bottlers, Phils. Inc. vs.
National Organization of Working Men, et. al., G.R. No. 148492, 9
May 2003.
(c) Romares v. NLRC, G.R. No. 122327, 19 August 1998.
(d) Association of Trade Unions v. Abella, G.R. No. 100518, 24
January 2000.
(e) Bustamante v. NLRC, G.R. no. 111651, 15 March 1996.

b) Casual Employment

(1) Maranaw Hotels & Resort Corp. v Court of Appeals, GR No. 149660
(2009)
(2) Mercado v NLRC, 201 SCRA 332 (1991)
(3) See also: Philippine Jai-Alai & Amusement Corporation v Clave, G.R.
No. L-54136, 21 December 1983
(4) University of Santo Tomas vs Samahang Mangagagwa ng UST, et. al.,
G.R. No. 184262, 24 April 2017

c) Seasonal Employee

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(1) Hacienda Bino/Hortencia Starke, Inc. et. al. vs. Candindo Cuence, at.
al., G.R. No. 150478, 15 April 2005.
(2) Manila Hotel Company vs. Court of Industrial Relations, et. al., G.R.
No. L-18873, 30 September 1963.

d) Project Based Employment

(1) Article 295 (280), Labor Code of the Philippines

(2) Section 5[a], Rule I, Book VI, Rules to Implement the Labor Code, as
amended by Article IV, Department Order No 10, Series of 1997
(3) Project Employment in the Construction Industry - DOLE Department
Order No. 19, Series of 1993.
(4) Cases:
(a) Saberola v. Suarez, G.R. No. 151227, 14 July 2008.
(b) GMA Network Inc. v. Pabriga, G.R. No. 1746419, 27 November
2013.
(c) ALU-TUCP, et. al. vs. NLRC, G.R. No. 109902, 2 August 1994.
(d) Hermonias L. Liganza vs. RBL Shipyard Corp., G.R. No. 159862,
17 October 2006.
(e) Judy O. Dacuital et. al. vs. L.M. Camus Engineering Corporation,
G.R. no. 176748, 1 September 2010.
(f) San Miguel Corporation vs. National Labor Relations Commission,
G.R. No. 147566, 6 December 2006.

(5) Work Pool

(a) Maraguinot, Jr. et. al., v. NLRC and Viva Films, G.R. No. 120969
January 22, 1998
(b) Tomas Lao Construction, et al. v. NLRC, et al., G.R. No. 116781, 5
September 1997

e) Fixed-Term Employment

(1) Brent School Inc. v Ronaldo Zamora, et. al., G.R. No. L-48494, 5
February 1990
(2) Cherry J. Price, et al. vs. INNODATA Phils. Inc., et al., G.R. No.
178505, 30 September 2008.
(3) Lynvil Fishing Enterprises Inc. v Ariola GR 181974, Feb 1 2012
(4) Purefoods Corp. v NLRC, 283 SCRA 133 (1997)
(5) Universal Robina Sugar Milling Corporation and Rene Cabati, G.R.
No. 186439. January 15, 2014
(6) Fuji Television Network Inc. v Espiritu, G.R. No. 204944-45, December
03, 2014
(7) Fontera Brands Phils., Inc. vs. Leonardo Largado and Teotimo
Estrellado, G.R. No. 205300, March 18, 2015

2. Classification Based on Duties and Responsibilities

a) Rank and File Employees

b) Supervisory Employees
c) Managerial Employees

3. Special Types of Employment

a) Learners

(1) Article 73, Labor Code of the Philippines

(2) Omnibus Rules: Book II, Rules VI-VII

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(3) Republic Act 7686 otherwise known as the Dual Training System Act
of 1994
(4) TESDA Circular No. 16, Series of 2004

b) Apprentices

(1) Article 58, Labor Code of the Philippines

(2) Republic Act No. 7796 otherwise known as the Technical Education
and Skills Development Act of 1994
(3) Cases:
(a) Century Canning Corporation vs. CA, G.R. No. 152894, 17 August
2007
(b) Nitto Enterprises v. NLRC, 248 SCRA 654

c) Foreign or Alien Employment

(1) Articles 40-42, Labor Code of the Philippines

(2) Omnibus Rules: Book I, Rule XIV,
(3) DOLE Department Order No. 146 series of 2015
(4) Cases:
(a) General Milling Corp. v. Torres, 196 SCRA 215
(b) Almodiel v NLRC 223 SCRA 341
(c) Pacific Consultants International Asia Inc. v Schonfeld, GR No.
166920, Feb 19, 2007
(d) WPP Marketing Communications, Inc. et al. vs. Jocelyn M. Galera/
Jocelyn M. Galera vs. WPP Marketing Communications, Inc. et al.,
G.R. No. 169207/G.R. No. 169239, March 25, 2010
(e) Dreamland Hotel Resort v Stephen B. Johnson, G.R. No. 191455,
March 12, 2014

C. Hiring Policies/Standards

1. Management Prerogative
a) Michelle Tuason vs. Bank of Commerce, et. al., G.R. No. 192076, 21
November 2012
b) Armando G. Yrasuegi vs. Philippine Airlines, Inc., G.R. No. 168081, 12
October 2008
c) Duncan Association of Detailman-PTGWTO
vs. Glaxo Wellcome Philippines, Inc., G.R. No. 162994, 17 September
2004

