THAPAR UNIVERSITY, PATIALA

ELECTRICAL AND INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

Subject: FACTS CONTROLLERS AND MODELING (PEE212) Course Instructor: Parag Nijhawan
Semester: Jan.-June, 2016 Class: M.E. 1st Year (Power Systems)
Tutorial Sheet – 1

1) What is the need of ‘Reactive Power Compensation’?

2) What are the various conventional compensating devices used in a power system network?
Discuss the role of each.
3) What are the limitations of conventional compensating devices?
4) Prove that active power is a function of voltage phase angle and reactive power is a function of
voltage magnitude.
5) A 150MVA load with power factor of 0.75 is connected to the power system network. What
rating of capacitor is required to improve its power factor to 0.95?
6) An a.c. source is supplying a resistive load of 80Ohms through a line of impedance (4+j30)Ohms,
what will be the source voltage needed to maintain load voltage of 33kV? Now, if an j80 Ohm
reactor is added in parallel to the resistive load, what will be the circuit current, and source
voltage needed to maintain the same load voltage?
 THAPAR UNIVERSITY, PATIALA
ELECTRICAL AND INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
Subject: FACTS CONTROLLERS AND MODELING (PEE212) Course Instructor: Parag Nijhawan
Semester: Jan.-June, 2016 Class: M.E. 1st Year (Power Systems)
Tutorial Sheet – 2

1) A three-phase transmission line has a resistance of 12 Ohms/phase and a reactance of 35

Ohms/phase. Determine the maximum power which may be transmitted if 132kV were maintained
at each end. What is the phase difference between the receiving end and sending end voltages for
maximum power transmitted? Also, determine the rating of a SPM required to supply 100MW at 0.9
power factor lagging at the receiving end.
2) A three-phase overhead line resistance and reactance per phase of 20 Ohms and 80 Ohms,
respectively. The sending end voltage is 145kV, while the load end voltage is maintained at 132kV
for all loads by an automatically controlled SPM. If the MVAR of the modifier has the same value for
zero load as for a load of 50MW, find the rating of the modifier and the power factor of this load.
3) A 320km, 275kV, three-phase line has the following general parameters:
A = 0.94 1o, B = 107 78o Ohms
If the receiving end voltage is 275kV, determine (i) the sending end voltage necessary if a load of
300MW at 0.9 lagging power factor is being delivered at the receiving end, (ii) the maximum power
that can be transmitted if the sending end voltage is held at 290kV, (iii) the additional reactive MVA
that will have to be provided at the receiving end when delivering 450MVA at 0.9 lagging power
factor, the supply voltage being 290kV.
4) A three-phase 50Hz transmission line has resistance of 14 Ohms and an inductive reactance of 48
Ohms/phase. The capacitive susceptance to neutral is 4x10-4 Siemens. Find the MVAR rating on no
load and full load of a SPM to maintain the sending end and receiving end voltages at 70kV and
66kV, respectively, when the line is delivering a load of 24MVA at 0.8 power factor lagging. Use
nominal-π equivalent circuit for solution.
 THAPAR UNIVERSITY, PATIALA
ELECTRICAL AND INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
Subject: FACTS CONTROLLERS AND MODELING (PEE212) Course Instructor: Parag Nijhawan
Semester: Jan.-June, 2016 Class: M.E. 1st Year (Power Systems)
Tutorial Sheets – 3 & 4

1) What is the need of FACTS technology?

