EN

BIOMASS
ENERGY INSTALLATIONS
SUSTAINABLE AND EFFICIENT ENERGY FROM BIOMASS

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BIOMASS FIRED
ENERGY INSTALLATIONS SUSTAINABLE AND EFFICIENT
ENERGY FROM BIOMASS

FLEXIBILITY AND RELIABILITY

HoSt energy installations can be fired with a great range of biomass
fuels such as RDF, wood, straw, chaff, olive pulp, chicken manure or
other (organic) waste.

Biomass such as wood, straw, chaff or other organic residues are available WHY CHOOSE A HOST HoSt energy installations Fuel flexibility High availability
in large quantities. Using biomass as a fuel is significantly cheaper than COMBUSTION INSTALLATION? HoSt supplies biomass fired The installation can be fired using The HoSt installations show an
installations ranging from 2 MWt a great range of biomass fuels. availability of 92% up to 94% in
natural gas and diesel. • FUEL FLEXIBILITY to 50 MWt. For capacities above 25 For example fuels with: practice.

• HIGH EFFICIENCY
MWt, two separate combustion lines • Moisture content ranging from
are installed allowing cost effective 10% to 55%.
HoSt, founded in 1991 by Holec and Stork and since 1999 an independent • HIGH RELIABILITY road transport and reducing the • Particle size up to 15 cm.
company, is active in designing, building, operating and maintenance • COMPETITIVE PRICING
height of the building envelope. • Low ash melting point: fuels such
This modular approach also provides as contaminated wood, straw,
of biomass fired energy installations for over more than 20 years. The greater installation flexibility for our chaff, chicken manure, RDF and
clients. other organic waste.
combustion technology is highly flexible in applicable fuels such as:
moisture contents ranging from 10% to 55% and fuels with low ash
melting points like straw, chaff, manure, olive pulp, chicken manure
and RDF (Refused Derived Fuel). HoSt is able to supply flue gas cleaning
to minimize NOx, sulphur, chlorine, dust and other pollutants to meet
required emission standards.
OPTIMAL COMBUSTION
A flexible process and optimal combustion is realised through intelligent
configuration of the furnace and the temperature control system in various
combustion zones. This is achieved by:
• Applying grate zones with independent control of primary air intake and
recirculating flue gasses, allowing the temperature in each grate zone to be

COMBUSTION
individually controlled.
• Gasifying the fuel on the grate. The flammable gas is combusted above the
fuel bed in three stages:

TECHNOLOGY
1. Just above the grate by injecting primary air under the grate.
2. Further above the grate by injecting secondary air. Flue gasses are in-
jected in order to control the temperature.
3. In the venturi – a highly turbulent zone – by adding tertiary air. In this way
the combustion temperature can raise up to 1000 °C so that complete
combustion occurs with very low CxHy, CO and NOx emissions.
• A robust moving floor, chain conveyor and feed-in system suitable for vari-
ous biomass fuels with particle size up to 15 cm.

Multi-fuel talent EXHAUST FLUE GASSES TO BOILER

Due to the zone-controlled combustion process the temperature of the grate is
kept low and the temperature in the second combustion phase is maintained
at a higher temperature. The low grate temperature allows a greater variety of 1000 °C
biomass fuels with low as melting point to be processed. This might include
BIOMASS INPUT
wood (with leaf), compost, straw, chaff and similar biomass waste products.