2. Women
a) Article 135, the Labor Code of the Philippines
b) Section 22, Republic Act 9710, otherwise known as the Magna Carta for
Women
c) Case:
(1) PT&T Company v NLRC, G.R. No. 118978, 23 May 1997

3. Solo Parent
a) Section 7, RA 8972, otherwise known as the Solo Parents’ Welfare Act of
2000

4. Persons with Disabilities

a) Title Two, Chapter I, Section 5, the Magna Carta for Disabled Persons
b) Title One, Chapter I, Section 4(k), the Magna Carta for Disabled Persons
c) Case:
(1) Marites Bernardo, et. al., v. NLRC, G.R. No. 122917, 12 July 1999

D. Recruitment and Placement

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1. Recruitment and Placement Defined

a) Article 13 (b), Labor Code of the Philippines

b) Cases:
(1) People v. Saley, 291 SCRA 715 (1998)
(2) People v Goce, 247 SCRA 780 (1995)
(3) People v. Panis, G.R. Nos. L-58674-77, 11 July 1986

2. Illegal Recruitment

a) Local vs Overseas

(1) Illegal Recruitment in Local Employment

(a) Article 38 Labor Code of the Philippines

(b) Section 42, Department Order No. 141-14, Series of 2014, Revised
Rules and Regulations Governing Recruitment and Placement for
Local Employment

(2) Illegal Recruitment in Overseas Employment

(a) Section 6, R.A. No. 8042 as amended by Section 5 of R.A. No.

10022
(b) Section 1, Rule II, Omnibus Rules and Regulations Implementing
the Migrant Workers and Overseas Filipinos Act of 1995, as
amended by R.A. No. 10022, 8 July 2010.

b) Types of Illegal Recruitment

(1) Simple Illegal Recruitment

(a) Republic of the Philippines v. PASEI, G.R. No. 167590, 13

November 2012.
(b) People v. Engr. Diaz, 328 Phil. 794, 806 (1996)

(2) Illegal Recruitment Involving Economic Sabotage

(a) Syndicated Illegal Recruitment

i) People v. Lalli, G.R. No. 195419, 12 October 2011
ii) People v. Guevarra, G.R. No. 120141, 21 April 1999

(b) Large Scale Illegal Recruitment

i) People v. Laurel, G.R. No. 120353, 12 February 1998
ii) People v. Trinidad, G.R. No. 181244, 9 August 2010

(c) Cases:
i) People v. Fernandez, G.R. No. 199211, 4 June 2014]
ii) Rodolfo v. People, G.R. No. 146964, 10 August 2006
iii) People v. Ballesteros, G.R. Nos. 116905-908, 6 August 2002
iv) People v. Jamilosa, G.R. No. 169076, 27 January 2007

c) Illegal Recruitment v ESTAFA

(1) Sy v. People, G.R. No. 183879, 14 April 2010

(2) People v. Ballesteros, G.R. No. 116905-908, 6 August 2002

d) Liability of Local Recruitment Agency and Foreign Employer

(1) Solidary Liability

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(a) Section 10, R.A. No. 8042, as amended by Section 7, R.A. No.
10022
(b) Section 3, Rule VII, Omnibus Rules and Regulations Implementing
the Migrant Workers and Overseas Filipinos Act of 1995, as
amended by R.A. No. 10022, 8 July 2010

(2) Theory of Imputed Knowledge

(a) Sunace International Management Services, Inc. v NLRC, G.R. No.

161757, January 25, 2006
(b) Serrano v. Gallant Maritime Services, G.R. No. 167614, March 24
2009
(c) Sameer Overseas Placement Agency v Cabiles, G.R. No. 170139,
August 05, 2014

e) Money Claims

(1) Section 10, R.A. No. 8042 as amended by R.A. No. 10022
(2) Cases:
(a) Vir-Jen Shipping and Marine Services Inc v. NLRC, G.R. No.
L-58011 & L-58012, November 18, 1983
(b) Serrano v. Gallant Maritime Services, G.R. No. 167614, March 24
2009;
(c) Yap v. Thenamaris Ship’s Management and Intermare Maritime
Agencies, Inc., G.R. No. 179532, May 30, 2011
(d) Sameer Overseas Placement Agency v Cabiles, G.R. No. 170139,
August 05, 2014
(e) Becmen Service Exporter and Promotion v. Cuaresma, G.R. Nos.
182978-79, April 7, 2009

f) Jurisdiction

(1) Criminal Action:

(a) RA 8042 Sec 9, Omnibus Rules Implementing RA 8042 as
amended Rule IV sec 6.
(2) Money Claims
(a) RA 8042 Sec 10 1st par, Omnibus Rules Implementing RA 8042 as
amended Rule VII, Sec 1
(3) Administrative Cases
(a) Omnibus Rules Implementing RA 8042 as amended, Rule X, Sec 6
(a), (b)