2) Discuss the classification of FACTS devices.
3) How converter based FACTS devices are superior to thyristors based FACTS devices?
4) Draw the block diagrams of STATCOM, SSSC and UPFC. Also, write their applications.
5) Why have distribution systems begin to receive more attention for reliability assessment?
6) What are the reasons behind increasing concerns for power quality? Also, write the causes
behind these reasons.
7) Compare: FACTS devices and Custom Power devices.
8) Explain the operation, structure and applications of DSTATCOM.
9) Explain the operation, structure and applications of DVR.
10) Explain the operation, structure and applications of UPQC.
11) What is an Open UPQC? What is its application?
12) What is an interline DVR? Discuss its operation.
 THAPAR UNIVERSITY, PATIALA
ELECTRICAL AND INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
Subject: FACTS CONTROLLERS AND MODELING (PEE212) Course Instructor: Parag Nijhawan
Semester: Jan.-June, 2016 Class: M.E. 1st Year (Power Systems)
Tutorial Sheets – 5 & 6

1) Consider a three bus system. The specifications at various buses are given in the table. Carry out
FDLF up to 3 iterations.

Table-1(a):- Line Data

Line No. Bus Code (p-q) Line impedance

1 1-2 j0.25
2 2-3 j0.25
3 3-1 j0.25

Table-1(b):- Input data

BUS BUS TYPE Vi(PU) i Pi Qi

1 Slack bus 1.00 0 - -
2 PQ bus ? ? -0.5 -0.4
3 PV bus 0.90 ? 0.5 -

If a capacitor of reactance –j0.10 is connected in parallel to the PV bus. Compare the LF solution
after providing shunt compensation with that of uncompensated system.

2) Consider three bus systems. The line reactance’s are given in the table-2(a) the line resistances
are neglected. The magnitude of all the three bus voltages is specified as 1.00 pu. The power at
the buses is listed in table-2(b).

Table-2(a):- Line Data

Line No. Bus Code (p-q) Line impedance

1 1-2 j0.2
2 2-3 j0.2
3 3-1 j0.2
 Table-2(b):- Input data

BUS REAL LOAD REACTIVE LOAD REAL POWER REACTIVE POWER

DEMAND DEMAND GENERATION GENERATION

1 1.0 0.6 PG1 (Unspecified) QG1 (Unspecified)

2 0.0 0.0 1.4 QG2 (Unspecified)
3 1.0 1.0 0.0 QG3 (Unspecified)

Carry out load flow solution. If now a capacitor of –j0.05 is added between buses 2 and 3, obtain the
modified load flow solution, and draw conclusions.

3) For the system whose data is given below, obtain the load flow solution using FDLF method
(upto 3 iterations). Now, series capacitor is installed in the line between buses 2 and 3 to
compensate 10% reactive power. Use PIM and obtain the load flow solution of the compensated
system (upto 3 iterations). Also, obtain the PIM of series capacitor with 10% reactance variation.
Compare the results obtained for the compensated system with that for the uncompensated
system.
Line data (All quantities are in p.u.)

Line Number Between Buses Line Impedance Half Line charging

admittance
1 1-2 j0.1 0
2 2-3 j0.2 0
3 1-3 j0.3 0

Bus data

Bus No. Type Generator Load Voltage Reactive power

P Q P Q magnitude limit
Qmin Qmax
1 Slack - - - - 1.0 - -
2 P-V 5.3217 - - - 1.1 0 5.3217
3 P-Q - - 3.6392 0.5339 - - -
 THAPAR UNIVERSITY, PATIALA
ELECTRICAL AND INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
Subject: FACTS CONTROLLERS AND MODELING (PEE212) Course Instructor: Parag Nijhawan
Semester: Jan.-June, 2016 Class: M.E. 1st Year (Power Systems)
Tutorial Sheets – 7 & 8

1) What are SVC systems? Describe the SVC schemes commonly used in EHV/UHV transmission.
2) Explain why static compensation is preferred over synchronous compensation in modern power
systems.
3) State the advantages of SVS over other methods of voltage control. Also, write its applications.
4) What is a TSR? How is it different from TCR?
5) Draw the block diagram and characteristics of STATCOM.
6) How can a STATCOM improve power system performance? Why do we prefer VSC in STATCOMs
instead of CSC?
7) What are the advantages of STATCOM over SVC?
8) How are the output voltage and VAR controlled in a DSTATCOM? Explain, in detail.
9) Derive the PIM of STATCOM.