2004

SECTION-1
1. Design and detail the wall for a cylindrical water tank of internal
diameter 22m and a wall depth of 6m, for
(i) An RCC tank with a sliding base. Use M25 concrete and Fe415
steel. Consider permissible hoop stress in concrete 1.2N/mm2, and
permissible tensile stress in steel -150N/mm2
(ii)A prestressed concrete tank with a sliding base,
(iii)A prestressed concrete tank with a fixed base.
Data: The permissible compressive stress in concrete at transfer is
14N/mm2 and the minimum required compressive stress under
working pressure is 1.1 N/mm2. The less ratio is 0.8. Wires of
5mm diameter with an initial stress of 1100N/mm2 are available for
circumferential winding and Freyssinet cables made up of 12 wires
of 8mm diameter stressed to 1200 N/mm2 are to be used for
vertical prestressing. Use approximate method to analyze the tank.
Concrete grade M40, and fy –prestressing steel of ultimate strength
=1500 N/mm2. Also determine the load factor against collapse and
factor of safety against cracking.
2. (a) A rectangular concrete beam of cross section 150mm wide and
300mm deep is simply supported over a span of 8m and is
prestressed by means of a symmetrical parabolic cable, at a
distance of 75mm from the bottom of the beam at mid-span and
125mm from the top of the beam at the support sections. The
initial force in the cable is 350kN. The beam supports 3
concentrated loads of 10kN each at interval of 2m each.
Ec=38kN/mm2 , calculate (i)Neglecting losses, estimate the short
term deflection due to prestress and self weight, and (ii)Allowing
 for 20 percent loss in prestress, estimate the long term deflection
assuming creep co-efficient as 1.8.
(b) A post tensioned cable of beam 10m long is initially tensioned
to a stress of 1000 N/mm2 at one end. If the tendons are curved so
that the slope is 1 in 1.5 at each with and area of 600mm 2, calculate
the loss of prestress due to friction given the following data:
Co-efficient of friction between duct and cable=0.55
Friction co-efficient for wave effect=0.0015/m
During anchoring if there is a slip of 3mm at the jacking end,
calculate the final force in the cable and percentage loss of
prestress due to friction and slip.
3. A post tensioned roof girder carrying LL=9kN/m and DL=2kN/m
excluding its own weight spans 30m and has the 1300mm deep I
section with top flange 600mm width and 250mm average
thickness, 150mm width of the web, bottom flange 350mm width
and 300mm average thickness. The permissible compressive stress
at transfer and working loads are 17.5 N/mm2 and 16.5 N/mm2
respectively. Tension in the section is not permitted. Check the
adequacy of the section. Use M50 concrete and 12nos. 8mm wire
having a characteristic strength of 1500N/mm2. Determine the
required prestress and corresponding eccentricity. Check the
section for limit moment.
OR
3. Design a post tensioned prestressed concrete two-way continuous
slab for two panels 6m x 9m with one short edge continuous. It has
to support an imposed load of 3kN/mm2. Cables of four wires of
5mm diameter carrying an effective force of 80kN are available for
use. Design the spacing of cables in two directions and check the
safety of the cables for slab against collapse. Assume permissible
 compressive stress in concrete=15 N/mm2, tension in the section is
not permitted. Consider fck=40 N/mm2, fy=1600 N/mm2.
SECTION-2
4. (a) What is the difference between 43 grade OPC and 53 grade
OPC? What constituents helps to make higher grade of concrete?
What is the implication of higher grade cement on strength and
durability of concrete?
(b) Outline the salient features of manufacturing cement by
precalciner technology and explain its advantages over traditional
manufacturing process.
(c ) Write short notes on ‘soundness of cement’.
5. Write short notes on any four.
(i) High performance concrete
(ii) Water reducing admixture
(iii) Ultrasonic pulse velocity test technique and its application to
earthquake affected RCC frame.
(iv) Bleeding and segregation
(v) Portland Pozzolana Cement
6. (a) Define durability and discuss the factors affecting durability.
(b) Describe the factors which control the strength of concrete.
Describe any strength test recommended by IS codes.
OR
6. (a) Write short note on any three.
(i) Creep in concrete
(ii) Secant modulus
(iii) High alumina cement
(iv) Maturity concept in concrete
(b) What is mix design? What is its concept? Compare the IS
method with ACI method.
 2003
SECTION-1

