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    Clay Blanket

    Uploaded by

    Ahmed Tarek
    Earthen dams are dams made of materials like clay and rock that are economical. They come in small, medium, and large sizes. Small earthen dams, which are less than 50 feet tall, are used worldwide and can have different internal structures. Approximately 30% of dam failures are due to foundation problems like unstable foundation material, dissolution, liquefaction, settlement, or uncontrolled seepage. For small dams built on streams with low flow, controlling seepage from the alluvial foundation is especially important. Different techniques for controlling seepage include cutoff walls, grouted cutoffs, impervious blankets, and increasing the seepage path by using clay.

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    Clay Blanket

    Uploaded by

    Ahmed Tarek
    377 views2 pages
    Earthen dams are dams made of materials like clay and rock that are economical. They come in small, medium, and large sizes. Small earthen dams, which are less than 50 feet tall, are used worldwide and can have different internal structures. Approximately 30% of dam failures are due to foundation problems like unstable foundation material, dissolution, liquefaction, settlement, or uncontrolled seepage. For small dams built on streams with low flow, controlling seepage from the alluvial foundation is especially important. Different techniques for controlling seepage include cutoff walls, grouted cutoffs, impervious blankets, and increasing the seepage path by using clay.

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    clay blanket

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    Earthen dams are dams made of materials like clay and rock that are economical. They come in small, medium, and large sizes. Small earthen dams, which are less than 50 feet tall, are used worldwide and can have different internal structures. Approximately 30% of dam failures are due to foundation problems like unstable foundation material, dissolution, liquefaction, settlement, or uncontrolled seepage. For small dams built on streams with low flow, controlling seepage from the alluvial foundation is especially important. Different techniques for controlling seepage include cutoff walls, grouted cutoffs, impervious blankets, and increasing the seepage path by using clay.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    377 views2 pages

    Clay Blanket

    Uploaded by

    Ahmed Tarek
    Earthen dams are dams made of materials like clay and rock that are economical. They come in small, medium, and large sizes. Small earthen dams, which are less than 50 feet tall, are used worldwide and can have different internal structures. Approximately 30% of dam failures are due to foundation problems like unstable foundation material, dissolution, liquefaction, settlement, or uncontrolled seepage. For small dams built on streams with low flow, controlling seepage from the alluvial foundation is especially important. Different techniques for controlling seepage include cutoff walls, grouted cutoffs, impervious blankets, and increasing the seepage path by using clay.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 2

    Earthen dams are water retaining

    structures made up of earthen material like


    clays and rocks. They are the most economic
    dams on the basis of material. They may be
    Small, Medium or Large on the basis of size of
    dams. USBR (United Stated Bureau of
    Reclamation) defined small dam as one having
    maximum height < 15 m (50 ft.).
    Small earthen embankment dams are used
    worldwide. They may be homogenous, zoned
    embankments or Earth cored rock filled Dams
    (ECRDs.).
    Dams are important engineering
    structures. The failure of a dam would mean the
    loss of many lives as well as economy. Table 1
    shows the failures of dams occurred in the
    world along with their causes. About 30% of
    the dams failures occurred in the world were
    due to foundation defects.
    The foundation problems may be Sliding
    stability of foundation material, dissolution of
    foundation material, liquefaction, differential
    settlement/ deformation of foundation material
    and/or uncontrolled foundation seepage.
    Seepage control is of prime importance in
    case of small dams because these dams are
    constructed on streams of low discharge and
    smaller catchment areas where the availability
    of water is minimal. Seepage may occur from
    139
    Journal of Himalayan Earth Sciences Volume 48, No. 2, 2015 pp.139-147
    Table 1. Causes of failure of dams in the world
    (Thomas, 1976).
    140
    dam body, abutments or foundation bed
    (Asawa, 2006). To control seepage from the
    dam body, the thickness of clay core must be
    enough to lower the piezometric line to a safe
    level like downstream horizontal drain or toe
    drain where the pressure is atmospheric.
    Seepage from the abutments can be controlled
    using available methods like grouting and
    escarpment if the problem exists.
    The streams on which small dams are built,
    most often have bed rock at a higher depth. The
    foundation bed over there is of alluvial material
    of pervious nature. In such case the control of
    seepage from alluvial bed is of prime
    importance. If the bed rock is at shallow depth,
    a cut off trench/wall as in Figure 1a is the best
    solution (Novak et al., 2007). Grouted cutoffs
    and diaphragm cutoff walls as in Figure 2b and
    Figure 3c are other solutions to the problem.
    For the case when rock is at higher depth,
    upstream impervious blanket (Fig. 3d) is the
    best choice (ICOLD, 2011). In all afore
    mentioned methods, the basic technique is to
    increase the seepage path. In the last mentioned
    alternative, clay is used as a construction
    material for this purpose, due to its economy

    and availability.

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