UAS REPORT WRITTING

HENDRY HELMIYANTO

071001400073

FAKULTAS TEKNOLOGI KEBUMIAN & ENERGI

PROGRAM STUDI TEKNIK PERMINYAKAN
UNIVERSITAS TRISAKTI
JAKARTA
2019
Analysis of Cementing Turbulators

http://sci-hub.se/https://doi.org/10.2118/19542-PA

Squeeze Cementing Operations

http://sci-hub.se/https://doi.org/10.2118/950053-G

Advances in Tieback Cementing

http://sci-hub.se/https://doi.org/10.2118/79907-MS

Geothermal Well Cementing Technology

http://sci-hub.se/https://doi.org/10.2118/12454-MS

Principles of Squeeze Cementing

http://sci-hub.se/https://doi.org/10.2118/12603-MS

Cementing - A Systematic Approach

http://sci-hub.se/https://doi.org/10.2118/11981-PA

Offline Cementing Technique

http://sci-hub.se/https://doi.org/10.2118/194186-MS

Cementing Practices - 1972

http://sci-hub.se/https://doi.org/10.2118/3809-MS

Deepwater Cementing Challenges

http://sci-hub.se/https://doi.org/10.2118/56534-MS

Plug-back Cementing Methods

http://sci-hub.se/https://doi.org/10.2118/936187-G

Problems in Squeeze Cementing

http://sci-hub.se/https://doi.org/10.2118/11499-MS

Practical Horizontal Cementing Today

http://sci-hub.se/https://doi.org/10.2118/25546-MS

Cementing Geothermal Steam Wells

http://sci-hub.se/https://doi.org/10.2118/904-PA

Ultralow-Density Cementing Operations

http://sci-hub.se/https://doi.org/10.2118/9597-PA

Slag Cementing Versus Conventional Cementing: Comparative Bond Results

http://sci-hub.se/https://doi.org/10.2118/39005-MS
 Analysis of Cementing Turbulators

Paper Position reference

1. M.R. Wells Agree 1. Laboratory experiments, computer

(Amoco simulations, and field tests showed

Production that under most conditions casing

Co.) turbulators can effectively improve

2. R.C. Smith displacement efficiency.

(Amoco Agree 2. Numerical simulations were

Production performed, solving the basic

Co.) equations of fluid motion in the

annulus between the casing and the

hole.

Disagree 3. Although casing turbulators increase

turbulence levels in the fluid

immediately following the

turbulator, this increase is minimal

and quickly dissipates.

http://sci-hub.se/https://doi.org/10.2118/19542-PA
Background

Casing turbulators were first evaluated in 1986. On the first well,19 turbulators

were run in three separate intervals; two are discussed here. These two intervals

were widely spaced in two different wellbore diameters. Fig. 2 shows the wellbore

arrangement and the cement-bond, sonic, and gamma ray logs for the first

interval. Thirteen turbulators with 6-in.-OD blades were run on 4th-in. casing.

One turbulator was run per 40-ft joint across 500 ft of open hole. The bottom

turbulator was at 18,762 ft, and casing was set at 19,602 ft. The pipe amplitude

curve on the CBL in Fig. 2 shows much better bonding opposite the turbulators

compared with the interval below 18,762 ft. The hole size throughout the interval,

as indicated by the caliper log, varied from 6 1/5 in. (bit size) to > 16 in. The best

bonding is achieved in the near-gauge hole for the 6- in.-OD turbulator blades,

demonstrating that the effect of the turbulator diminishes as the ratio of hole size

to blade diameter increases.

Three M4-in.-OD turbulators were also run farther up the hole in the same well. In

this case, the turbulators were inside a 7O/S-in. drilling liner with an approximate

ID of 6Ys in. The CBL pipe amplitude curve, shown in Fig. 3, indicates good

bonding in the 15,525- to 15,615-ft interval opposite the turbulators. Bonding was

poor above and below this interval where turbulators were not run. Prompted by

the good results obtained on the first well, turbulators were tested a second time

on another well (Fig. 4). On this second well, 3,500 ft of7-in. liner was run to

17,988 ft in 8lh-in. hole and equipped with 81 turbulators with 8I,4-in.-OD blades.
Turbulators were run one per 40-ftjoint from 14,454 to 17,956 ft. The CBL pipe

amplitude curve indicates excellent bonding throughout the interval, which is

representative of the entire section where turbulators were used. In this case, good

bonding was realized even though the hole size ranged from 9 to 10 in. across the

interval.

The field evidence clearly indicates that use of casing turbulators on liners and

casing strings improves mud displacement and thus cement bonding. The

following sections outline the degree of influence the turbulator has on the cement

flow and provide techniques for proper turbulator placement and pump rates for

maximum fluid displacement.

Introduction

In recent years, an influx of mechanical devices has surfaced to

improve the quality of cementing operations by centralizing the

casing string and/or diverting the flow circumferentially around the

annulus. Casing turbulators are mechanical devices that do both.

Turbulators are solid cylindrical devices with blades welded to the

outer surface at angles 30 to 50 0 from on axis (Fig. 1). Cement

flowing past the turbulator is then redirected circumferentially

around the casing by the blades, thereby flushing the narrow side

ofthe annulus and enhancing drilling-fluids displacement. Although

casing turbulators increase turbulence levels in the fluid immediately following

the turbulator, this increase is minimal and quickly

dissipates. The positive effect from the turbulator is the induced

swirlflow.

To date, response to the use of turbulators in field applications

has been favorable. Cement-bond logs (CBL's) generally provide

higher displacement efficiencies. This study examines the effect of

the various turbulator geometric parameters, flow rate, and cement

rheology on the "effective swirl length, " Ls, established in the

flow passing the turbulator. The effective swirl length is the axial

distance along the casing annulus where the flow angle remains

greater than 3°from on axis.

 Discation
Laboratory experiments, computer simulations, and field tests

showed that under most conditions casing turbulators can

effectively improve displacement efficiency. Experiments and

computer simulations examining the effective length of the swirl

flow produced by casing turbulators were completed for a

variety of flow rates, turbulator blade geometries, and fluid

rheologies. A curve was

generated for use in cementing operations to predict the

required turbulator spacing to optimize fluid-displacement

efficiency. The following results characterize the effects of the

various parameters ontur bulator performance.

1. The effective swirl length increases linearly with turbulator

blade angle. A maximum angle of 50° was imposed because of

excessive pressure loss over the turbulator and lowered flow

efficiency

owing to excessive amounts of fluid passing over the top of the

turbulator blade.

2. The swirl flow downstream of the turbulator is a function of

only the generalized Reynolds number. The effective swirl

length

increases with flow rate over the flow rates tested.

 3. The effect of hole washout and pipe eccentricity are analogs

and are accounted for by the parameter described in Eq. 20.

4. Fluid-rheology effects on the effective swirl length are linearly

related to the generalized Reynolds number.

My opinion about the paper been prepared well, because in this paper he

explained several analyzes and arguments well with several images and

objectsthat we can understand.

I agree with the first argument because this has been proven in Evidence that the

field clearly shows that the use of a turbulator casing on the liner and casing string

increases the transfer of sludge and thus binds cement. The following section

describes the level of influence of the turbulator on cement flow and provides

techniques for proper turbulator placement and pump speed for maximum fluid

displacement. I agree with the second argument because it also aims to extend the

experimental results to other casing and hole sizes, turbulator blade

configurations, flow rates, and cemen trheological properties.

I disagree with the last opinion because indeed in increasing the level of

turbulence in the liquid immediately after the turbulator, the increase is not

permanent and inconsistent and has minimal capacity, this requires an

improvement to overcome it.