Prime Kpi Catalogue 1 0 0 PDF
Prime Kpi Catalogue 1 0 0 PDF
Prime Kpi Catalogue 1 0 0 PDF
Final Draft
Version 1.0
15th November 2016
1
Contents
1. Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 3
2. Background .................................................................................................................... 3
3. PRIME KPI system ......................................................................................................... 4
4. Performance Indicators ................................................................................................... 8
Safety & Environment ..................................................................................................... 8
Performance ................................................................................................................. 11
Delivery ........................................................................................................................ 13
Financial ....................................................................................................................... 15
Growth .......................................................................................................................... 18
Context ......................................................................................................................... 20
Appendix 1: Glossary of terms ............................................................................................. 21
Appendix 2: Causes for delays and cancelled services ........................................................ 45
Appendix 3: Charges for using the infrastructure and related services ................................. 46
PRIME KPI Catalogue v 1.0
2
1. Introduction
This Catalogue contains a clear and concise documentation of the PRIME (Platform of Rail
Infrastructure Managers in Europe) key performance indicators (KPIs) and their definitions,
set out in a structured and prioritised way following the concept of the balanced scorecard.
The KPIs have been developed over a two year period, in a consultative manner with all of
the participant Infrastructure Managers and tested in 3 pilot exercises.
The KPIs set out in this, version 1.0 of the KPI Catalogue are those agreed by the PRIME
KPI Sub Group on 9th November 2016. These KPIs will be fixed for use in the initial
Dashboard tool, but it is expected that they will be developed further and improved on a
regular basis in the future.
2. Background
PRIME is a forum which enables benchmarking and exchange of best practice between
railway infrastructure managers. It serves as an "early warning mechanism" for infrastructure
managers to alert the European Commission on the main challenges and advise the
Commission on both operational and regulatory activities. The work of PRIME should also
lead towards a better mutual understanding between Infrastructure Managers (IMs) and the
Commission, as well as better services to the customers of IMs and a better functioning
European network.
Mission
According to the PRIME Declaration of Intent, IMs should seek to grow cooperation to help
facilitate the delivery of safe, sustainable, high performing, and value generating rail transport
across Europe. KPIs are identified as a tool to achieve this, along with subsequent
benchmarking and exchange of best practices.
The added value for using common KPIs and performance benchmarking is;
An additional important outcome of the PRIME KPI work is a good quality, comparable and
easily accessible, cross-sector, dataset.
3
Objectives
The ultimate objective of developing KPIs and benchmarking practices is to enhance the
performance and business development of IMs. The developed KPIs will support the IMs in:
The KPIs that are suggested should be beneficial for both the IMs and the industry at large.
Some further guidelines for the work has been to:
Focus on business development for the IMs.
Keep it simple.
Clear definitions.
Avoid duplications of existing work and reuse.
It was essential in developing the indicators to be absolutely clear about their purpose: in the
case of PRIME, the ultimate objective of the project to develop KPIs and benchmarking
practices is to enhance the performance and business development of each IM1. The PRIME
KPI system will support this overall objective by addressing all aspects of an IM’s business,
with a comprehensive but balanced set of performance dimensions.
The choice of KPIs reflects the needs and key decisions to be made by each individual IM.
Many of the key decisions, for example around maintenance strategy or operational
efficiencies, will be common to most if not all IMs. Therefore the KPI system, in reflecting all
parts of an IM’s operations and wider business, addresses the key decision making areas for
an IM. The value of the KPI system is in providing each IM with a structured set of indicators
which allows each of them to understand its business and its performance in relation to the
other IMs.
Each of the IMs has its own priorities and the importance of different decisions will vary
within the group. All IMs also have their own set of management metrics and performance
indicators, used to manage their own business. The common set of indicators which has
been developed by the PRIME sub-group, whilst almost certainly overlapping considerably
with each IM’s own set of management metrics, provides a common set of indicators and
definitions, which allows good, clear and robust comparisons between IMs and enables
benchmarking if desired.
1
J. Pettersson, General Presentation RU Dialogue PRIME - KPIs and benchmarking, Vienna, June
2016
4
Whilst different performance indicators have varying priority for the different IMs, there is a
core of indicators - Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) - which are of common interest and
value to all IMs. It is also beneficial to the process of benchmarking to define a common set
of core indicators which can be used consistently and on an ongoing basis for robust
comparisons between the IMs. A wider set of indicators can be used for their own purposes
by individual IMs, as they require. To achieve this, the PRIME performance indicator
framework is tiered into a hierarchy which includes a relatively small set of KPIs distributed
into a primary ‘High Level Industry’ Dashboard and a secondary ‘Benchmarking’ Dashboard,
as well as a wider set of other Performance Indicators (PIs) and other supporting data. This
is illustrated in Figure 1 below.
Data collected by IMs will be used to support all four levels of the hierarchy, but it will be
clustered and presented in different ways. The ‘High Level Industry’ KPIs provide a small set
of high level KPIs for use by the High Level Industry team of each IM. A wider set of KPIs,
covering all aspects of the IM’s business, is available for use by the benchmarking teams in
each IM. Both of these groupings of KPIs are presented in the PRIME dashboard tool, which
is available online and will be updated on an annual basis. The full set of performance
indicators, supporting indicators and data is available for use by active participants in the
PRIME benchmarking activities in the form of simple reports.
Dashboard structure
In order to be effective and useful to the management of the IMs, the indicators, in particular
the KPIs included in the two dashboards, are aligned as far as possible with the decision
making processes of the IMs. This requires that they are aligned not with the organisational
structure of the IMs but with the key strategic decisions that an IM is likely to have to make.
The PRIME dashboards have been developed with a common structure, for use as a
benchmark tool between IMs, but it it is envisaged and hoped that individual IMs will develop
linkages between the common PRIME dashboards and their own management KPIs and
management scorecards.
5
Typically a management performance scorecard reflects the high level objectives of the
organisation, along the line of which success or failure is defined. Very often for a private
sector organisation, this aligns with long or short term shareholder value. For a railway
infrastructure manager this definition of ‘success’ has a much broader and more complex
definition.
The KPI structure defined for the PRIME project is based on the well-known Balanced
Scorecard, developed by the American academics Robert Kaplan and David Norton, and
published in the Harvard Business Review in 19922. This concept has been developed
further over the years in different sectors, and additional dimensions have been added and
amended to reflect the needs and priorities of different sectors and different organisations.
