Kazakh – British Technical University

Send a SINGLE .pdf file to: ilyasrgu15@gmail.com

Advanced Well Testing

Exam
Due: Saturday 22 Feb 2020
for Distance learners Saturday 29 Feb 2020 by Midnight (23:59:59)

This examination work was fully done by me

without any assistance.

Name:_________________________________

Signature_______________________________
Notes:

— You MUST submit this assignment in a SINGLE .pdf file Adv_well_test_Exam_2020_YOURLASTNAME.pdf) to

ilyasrgu15@gmail.com
— You MUST perform all work BY HAND using a DARK LEAD PENCIL.
— You MUST ensure that all pages are correctly ordered and scanned legibly. (poorly constructed/assembled work
will not be graded)
— This assignment is an EXAMINATION, submit only your best work!

You must show ALL work — specifically:

— YOU MUST SHOW ALL DETAILS IN YOUR CALCULATIONS (no skipped steps) — all portions of all analysis
relations must be shown.
— YOU MUST SHOW ALL UNITS IN EACH CALCULATION.
● Work layout: (as appropriate for a given problem)
— NEATNESS: You will be graded on the neatness of your work — you are to use a dark lead pencil; all changes
must be fully erased (no scratch-outs).
— LABELS: All work, trends, and features on every plot MUST be appropriately labeled — no exceptions.
■ Work: All work must be fully labeled and documented — equations, relations, calculations, etc.
■ Trends: This includes the slope, intercept, and the information used to construct a given trend.
■ Features: Any description of features/points of interest on a given trend (specific times/pressures, flow
regimes, etc.).
— LINES: Use appropriate drafting care in construction of lines, trends, arrows, etc.
— SKETCHING: Take great care in any sketches you create/use in your work.
ALL PLOTS THAT YOU WILL DRAW MUST BE FULLY LABELED
EXAMPLE:

1
 Kazakh – British Technical University

Problem#1 (10 points)

Given a reservoir with the following properties:

qo = 250 STB/D
Bo = 1.25 RB/STB
ct = 6·10-6 1/psi
μo = 0.75 cP
k= 0.025 Darcy
h= 60 ft
f= 20 %
Pi = 3500 psia
rw = 9 in
re = 3000 ft
s= 5
a. Calculate the time at which the Ei function solution first becomes valid.
b. Calculate the time after which the Ei function solution is no longer valid.
c. Calculate and plot the pressure as a function of position on semilog graph paper at t= 100 hours using the Ei
function solution (or its logarithmic approximation) for
r = 0.25 ft, r= 1 ft, r=2 ft, r = 10 ft, r = 20 ft, r= 50 ft, r= 100 ft, r=200 ft, r = 500 ft, r = 1000 ft, r = 2000 ft, r =
3000 ft.
Use the log approximation only if it is valid.
d. Calculate the additional pressure drop due to the skin factor.

70.6qBµ   948fµ ct r 2  
pwf =
pi +  Ei  −  − 2 s 
kh   kt  
3.975 ⋅105 fµ ct rw 2 948fµ ct re 2
≤t ≤
kt kt
if x  0.01 then use
70.6qBµ  1688fµ ct r 2  
pwf =
pi +  
ln  − 2 s 
kh   kt  
141.2qBµ
∆Ps = s
kh

2
 Kazakh – British Technical University
Problem#2 (10 points)
2. Given a reservoir with the following properties:

qo = 50 STB/D
Bo = 1.25 RB/STB
ct = 10·10-6 1/psi
μo = 0.15 cP
k= 0.005 Darcy
h= 20 ft
f= 20 %
Pi = 5500 psia
rw = 0.25 ft
re = 1000 ft
s= 4.5

a) Calculate the time at which the Ei function solution first becomes valid.
b) Calculate the time after which the Ei function solution is no longer valid.
d) Calculate and plot the pressure as a function of time on semilog graph paper (pressure on linear axis, time on
log axis) at r = 10 ft using the Ei solution (or its log approximation) for t = 0.0001, 0.0003, 0.001, 0.002, 0.005,
0.01, 0.02, 0.05, 0.1, 0.3, 1, 3, 10, 30 hours. Use the log approximation only if it is valid.
e) Calculate the additional pressure drop due to the skin factor.