1. (a) A prestressed concrete T-beam is to be designed to support an

imposed load of 4.4kN/m over an effective span of 5m. The T-
beam is made up of a flange 400mm wide and 40mm thick. The rib
is 100m wide and 200mm deep. The stress in the concrete must not
exceed 15N/mm2 in the compression and zero in tension at any
stage. Check the adequacy of the section provided, and calculate
the minimum prestressing force necessary and the corresponding
eccentricity.
(b) A 10 m simply supported beam of cross section 500mm wide
and 800mm deep carries uniformly distributed load ‘w’, the beam
is prestressed by parabolic cable with 1200kN force having
eccentricity zero at ends and 200mm at mid-span. (i) Calculate the
value of ‘w’ such that there is no bending stresses on the beam. (ii)
If the load is 9.6kN/m and the beam carries a point load of 200kN
at mid-span, determine the stresses at mid-span. Neglect the weight
of the beam.
2. (a) Design and detail a 17m diameter, 5m high water tank with
fixed base with the following data:
Permissible stress at transfer - 12N/mm2
Minimum prestress required at all times - 0.8N/mm2
Loss ratio - 0.78
For a circular prestressing use 7mm wires at the initial prestress of
1100N/mm2
For the vertical prestressing, cables of 12 wires of 5mm diameter
stressed to 1100N/mm2 are to be used. (Refer table 16.2 and 16.3)
(b) Explain briefly the construction procedure for a prestressed
tank wall.
3. (a) A prestressed concrete beam 200mm wide and 300mm deep is
prestressed with wires (area=320mm2) located at a constant
eccentricity of 50mm and carrying an initial stress of 1000N/mm 2.
The span of the beam is 10m. Calculate the percentage loss of
stress in wires if (i)The beam is pre-tensioned, and (ii)The beam is
post-tensioned, using following data:
Es=210kN/mm2, and Ec=35kN/mm2
Relaxation of steel stress=5 percent of the initial stress
Shrinkage of concrete=300 x 10-6 for pre-tensioning and 200 x 10-
6 post-tensioning.
Creep co-efficient=1.6, Slip at anchorage=1mm
Frictional co-efficient for wave effect=0.0015 per m.
(b) Explain
(i)Effect of prestressing force in shear design.
(ii) Freyssinet anchorage system.
OR
3. (a) A pre tensioned beam of rectangular section 400mm wide by
550mm deep has an effective prestressing force of 500kN at an
eccentricity of 150mm provided by 5 numbers of 12.5mm strands
of cross sectional area 506mm2, with an ultimate tensile strength of
1820N/mm2, and cube strength of concrete is 40N/mm2. Determine
the ultimate moment capacity of the beam.
(b) The support section of a prestressed concrete beam 100mm
wide and 250mm deep is required to support an ultimate shear
force of 90kN. The characteristic cube strength of concrete is
40N/mm2. The compressive strength at the centroidal axis is
5N/mm2. If the characteristic tensile strength of steel in stirrup is
250N/mm2. Design suitable reinforcement at the section.
SECTION-2
4. (a) What is the difference between 43 grade OPC and 53 OPC?
Which constitute help to make higher grade of cement? What is the
implication of higher grade cement on strength and durability of
concrete?
(b) Outline the salient features of manufacturing cement by
precalciner technology and explain its advantage over traditional
manufacturing process.
(c) ‘Recommending sulphate resisting cement for structures in
marine environment is dangerous to concrete durability’-Justify the
statement. What type of cement would you recommend for coastal
structures? Give reasons.
5. Write short notes on any four:
(1) High strength concrete
(2) Cracks in concrete and measures for controlling cracks.
(3) Ultrasonic pulse velocity test technique and its application to
earthquake affected RCC frame.
(4) Shrinkage in concrete.
(5) Portland Pozzolana Cement
6. (a) Define workability and explain its role with regards to strength
and durability. Discuss factors affecting workability and use of
water reducing agents.
(b) Describe the factors which control the strength of concrete.
Describe any strength test recommended by IS codes.
OR
6. (a)Write short note on any three.
(1) Creep in concrete
(2) Secant modulus
(3) High alumina cement
(4) Maturity concept in concrete
 (b) What is fly ash? Why is it considered useful in making concrete
with 10 to 35% replacement of cement? How does it affect
workability, early strength, 28 and 56 days strength, heat of
hydration and so on?

