Maths - Chapter 2 - Option 2

Sinhgad Technical Education Society’s
Sinhgad SpringDale Public school

Vadgaon, Pune
SUBJECT : MATHS
Std : VII
LESSON-2 FRACTIONS & DECIMALS
• Introduction
• We have learnt fractions and decimals in earlier classes. The
study of fractions included proper, improper and mixed
fractions as well as their addition and subtraction. we also
studied comparison of fractions, representation of fractions
on the number line and ordering of fractions.
• Our study of decimals included their comparison, their
representation on the number line and their addition and
subtraction. We will also learn multiplication and division of
fractions as well as of decimals.
• MULTIPLICATION OF FRACTION BY WHOLE NUMBER
• We know that multiplication means repeated addition.
• To multiply a fraction 3/10 by 3, we add 3/10 to itself 3 times.
• 3×3/10= 3/10+3/10+3/10=9/10
1
+ + =
• MULTIPLICATION OF FRACTION BY FRACTION
• To multiply a fraction by another fraction, we multiply the
numerator and denominator of the two fraction to get the
numerator and denominator of the product. For e.g. 2/3 × 4/5
=8/15
• To multiply a mixed fraction by a whole number or two mixed

fractions, convert the mixed fraction into an improper fraction
and then multiply.
• For e.g 1 1/6 × 2 1/5= 7/6×11/5 =77/30
• 5/3 × 3/2 =15/6

• DIVISION OF FRACTION :Here we are required to
divide a whole number by a fraction or a fraction by
another fraction.
• Division of whole number by a fraction
• Lets us find 1÷ ¼
• It means a whole number is divided such that each part is
equal to ¼ or quarter of whole.
• So 1 ÷ ¼ is also 1x 4/1 = 4
• Similarly 3÷ 1/3 is also 3 × 3/1 =9
• Division Of Fraction by a whole number
• To divide by a fraction by a whole number, multiply the
fraction by the reciprocal of the whole number.
• Lets us see how to divide 12/5 by 6
• 12/5 ÷6 = 12/5 ÷ 6/1 = 2/5
• Similarly 15/17÷9 = 15/17 x 1/9 =5/51

• DIVISION OF FRACTION BY A FRACTION
• To divide a fraction by another fraction, we multiply the
dividend fraction by the reciprocal of the divisor fraction.
• To divide 15/4 by 3/2 ,we multiply 15/4 by the reciprocal of
• 3/2 i.e. 2/3
• Hence, 15/4 ÷ 3/2 = 15/4 x 2/3 =15x2/4x3 =5/2
• Similarly 8/5 ÷ 2/3 =8/5 x reciprocal of 2/3
• 8/5 x 3/2 =12/5
DECIMALS
• DECIMALS: we have studied about decimals .A decimal has a two

parts- the whole number part and the decimal part. The part on the
left hand side is the whole number part and the part on the right
side is the decimal part. For e.g.72.09.
• Here 72 is the whole number and 09 is the decimal part.
• MULTIPLICATION OF DECIMAL NUMBERS BY A WHOLE NUMBER:

• First multiply the decimal no. without decimal point by the whole
no.
• Then, put the decimal point in the product leaving as many decimal
places from the right as there are i n t he given decimal no.
• For e. g. 6.34 x 10 = 63.4
Multiplication of two decimal numbers
• First multiply the decimal numbers without decimal points.

• Then put the decimal point in the product leaving as many
decimal places from the right as the sum of the decimal
places in the given decimal number.
• For e.g. 3.14 x 1.1
• Ignoring the decimal points we get,314 and 11
• Now multiply 314 with 11 we get 3453
• Hence in 3.14 we have 2 decimal places and in 1.1 we have 1
decimal place so total 3 decimal places.
• So we put the decimal point in the product such that there
are 3 decimal places in the product.
• Therefore 3.14 x 1.1 = 3.454
MULTIPLICATION OF DECIMAL BY 10,100,1000
• When a decimal number is multiplied by 10,100,1000 the digits in