High efficiency with low emissions

The zone-controlled combustion process results in a high efficiency, complete TERTIARY AIR
combustion, with low emissions of CxHy, CO and NOx. The high efficiency is achieved
by minimising stack losses and keeping the flue gas flow low. The low flue gas flow
is achieved through optimal combustion that resulting in O2 concentrations of
3.5% to 5% in the flue gasses. SECONDARY AIR
850 °C
Minimal maintenance costs
The furnace concept has a positive effect on maintenance, in particular:
• Long grate lifetime due to low grate temperatures.
• Ash disposal system is insensitive to failure, due to a robust and wet chain 800 °C
conveyor. This system is robust and relatively insensitive to rocks, ash
agglomerates and other contaminants that may be present in the fuel.
• Fully automated ash disposal system. Ashes at the end of the grate, ash
falling through the grate and ash from the first phase flue gas cleaning
(multi-cyclone) are collected in the wet ash disposal system.
• The wet ash disposal system minimises the dust forming in the boiler
building. This has a positive effect on the life time of control systems and RECIRCULATED
electric drives. FLUE GASSES
PRIMARY AIR
High availability
HoSt installations have demonstrated practical availabilities between 92% and
94%, often with an availability of in excess of 8200 operating hours per year. This
high availability is achieved by:
• A robust design from moving floor and fuel conveyance through to the feed-
in system. Possible contaminations do not lead to downtime.
• A grate with low maintenance requirements due to low grate temperatures.
• An absence of horizontal combustion chambers results in no additional
cleaning stops due to dust accumulation, as opposed to boilers with
horizontal labyrinths where it is necessary.
• Optimizing the boiler for minimum fouling and by equipping the boiler with
an automatic cleaning system.
 BIOMASS
Cilindrical flame tube boiler
HoSt supplies cylindrical flame tube boilers. In this type of boiler the shell
is filled with water and the flue gasses flow through the flame tubes. For
FIRED
improved cleaning, the first part of the boiler is equipped with a radiation
section where the flue gasses are being cooled before they flow though
the flame tubes. The cooling in the radiation section prevents harsh and
hard to remove ash depositions in the flame tubes.
BOILERS
In addition, for regular cleaning the cylindrical boilers can be equipped with
compressed air soot blowers to minimise the number of production stops.

Horizontal cylindrical hot water boilers

Horizontal cylindrical boilers are cheaper. However, their disadvantage is
that more production time is lost for the stops required for cleaning.

For this reason HoSt prefers to supply vertical hot water boilers.

Vertical cylindrical hot water boilers

In the vertical hot water boilers the flue gasses initially flow downwards
through a radiation section. The flue gasses are reversed into vertical pipes
when they reach the bottom of the boiler. Due to the vertical orientation
the soot blowers clean the pipes more efficiently. In this configuration the
soot always falls vertically, in the flow direction or the opposite direction,
and is unable to deposit again which is a frequent issue with horizontal
flame tube boilers.

Cylindrical steam boilers

Horizontal cylindrical boilers are often used for steam production up to 32
bar as a cost saving measure. The flue gasses are first cooled in the radiation
cooler before they enter the flame tubes. At pressures up to 20 bar the
radiation cooler is integrated in the boiler. However for pressures in excess of
20 bar another radiation cooler, a larger room of membrane walls, is installed
before the boiler inlet.

Water tube steam boiler

In a water tube steam boiler, water flows through the pipes and the flue
gasses pass around the pipes. Water tube steam boilers are applied above
32 bar and with difficult fuels.

This type of boiler can be cleaned automatically and with ease. High
pressure steam is blown, with a lance, between the pipes to remove dust.
In this way the water tube bundles are cleaned thoroughly.

Difficult fuels with a lot of sodium and potassium, such as straw, chicken
manure and pulp, tend to deposit a harsh stone kind of deposition on the
pipes. Cleaning is therefore an important issue and a major advantage of
the water tube boiler.
ADVANTAGES OF HOST BOILERS
For specific fuels with a very low ash melting point (and with RDF), the
boiler is built in two sections. The first section is a cooled membrane • MINIMISED PRODUCTION STOPS
section; a radiation cooler. The flue gas with fly ash is cooled in this section
to prevent harsh stone-like ash deposits in the pipe bundles. The second • DESIGNED TO PREVENT FOULING
section is made from evaporator pipes. • EASY TO CLEAN
• COMPACT
• QUICK INSTALLATION
FLUE GAS
CLEANING
To complement the installation HoSt also supplies the flue gas cleaning
systems. HoSt is widely experienced with various flue gas cleaning systems
for installations fired with both clean fuels and waste stream fuels.

In accordance with local regulations

All systems are equipped in the first stage with a multi-cyclone filter to
remove dust. In the second stage the flue gas cleaning takes place. The
applied flue gas cleaning technique is strongly dependent on the type
of fuel and local emission regulations. The emission requirements often
determine the type of filtering system.

A flue gas condenser is applied when the dust emission requirement

is lower than 100mg/Nm3 and with clean fuels. An electrostatic filter
is applied till 20 mg/Nm3. A bag house filter is applied where stricter
requirements need to be met.