The PRIME KPI structure, which reflects the needs and priorities of a railway IM has five
dimensions, as illustrated in Figure 1 below. These five dimensions reflect the activities and
outputs of a railway IM, and the needs and demands of its stakeholders and customers.
Safety & Environment – the management and delivery of safety, security and
environmental behaviours and standards.
Performance – the performance of the IM’s assets and network and resulting impact on
operators and customers.
Delivery – the effectiveness of the IM’s internal processes and management of the IMs
assets and provision of a fit for purpose network, including the delivery of contractors and
suppliers.
Financial – the financial performance of the IM, including its cost effectiveness and
revenues, including track access charges.
Growth – the level of use of the existing network, network improvement and expansion,
integration with other transport modes and use of technology to improve delivery.
2
R.S. Kaplan and D.P. Norton, The Balanced Scorecard: Measures that Drive Performance, Harvard
Business Review. 1992
6
In addition to the five scorecard dimensions, a small number of indicators have been
included to provided context to the other dimensions. ‘Context’ provides an overview of the
characteristics of each IM and background on the size, relative significance and the market
for railway services in each country. This provides useful background to understand the
structural differences between the railways, particularly when interpreting other KPIs.
The KPI structure is aligned specifically to these dimensions, as these are dimensions which
reflect management objectives and decision making, rather than reflecting specific functions
or capabilities. For example, the scorecard could have focused on dimensions such as
customer, staff, stakeholders, however good management does not focus directly on these
parties, but rather on how it delivers to each of these parties. Management focus on its
customers, reflects the customers’ needs and priorities, through safety and security,
availability, punctuality and performance and charges. Stakeholders needs are met through,
for example, safety and environment, performance and growth.
Within each of the scorecard dimensions there are a number of KPI categories which break
the dimensions down further into elements for which specific KPIs can be defined. These
categories are clearly aligned with those selected as most important to the members of the
PRIME group. The 13 categories are illustrated, aligned to the five scorecard dimensions, in
Figure 3 below.
It is essential to define clear, comprehensive, yet concise, objectives for each of the
scorecard dimensions, which have then been used to define specific KPIs for each of the
categories within each scorecard dimension. These objectives and the KPIs for each
category are set out and explained in detail in the following section of the KPI Catalogue.
Detailed definitions, further background data and information, and other specific information
is provided in the appendices to the Catalogue.
7
4. Performance Indicators
This section contains the complete set of PRIME performance indicators, clustered into the
13 KPI categories and structured around the five scorecard dimensions, together with the
objectives for each dimension.
The KPIs set out in this Catalogue reflect two years work by the participants to develop a
good, robust and commonly accepted set of indicators and definitions. Some KPIs have
already been collected and used in pilot exercises, others have been defined but have yet to
be tested. This version 1.0 of the Catalogue brings together all of these indicators, into the
common structure and provides a constant basis on which the initial comparator tool and
dashboards can be be developed. Future versions of the Catalogue will include
improvements and changes to the performance indictators and the defintions set out in this
version, as a result of further review, testing and use of actual data from the participant IMs.
The data for each of the performance indicators is being collected by the IMs on an annual
basis.
Understand and improve the ability of an IM to manage and operate its network and
users of its network in such a way as to maximise safety and security (ALARP) for its
customers, staff, its partners – operators, contractors and suppliers – and the general
public; and
Demonstrate the ability of an IM to manage its network in such a way as to minimise
short term and long term environmental impacts by itself and its staff, its operators,
suppliers and customers.
The Safety & Environment dimension contains three categories: Safety, Security and
Environment.
Safety
Safety is the primary focus of the management of a railway IM and a prerequisite in any
framework of management indicators. It is the most important and essential element in the
performance of an IM, and affects customers, stakeholders, the reputation of the IM, the
railway and society at large.
Safety should be considered with a holistic perspective, including as well as the fundamental
task of providing a stable, safe and secure network for the user and the IM’s staff, wider
aspects of safety such as suicide prevention and minimising trespass events.
8
Nr Title Description Measurement unit Level
1 Significant accidents Relative number of significant accidents Number per million train- KPI (Benchmarking)
based of following types of accidents kilometres
(primary accidents)::
- Collision of train with rail vehicle
- Collision of train with obstacle within
the clearance gauge
- Derailment of train
- Level crossing accident, including
accident involving pedestrians at level
crossing
- Accident to persons involving rolling
stock in motion, with the exception of
suicides and attempted suicides
- Fire on rolling stock
- Other accident
2 Persons seriously Relative number of persons seriously Number per million train- KPI (High Level Industry)
injured and killed injured and killed by accidents based kilometres
upon following categories
- Passenger
- Employee or contractor
- Level crossing user
- Trespasser
- Other person at a platform
- Other person not at a platform
3 Suicides and Relative number of suicides and Number per million train- Additional performance
attempted suicides attempted suicides. kilometres indicator
3a. relative number of suicides Number per million train- Additional performance
kilometres indicator
3b. Relative number of attempted Number per million train- Additional performance
suicides. kilometres indicator
4 IM related precursors Relative number of the following types of Relative to million train- KPI (Benchmarking)
to accidents precursors: kilometres
- broken rail
- track buckle and track misalignment
- wrong-side signalling failure
5 Overall workforce Relative number of IMs employees, Number per thousand Additional performance
safety contracted consultants and contractors main track-km (IMs should indicator
killed and seriously injured while at work prepare to present per
at IMs premises. million worked hours in
the future)
6 Workforce safety on Relative number of IMs employees or Number per thousand Additional performance
track or trackside contractors killed and seriously injured in main track-km (IMs should indicator.
accidents while at work on track or prepare to present per
trackside million worked hours in
the future)
Security
The management of railway security includes activities for the protection of the railway, its
users and its staff through monitoring, prevention and preparation of responses to security
incidents carried out with malicious intent, which have the potential to harm customers and
staff, damage railway assets, or generally to impede and disrupt railway operations.
9
Nr Title Description Measurement unit Level
1. Delays caused by Number of delay minutes due to security Minutes per train km KPI (Benchmarking)
security incidents incidents per train km
2. Train cancellations Number of trains cancelled caused by % of scheduled trains KPI (Benchmarking)
caused by security security incidents per total trains
incidents scheduled to be operated
3. People killed or Number of people killed or seriously Number Additional performance
seriously injured due injured due to security incidents indicator
to security incidents
Environment
Monitoring the environmental impact of the IM focuses on two aspects: the influence of the
IM in affecting and improving the environmental impact of the whole integrated railway (e.g.
through electrification) and the direct environmental impact of the IM’s own activities.