3. POEA Land-Based Rules and Regulations (2016)

a) Licensing (Part II, Rule I)

b) Fees, Costs, and Contributions (Part II, Rule V)
(1) http://www.gov.ph/2015/06/09/poea-cancels-license-of-manning-
agency-over-placement-fee/
c) Recruitment Outside Registered Office, (Part II, Rule VII), Illegal
Recruitment (Part II, Rule X)
d) Placement by the Private Sector (Part III, Rules I and II)
(1) ABD Overseas Manpower Corp. v. NLRC, 286 SCRA 454
e) Recruitment Violations and Related Cases
(1) Datuman v. First Cosmopolitan Manpower and Promotion Services,
G.R. No. 156029, 14 November 2008
f) Repatriation of Workers (Part VIII, Rule II)
(1) Equi-Asia Placement Inc. v. Department of Foreign Affairs, G.R. No.
152214, 19 September 2006

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III. Employment Proper

A. Employer-Employee Relationship

a) Four-Fold Test

(1) Insular Life Assurance Co., Ltd. v NLRC and Melecio Basiao, G.R. No.
84484, 15 November 1989
(2) Insular Life Assurance Co., Ltd. v NLRC, et. al., G.R. No. 119930. 12
March 1998
(3) Sonza v. ABS-CBN Broadcasting Corp., 431 SCRA 583
(4) ABS-CBN Broadcasting Corporation v Marlyn Nazareno, Merlou
Gerzon, Jennifer Deiparine, and Josephine Lerasan, G.R. No. 164156,
26 September 2006 (you may also see Begino vs. ABS-CBN
Corporation, G.R. No. 199166, April 20, 2015)
(5) Thelma Dumpit-Murillo v Court of Appeals, GR No. 164652, June 8,
2007
(6) Fuji Television Network Inc. v Espiritu, G.R. No. 204944-45, December
03, 2014
(7) Nogales vs Capitol Medical Center, G.R. No. 142625, December 19,
2006
(8) Calamba Medical Center Inc v NLRC, GR No. 176484, November 25,
2008
(9) Professional Services Inc v CA, G.R. No. 126297, 2 February 2010
(10)Casumpang v Cortejo, GR No. 171127, March 11, 2015
(11)Escasinas v Shangri-la’s Mactan Island Resort GR No. 178827, Mar 4,
2009
(12)Lirio v Genovia, GR No. 169757, Nov 23, 2011
(13)Joaquin Lu v. Tirso Enopia, G.R. No. 197899, March 6, 2017
(14)Legend Hotel Manila v. Hernani S. Realuyo, G.R. No. 153511, July 18,
2012
(15)WPP Marketing Communications, Inc. et al. vs. Jocelyn M. Galera/
Jocelyn M. Galera vs. WPP Marketing Communications, Inc. et al.,
G.R. No. 169207/G.R. No. 169239, March 25, 2010
(16)Semblante v Court of Appeals, GR No. 196426, August 15, 2011

b) Two-Tiered Test of Employment Relationship - Economic Realities Test

(1) Angelina Francisco vs. NLRC, G.R. No. 170087, 31 August 2006
(2) Jesus Reyes v. Glaucoma Research Foundation, Inc., et. al., G.R. No.
189255, 17 June 2015
(3) Orozco v Court of Appeals, 562 SCRA 36 (2008)

B. Probationary Employment

1. Article 296 (281), Labor Code of the Philippines

2. Section 6(d), Rule I, Book VI, IRR
3. Cases:
a) San Miguel Corp. v. Del Rosario, G.R. No. 168194 & 168603, 13
December 2005.
b) Buiser v. Hon. Leogardo, G.R. No. L-63316, 31 July 1984.
c) Alcira vs. National Labor Relations Commission, et. al. (G.R. No. 149859,
9 June 2004)
d) Magis Young Achievers Learning Center at al v Manalo, G.R. No.
178835, 13 February 2009.
e) Robinsons Galleria/Robinsons Supermarket Corporation vs. Irene
Ranchez, G.R. No. 177937, 19 January 2011.
f) Magis Young Achievers Learning Center at al v Manalo, G.R. No.
178835, 13 February 2009.

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g) Robinsons Galleria/Robinsons Supermarket Corporation vs. Irene

Ranchez, G.R. No. 177937, 19 January 2011.

C. Job Contracting

1. Definition of Job Contracting

a) Article 106, Labor Code of the Philippines

b) Department Order No. 174, series of 2017 (DO 174)
c) Cases:
(1) Serrano v. NLRC, G.R. No. 117040, 27 January 2000
(2) Goya Inc. v Giya Inc. Employees Union-FFW, G.R. No. 170054, 21
January 2013

2. Permissible Contracting or Subcontracting Arrangements

a) Section 8, D.O. 174

b) Cases:
(1) Rolando Sasan, et al. v NLRC, G.R. No. 176240, 17 October 2008
(2) San Miguel Corporation v Vicente Semillano, et. al., G.R. No. 164257,
5 July 2010
(3) Consolidated Building Maintenance, Inc. And Sarah Delgado V
Rolando Asprec, Jr. And Jonalen Bataller, G.R. No. 217301, 6 June
2018