Problem#3 (15 points)

Given the rock and fluid properties, analyze the pressure drawdown test data

t, hr Pwf, psia t, hr Pwf, psia

0.001 2748.95 0.882 2222.09
0.0021 2745.62 0.993 2196.92 q= 125 STB/D
0.0034 2744.63 1.118 2170.7 h= 32 ft
0.0048 2745.49 1.259 2148.33 f= 22 %
0.0064 2741.7 1.417 2126.44 Bo = 1.152 RB/STB
0.0082 2742 1.595 2108.5 Pi = 2750 psi
0.0102 2736.69 1.795 2090.87 ct = 1.09E-05 1/psi
0.0125 2737.26 2.021 2080.73 rw = 0.25 ft
0.0151 2733.72 2.275 2066.59 μo = 2.122 cP
0.018 2729.13 2.56 2054.29
0.0212 2724.23 2.881 2048.25
0.0249 2720.57 3.242 2039.49
0.029 2715.83 3.648 2035.32
0.0336 2710.7 4.105 2029.91
0.0388 2706.63 4.619 2025.01
0.0447 2698.17 5.198 2018.87
0.0512 2692.75 5.848 2016.4
0.0587 2684.56 6.58 2011.11
0.067 2676.82 7.404 2007.46
0.0764 2665.33 8.331 2003.24
0.0869 2655.67 9.373 2000.53
0.0988 2642.29 10.545 1995.75
0.1121 2627.5 11.865 1991.15
0.1271 2614.76 13.349 1988.67
3
 Kazakh – British Technical University
0.144 2598.79 15.018 1984.74
0.163 2582.16 16.897 1979.34
0.1844 2564.54 19.01 1981.14
0.208 2545.27 21.387 1973.78
0.236 2523.21 24.061 1970.58
0.266 2501.07 27.07 1967.59
0.3 2475.93 30.455 1965.5
0.339 2451.83 34.262 1961.64
0.382 2422.8 38.546 1957.61
0.431 2397.61 43.366 1955.9
0.486 2367.5 48.787 1951.21
0.547 2338.18 54.787 1949.05
0.617 2309.21 60.787 1945.7
0.695 2277.84 66.787 1942.51
0.783 2251.46 72 1941.14

1. Graph the flowing bottomhole pressure, pwf , vs. the test time, t, on a semilog scale.
2. Identify data in IARF. The early data appear to be distorted by wellbore storage. The data toward the end of the
test appear to fall on a straight line, so we select this data for analysis.
3. Draw a straight line through the selected data, and find the slope m and intercept p1hr. Reading two points on
the straight line (as far apart as possible for best accuracy), we find the slope m to be
4. Calculate the permeability k from the slope m using
5. Calculate the skin factor s from the slope m and the intercept p1hr

162.6qBm
k=
mh
p −p  k  
s = 1.151  i 1hr − log   + 3.23 
 m  φm0 ct rw2  
 

Problem#4 (25 points)

Buildup Analysis, Horner Method

t, hr Pwf, psia t, hr Pwf, psia t, hr Pwf, psia

0 2605.93 0.1844 2849.77 4.619 2970.5 q= 100 STB/D
0.001 2610.68 0.2085 2857.15 5.198 2973.92 h= 25 ft
0.0021 2615.82 0.2355 2864.01 5.848 2977.3 f= 0.2 %
0.0034 2621.38 0.266 2870.4 6.581 2980.65 Bo = 1.17 RB/STB
0.0048 2627.4 0.3002 2876.36 7.404 2983.97 Pi = 2750 psi
0.0064 2633.91 0.3387 2881.96 8.331 2987.24 ct = 1.02E-05 1/psi
0.0082 2640.91 0.3821 2887.24 9.373 2990.48 rw = 0.25 ft
0.0102 2648.43 0.4308 2892.26 10.55 2993.66 μo = 2.24 cP
0.0125 2656.46 0.4857 2897.05 11.87 2996.79 A= 40 acres
0.0151 2665.02 0.5474 2901.66 13.35 2999.87
0.018 2674.09 0.6168 2906.11 15.02 3002.89
0.0212 2683.65 0.6949 2910.42 16.9 3005.84
0.0249 2693.68 0.7828 2914.63 19.01 3008.71
0.029 2704.12 0.8816 2918.73 21.39 3011.5
0.0336 2714.93 0.9928 2922.76 24.06 3014.19
0.0388 2726.04 1.118 2926.71 27.07 3016.78

4
 Kazakh – British Technical University
0.0447 2737.36 1.259 2930.6 30.46 3019.25
0.0512 2748.81 1.417 2934.43 34.26 3021.59
0.0587 2760.29 1.595 2938.21 38.55 3023.78
0.067 2771.7 1.796 2941.94 43.37 3025.8
0.0764 2782.94 2.021 2945.64 48.79 3027.65
0.0869 2793.89 2.275 2949.29 54.79 3029.27
0.0988 2804.48 2.56 2952.91 60.79 3030.55
0.1121 2814.62 2.881 2956.49 66.79 3031.56
0.1271 2824.25 3.242 2960.04 72 3032.27
0.144 2833.33 3.648 2963.56
0.163 2841.84 4.105 2967.04

Buildup Analysis, Horner Method. We follow the recommended procedure for analyzing a buildup test following
a constant-rate flow period using the Horner method.