the product are same as in the decimal number but the decimal
point in the product is shifted to the right by as, many of places as
there are zeros over one. Based on this we have some egs.
• a) 6.34 x 10 In 10 there is one zero, so we shift the decimal point
by one place to the right.
• Hence 6.34 x 10 = 63.4
• b) 5.2 x 100 In 100 there are two zeros , so we shift the decimal
point by two places to the right.
• Hence 5.2 x 100 =5.2 x 100 =520.0
• C) similarly we have 6.5274 x 1000 =6527.4
DIVISION OF DECIMAL NUMBER BY WHOLE
NUMBER
• To divide a decimal by a whole number first remove a
decimal point from a given dividend by writing
10,100,1000 in the denominator.
• Then divide the number by the whole number and put
the decimal point to the denominator.
• For e.g. a) 15.4 ÷ 2
• 15.4 = 154/10 (removing the decimal point)
• S0 154/10 ÷ 2 = 154/10 x ½ =1/10 x 77 = 7.7
• Similarly we have 812.67 ÷50
• 81267/100 ÷50 = 81267/100 x 1/50
• = 81267/5 = 16253.4
DIVISION OF DECIMAL BY 10,100,100
• a) When we divide a decimal number by 10,the decimal

point is shifted to the left by one place.
• b) When WE divide a decimal number by 100, the
decimal point is shifted to the left by two place.
• c) When we divide a decimal number by 1000,the
decimal point is shifted to the left by three place.
• A) 12.87 ÷10 In 10 there is one zero. So we shift the
decimal point by one place to the left.
• Hence 12.87 ÷ 10 = 1.287
• B) 0.5 ÷ 100 In 100 there are two zeros.So we shift the
decimal point by two place to the left.
• Hence o.5 ÷100 = 0.005
ASSIGNEMENT
• Q1 ) Solve: a) 4 + 7/8 b)9/11 – 4/15 c)8 ½ - 3 5/8

• d) 2- 3/5
• Q2)A rectangular sheet of paper is 12 ½ cm long and 10 2/3 cm long wide.
Find its perimeter.
• Q3)Multiply and reduce to lowest form and to mixed fraction.
• a) 5x 2/9 b)13 x 1/3 c)11 x 4/7 d)2/3 x 4
• Q4) Find: ½ of a) 24 b)46 2/3 of a)18 b)27
• Q5) A car runs 16 km using 1 litre of petrol. How much distance will it
cover using 2 ¾ litres of petrol.
• Q6)Which is greater?
• a) 0.5 0r 0.05 b)2.03 or 2.30 c) 1.37 0r 1.49
• Q7)Write the following decimal numbers in expanded form:
• a ) 20.03 b)21.37 c)10.25 d)9.42 e) 2.0334
• Q8) How much less is 28 km than 42.6 km?
• Q9)Find: a)0.2 x 6 b) 211.04 x 4 c)0.1 x 51.7 d)1.07 x 0.02
ASSIGNMENT
e)10.05 x 1.05 f)0.9 x 100 g)0.03 x 1000

Q10)a two wheeler covers a distance of 55.3 km in one litre
of petrol. How much distance will it cover in 10 litres of
petrol?
Q11)Find : a) 0.35÷5 b)3.96÷4 c)33.1÷10 d)98.53÷100
e) 0.5÷1000 f)2.73 ÷1.3 g)76.5 ÷0.15 h)128.6 ÷1000
Q12)Each side of a regular polygon is 2.5 cm in length. The
perimeter of the polygon is 12.5cm.How many sides does the
polygon have?

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Sinhgad Technical Education Society’s

Sinhgad SpringDale Public school

• To multiply a mixed fraction by a whole number or two mixed

• 5/3 × 3/2 =15/6

• Similarly 15/17÷9 = 15/17 x 1/9 =5/51

• DECIMALS: we have studied about decimals .A decimal has a two

• MULTIPLICATION OF DECIMAL NUMBERS BY A WHOLE NUMBER:

• First multiply the decimal numbers without decimal points.

• When a decimal number is multiplied by 10,100,1000 the digits in

• a) When we divide a decimal number by 10,the decimal

• Q1 ) Solve: a) 4 + 7/8 b)9/11 – 4/15 c)8 ½ - 3 5/8

e)10.05 x 1.05 f)0.9 x 100 g)0.03 x 1000

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