Railways are one of the most environmentally-friendly modes of passenger and freight
transport, and the KPIs recognise the opportunity for railways to effect modal shift from more
polluting transport modes. They also take account of the environment impact of an IM’s
activities, including aspects such as use of electric rolling stock, habitat alteration and
fragmentation, emissions to air, wastewater, noise, waste, diesel exhaust emissions,
materials, recycling, etc.
6 Noise limits Number of not awarded trainpath Number of refusals per Additional performance
request due to noise divided by total total number of requested indicator
number of requested trainpath’s. trainpaths
7 Noise measurements Length of noise barriers per line-km % of main line-km Additional performance
- noise barries indicator
8 Noise measurements Length of track equipped with Rail % of main track-km Additional performance
- absorbers adsorbers per total track-km indicator
10
Performance
The performance dimension describes the performance of the IMs’ assets and network and
the resulting impact on operators and customers. This dimension is used to analyse the
performance of the IM network in relation to other IMs.
The objectives of the Performance dimension are to:
Punctuality
Train punctuality is the primary measure of overall railway performance and a key measure
of quality of service, driven not only by the IM but also operators and customers. The
requirements for punctuality differs between IMs, high-speed routes, core network, customer
groups, passenger/freight etc. It is essential to understand both the overall performance of
the system through punctuality, as well as the IM’s impact on and responsibility for
punctuality.
2 Passenger trains Number of passenger trains which arrive % of the number of trains KPI (High Level Industry)
punctuality. at strategic measuring points with less
than 5 minutes delay compared to all
passenger trains.
3 Freight trains Number of freight trains which arrive at % of the number of trains KPI (High Level Industry)
punctuality. strategic measuring points with less than
15 minutes delay compared to all freight
trains.
11
4 Minutes of delays 4a1 Cumulative delay minutes caused Minutes per train Additional performance
caused by the by incidents that are regarded as IMs indicator
infrastructure responsibility according to UIC leaflet
manager 450-R per train.
4a2 Cumulative delay minutes caused Minutes per train km KPI (Benchmarking)
by incidents that are regarded as IMs
responsibility according to UIC leaflet
450-R per train km.
4b1 Cumulative delay minutes caused Minutes per train Additional performance
by weather incidents which has led to indicator
disruptions in the railway infrastructure
per train.
4b2 Cumulative delay minutes caused Minutes per train km Additional performance
by weather incidents which has led to indicator
disruptions in the railway infrastructure
per train km.
5 Percentage of train Cancellations of passenger trains that %of scheduled KPI (Benchmarking)
cancellations caused are included in the last Time Table passenger trains that
by the infrastructure issued the day before the service (or the have been cancelled
manager. Time Table that is valid when the train
service takes place) and are caused by
incidents for which the infrastructure
manager has the responsibility. All sorts
of cancelled trains are to be included.
Robustness
Robustness of the infrastructure is defined within the PRIME KPI system as the
consequence of failures caused by IMs. As well as managing its assets in such a way as to
minimise the effect of failures on the railway, these indicators also measure the effectiveness
and timeliness of the IM in responding to these failures, and returning the network to normal
function.
12
1.f Average delay Failure according to UIC CODE 450- Minutes per number of KPI (Benchmarking)
minutes per other 2, number 28 & 29. Failures according failures
failures to the managing and planning of staff
and other failures
2 Average delay Average delay minutes per failures Minutes per number of Additional performance
minutes due to according to UIC CODE 450-2. failures indicator
weather events Failures according to the managing
and planning of staff and other
failures.
Delivery
The Delivery dimension describes the effectiveness of the IM’s internal processes and
management of the IMs assets and provision of a fit for purpose network. It takes into
account the delivery of contractors and suppliers.
The intention of the Delivery dimension is to provide an understanding of how well the IM
manages its assets, delivers its network and handles the demand for train-paths, and to
identify opportunities for improvement. The objectives are to understand and support
improvements in the ability of the IM to:
Deliver an available, operable and fully functional network, to the required level of
capacity;
Carry out its asset management functions effectively and in a timely manner; and
Maintain and improve asset condition in line with its strategy.
Capacity
The Capacity category measures the overall constraints on capacity of the IM’s network. It
includes the impact on capacity from the condition of the IM’s infrastructure and the impact of
activities undertaken to maintain or improve overall condition.
The capacity of the network depends on many different factors and can be described from
different perspectives. These KPIs reflect the ability of the railway system to handle the
demand for train paths from the RUs, as well as impact of the IMs’ current and historical
activities, including the impact of engineering possessions and speed restrictions.
Nr Title Description Measurement unit Prioiriity
1. Proportion of total Part of capacity dedicated to IMs Annual average of total KPI (High Level Industry)
annual track-km used activities, including maintenance, main track-km used for
for IMs activities enhancement and renewals on main IM’s activities per total
[planned possessions] tracks. Planned work in the yearly main track-km on an
time table. annual basis
2. Proportion of total Total possession-km utilized relative Annual average of total KPI (Benchmarking)
annual track km to planned possession-km. main track-km used for
planned for IM IM’s activities per total
possessions used for main track-km planned
possession time for IM’s activities on an
[possessions utilized] annual basis
3.1 Time loss due to – Time loss due to permanent speed Minutes per thousand Additional performance
permanent speed restrictions related to the original main track – km indicator
restrictions function of the infrastructure, included
in the yearly timetable.
13
3.2 Time loss due to – Time loss due to temporary speed Minutes per thousand Additional performance
temporary speed restrictions of the infrastructure not main track - km indicator
restrictions included in the yearly timetable.
4.1 Congested tracks Length of main tracks of congested Main track-km Additional performance
infrastructure according to Article indicator
47(1) of Directive 2012/34/EU ( in
respect of the situation at the end of
the reporting period)
(RMMS)
4.2 Congested nodes Number of nodes of congested Number of nodes Additional performance
infrastructure according to Article indicator
47(1) of Directive 2012/34/EU (in
respect of the situation at the end of
the reporting period).