1. Graph the shut-in bottomhole pressure, pws, vs. the HTR, (tp+dt)/dt, on a semilog scale.
2. Identify the data exhibiting IARF. The early data are typical for a well that has been stimulated. The data
toward the end of the test appear to fall on a semilog straight line, so we tentatively identify the data at the end of
the test as being in IARF.
3. Draw a straight line through the selected data, and find the slope m. To calculate the slope, we need two points
on the straight line. Best accuracy is obtained if the two points are as far apart as possible.
Estimating Average Drainage-Area Pressure using the MBH methods.
1. Using the Horner method, we find the, the permeability and the extrapolated pressure p*
2. Calculate the dimensionless producing time tpAD as
3. Using the MBH pressure chart and curve for the appropriate drainage-area shape and well location, read the
MBH dimensionless pressure function p t MBHD p AD from the curve at tp AD.

For reference use “ Advanced Reservoi Engineering” (Tarek Ahmed) for MBH method look at pages 74-75
For buildup test look at page 68

Problem#5 (40 points)

dt Pws dp'
0.001 4405.47 — qo = 150 STB/D
0.0013 4405.67 0.837 h= 50 ft
0.0018 4405.94 1.11 f= 0.2
0.0023 4406.3 1.47 Bo = 1.5
0.0031 4406.77 1.946 Pi = psi
0.0041 4407.4 2.576 ct = 5.00E-05 1/psi
0.0054 4408.22 3.408 rw = 0.33 ft
0.0072 4409.32 4.506 mo = 0.5 cP
0.0095 4410.76 5.952 tp = 1000 hr
0.0126 4412.67 7.854 Pwf = 4404.85 psi
0.0168 4415.19 10.346
0.0222 4418.51 13.601
0.0295 4422.86 17.838
0.0391 4428.57 23.311
5
 Kazakh – British Technical University
0.0518 4436.01 30.328
0.0687 4445.67 39.226
0.091 4458.12 50.346
0.1207 4474.05 63.974
0.16 4494.19 80.241
0.2121 4519.29 98.968
0.2812 4549.99 119.458
0.3728 4586.64 140.274
0.4942 4629.06 159.081
0.6551 4676.3 172.74
0.8685 4726.4 177.81
1.1514 4776.48 171.6025
1.5264 4823.06 153.5276
2.0236 4862.92 126.0555
2.6827 4894 94.42601
3.5565 4916.03 64.79943
4.7149 4930.42 41.74798
6.2506 4939.46 26.72772
8.2864 4945.4 18.44931
10.9854 4949.78 14.49056
14.5635 4953.48 12.74449
19.307 4956.87 11.95039
25.5955 4960.09 11.5329
33.9322 4963.21 11.27472
44.9843 4966.24 11.09827
59.6362 4969.19 10.97205
79.0604 4972.07 10.8799
104.8113 4974.88 10.81172
138.9496 4977.59 10.76086
184.207 4980.2 10.72266
244.2053 4982.69 10.69367
323.7458 4985.04 10.67153
429.1934 4987.23 10.65449
568.9866 4989.23 10.64122
754.312 4991.05 10.63081
1000 4992.65 —

1.For this buildup case calculate K, S, C, CD using type curve analysis.

2.Check the results with conventional Horner method. Show all calculations.
3. Also you are to calculate parameters using pressure and its derivative without using type curve.
4. You may plot all the plots using MS Excel BUT all calculations and steps MUST be done only by hand
and pencil.
For drawdown-test analysis, the plotting functions as  p= pi − pwf (or equivalent) and t = t - flow time
pws − pwf ( t =
(or equivalent). For buildup-test analysis, the plotting function are defined as  p = 0 ) (or
equivalent) and =
t t= t (or equivalent).
θ tp

6
 Kazakh – British Technical University

Flow Test
Semilog graph variables pwf vs.t
Permeability from slope, m, of 162.6q0 B0 m0
semilog straight line k=
mh
Skin- factor calculation p −p  k  
s = 1.151  i 1hr − log   + 3.23 
 m  φm0 ct rw2  
 
Buildup Test
Semilog graph variables pws vs.(t p +t ) /t
Permeability from slope, m, of 162.6q0 B0 m0
semilog straight line k=
mh
Skin- factor calculation  p1hr − pwf  k  
=
s 1.151  − log  2 
+ 3.23
 m  fm0ct rw  
∗
Definition of pMBH , D kh( p − p )
70.6q0 B0 µ0

 
0.0372q0 B0  t  141.2q0 µ0  pD  0.0002637k  t 
CD = k=   =
φµ0 ct rw2  t D 
C
φ hct rw2   p USL   p  MP
D
h
 CD  MP

7
Kazakh – British Technical University

8
Kazakh – British Technical University

9
Kazakh – British Technical University

10