DAR-UL-HUDA

ARABIC MORPHOLOGY
SUMMARY
SUMMARY OF SARF-KABEER GHARDAANS AND SARF-SAGHEER ABWAAB

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 VERBS SUMMARY CHART DAR-UL-HUDA
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REMEMBER: MEANS DOER IS KNOWN AND MEANS DOER IS UNKNOWN BUT THE ITEM/PERSON THE ACTION IS DONE UPON IS KNOWN
16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

1. Adding Laam at the 1. Adding Laam at the 1. Adding 1. Adding 1. Adding 1. The 1. 1. Adding 1. First 1. State
beginning and Noon beginning and Noon changes meaning first letter State root of
changes meaning negates the negates the
without tashdeed at the with tashdeed at the to emphasised (sign of of letter second
to negative past meaning of meaning of
ending. Laam will have ending. Both will have negative future mudhari’) second pesh root
tense present/future past tense.
zabar and Noon will zabar tense has pesh, root and letter
2. Changes all tense. 2. No other
have saakin 2. Meaning changes to 2. Changes all second letter second can
ending that were 2. No other changes to be
2. Meaning changes to emphasised future ending that were root letter can root change.
pesh to saakin changes to be made
emphasised future tense pesh to zabar zabar, last change letter 2. Last
3. Drop of all made
tense 3. Drop of all root letter 2. Last zer root
noon endings
3. There will be no scale noon endings pesh root letter is
expect on female
for those words that expect on female letter always
plural absent and
had alif before the final plural absent and always zabar
present scales
noon in charts 13/14 present scales pesh
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28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17

1. Adding of 1. Adding of 1. Adding of 1. Adding Laam at the 1. Adding Laam at the 1. The first 1. For all command
beginning and Noon beginning and Noon letter (sign of ghardaans, the ‫ ل‬at the
negative command at negative command at negative command
without tashdeed at the tashdeed at the end to mudhari’) has beginning has a zer
the beginning and the beginning and at the beginning and
ending. Laam will have create a heavily pesh, second 2. State of second root
same endings as in same endings as in same endings as in
zer and Noon will have emphasised command. root letter letter can change
ghardaans 21/22 ghardaans 19/20 ghardaans 11/12
saakin 2. Similar to ghardaans zabar, last 3. To make present
2. The Noon with 2. The Noon with
2. Meaning changes to 13 and 14 but the Laam root letter scales (scales 7-12), if
saakin creates a lightly tashdeed creates a
lightly emphasised at the beginning has a pesh second root letter has
emphasised negative heavily emphasised
command zer for command. 2. Changes all pesh in present/future
command meaning negative command
3. There will be no scale ending that tense ghardaan then
meaning
for those words that had were pesh to add alif with a pesh at
alif before the final noon saakin the beginning,
in charts 19/20 3. Drop of all otherwise add alif with
4. Similar to ghardaans 15 noon endings a zer.
and 16 but the Laam at expect on 4. Changes all ending
the beginning has a zer female plural that were pesh to
for command. absent and saakin.
present scales 5. Drop of all noon
endings expect on
female plural absent
and present scales
 DERIVED NOUNS DAR-UL-HUDA
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SUMMARY CHART

5 4 3 2 1

1. Shows time or place of an

1. Comparative - Used to action
show a quality described by 2. Root letters show the
the meaning of the root letter 1. Used to show an instrument of meaning
is found in a greater extent in the quality shown by the meaning 3. Meem at the beginning will 1. Shows upon whom the action
one person/thing when 1. Shows the doer of an action
of the root letter always have a zabar (difference was done upon
compared to another 2. Root letters show the
2. Meem at the beginning will from ism aala ghardaan where 2. Root letters show the
When using it as a meaning
always have a zer (difference from Meem has zer) meaning
comparative noun add 3. Last letter is susceptible to
ism zarf ghardaan where Meem 4. If the second root letter has a 3. Last letter is susceptible to
change of harakah as they are
after the ism-tafdheel has zabar) pesh in mudhaar’ then it will change of harakah as they are
nouns.
2. Superlative – Can also be 3. Second root letter will always have a zabar in this ghardaan, nouns.
used to refer to the highest have a zabar otherwise leave the second
degree of the quality shown root letter to have same
by the root letters harakah as in mudhaari’
SARF-SAGHEER SUMMARY CHART
DAR-UL-HUDA
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NO ZARF, ALAA, TAFDHEEL –

EXAMPLE

Meaning -Meaning action

Meaning ‘Laazim’ Generally
action done done by two Meaning sometimes to Usually
sometimes Baab - no has a
by two parties to each make someone do an Has two Masdar meaning of
to accept or Majhool or Huroof- NOTES
parties to other action or action done to forms permanent
to feign the Maf’ool Halqi as a
each other -Has two someone else(transitive) qualities
action scales root letter
Masdar forms
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FOR THE FOLLOWNG BAABS THERE ARE NO ZARF, ALAA OR TAFDHEEL SCALES AND ALL BAABS WITH NO MAJHOOL OR MAF’OOL SCALES ARE LAAZIM (INTRANSITIVE)

EXAMPLE

Root Action Can mean to

letters do Meaning Meaning sometimes seek the
not exist in intensified/ex intensified/exaggerated, result of action NOTES
aggerated colour or of defect external shown by
body part root letters