(RMMS)
5 Rejected path Number of rejected path allocation % Additional performance
allocations requests during the year compared to indicator
total number of path allocation
requests. Both scheduled and ad hoc
requests for passenger and freight
train paths should be summarised
(RMMS)
Condition
The measurement of asset condition is complex, and not always straight forward for a single
IM, nevermind as a comparative metric for use in benchmarking. Therefore the PRIME
condition category describes the condition of the asset primarily in terms of how well it
functions (i.e. number of failures) and in terms of the impact of condition of the assets on the
expected delivery of the network, in terms of temporary and permanent speed restrictions.
The KPIs for condition are based on earlier work from UIC and EIM. KPIs are reused from
working groups within EIM with minor adjustments, and the UIC Code 450- 2 is used to
define the type of failures used for each KPI.
14
2.d Track failures per Failure according to UIC CODE 450- Number of Track failures KPI (Benchmarking)
thousand track km 2, number 24. Including failures due per thousand track km.
to rail breakage, lateral distortion and
other track failures.
2. e Structure failures per Failure according to UIC CODE 450- Number of structure KPI (Benchmarking)
thousand track km 2, number 25. Including failures at failures per thousand
bridges and tunnels. track km.
2.f Other infrastructure Failure according to UIC CODE 450- Number of other failures KPI (Benchmarking)
failures per thousand 2, number 28 & 29. Failures per thousand track km.
track km according to the managing and
planning of staff and other failures.
3 Tracks with The length (km) of tracks with % of main track-km KPI (High Level Industry)
permanent speed permanent speed restriction related
restrictions to total main track km.
4 Tracks with temporary The length (km) of tracks with % of main track-km KPI (Benchmarking)
speed restrictions temporary speed restriction weighted
by the numbers of days of the
restrictions, related to the total main
track km.
Financial
The Financial dimension covers all elements related to all expenditures and financial income
of IM, including track access charges. It is intended to provide understanding of the structure
and the level of costs and revenues of IM in relation to other IMs.
The objectives of the Financial dimensions are to:
The Financial dimension contains three categories: Costs, Revenues and Charging.
Costs
The Costs category includes all the costs incurred by the IM, broken down into useful and
comparable sub-categories. It includes all Operating, Capital and Investment costs. For
purposes of comparison, costs will be adjusted where appropriate to reflect local costs using
purchasing power parities (PPPs). The costs incurred by an IM will be dependent on a
number of factors: some within and some outside the management responsibility of the IM.
The background information collected by the PRIME project and set out in Appendix 4 are
very useful in interpreting the financial data.
Nr Title Description Measurement unit Level
1 1a. OPEX – Sum of total operational expenditures Euro per main track km KPI (High Level Industry)
operational per track km.
expenditures relative
to network size
1b. OPEX – Total operational expenditures per train Euro per train km Additional performance
operational km. indicator
expenditure relative to
traffic volume
15
2 2a. Maintenance Total maintenance expenditures per Euro per main track-km KPI (Benchmarking)
expenditure relative to track km.
network size
2b. Maintenance Total maintenance expenditures per Euro per train km Additional performance
expenditure relative to train km. indicator
traffic volume
3 3a. Traffic Sum of IMs traffic management Euro per main track-km KPI (Benchmarking)
management expenditures per main track km.
expenditure relative to
network size
3b. Traffic Sum of IMs traffic management Euro per train km Additional performance
management expenditures per train km. indicator
expenditure relative to
traffic volume
4 4a. CAPEX – capital Sum of IMs capital expenditures per Euro per main track km KPI (High Level Industry)
expenditures relative main track km
to network size
4b. CAPEX – capital Total capital expenditures per train km Euro per train km Additional performance
expenditure relative to indicator
traffic volume
5 5a. Renewal Total renewal expenditures per main Euro per main track km KPI (Benchmarking)
track km
5b. Renewal Total renewal expenditures per train km Euro per train km Additional performance
expenditures relative indicator
to traffic volume
6 6a. Investments in Total investments in new lines per main Euro per main track km Additional performance
new lines relative to track km indicator
network size
6b. Investments in Total investments in new lines per train- Euro per train km Additional performance
new lines relative to km indicator
traffic volume
7 Direct costs relative to Total direct costs per train km Euro per train km Additional performance
traffic volume indicator
8 Share of direct costs OPEX included in the calculations of % of Euro Additional performance
in total OPEX direct costs in the meaning of regulation indicator
(EU)2015/909 related to total OPEX
9 Direct costs (CAPEX) CAPEX included in the calculations of % of Euro Additional performance
per total CAPEX direct costs in the meaning of regulation indicator
(EU)2015/909 related to total CAPEX
10 Renewals financed Percentage of renewal expenditures % of Euro Additional performance
with Grants financed with grants indicator
11 Enhancements Percentage of enhancement % of Euro Additional performance
financed with Grants expenditures financed with grants indicator
12 Investment in new Percentage investment in new lines % of Euro Additional performance
lines financed with financed with grants indicator
grants
13 Proportion of Renewal expenditures related to the % of Euro Additional performance
renewals in total sum of renewal and maintenance indicator
renewals and expenditures
maintenance
expenditure
14 Proportion of Enhancement expenditures related to % of Euro Additional performance
enhancements and total expenditures indicator
investments in new
lines in total
expenditures
16
Revenues
The Revenue category provides a summary of the total non-track access revenue ‘earned’
by an IM, excluding subsidies and property development. Together with the Costs KPIs, it
provides an indication of to what extent an IM is capable of covering its costs, and to what
extent it relies on subsidy.
Charging
The category Charging measures and compares that element of an IM’s revenue that comes
from charges from operators using its network and service facilities. To achieve meaningful
comparability, the indicators for charging have been simplified and PRIME is using
fundamental KPIs that all IMs find common and easy to collect.
Further details are provided in Appendix 3.
2 TAC revenue in Total TAC per train-km Euro per total train-km Additional performance
relation to traffic (Sum of 2a and 2b) indicator
volume 2a. Freight TAC per freight train-km Euro per total freight Additional performance
train-km indicator
2b. Passenger TAC per passenger Euro per passenger train- Additional performance
train-km km indicator
(Sum of 2b1 and 2b2)
2b1. Passenger conventional Euro per conventional Additional performance
train TAC compared to total train-km indicator
conventional train-km
2b2. Passenger High speed Euro per total high speed Additional performance
trainTAC compared to total high rain-km indicator
speed train-km
3 TAC revenue in Total TAC compared to total track-km Euro per main track-km KPI (High Level Industry)
relation to network (Sum of 3a and 3b)
size
3a. Passenger conventional train Euro per conventional Additional performance
TAC compared to total conventional track-km indicator
track-km
3b. Total High speed track TAC Euro per total high speed Additional performance
compared to total high speed track- main track-km indicator
km
4 Proportion of station Total charges for stations compared to Total station charges as a Additional performance
charges total revenue proportion of total revenue indicator
5 Income from incentive Income from incentive regimes per track- Euro per main track-km KPI (Benchmarking)
regimes in relation to km
network size
17
Growth
The dimension Growth describes the level of use of the existing network, network expansion,
integration with other transport modes and use of technology such as ERTMS to improve
delivery.
