No Experiment Reagent Function of Reaction

tittle/ Used Reagent

subtittle
1. Molish Test Molish To test the  Sucrose
reagent presence of HO
HO

carbohydrate OH
CH2OH
OH
O CH2OH
compound in O H2O, H+
H H
H
O
OH
H +
sample HO
O O OH
Kalor
OH
OH
OH H CH2OH
OH H
H OH
HO OH
Concenrated To avoid and OH Glukosa Fruktosa
H2SO4 form hydrolysis Sukrosa
or break down Step 1
disaccharide CH2OH

molecules into H O H

monosaccharides OH
OH H
OH
H2O,
and H OH

polysaccharides
into disaccharides OH

HO O
C O C
H2 H +2
+ 3H2O

OH

HO O
C O C
H2 H +2

HO
C
H2

HO2S SO2H

→ OH

Kompleks berwarna ungu

 Glucose
CH2OH
H O H

OH H H2O,
OH OH
H OH
HO O
C O C
H2 H +2

OH

+ 3H2O

HO O
C O C
H2 H +2

OH

HO
C
H2

HO2S SO2H

OH

Kompleks berwarna ungu

 Amylum
Step 1: Hydrolisis amylum to
glucose

Step 2:
CH2OH CH2OH

H O H H O H

OH H OH H
O O O

H OH H OH
n
 CH2OH
H O H

OH H
OH OH
H2SO4, H2O
H OH n

CH2OH
H O H

OH H H2O,
OH OH
H OH

HO O
C O C
H2 H +2

OH

+ 3H2O
OH

HO O
C O C
H2 H +2

HO
C
H2

HO2S SO2H

→ OH

Kompleks berwarna ungu

2. Seliwanoff Seliwanoff To distinguish  Amylum

Test reagent between alldose CH2OH CH2OH

and ketose sugar H

H
O H H
H
O H

OH H OH H
*O O O
H OH H OH
n

amilum

 Glucose
 CH2OH

H O H

OH H
OH OH

H OH

Glukosa

 Lactose
CH2OH CH2OH
H O O H
O
OH H OH H
OH OH
H OH H OH

3. Barfoed Test Barfoed To differentiate  Amylum

reagent monosaccharides
CH2OH
and disaccharides CH2OH
O H
H O H H
from the samples H H + 2Cu2+ + 2H2O
OH H OH H
*O O O
H OH H OH
n

amilum

 Glucose
CH2OH CH2OH

H O H O
H2O
OH H OH C H + 2Cu2+ + 2H O
2
OH OH OH
H OH OH

Glukosa CH2OH

COO-
+ Cu2O
OH
OH Endapan
merah bata
OH

 Lactose
CH2OH CH2OH
OH
O O O

OH OH + 2Cu2+ + 2H2O

OH
OH OH

Laktosa

4. Tollens Test Tollens To differentiate  Sucrose

reagent reduction sugar
and non-reduction
sugar
 HO
HO
OH

O O OH
HO

HO OH
glucose fructose
OH
sucrose

CH2OH

[Ag(NH3)2]+ OH

CO2-
OH + Ag

OH

OH

 Amylum
[Ag(NH3)2]+

+ Ag(NH3)2OH (aq) ↛
Silver mirror
(aq) ↛

 Lactose
CH2OH

O OH

CH2OH OH

OH O OH

OH
OH
H2O
OH

CH2OH
CH2OH

O O

HO CH
OH
OH
O
OH

OH
OH

CH2OH

OH

COO-
OH

OH

+ Ag (s) (aq)
OH
↓ Silver mirror

 Glucose
 CH2OH

O
H2O
OH

OH OH

OH
+ Ag (s)

CH2OH

OH

COO-
OH

OH

OH (aq)
CH2OH

OH

COO-
OH

OH

OH

+ Ag (s) silver mirror

NaOH To form a brown 2 AgNO3 (aq) + 2 NaOH (aq) →

solution
silver precipitate. Ag2O (s) + 2 NaNO3 (aq) + H2O(l)
(brown precipitate)
NH4OH To dissolve the Ag2O (s) + 2 NH4OH (aq) →
solution silver oxide
2Ag(NH3)2OH (aq)
precipitate by
forming a
complex
compound or
oxidizing the
Ag2O compound
5. Fehling Test Fehling To test the  Fructose
reagent presence of O OH HO
reducing sugars in
the sample
OH

HO OH
+ (aq) +
Cu2+ →
 CH2OH

OH

OH COO-

OH

OH (aq) + Cu2O(s)
(brick
red)
 Lactose
HO

O
OH
OH O

O OH
OH HO

OH

OH
(aq) +
2Cu2+ →

CH2OH
OH

CH2OH OH COO-

OH O O
OH
OH

OH +
Cu2O(s)
(Brick red)
 Glucose

OH
6. Sucrose HCl solution To break down HO

hydrolysis sucrose into OH

glucose and O

fructose HO O
O
OH

HO OH
H2 O
OH
H+, OH-
 CH2OH
H O H

OH H
OH OH
H OH +

CH2OH OH
O
H OH
H CH2OH
OH H
Benedict To test for  Glucose
reagent sucrose with a HO OH HO
brick red
precipitate
O

OH
OH
(aq) +
Cu2+ (aq) →
CH2OH

OH

OH COO-

OH

OH +
(aq) + Cu2O (s)
 Fructose
O OH HO

OH

HO OH
(aq) +
Cu2+ →
CH2OH

OH

OH COO-

OH

OH (aq) + Cu2O (s)

Seliwanof To test for ketosa CH2OH
O
OH
reagent groups H OH
H CH2OH 3H2O, H+
OH H
 HO O
C O C
H2 H

7. Hidrolisis Iodine To identify CH2OH CH2OH

O H
H O H H
pati hydrolyzed starch OH H OH H

or not O O O

H OH H OH

+ n I2 →
CH2OH CH2OH
I H H I
O H H O
I
O OH H OH H O
O
H OH H OH

n + 2 H2O (l)
tidak terhidrolisis
CH2OH
H O H

OH H
OH OH
H OH + I2
Terhidrolisis
CH2OH
Benedict To test for O
H H
reagent sucrose with a H
OH
brick red OH OH
precipitate H OH + Cu2+ (aq) →
CH2OH

OH

OH COO-

OH

OH (aq) + Cu2O (s)

+ 3H2O (l)