3. Labor Only Contracting

a) Elements
(1) Article 106, Labor Code of the Philippines
(2) Section 5, D.O. 174
(3) Cases:
(a) Alviado v Proctor & Gamble Phil. Inc. GR No. 160506, June 6,
2011
(b) Eparwa Security and Janitorial Services Inc. v Liceo de Cagayan
University, GR No. 150402, Nov 28, 2006.
(c) Goya, Inc. v. Goya, Inc. Employees Union-FFW, G.R. No. 170054,
Jan. 21, 2013
(d) Avelino S. Alelin v Petron Corporation, GR No. 177592, June 9,
2014
(e) Allied Banking Corporation v. Calumpang, G.R. No. 219435, 17
January 2018

4. Additional Cases on Contracting

a) Philippine Bank of Communications v NLRC 146 SCRA 347 (1986)

b) San Miguel Corp. v Semillano, GR No. 164257, July 5, 2010
c) Alviado v Proctor & Gamble Phil. Inc. GR No. 160506, June 6, 2011
d) Eparwa Security and Janitorial Services Inc. v Liceo de Cagayan
e) University, GR No. 150402, Nov 28, 2006.
f) Goya, Inc. v. Goya, Inc. Employees Union-FFW, G.R. No. 170054, Jan.
21, 2013
g) Avelino S. Alelin v Petron Corporation, GR No. 177592, June 9, 2014

5. Personnel Movement

a) Vaild and Invalid Transfers

b) Promotions and Demotions

D. Philippine Labor Standards

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 Labor Law 1 Course Outline
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1. Coverage and Exclusions

a) Article 82, Labor Code of the Philippines.

b) Section 2, Rule I, Book III of the Rules to Implement the Labor Code.
c) Cases:
(1) National Sugar Refineries Corporation vs. NLRC, G.R. No. 101761, 24
March 1993.
(2) Manila Terminal Co Inc v CIR, 91 Phil 625 (1952)
(3) International Pharmaceuticals v. NLRC (287 SCRA 213)
(4) San Miguel Brewery, Inc. v. Democratic Labor Organization, 8 SCRA
613
(5) Far East Agricultural Supply Inc v Labatique GR No. 162813, Feb 12,
2007
(6) Mercidar Fishing Corp. v. NLRC, October 8, 1998
(7) Labor Congress of the Philippines v. NLRC, 290 SCRA 509 (1998)

2. Doctrine on Non-Diminution of Benefits

a) Article 100, Labor Code of the Philippines
b) Cases:
(1) TSPIC Corporation vs. TSPIC Employees Union (FFW), G. R. No.
163419, 13 February 2008.
(2) Globe Telecom Inc. vs. Florendo-Flores, G.R. No.
150092, 27 September 2002.
(3) Sevilla Trading Company vs. A.VS.A. Tomas Samana and Sevilla
Trading Workers Union – SUPER, G.R. No. 152456, 28 April 2004.
(4) Davao Integrated Port Stevedoring Services vs. Abarquez, G.R. No.
102132, 19 March 1993
(5) Tiangco vs Leogardo, Jr., G.R. No. L-57636, 16 May 1983;
(6) Davao Fruits Corporation vs Associated Labor Unions, G.R. No.
85073, 24 August 1993.
(7) Angelina Fransisco vs. NLRC, G.R. No. 170087, 31 August 2006.
(8) Globe Telecom Inc. v. Florendo-Flores, G.R> No. 150092, 27
September 2002

3. Hours of Work
a) Normal Hours of Work
(1) Art 84, Labor Code of the Philippines
(2) Section 3 and 4, Rule I, Book III, Rules to Implement the Labor Code
(3) Cases:
(a) University of Pangasinan Faculty Union v. University of
Pangasinan, 127 SCRA 691 (1984)
(b) Rada v. NLRC, 205 SCRA 69 (1992)
(c) Uniin Carbide Labor Union v. Union Carbide Philippines, Inc., G.R.
No. L-76746, 27 July 1987
(d) Pigcaulan v Security & Credit Investigation Inc. GR No. 173648,
Jan 16 2012
(e) Arica v NLRC, G.R. No. 78210, 28 February 1989

b) Meal Break
(1) Art 85, Labor Code of the Philippines
(2) Section 7, Rule I, Book III, Rules to Implement the Labor Code
(3) Case:
(a) Sime Darby Pilipinas, Inc. v NLRC, G.R. No. 119205, 15 April 1998

c) Flexible Work Arrangements

(1) Department Advisory No.2, Series of 2004, nImplementation of
Compressed Workweek Schemes
(2) Department Advisory No.2, Series of 2009, Guidelines on the Adoption
of Flexible Work Arrangements

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(3) Cases:
(a) Bisig Manggagawa sa Tryco v NLRC, G.R. No. 151309, 15 October
2008
(b) Linton Commercial Co., Inc. v Hellera, G.R. No. 163147, 10
October 2007

d) Overtime Pay
(1) Art 87-90, Labor Code of the Philippines
(2) Cases:
(a) Engineering Equipment Inc. v. Minister of Labor, G.R. No. L64967,
23 September 1985
(b) Caltex Regular Employees at Manila Office v Caltex [Philippines],
Inc., 247 SCRA 398 (1995)
(c) Philippine National Bank v. Philippine National Bank Employees
Association, 115 SCRA 507 (1982)
(d) Bisig ng Manggagawa ng Philippine Refining Co., Inc. v. Phil
Refining Co. Inc., 107 SCRA 677 (1981)
(e) PAL Employees Savings and Loan Association,. Inc. v NLRC, G.R.
No. 105963, 22 August 1996
(f) Mercader v. Manila Polo Club, G.R. No. L-8373, 28 September
1956