Utilisation
Utilisation is an essential measure of the performance of an IM. One of the most important
objectives for an IM is to use its infrastructure as effectively as possible. This measure also
distinguishes between passenger and freight traffic. Utilisation has a major impact on the
ability of an IM to cover its costs and the utilisation of the infrastructure will also affect the
future performance (other KPIs) of the infrastructure, e.g. overall condition.
5 Degree of utilisation Double track line: track km with traffic Track km with traffic Supporting indicator
volumes >= 200 trains per day (average) volumes >= 200 trains a
day
per total double track km
6 Degree of utilisation Single track line: track km with traffic Track km with traffic Supporting indicator
volumes >= 70 trains per day (average) volumes >= 70 trains a
day per total single track
km
Asset Capability
Asset capability describes the functionality of the IM’s railway network. It provides the
overview of the capability of the network and specifically the extent to which the network
meets the TEN-T requirements. The asset capability describes the IM’s part of the
interoperability of the European railway network, although it is recognised that achievement
of interoperability requires capability and functionality from the railway operators as well.
Indicators relating to ERTMS are described below.
18
ERTMS
ERTMS and the deployment of ERTMS is a complex but major topic for the rail sector. While
deployment of ERTMS is costly, it is also often not solely to the responsibility of IMs to choose to
deploy ERTMS on their networks. However, ERTMS is crucial for IMs in many ways and may
influence some of the core functions of IMs.The potential benefits of ERTMS deployment are
significant, including increased safety, capacity, availability, and interoperability. As the KPIs are
developed, PRIME is keen to understand the potential benefits and the business case for the
deployment of ERTMS, as well as supporting the objective of delivering an interoperable cross-
border network.
Nr Title Description Measurement unit Level
1 ERTMS deployment Main tracks with ERTMS in operation in % of main track-km KPI (Benchmarking)
proportion to total main tracks
(measured in track-km).
2 Train-km with ERTMS Train-km run with ERTMS in operation % of train-km Supporting indicator
in operation compared to total train-km on main
tracks.
3 Planned extent of In 2020, the sum of main tracks planned % of main track-km Supporting indicator
ERTMS deployment to have been deployed with ERTMS
by 2020 compared to the totalIMs main track
4 Planned extent of In 2030, the sum of main tracks planned % of main track-km KPI (Benchmarking)
ERTMS deployment to have deployed with ERTMS
by 2030 compared to the total IMs main track
5 TEN-T core network- TEN-T core network lines with ERTMS % of main track-km Supporting indicator
lines with ERTMS in in operation in proportion to all TEN-core
operation network lines
6 Train-km with ERTMS Train-km on TEN-T core network lines % of train-km Supporting indicator
in operation on TEN- with ERTMS in operation compared to
T-lines core network total train-km on TEN-Tcore network
lines lines
7 Planned extent of In 2020, total TEN-T core network lines % of main track-km Supporting indicator
ERTMS deployment planned to have been deployed with
by 2020 on TEN-T ERTMS compared to the total IMs TEN-
core network lines. T core network lines,
8 Planned extent of In 2030, total TEN-T core network lines % of main track-km Supporting indicator
ERTMS deployment planned to have been deployed with
by 2030 on TEN-T ERTMS compared to the total IMs TEN-
core network lines. T core network lines,
9 Axle load Proportion of the TEN-T core network % of the TEN-t Core network- Additional performance
permitting at least 22.5 t axle load (INF). lines main track km that are indicator
compatible with TEN-T
requirements (INF)
10 Gauge Proportion of the TEN-T core network % of the TEN-t Core network- Additional performance
with nominal track gauge of 1435 mm lines main track km that are indicator
(INF). compatible with TEN-T
requirements (INF)
11 Line Speed Proportion of the TEN-T core network % of the TEN-t Core Network- Additional performance
permitting 100 km/h line speed (INF). lines main track km that are indicator
compatible with TEN-T
requirements (INF)
12 Train length Proportion of the TEN-T core network % of the TEN-t Core network- Additional performance
permitting 740 m train length (INF). lines main track km that are indicator
compatible with TEN-T
requirements (INF)
13 Electrification Proportion of the fully electrified TEN-T % of the TEN-t Core network- Additional performance
core network, suupported with electrified lines main track km that are indicator
sidings necessary for electric train compatible with TEN-T
operations (INF). requirements (INF)
19
Intermodality
A highly functional inter modality between different transport modes can bring traffic and business
to the rail network. Since trains rarely offer a door-to-door solution, and rather is a part of the
mobility chain, connections between modes become essential for the customers. Inter modality
promotes efficiency for both freight and passenger traffic. Inter modality also increases the number
of potential customers for rail. For the purposes of PRIME, intermodality also includes a measure
of those stations which have access for those who are mobility impaired.
Context
This additional category provides an overview of the characteristics and configuration of each IM.
This enables an understanding of the size and relative significance of the railway in each country
and the market for railway services, which provides valuable background information and relevant
context when reviewing and assessing other KPIs and additional performance indicators.
20
Appendix 1: Glossary of terms
Background information is consisting of various data within the areas charging, organisation,
human resources, asset information, railway market, country characteristics, policies and plans
(appendix 4). Part of background is also finance (appendix 5). Background information is together
with the KPIs a tool to make good analysis and making the right conclusions.
5 minutes, 15 minutes Rounding rule: Round down until 29, round UIC CODE, 450 – 2,
up from 30, 4:30 is considered as 5, 14:30 is OR, 5th edition,
considered as 15. June 2009, 4.1 –
Rounding rules
number 2.
Accessible station A station which has ‘step free’ access from PRIME KPI Under review
the entrance of the station to the edge of the subgroup
platform, enabling access by mobility
impaired passengers (e.g. wheel chairs and
children in prams or buggies). It does not
include whether there is step-free access
from the platform to the train as this is an
interface issue and not solely the
responsibility of the IM.