Table 16.2
Moments in Cylindrical walls-Fixed base free at top (IS:3370-PART IV)
Moment Mw = (Co-efficient) x (wH3) kNm/m
Positive sign indicates tension at the outside face
Coefficients at point
H2/Dt
0.1H 0.2H 0.3H 0.4H 0.5H 0.6H 0.7H 0.8H 0.9H 1.0H
+0.001 +0.002 +0.000
0.4 +0.0005 -0.0042 -0.0150 -0.0302 -0.0529 -0.0816 -0.1205
4 1 7
+0.003 +0.006 +0.008 +0.007 +0.002
0.8 +0.0011 -0.0068 -0.0024 -0.0465 -0.0795
7 3 0 0 3
+0.004 +0.007 +0.010 +0.011 +0.009 +0.002
1.2 +0.0012 -0.0108 -0.0311 -0.0602
2 7 3 2 0 2
+0.004 +0.007 +0.010 +0.012 +0.011 +0.005
1.6 +0.0011 -0.0051 -0.0232 -0.0505
1 5 7 1 1 8
+0.003 +0.006 +0.009 +0.012 +0.011 +0.007
2.0 +0.0010 -0.0021 -0.0185 -0.0436
5 8 9 0 5 5
+0.002 +0.004 +0.007 +0.009 +0.009 +0.007 +0.001
3.0 +0.0006 -0.0119 -0.0333
4 7 1 0 7 7 2
+0.001 +0.002 +0.004 +0.006 +0.007 +0.006 +0.002
4.0 +0.0003 -0.0080 -0.0268
5 8 7 6 7 9 3
+0.000 +0.001 +0.002 +0.004 +0.005 +0.005 +0.002
5.0 +0.0002 -0.0058 -0.0222
8 6 9 6 9 9 8
+0.000 +0.000 +0.001 +0.003 +0.004 +0.005 +0.002
6.0 +0.0001 -0.0041 -0.0187
3 8 9 2 6 1 9
+0.000 +0.000 +0.000 +0.001 +0.002 +0.003 +0.002
8.0 0.0000 -0.0022 -0.0146
1 2 8 6 8 8 9
+0.000 +0.000 +0.000 +0.000 +0.001 +0.002 +0.002
10.0 0.0000 -0.0012 -0.0122
0 1 4 7 9 9 8
+0.000 +0.000 +0.000 +0.001 +0.002 +0.002
12.0 0.0000 -0.0001 -0.0005 -0.0104
1 2 3 3 3 6
+0.000 +0.000 +0.001 +0.002
14.0 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 -0.0001 -0.0090
1 8 9 3
+0.000 +0.001 +0.001 +0.000
16.0 0.0000 0.0000 -0.0001 -0.0002 -0.0001 -0.0079
4 3 9 1

Table 16.3
Ring tension Cylindrical walls-Fixed base free at top (IS:3370-PART IV)
Ring tension Nd= (Co-efficient) x (wHR)kN/m
Coefficients at point
H2/Dt
0.0H 0.1H 0.2H 0.3H 0.4H 0.5H 0.6H 0.7H 0.8H 0.9H
0.4 +0.149 +0.134 +0.120 +0.101 +0.082 +0.066 +0.049 +0.029 +0.014 +0.004
0.8 +0.263 +0.239 +0.215 +0.109 +0.160 +0.130 +0.096 +0.063 +0.034 +0.010
1.2 +0.283 +0.271 +0.254 +0.234 +0.209 +0.180 +0.142 +0.099 +0.054 +0.016
1.6 +0.265 +0.268 +0.268 +0.266 +0.250 +0.226 +0.185 +0.134 +0.075 +0.023
2 +0.234 +0.251 +0.273 +0.285 +0.285 +0.274 +0.232 +0.172 +0.104 +0.031
3 +0.134 +0.203 +0.267 +0.322 +0.357 +0.362 +0.330 +0.262 +0.157 +0.052
4 +0.067 +0.164 +0.256 +0.339 +0.403 +0.429 +0.409 +0.334 +0.210 +0.073
5 +0.025 +0.137 +0.245 +0.346 +0.428 +0.477 +0.469 +0.398 +0.259 +0.092
6 +0.018 +0.119 +0.234 +0.344 +0.441 +0.504 +0.514 +0.447 +0.301 +0.112
8 -0.001 +0.104 +0.218 +0.335 +0.443 +0.534 +0.575 +0.530 +0.381 +0.151
10 -0.001 +0.098 +0.208 +0.232 +0.437 +0.542 +0.608 +0.589 +0.440 +0.179
12 -0.005 +0.097 +0.202 +0.312 +0.429 +0.543 +0.628 +0.633 +0.494 +0.211
14 -0.002 +0.098 +0.200 +0.306 +0.420 +0.539 +0.639 +0.666 +0.541 +0.241
16 0.000 +0.099 +0.199 +0.304 +0.412 +0.531 +0.641 +0.687 +0.582 +0.265