4. Rest Day
a) Art 91-93, Labor Code of the Philippines
b) Executive Order 203 (1987),
c) Omnibus Rules: Book III, Rules III-IV,
d) R.A. No. 9492,
e) R.A. No. 9849
f) Cases:
(1) Mantrade / FMMC Division Employees and Workers Union v
Bacungan, 144 SCRA 510 (1986)
(2) Jose Rizal College v. NLRC, 156 SCRA 27 (1987)
(3) San Miguel Corp. v. CA, GR 146775, January 30, 2002

5. Holiday Pay
a) Coverage and Purpose
b) No presumptions for monthly-paid employees
(1) Mantrade/FMMC Division Employees and Workers Union vs
Bacungan G.R. No. L-48437. September 30, 1986
c) Muslim holiday
(1) San Miguel Corporation vs. The Honorable Court Of Appeals-Former
Thirteenth Division, Hon. Undersecretary Jose M. Espaol, Jr., Hon.
Cresenciano B. Trajano, and Hon. Regional Director Allan M.
Macaraya G.R. No. 146775. January 30, 2002
d) Double holidays
(1) Asian Transmission v CA, G.R. No. 144664 March 15, 2004
e) Computation and Payment - Holiday Pay
(1) Union Of Filipro Employees (Ufe) vs Benigno Vivar, Jr., National Labor
Relations Commission and Nestlé Philippines, Inc. (Formerly Filipro,
Inc. G.R. No. 79255 January 20, 1992
(2) Trans-Asia Phils. Employees Ass’n vs NLRC G.R. No.
118289. December 13, 1999
(3) Agga vs NLRC, G.R. No. 123882 November 16, 1998
(4) Wellington Investment and Manufacturing Corporation vs Cresenciano
B. Trajano, Under-Secretary of Labor and Employment G.R. No.
114698 July 3, 1995
(5) Building Care Corp. v NLRC, G.R. No. 94237 February 26, 1997)

6. Nightwork

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a) Republic Act No. 10151 (“Employment Nightworkers Law”), repealing both

Articles 130 and 131 of the Labor Code of the Philippines
b) Article 154 of the Labor Code of the Philippines as amended by RA
10151.
c) Department Order No. 119, Series of 2012 or the Implementing Rules of
the Employment Nightworkers Law

7. Leave Benefits

a) Service Incentive Leave

(1) Art. 95, Labor Code of the Philippines
(2) Section 1, Rule V, Book III, Rules to Implement the Labor Code
(3) Cases:
(a) Makati Haberdashery Inc. vs. NLRC G.R. Nos. 83380-81
November 15, 1989)
(b) Imbuido v. NLRC, 329 SCRA 357 (2000)
(c) JPL Marketing Promotions v. Court of Appeals 463 SCRA 136
(2005)
(d) Auto Bus Transport Systems Inc. v. Bautista 458 SCRA 578 (2005)
(e) Sentinel Security Agency Inc. v NLRC G.R. No. 122468 September
3, 1998


b) Maternity Leave
(1) Article 133(a) of the Labor Code in relation to Section 14-A of Republic
Act 8282 otherwise known as “The Social Security System Law.”

c) Special Leave Benefit for Women

d) Paternity Leave
(1) Section 2, Republic Act 8187.
e) Parental Leave for Solo Parents
f) Battered Woman Leave

8. Bonus
a) American Wire & Cable Daily Rated Employees Union vs. American Wire
and Cable Co., G.R. No. 155059, 29 April 2005
b) Businessday Information Systems and Services Inc. v. NLRC, 221 SCRA
9 (1993)
c) Lepanto Ceramics Inc. v Lepanto Ceramics Employees Association, GR
No. 180866, Mar 2, 2010
d) Eastern Telecommunications Phil. Inc. v Eastern Telecoms Employees
Union, GR No. 185665, Feb 8, 2012

9. Wages
a) Computation of Wages
(1) Lopez Sugar Corporation vs. Leonito G. Franco, Rogelio R. Pabalan,
Romeo T. Perrin And Eduardo T. Candelario G.R. No. 148195. May 16,
2005
(2) Dominico C. Congson vs. National Labor Relations Commission G.R.
No. 114250 April 5, 1995
b) Payrol Payment
(1) Pedro Chavez vs. National Labor Relations Commission, Supreme
Packaging, Inc. And Alvin Lee, Plant Manager G.R. No. 146530.
January 17, 2005
c) Evidence of Employment
(1) Phil. Global Communications v De Vera, G.R. No. 157214. June 7,
2005
d) Time and Manner of Payment
(1) Section 7, Republic Act 6727 in relation to Article 104 of the Labor
Code of the Philippines.