Accident to persons Accidents to one or more persons who are Commission Link
involving rolling stock either hit by a railway vehicle or by an object Directive
in motion attached to, or that has become detached 2014/88/EU (CSIs),
from, the vehicle, this includes persons who Appendix 1.9
fall from railway vehicles as well as persons
who fall or are hit by loose objects when
travelling on board vehicles
21
Name Description Source Remarks
22
Name Description Source Remarks
Cancelled train If a planned service is not running (i.e. train UIC CODE, 450 – 2, Under review
cancelled in the operations phase). The OR, 5th edition,
codes described in UIC CODE, 450 – 2, OR, June 2009, 6 –
5th edition, June 2009, Appendix A page 9 Cancelled services,
should be used to describe the cause of combined with
cancellation on the whole or just a part of the adopting the types
route. of cancellations
described by
Cancelled trains can be split into four types. Network Rail.
These are:
Cancelled train causes See delay causes in appendix xx UIC CODE, 450 – 2,
OR, 5th edition,
June 2009, 5 –
Causes for delays
and cancelled
services.
23
Name Description Source Remarks
Collision of train with A front to front, front to end or a side collision Commission
rail vehicle between a part of a train and a part of Directive
another train or rail vehicle, or with shunting 2014/88/EU (CSIs),
rolling stock. Appendix 1.5
24
Name Description Source Remarks
Delay causes Delay causes should include both primarily UIC CODE, 450 – 2,
causes and secondarily causes, Primarily OR, 5th edition,
and secondarily causes are described in the June 2009, 5 –
referred source part Appendix A. Causes for delays
and cancelled
Causes for cancelled trains are the same as services.
for delays.
25
Name Description Source Remarks
Direct Cost in the Direct cost in this context means “the cost PRIME KPI
meaning of regulation that is directly incurred as a result of subgroup on the
(EU)2015/909 operating the train service” and which is basis of
used for setting charges for the minimum Implementing
access package and for access to Regulation (EU)
infrastructure connecting service facilities. 2015/909
The modalities for the calculation of the cost
that is directly incurred as a result of
operating the train are set out in Commission
Implementing Regulation (EU) 2015/909 and
can in principle be established on the basis
of:
26
Name Description Source Remarks
27
Name Description Source Remarks
28
Name Description Source Remarks
Freight train Freight (good) train: train for the carriage of Glossary for
goods composed of one or more wagons Transport Statistics,
and, possibly, vans moving either empty or A.IV-06
under load,
Freight train-km (m Unit of measure representing the movement LICB Web Glossary,
train-km) of all freight trains taking into account their p.19
journey length. From an IM’s point of view it
is important to include all freight train
movements as they all influence the
deterioration of the rail infrastructure assets.
Empty freight train movements are therefore
included in the number of freight train
movements.
Gross tonnage Gross tonnage is the weight of the train, Glossary for
including the load, the locomotive and the Transport Statistics,
tare weight of the wagons, in commercial A.IV-13
traffic. The weight of service trains, shunting
movements, passenger and baggage weight
are not included.
29
Name Description Source Remarks
High speed track Track (line) whole or part of line, approved Directive
for Vmax ≥ 250 km/h 2008/57/EC
(Interoperability),
— specially built high-speed lines equipped Art.2.1
for speeds generally equal to or greater than
250 km/h,
30
Name Description Source Remarks
Industry costs Industry costs are fees, charges that are that The definition is Under review
are to be paid to the regulator and other developed by the
authorities within the industry. secretariat in order
to be in line with the
Synonyms for industry are line of business, example from
branch. Network Rail.
Approved by Tim
Example from Network Rail: Chapter 6 of
Bellamy the 9th of
ORR’s Final Determination of Network Rail’s
February.
outputs and funding for 2014-19 provides a
definition of Industry Costs as comprising:
Infrastructure Manager Any enterprise or transport operator Glossary for Under review
(IM) responsible in particular for establishing of Transport Statistics.
maintaining railway infrastructure, as well as A.III-03 UIC
for operating the control and safety system.
Directive
An infrastructure manager can delegate to 2012/34/EU (SERA),
another enterprise the following tasks: Art.3(2)
maintaining railway infrastructure and
operating the control and safety system.
31
Name Description Source Remarks
Infrastructure Table, column 1-, 2-, 3- (Operational and UIC CODE, 450 – 2,
Managers planning management, Infrastructure OR, 5th edition,
responsibility for delay installations, Civil Engineering causes). Plus: June 2009,
minutes Delay minutes caused by weather incidents Appendix A
that have affected the railway infrastructure.
32
Name Description Source Remarks
Commission
Directive
2014/88/EU (CSIs),
Appendix 1.18
Level crossing Any level intersection between a road or Glossary for Under review
passage and a railway, as recognised by the Transport Statistics,
infrastructure manager and open to public or A.VII-13
private users. Passages between platforms
within stations are excluded, as well as Commission
passages over tracks for the sole use of Directive
employees. 2014/88/EU (CSIs),
Appendix 6.3
Level crossing user Any person using a level crossing to cross Commission
the railway line by any means of transport or Directive
by foot; 2014/88/EU (CSIs),
Appendix 1.14
33
Name Description Source Remarks
EU institutions IATE
database
(information at:
http://late.europa.eu/
iatediff/about_IATE.
html).
Length of main track Main running tracks providing end-to-end LICB Web Glossary,
(main track km) line continuity and used for working regular p.16
trains between stations or places indicated in
the tariffs as independent points of departure
or arrival for the conveyance of passengers
or freight. All track kilometres branching off
from main running tracks in stations (second
track at stations on single track lines,
passing tracks, etc.) used for working regular
trains. The length is measured in the middle
of the track, from centre to centre of the
station buildings; if there is a junction in open
track, the length is counted up to the end of
the junction point (switch). Double track is
counted twice; triple tracks are counted three
times as much etc. Main track kilometres are
only counted when in a (by the respective
IM) maintained working order.
Length of electrified Main running tracks provided with an LICB Web Glossary,
main track (main track overhead catenary or with conductor rail (3rd p.16
km) rail) to permit electric traction.