Chemical contaminations
An absorbent-injection is applied where chloride, sulphur or other
chemical contaminations need to be removed. An absorbent-injection is
always equipped in combination with a bag house filter. The absorbent,
bicarbonate or lime, is selected based on the desired cleaning
temperatures and concentrations of the chemicals. Active carbon can
also be dosed if required.
The type of flue gas cleaning system is wholly dependent
Low NOx emissions on dust emission requirements
A special combustion technique is applied in a HoSt installation that keeps
NOx emissions relatively low. However, if NOx emissions are high, should
there be high nitrogen concentrations in the fuel or if local emission Cleaning system Multi-cyclone Flue gas condenser Elektrostatic filter Bag house filter
requirements are strict, then we can provide additional measures as Maximum dust emission < 150 mg/Nm3 < 100 mg/Nm3 < 20 mg/Nm3 < 5 mg/Nm3
needed.

Urea-injection in the furnace can be applied to reduce the NOx emission

down to approximately 50%. If an even lower NOx emission is required,
then a de-NOx system is installed downstream to further reduce NOx
concentrations.
 1 - 10 MWe
3 - 25MWt
CHP
HoSt supplies biomass fired CHP installations of 1 MWe up to 10 MWe and
3 MWt up to 25 MWt. Installations greater than 6 MWe are built in two
combustion lines in combination with one larger efficient steam turbine. The

INSTALLATIONS advantage of the modular setup is that the boilers, with a width of 4.2 m, can
still be transported by road.

ADVANTAGES HOST CHP INSTALLATIONS

• High electrical efficiency obtained by a

high pressure water tube steam boiler in
combination with an efficient multi stage
steam turbine.

• 20% to 30% higher net electricity yield than

a comparable installation based on an ORC
(Organic Rankine Cycle). Achieved by a low
own electricity consumption and a high
boiler efficiency.

• High availability of the installations in excess

of 8200 running hours a year, equivalent to
an availability of 94%.

• Extra high electrical efficiency during the

summer due to a lower temperature of the
heating water, allowing the steam in the
turbine to expand further and therefore
generate more electricity.

• Fuel flexibility: from sawdust to wood

particles up to 15 cm, from moisture
contents of 10% to 55%, even suitable for
fuels with a low ash melting point.

• High availability and at the same time very

price competitive.

High efficiency 1300 THE EFFICIENCY MAKES THE DIFFERENCE

The electrical efficiency of a HoSt steam cycle is much higher than HoSt has the highest steam cycle efficiency when compared with
Net electricity generation [KWe]

1200
an ORC (Organic Rankine Cycle). The difference increases signifi- other suppliers due to:
Net electricity generation
cantly for installations above 1 MWe. Up to 40% more electricity • High pressure and temperature steam in combination with an 1100

can be generated by a steam cycle due to: efficient multi stage turbine and an optimized process integra- Winter Summer
1000
• 30% higher cycle efficiency. tion. STEAM 55 BAR Electricity generation 1 MWe 1 MWe
• Lower parasitic electrical consumption. The thermal oil pump of • Low stack losses due to a low flue gas flow, achieved by an inno- 900
Water temperature 90°C 65°C
an ORC consumes up to 10% of the generated electricity. vative combustion technology with a low oxygen surplus. STEAM 30 BAR
800 Furnace capacity 6,06 MWt 5,29 MWt
• Higher boiler efficiency due to a lower flue gas flow in combina- • Low parasitic energy consumption due to low pressure losses 700
ORC
Boiler capacity 5,29 MWt 4,61 MWt
tion with a lower stack temperature. in the system. Water temperature [°C] Steam production (55 bar, 475°C) 6,5 ton/u 5,7 ton/u
600
50 60 70 80
16-september-2016 EN

HoSt is the biggest supplier of biomass

energy systems in the Netherlands and one
of the biggest in Europe.

HoSt also designs and supplies:

• Biogas installations for sewage sludge,

food processing industry waste,
agricultural waste and manure.
• Biomass combustion installations.

In addition to our Headquarters located in Enschede, the Netherlands, HoSt

HoSt has a widespread network of offices and representatives. Thermen 10
7521 PS  Enschede
Bulgaria Poland The Netherlands
France Romania Tel: +31 (0)53 460 9080
Germany Russia info@host.nl
Ireland Croatia www.host.nl
Italy Ukraine
Latvia United Kingdom

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