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(2) Explanatory Bulletin issued by DOLE Secretary Leonardo Quisumbing

dated November 25, 1996.
e) Prohibitions Regarding Wages
(1) Article 116, Labor Code of the Philippines.
(2) Cases:
(a) Special Steel Products, Inc. vs. Villareal, G.R. 143304, 2004
(b) Radio Communications of the Phils v Secretary of Labor, G.R. No.
77959 January 9, 1989);
(c) Ernesto M. Apodaca Vs. National Labor Relations Commission
G.R. No. 80039 April 18, 1989
(d) Manila Trading & Supply Co. v Manila Trading Labor Ass’n, G.R.
No. L-5062  April 29, 1953
(e) Five-J Taxi v NLRC, G.R. No. 111474 August 22, 1994
(3) Deposits
(a) Articles 114 and 115, Labor Code of the Philippines
(b) Dentech Manufacturing Corporation Vs.National Labor Relations
Commission G.R. No. 81477 April 19, 1989
(4) Liability for Wages
(a) Articles 105-111, Labor Code of the Philippines
(b) DOLE D.O. 174, s. 2017
(5) Jurisdiction of DOLE Regional Director v Labor Arbiter
(a) Balladares v Peak Ventures Corp, GR No. 161794, June 16, 2009
(b) Meteoro v Creative Creatires Inc, GR No. 171275, July 13, 2009
(6) Worker Preference in case of bankruptcy
(a) Republic v Peralta, 150 SCRA 37 (1987)
(b) DBP v NLRC G.R. No. 86227 January 19, 1994
(c) DBP v NLRC, 242 SCRA 58 (1995)
(d) Manuel D. Yngson, Jr., (in his capacity as the Liquidator of ARCAM
& Co., Inc.) v Philippine National Bank. G.R. No. 171132, August
15, 2012

f) Additional Cases:
(1) Gaa v CA, 140 SCRA 304 (1985)
(2) Five J Taxi v. NLRC, 235 SCRA 556 (1994)
(3) Genesis Transport Service Inc v UMMGT GR No. 182114, April 5, 2010
(4) Niña Jewelry Manufacturing of Medal Arts Inc. v Montecillo GR No.
188169, Nov 29, 2011
(5) SHS Perforated Materials v Diaz, GR No. 185814, Oct 13, 2010

10. Thirteenth Month Pay

a) Presidential Decree No. 851,  as amended by the Revised Guidelines on
the Implementation of the 13th Month Pay Law, DOLE Labor Advisory 15
series of 2014
b) Cases:
(1) Ultra Villa Food Haus  vs. Renato Geniston, National Labor Relations
Commission Presiding Commissioner G.R. No. 120473. June 23, 1999
(2) Framanlis Farms, Inc. v. Minister of Labor, 171 SCRA 87 (1989)
(3) Jackson Building Condominium v NLRC, G.R. No. 111515 July 14,
1995
(4) Boei Takeda v dela Serna 228 SCRA 329 (1993)
(5) Philippine Duplicators Inc. v NLRC, 241 SCRA 380 (1995)
(6) JPL Mktg. Promotions v CA, G.R. No. 151966 July 8, 2005
(7) International Broadcasting Corporation v Panganiban, GR No. 151407,
Feb 6, 2007
(8) Letran Calamba Faculty & Employees Assocation v NLRC, GR No.
156225, Jan 29, 2008
(9) Alliance of Government Workers vs MOLE G.R. No. L-60403 August 3,
1983
(10)Archilles Manufacturing Corporation, Alberto Yu And Adrian Yu vs. National
Labor Relations Commission G.R. No. 107225 June 2, 1995

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IV. Post Employment

A. Termination of Employment by the Employee

1. Resignation
a) When Notice Not Required
(1) Article 285(b) of the Labor Code of the Philippines
b) When Notice Required
(1) Article 285(a) of the Labor Code of the Philippines
c) Cases:
(1) BMG Records vs. Aida Aparecio, G.R. 153920, 5 September 2007.
(2) Noel Mora vs. Avesco Marketing Corporation, G.R. 177414, 14
November 2008.

2. Abandonment
a) Tan Brothers Corporation of Basilan City vs. Edna Escudero, G.R. No.
188711, 8 July 2013.
b) Fianza vs. National Labor Relations Commission, G.R. No. 163061, 26
June 2013.
c) New Ever Marketing vs. Court of Appeals, G.R. 140555, 14 July 2005.
d) RBC Cable vs. Marcial Baluyot, G.R. No. 172670, 20 January 2009
e) Danny Mame vs. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 167953, 3 April 2007
f) Fe La Rosa vs. Ambassador Hotel, G.R. No. 177059, 13 March 2009;
g) MZR Industries vs. Majen Colambot, G.R. No. 179001, 28 August 2013;
h) Tegimenta Chemical Phils, Vivian Rose D. Garcia, Mary Anne Oco, G.R.
No. 175369, 27 February 2013