34
Name Description Source Remarks
35
Name Description Source Remarks
Other accident Any accident other than a collision of train Commission Example: Accidents
with rail vehicle, collision of train with Directive caused by rocks,
obstacle within the clearance gauge, 2014/88/EU (CSIs), landslides, trees,
derailment of train, level crossing accident, Appendix 1.11 lost parts of railway
an accident to person involving rolling stock vehicles, lost or
in motion or a fire in rolling stock. displaced loads,
vehicles and
machines or
equipment for track
maintenance
Other IM capital IM capital expenditures that are not included PRIME KPI
expenditures in the other parts. subgroup
Other funding Funding’s that aren not included in any of PRIME KPI
the other parts. subgroup
Other operating All operating cost accounted for in the PRIME KPI
expenditures annual profit and loss statement that are not subgroup
maintenance cost, traffic management cost
or traction electricity cost.
Other person at a Any person at a railway platform who is not Commission Examples: Person
platform defined as “passenger”, “employee or Directive standing on a
contractor”, “level crossing user”, “other 2014/88/EU (CSIs), platform: Struck by
person not at a platform” or “trespasser” Appendix 1.16 an open train door
or other out of
gauge item, Struck
by an item fallen
from a train,
infringing the normal
kinematic envelope
of a train and struck
by the train; Person
who falls from a
platform and is
struck by a train;
Person other than
workforce
authorised to cross
railways between
platforms and struck
by a train.
36
Name Description Source Remarks
Other person not at a Any person not at a railway platform who is Commission Examples: Person in
platform not defined as “passenger”, “employee or Directive a road vehicle that
contractor”, “level crossing user”, “other 2014/88/EU (CSIs), impinges on the
person at a platform” or “trespasser”; Appendix 1.17 railway (not a level
crossings) and is
struck by a train;
Person outside the
railway struck by -a
derailed train -an
object fallen from a
train.
Passenger train-km (m Unit of measure representing the movement LICB Web Glossary,
train-km) of all passenger trains taking into account p.18
their journey length. From an IM’s point of
view it is important to include all passenger
train movements as they all influence the
deterioration of the rail infrastructure assets.
Empty passenger train movements are
therefore included in the number of
passenger train movements.
37
Name Description Source Remarks
Punctuality “Punctuality of a train is measured on the UIC CODE, 450 – 2, We are aware that
base of comparisons between the time OR, 5th edition, all IMs can´t
planned in the timetable of a train identified June 2009, 4 measure punctuality
by its train number and the actual running Measurement of at the final station.
time at certain measuring point. A measuring punctuality Therefore we´ll ask
point is a specific location on route where you to describe on
the trains running data are captured. One which type of points
can choose to measure the departure, arrival the punctuality are
or run through time”. measured. Please
give us that
“Punctuality are measured by setting up a information in the
threshold up to which trains are considered comment field when
as punctual and building a percentage.” doing the pilot. After
the pilot is
When measuring punctuality following are to
performed we can
be included all in service trains, i.e. Freight
discuss possibilities
and passenger but excluding Empty
to use the same
Coaching Stock movements and engineering
points for measuring
trains.
punctuality if that´s
considered to be
important.
38
Name Description Source Remarks
39
Name Description Source Remarks
40
Name Description Source Remarks
Serious injury Any person injured who was hospitalised for Glossary for
(seriously injured more than 24 hours as a result of an transport statistics,
person) accident, excluding any attempted suicide. A. VII-10
Commission
Directive
2014/88/EU (CSIs),
Appendix 1.19
Significant accident Any accident involving at least one rail Glossary for
vehicle in motion, resulting in at least one transport statistics,
killed or seriously injured person, or in A.VII-04
significant damage to stock, track, other
installations or environment, or extensive Commission
disruptions to traffic, excluding accidents in Directive
workshops, warehouses and depots. 2014/88/EU (CSIs),
Appendix 1.1
41
Name Description Source Remarks
Strategic points The strategic points are agreed with the Example from
government and railway undertakings each ProRail
year. The strategic points reflect the
following criteria:
1. End stations
4. National coverage
5. Historical determined
Commission
Directive
2014/88/EU (CSIs),
Appendix 3.1
42
Name Description Source Remarks
Track buckle or other Any fault related to the continuum and the Commission
track misalignment geometry of track, requiring track to be Directive
placed out of service or immediate restriction 2014/88/EU (CSIs),
of permitted speed. Appendix 4.2
Main track km The length of main running track measured Sub-group PRIME
in kilometres of the railway Each main track
of a multiple-track railway line is to be
counted, including passing loops. Excludes
side tracks, sidings and yards.
Glossary for
transport statistics,
A.IV-06
Train (definition used One or more railway vehicles hauled by one Glossary for
within the Safety KPIs) or more locomotives or railcars, or one Transport Statistics,
railcar travelling alone, running under a A.IV-05
given number or specific designation from an
initial fixed point to a terminal fixed point. Commission
Directive
A light engine, i.e. a locomotive travelling on 2014/88/EU (CSIs),
its own is not considered to be a train. Appendix 1.4
43
Name Description Source Remarks
44
Appendix 2: Causes for delays and cancelled services
Source: UIC CODE, 450 – 2, OR, 5th edition, June 2009
Traffic Management
Asset
Processes
Weather
Other IMs
Operational/ Infrastructure Civil Causes of Commercial Rolling stock Causes of External Secondary
planning installations Engineering other IMs causes other RUs causes causes
management causes
-0 1- 2- 3- 5- 6- 7- 8- 9-
Time table Signalling Planned Delay caused Exceeding Roster planning Delay caused Strike Dangerous
-1 compilation installations construction by next IM the stop time re -rostering by next RU incidents,
works accidents and
hazards
Formation of Signalling Irregularities in Delay caused Request of Formation of train Delay caused Administrative Track
-2 train by installations at execution of by previous the RU by Railway by previous formalities occupation
infrastructure level crossings construction IM Undertaking RU caused by the
manager work lateness of
the same train
Mistakes in Tele- Speed Loading Problems Outside Track
-3 operational communication restriction due operations affecting coaches influence occupation
procedures installations to defective (passenger caused by the
track transport) lateness of
another train
Wrong Power supply Loading Problems Effects of Turn round
-4 application of equipment irregularities affecting wagons weather and
Level rules (freight transport) natural
causes
