LD4 Stochio PDF
LD4 Stochio PDF
LD4 Stochio PDF
ENGINEERING
Basic Concepts
Second Edition (2.002.)
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Cqa "'L,il "1 Ft, Wc
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OGblE,. U....iIy
À ' i <II ba"....... oa biuIoticai ~ C*I eas.dy Ile "TÛlaI wbeD me cunpoUbom 0(
MIbArWs. producu. Ind ccüuLv matenaI .-e knowa. Usmlly, dcctroo-ptOCOII te'__
llre mj'Uitcd III add.itiœ 10 CkiikDlll1 M ! _ 10 ck:k:&w:i1X cbe MOktûcMDUllC coctf- ..... IS
in bioIe.:t-. Acalrafc dnmniUllOll oIlhc eOlllpœitioa of eelll.lw -nal il • maj«
pobk"," V--.om; ÎfI ccllu.IM~p""_ wull cillfemu l)'pes 01 fXPIlÏ- WC: 5bowll in
TIIbIe 7.J." lypICal c:c:l\ul.. compœi'iœ c:. be represented as OI,A.,J One mole' oC
bIoIotal lMIeral Îli dermed .. Ibt _ 1 eonuining 1 JDm .... 01 . . . . web Ils
ClfAN.
Condder me followinl simplirle'd bio&o,ical ~"CBiOG. in whJdl DO C:lI.~Ull1ac
produets olhc:r ttwJ H:O and CO~ are ~rd.
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wbere CH..O. represent! 1 mole of arbohydnlle and CH"O~. stands for 1 mole of œllu
lar maJe:rial. Simple elementaJ balances on C. H. 0, and N yield the followina equations:
C, I_c+e
H, 1II+3b""ca+2d
,,+ 2a -cP +d + 2e
'"N, (7.4)
ou_oo. _....._
CH.O, +00: +bl\"H 1 -----t cCHQO,N, + dCH ,O,N, +eH 10+ /00 1 (7.6)
Sec.7.J 211
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TABlE 1.. o.g... of Reduc:lion ancIW.lghl of One C.rbon Equlv.l.nt 01 an. Mole
01 SorM Sub&lr.tet ,,'Id 8icHn...
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"""","'" !-toI«..... formula
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fledllttioll, 1
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'-su.' ~.65(N,)
......
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WRlI pemliuioo.. fi'om 8. Alti...... Md F" ),.by4U.... ,. t .laII ÜIpt«"'" fINi "MN'cA "''lI:<" H<1N/.
boI>oM:. M"'mill .... lnt.. S", yort. 1913.
(1.8)
T, .. 4+.r-2)'-3:
(1.9)
NOIe thal for~. H10. and l'.'1I J the degTee oC reduClion is zero.
Equmon 1.6can lead 10 e~tal balances on C. H. O. and N. an l\'aiJable ekcU'Oll
b..huw::e. an energy balance. and a lOUIlJIU5 balance. or !he equaùons. only five will !:le
inckpmdenL If all the equaDoll5 lIl"e wrilleo, then!he utnl equations C&Il bc: use<! 10 check
lhe COIUi$tency of an uperimental data seL Because the amount of Willer Cormcd Of used
in wch reaclioll$ is difflCUlIlo dctenninc and waler is prescnJ in JI'CllI exCU5. the hyttro.
gen and oxygen balmccs an: dimcult 10 use. For such Il data sel. wc would lypically
cboosc a carllon. li mlroltcn, and an availablc--clcctroo balaDee. Thus.
c+d+I-1 (1.10)
(1.11)
'1,+d'(,"'y.-4a (1,12)
Whh partial experimcnlal dal8, il is possible 10 solve lh.is sel of cquations. Meawrc'
menls of RQ and Il yield c:ocfflcient would. for exampk, allow the calcul.lion al the ~
mainina coefficients. Il should bc: llOICd that the coc:fficienL c. is Ym (on a moIar besis)
and d i5 Y1'Q" (a1so on _ mollll'" basb).
(1.14b)
whcre t is me fraction of available elecuons in the OrJanie SUb$ltIlC mol il tranlfe=d 10
cn,yam ~ is the fraction of 1\1tilablc clcctron$ ÙIIl il ineorporared inlo biomass, and ~ is
the fraction of lIvaiLable clCCll'Ons dun is iocOi ponlled inla exttaeellular plOduClS.
Enmp~7.1
""ume lhaI upmmmw menu~rromls for 1 cenain lXJanlsm h.'l: shawn lbal cells can
COCMfllwo-rblrds (wW'I) of Ille subslnllC: l:lrbon (alUnI: or "1lIOOie) 10 bi(lml$6,
.. Calculau: Ille slOiclliomeuil: roefficimu for the fotlo-in. bôolOficaJ ~...oon.;
Glucose: CtHllo. -+- Il 0: -+- Il NH) _ oiC...H'.Jfl<u.0I,:} -+-d Hz{) -+- eC<l,
b. Calcul1lte die yield coel'lkienl,l YM <& ctw œlll, subsll1lle). Y~ <& dw cdII. 0,) for borb
~ôICtions. Comme", 0II1he difl'~.
Solution
.. For he.ud«:ane.
Il .. (2042)(0.86) .. 2.08~
The hydl'Olfll tul~ is
l"l: l, ... Jb .. 7.3<' ... 2d
d .. 12AJ
Stoichlomllric Calculllions
Sec. 7.3
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Il_ 12.427
Then, 4ll"4.~12);('_0.909.
~ .. 2.42(MWh.-"
MIS (MW>
1.42(91,304)
Y:I'II- '226 .. 0.98 p«lls/, subsU'uc
~ .. 2.42(MW\,
vo, 12.43(MWlo,
1.42(91~)
YXIO, - (12.43)(32) .. 0.557 Jdw cdW. 0 1
F(Ir JhaI;oR.
0-461 cd
y,
X,,'" (0.909)(91.34)
110 ...
l1J sub:s
'" te /, nie
o HO
th aJ m n
ln - yXI - 0.5 d je ds
'fi .S
n of e 01 m imaJ, Eeld
lhanQIJ
ln pnctio;e. dww muimJll y;elds are noc obIaillll.'d. TM produc:l yi.!:ld' wc ~boul ~ 10 9~
of !he muinW valves. becaux !he IlUQtIH is tonV'l'rted ÎlIlo biomasf lIIld other rneubolic
b~'_prodllC15 (e'l-llycerol (Ir aceme).
7.5. SUMMARV
Simpk melbods 10 dc:lermÎfle ÛlC' reaction $Ioiclûomeuy for bioreaclors arc reviewed. The5C'
metbods lue! to ÛlC' poMibilily of pro:Iictinc yicld coefficlenls for vlll'Îous fermentations
usinz a '..netY ofsub5tnlle$. Br couplJnc these cqullions loCJtpcrimenlaU)' mcaslirable pa.
rameten. sllCb as lbe re5piruOf)' quotient. we can lofer 1 pell dellibout the proarcss of 1
fermentation. SlICb cticulltiœ5 canllsowl$l in initill proteu dcsicn cquilions br IIlow.
inc the prediction oflbe lJllOUll( of Q,l,)'JCll requiml (and consequenlly bell cel1eralcd) for 1
ccnain con''U'Sion 0{ 1 panicu11r" 5tIb$lr1Ile. 1be prediction of )'icld coefficients is llOl CJt8Ct,
bC'ause unIalown Of unlc::c:oulllcd (Ir mctlbolic paLltw1rs and producu arc present.
NOfletbdess, JlICh calcuillions pr1)'o'idc usefuJ fll'St C5timllcs of JlICb paramelc::rs.
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