B. Termination of Employment by the Employer

1. Substantive Due Process Requirements

a) Just Causes for Termination

(1) Article 282, Labor Code of the Philippines

(a) Serious Misconduct
i) Norman Yabut vs. Manila Electric Company, et. al., G.R. No.
190436, 16 January 2012.
(b) Willful Disobedience
i) Kakampi and its members, Victor Panuelos, et. al., vs.
Kingspoint Express and Logistic, et. al., G.R. No. 194813, 25
April 2012
(c) Gross and Habitual Neglect of Duty
i) Cavite Apparel, Incorporated, et. al. vs. Michelle Marquez, G.R.
No. 172044, 6 February 2013.
ii) Century Iron Works, Inc., et. al. vs. Eleto B. Banas, G.R. No.
184116, 19 June 2013.
(d) Fraud or Wilful Breach By The Employee Of The Trust Reposed In
Him
i) Prudential Guarantee and Assurance Employee Labor Union
vs. National Labor Relations Commission, et. al., G.R. No.
185335, 13 June 2012
ii) Rexie A. Hormillosa vs. Coco-Cola Bottlers Phils. Inc., et. al.,
G.R. No. 198699, 9 October 2013 citing Tiu and/or Conti
Pawnshop v. National Labor Relations Commission, et. al., G.R.
No. 83433, 12 November 1992

b) Authorized Causes for Termination

(a) Redundancy and Installation of Labor Saving Devices

i) Article 283, Labor Code of the Philippines

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ii) Cases:
(1) Lenn Morales vs. Metropolitan Bank and Trust, G.R. No.
182475, 21 November 2012.
(2) Coats Manila Bay vs. Purita Ortega, G.R. 172628, 13
February 2009.
(3) Smart Communicaitons vs. Regina Astorga, G.R. 148132,
28 January 2008.
(4) Fe Sebuguero vs. National Labor Relations Commission,
G.R. 115394, 27 September 1995.
(5) General Milling vs. Violeta Viajar, G.R. No. 181738, 30
January 2013.
(6) Panlilio v NLRC, GR No. 117459, 17 October 1997
(7) Asian Alcohol Company v NLRC, GR No. 131108, 25 March
1999

(b) Retrenchment
i) Article 283, Labor Code of the Philippines
ii) Cases:
(1) Lambert Pawnbrokers vs. Helen Binamira, G.R. No. 170464,
12 July 2010
(2) San Miguel Corporation v NLRC, GR No. 107693, 23 July
1998.
(3) FASAP v PAL, 559 SCRA 252 (2008)
(4) FASAP v PAL, GR No. 178083 (2009)
(5) Lambert Pawnbrokers & Jewelry Corp. v Binamira GR No.
170464 (2010)
(6) Philippine Carpet Manufacturing Corporation, et al. v.
Ignacio B. Tagyamon, et al., G.R. No. 191475, Dec 11, 2013

(c) Closure
i) Articles 283, Labor Code of the Philippines
ii) Cases:
(1) Danzas Intercontinental vs.Henry Daguman, et al., G.R.
154368, 15 April 2005
(2) Eastridge Golf Club v Eastridge Labor Union – SUPER, 563
SCRA 93 (2008)
(3) JPL Marketing Promotions v CA, 463 SCRA 136 (2005)
(4) Sangwoo Philippines, Inc. v. Sangwoo Philippines, Inc.
Employees Union-OLALIA, G.R. No. 173154./G.R. No.
173229, December 9, 2013

(d) Disease
i) Articles 284, Labor Code of the Philippines
ii) Case
(1) Cebu Royal vs. Minister of Labor, G.R 58639, 12 August
1987
(2) Crayons Processing v Pula, GR No. 167727 (2007)
(3) Wuerth Philippines Inc. v Rodante Ynson GR No. 175932
(2012)
(4) Eleazar S. Padillo vs. Rural Bank of Nabunturan, Inc., et al.
G.R. No. 199338. January 21, 2013
(5) Fuji Television Network Inc. v Espiritu, G.R. No. 204944-45,
December 03, 2014

2. Procedural Due Process Requirements

a) Article 292 (277), Labor Code of the Philippines

b) DOLE Department Order No. 147, series of 2015
c) Cases:
(1) Nacague v Suplicio Lines Inc GR No. 172589 (2010)

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(2) Baron v NLRC GR No. 182299 (2010)

(3) Mantle Trading Services Inc. v NLRC GR No. 166705 (2009)
(4) Agabon v NLRC, 442 SCRA 573 (2004)
(5) Jaka Food Processing Corp. v Pacot, G.R. No. 151378 (2005)
(6) Serrano v NLRC 323 SCRA 445 (2000)
(7) Salaw v NLRC 202 SCRA 7 (1991)
(8) King of Kings Transport v Mamac, GR No. 166208 (2007)
(9) Magro Placement v Hernandez GR No. 156964 (2007)
(10)Erector Advertising Sign Inc v Cloma, GR No. 167218 (2010)
(11)Perez v Philippine Telegraph and Telephone Co, GR no. 152048
(2008)
(12)Technol Eight Phil. Corp. v NLRC GR No. 187605 (2010)
(13)Seastar Marine Services Inc v Bul-an 444 SCRA 140 (2004)
(14)ABD Overseas v NLRC 286 SCRA 454 (1998)
(15)Macasero v Southern Industrial Gases Phil, GR No. 178524 (2009)
(16)Philippine Rural Reconstruction Movement v Pulgar GR No. 169227
(2010)
(17)Kulas Ideas & Creations v Alcoseba GR No. 180123 (2010)
(18)Abosta Shipmanagement Corp. v NLRC GR No. 163252 (2011)
(19)Jarl Construction and Armando K. Tejada vs. Simeon A. Atencio. G.R.
No. 175969, August 1, 2012
(20)Unilever Philippines Inc., v. Maria Ruby M. Rivera, G.R. No. 201701,
June 03, 2013