Track Commercial Problems Delay caused Connection
-5 preparation affecting power by external
of train cars, locomotives reasons of the
and rail cars next net word
Structures Further
.-6 investigation
needed
-7
Staff Staff Staff Staff
-8
Other causes Other causes Other causes Other causes Other reasons Other causes
-9
45
Appendix 3: Charges for using the infrastructure and
related services
The Directive 2012/34/EU “Establishing a single European railway area”, known also
as SERA-Directive or Recast, defines next to other items the charging principles. The
Directive is based on Directives published before (91/440/EEC, 95/18/EC,
2001/14/EC). The general charging principles have not been changed, but were
defined more strictly from Directive to Directive. The track access charges (TAC) “shall
be set at the cost that is directly incurred as a result of operating the train service.” This
verbal description led to numerous different levels of TACs throughout Europe over the
years, but it is doubtlessly meant to charge for the marginal cost. Summing it up,
authorized charges according to Directive 2012/34/EU consists of nine main cost
components, depending on the package or service that is charged:
46
Charges for using the infrastructure and related services, as foreseen in Directive 2012/34/EU
Reservation
charge
mandatory
optional
applicable only to specific sections
47
Appendix 4: Background information
Asset information
Data Responsible
Line km and track km (maintained network lines in commercial
use)
- Total IM
- Conventional (main line) IM
- Conventional (other lines)
- Conventional (side track – track km only)
- High speed IM
Percentage of main lines being part of TEN-T core network (%) Provided by EC
TEN corridors (km) Provided by EC
Percentage of main track-km which iselectrified (%) IM
Bridges (km) IM
Bridges (nr) IM
Tunnels (km) IM
Switches
- Main track (nr) IM
- Side track (nr) IM
48
Organisation, management & ownership
Data Responsible
State-owned/private (Y/N) IM
Integrated IM/operators (Y/N) IM
Ownership and management (matrix, see below) IM
49
Human resources
Data Responsible
Total number of FTE employees working within IMs Company, IM
excluding subcontractors (nr)
Age average
- < 30 year (%) IM
- 30–50 year (%) IM
- 50 year (%) IM
Gender male/female (%) IM
Railway market
Data Responsible
Market/Modal shares– National statistics
- Railway (%) Provided by EC
- Aviation (%) Provided by EC
- Cars (%) Provided by EC
Train km (km) – National statistics Provided by EC
Passenger carried (nr) – National statistics Provided by EC
Passenger km (km) – National statistics Provided by EC
Passenger km on IMs lines (km) IM
Freight tonnes carried (tonnes) – National statistics Provided by EC
Freight tonne-km (tonnes-km) – National statistics Provided by EC
Freight tonne-km on IMs lines (tonnes-km) IM
Do you conduct customer satisfaction surveys?
- RUs (Y/N) IM
- End-user customer (Y/N) IM
- Passenger (Y/N) IM
- Freight (Y/N) IM
Matrix of main areas covered by the customer satisfaction IM
survey (see below)
The KPIs for customer satisfaction show which IMs are carrying out any surveys or
other quality analysis of the service provided, both related to end user customers
and/or Railway Undertakings (RUs). The purpose of the matrix in the background
information is to give an overview of the contents of the measurements included in
the analysis for each IM. The idea is to first present the degree of satisfaction from
surveys from both RUs and end user customers for total satisfaction segmented
between freight and passenger transport. The next step will be to present time
series data for satisfaction surveys.
50
Total Freight Passenger
Railway Degree of cc yy zz
Undertakings satisfaction
(DoS)
Dealta in DoS
End customers Degree of
satisfaction
Dealta in DoS
51
Country characteristics
Data Responsible
Country area Provided by EC
Population Provided by EC
Population density Provided by EC
GDP Provided by EC
Border countries Provided by EC
Currency Provided by EC
Price levels Provided by EC
Purchasing power Provided by EC
Data Responsible
Does the IM organisation have an Asset Management System IM
based on the requirements within ISO55000 or the PAS55
guidelines? (Y/N)
Does the IM apply a structured self-assessment matrix to IM
identify main short-comings in the Asset Management
Capability? (Y/N)
Or is the Asset Management Capability assessed by an IM
external authority? (Y/N), (if yes assessment every xxx year.)
The IM has a plan for deployment of ERTMs accepted by the IM
government. (Y/N)
Are you as an IM responsible for drafting action plan regarding IM
noise? (Y/N)
Do you produce saturation or congestion maps on the national level? IM
(Y/N)
Were noise maps compiled along the railway network? (Y/N) IM
Do you conduct acoustic grinding on the railway network? (Y/N) IM
Do you have programs to support quieter trains (retrofitting IM
freight trains)? (Y/N)
Do you subsidize noise proof windows? (Y/N) IM
Strategy infrastructure plans and contractual agreements
- date of adoption/signature IM
- duration IM
52
Charging Matrix
Link to the
Description of which track access charges are being used by IMs 2012/34 Unit 2012 2013 2014 2015
Directive
53
Link to the
2012/34 Unit 2012 2013 2014 2015
Directive
Incentives regimes
Is it common for you to apply time-limited discounts to encourage the
development of new rail services, or discounts encouraging the use of Article 33 Yes/No
considerably underutilised lines ?
Have you implemented a performance scheme ? Article 35 Yes/No
Do you have a distinction in your charges for the trains equiped with ETCS ? Article 32.4 Yes/No
Does your charging sytem include a reservation charge for capacity that is Article 36 Yes/No
allocated but not used ?
54
Appendix 5: Finance
Note: The data is just for illustration.
of
of which
Costs and Investments, € which
Capex
P&L
3
Maintenance 800 800
4
Network Operation 700 700
5
Other operating expenditures 50 50
6
Financial expenditures 20 20
7
Other non operating expenditures 60 60
8
Other IM capital expenditures
4 1 2
Total IM Expenditures
530 730 800
1 1
TOTAL OPEX -
650 650
TOTAL NON OPERATING COSTS -
80 80
3
All support cost related to maintenance process are to be included
4
All support cost related to Network Operation process are to be included
5
All other Operating costs not inclued in the previous Cost Items (costs to EBITDA)
6
Interest&financial costs (excluding capital/reimbursement) net of positive interest
7
All other non operating costs excluding depreciation
8
All other capital expenditure not included in the previous items (if an)
PRIME - Key Performance indicators for performance benchmarking – Final draft version 1.0, 15th November 2016
2 2
TOTAL CAPEX -
800 800
56
of which of which
Revenues and Fundings, € P&L Capex
4 2 2
Total IM Revenues and Fundings
830 030 800
Depreciation -100 0
9
To allocate Grants in P&L or Capex depending how are they are considered in the accounting
10
In this example we have indicated an amount of grants= to the investment that are supposed to be financed
by public sources (even if cash in could be different)
11
To indicate only borrowing necessary to finance investment indicated in the Cost/expenditure (Capex)
section)
57