3. Relief and Remedies

(1) Reinstatement
(a) Article 229 (223) and Article 294 (279), Labor Code of the
Philippines
i) Lopez v NLRC 297 SCRA 508
ii) Asian Terminals v Villanueva GR No. 143219 (2006)
iii) Composite Enterprises v Caparoso GR No. 159919 (2007)
iv) Johnson & Johnson v Johnson Office and Sales Union GR No.
172799 (2007)
v) Retuya v Dumarpa 408 SCRA 315 (2003)
vi) Union of Supervisors v Secretary of Labor, 128 SCRA 442
(1984)
vii) Divine Word High School v NLRC 143 SCRA 346 (1986)
viii) Espejo v NLRC 255 SCRA 430 (1996)
ix) Wensha Spa Center Inc v Yung GR No. 185122 (2010)
x) DUP Sound Phils. v CA GR No. 168317 (2011)
xi) Ranara v NLRC 212 SCRA 631 (1992)
xii) Garcia v PAL GR No. 164856 (2009)
xiii) Magana v Medicard Phil. Inc GR No. 174833 (2010)
xiv) College of Immaculate Concepcion v NLRC GR No. 167563
(2010) viz 2011 NLRC Rules of Procedure, Rule XI Sec 14.
xv) Lansangan v Amkor Technology Phil. Inc GR No. 177026
(2009)

b) Backwages, Damages, Attorney’s Fees

(1) Cases:
(a) Aurora Land v NLRC 266 SCRA 48 (1997)
(b) St Michael’s Inst v Santos 371 SCRA 283 (2001)
(c) Asian Terminals Inc v NLRC GR No. 158458 (2007)
(d) Bustamante v NLRC 265 SCRA 1 (1996)
(e) Star Paper Corp v Espiritu GR No. 154006 (2006)
(f) Acesite Corp v NLRC 449 SCRA 360 (2005)
(g) Phil. Aeolus v. NLRC, 331 SCRA 237 (2000)
(h) Reyes v CA 409 SCRA 267 (2003)
(i) M+W Zander Phil Inc v Enriquez GR No. 169173 (2009)
(j) “J” Marketing corp v Taran GR No. 163924 (2009)

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(k) BPI v NLRC GR No 179801 (2010)

(l) Triad Security and Allied Services v Ortega 481 SCRA 591 (2006)
(m) Palteng v UCPB GR No. 172199 (2009)
(n) Business Day Information Systems and Services Inc v NLRC 221
SCRA 9 (1993)
(o) Songco v NLRC 183 SCRA 610 (1990)
(p) San Miguel Corp v Javate 205 SCRA 469 (1992)

c) Separation Pay
(1) Manila Water Company v. Carlito del Rosario G.R. No. 188747,
January 29, 2014

d) Financial Assistance
(1) SAMASAH-NUWHRAIN v Magsalin GR Nos 164939, 172303 (2011)
(2) Equitable PCI Bank v Dompor GR No. 163293, 163297 (2010)
(3) See also: PLDT v NLRC 164 SCRA 671 (1988); Paduata v MECO GR
no 170098 (2012)

e) Indemnity
(1) Agabon v NLRC, 442 SCRA 573 (2004)
(2) Serrano v NLRC 323 SCRA 445 (2000)

f) Liability of Corporate Officers

(1) AMA Computer College – East Rizal v Ignacio GR No. 178520 (2009)
(2) Alba v Yupangco GR No. 188233 (2010)

C. Retirement
1. R.A. 7641 (the “Retirement Pay Law”)
2. Article 287 of the Labor Code, as amended by R.A. 7641
a) Intercontinental Broadcasting Corporation v Amarilla GR No. 162775
(2006)
b) Jaculbe v Silliman University GR No. 156934 (2007)
c) Reyes v NLRC GR No. 160233 (2007)
d) Universal Robina Sugar Milling Corp v Caballeda 560 SCRA 115 (2008)
e) Enriquez Security Services v Cabotaje GR No. 147993 (2006)
f) Ozales v Unilab 559 SCRA 26 (2008)
g) Gerlach v Reuters Ltd Phil. 448 SCRA 535 (2005)
h) Sta Catalina v NLRC 416 SCRA 233 (2003)
i) PAL v Airlines Pilots’ Association 373 SCRA 302 (2002)
j) Ariola v Philex Mining Corp 466 SCRA 152 (2005)
k) Equitable PCI Bank v Caguia 466 SCRA 686 (2005)
l) Sy v Metrobank Bank & Trust Company GR No. 160618 (2006)
m) PLDT v Reus 557 SCRA 379 (2008)
n) Rivera v Unilab GR No. 155639 (2009)
o) Korean Air Co Ltd. V Yuson GR No. 170369 (2010)
p) Bibiano C. Elegir vs. Philippine Airlines, Inc. G.R. No. 181995, July 16,
2012

D. Quitclaims and Waivers

1. Cases
a) Intel vs. National Labor Relations Commission, G.R. No. 200575, 5
February 2014.
b) JMM Promotions and Management vs. Court of Appeals, G.R. No.
139401, 2 October 2002
c) Philippine Carpet vs. Ignacio Tagyamon, G.R. No. 191475, 11 December
2013.

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