Document Title: DBR for Road

Project : Sakaka 405 MW dc PV

DBR FOR ROAD

Doc No.: 18002-EC-EDE-008-03

3 For Approval 27-11-2018 ND VW RM

2 For Approval 24-10-2018 ND VW RM
1 For Approval 28-09-2018 ND VW RM
0 For Approval 31-07-2018 ND VW SS
Rev Purpose of issue Date Prepared by Checked by Approved by

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 Document Title: DBR for Road

Project : Sakaka 405 MW dc PV

Table of Contents:

1. Introduction ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…..03

2. Road Specifications as per RFP……………………………………………………………………………………..................03

3. Determination of Average Daily Traffic (ADT)……………………….………………………………………….…...….03

4. Number of axles and determination of Equivalent Single Axle Load (ESAL)………………….….…..04

5. Aggregate Surfaced Road Thickness design..………………………………………………………………….................06

6. Radius of road………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…...…08

7. Conclusion………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…..…09

8. References……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…......09

List of Tables:

Table 3.1. ADT of vehicles along the plant periphery and MCR internal roads ………………………...03

Table 3.2. ADT of vehicles along the plant internal roads…….…………………………………………………...04

Table 4.1. ESAL’s along the plant periphery and MCR internal roads …………………………………......05

Table 4.2. ESAL’s along the plant internal roads ………………………………………………………….………......05

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 Document Title: DBR for Road

Project : Sakaka 405 MW dc PV

1. Introduction
The current report clearly presents the design of internal and periphery roads for 405MWp
Sakaka solar energy park. The project site is located in Al-Jouf region, Saudi Arabia and it
falls between the coordinates of Lat. 29° 42’ 57.4231” - 29° 44’ 14.4684” N and Long. 40°
04’ 57.2635” - 40° 06’ 32.7261” E.
The roads inside the plant area has much lesser traffic volume than regular roads, in
addition, the traffic volume remains constant instead of growth rate. Hence, these roads
can be designed as per low volume roads

2. Road Specifications

The following details are considered in design:

a. Type of Road: Aggregate Surfaced Roads

b. Total width of road is 5m (Carriage width: 4m and shoulder: 0.5m on either side) for Plant
internal roads (MCR to inverter rooms and other buildings)
c. Total width of road is 6m (Carriage width: 5m and shoulder: 0.5m on either side) for
periphery roads, MCR location and Internal roads (along east west direction at center of
plot)

3. Determination of Average Daily Traffic of Base year (ADT)

The typical vehicular movement and traffic volume that is expected in the plant area is
given below table 3.1:

Table 3.1. ADT of vehicles along the plant periphery roads and MCR location

VEHICULAR
SNO TYPE OF VEHICLES MOVEMENT DURATION ADT
1 CRANE 1/MONTH 25 YEARS 12
2 TRACTORS 20/DAY 25 YEARS 7300
3 TRUCKS (2 AXLES) 2/MONTH 25 YEARS 24
4 TRAILER (3 AXLES) 2/DAY 25 YEARS 730
5 CARS 50/DAY 25 YEARS 18250
6 FIRE FIGHTING VEHICLES 2/MONTH 25 YEARS 24
7 AMBULANCE 2/MONTH 25 YEARS 24
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 Document Title: DBR for Road

Project : Sakaka 405 MW dc PV

Table 3.2. ADT of vehicles along the Plant Internal Roads

VEHICULAR
S.NO TYPE OF VEHICLES MOVEMENT DURATION ADT
1 CRANE 1/MONTH 25 YEARS 12
2 TRACTORS 20/DAY 25 YEARS 7300
3 TRUCKS (2 AXLES) 2/MONTH 25 YEARS 24
4 TRAILER (3 AXLES) 2/MONTH 25 YEARS 24
5 CARS 50/DAY 25 YEARS 18250
6 FIRE FIGHTING VEHICLES 2/MONTH 25 YEARS 24
7 AMBULANCE 2/MONTH 25 YEARS 24

4. Number of axles and determination of Equivalent Single Axle Load (ESAL)

Equivalent Single Axle Load (ESAL) =N* ADT*Fe*G*n*Ld*Dd……………Equation (1)

(Refer: AASHTO 1993).

Where, N= number of axles,
ADT= Average Daily Traffic of base year
Fe= Axle load equivalency factor,
G= Growth factor= Assume no growth=1
n=Design life of plant in years=25 years
Ld = Lane distribution factor= 1 (For single lane with two directional traffic)
Dd= Directional distribution factor= 2 (for two directions)
a) The following table no.2 represents the total number of ESAL’s and its calculations
based on the Structural Number SN=5, terminal serviceability number=3 for aggregate
surfaced roads
b) The axial load equivalency factors (Fe) for individual vehicles is taken from
AASHTO-1993 tables for SN=5, terminal serviceability number=3 and corresponding
axle load of vehicle.

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 Document Title: DBR for Road

Project : Sakaka 405 MW dc PV

Table 4.1. ESAL’s along the periphery roads and MCR location

For SN=5, Pt=3 (Ref. TCS-Q-113.01 & AASHTO 1993)

Lane Lane
Lane
distribution distribution Design
Streerable No. of Design Single No. of Design Tandem No. of distribution
TYPE OF ADT of Equivalency * Equivalency * Equivalency Life in
axle/Single axles Life in ESAL Axle axles Life in ESAL axle axles * Directional ESAL
VEHICLE base year factor (Fe) Directional factor (Fe) Directional factor (Fe) years
axle load (N) years (n) load (N) years (n) load (N) Distribution
Distribution Distribution (n)
(Ld*Dd)
(Ld*Dd) (Ld*Dd)
CRANE 12 18 kips 1 1 25 2 600 22kips 1.97 1 25 2 1182 30 kips 0.702 1 25 2 421.2

TRACTORS 7300 4 kips 0.002 1 25 2 730 8 kips 0.04 2 25 2 29200 25

TRUCKS
24 12 kips 0.212 1 25 2 254.4 25 32 kips 0.896 1 25 2 1075.2
(2 AXLES)
TRAILER
730 12 kips 0.212 1 25 2 7738 25 30kips 0.702 2 25 2 51246
(3 AXLES)

CARS 18250 4 kips 0.002 2 25 2 3650 25 25 0

FIRE TRUCK 24 12 kips 0.212 1 25 2 254.4 25 34 kips 1.12 2 25 2 2688

AMBULANCE 24 6 kips 0.012 1 25 2 14.4 12kips 0.212 1 25 2 254.4 25

Total ESAL's 13241.2 30636 55430

Therefore, design ESAL’s for Plant periphery roads and MCR roads= (13241.2+30636+55430)
= 99308.0 ESAL’s

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 Document Title: DBR for Road

Project : Sakaka 405 MW dc PV

Table 4.2. ESAL’s along the Plant Internal Roads

For SN=5, Pt=3 (Ref. TCS-Q-113.01 & AASHTO 1993)

Lane Lane Lane
Streerable Equiv Design Design Equiv Design
No. of distrib Single No. of distribution Tande No. of distrib
TYPE OF axle/Singl alency Life in Equivalency Life in alency Life in
ADT of base year axles ution * ESAL Axle axles * ESAL m axle axles ution * ESAL
VEHICLE e axle factor years factor (Fe) years factor years
(N) Directi load (N) Directional load (N) Directi
load (Fe) (n) (n) (Fe) (n)
onal Distribution onal
CRANE 12 18 kips 1 1 25 2 600 22kips 1.97 1 25 2 1182 30 kips 0.702 1 25 2 421.2
TRACTORS 7300 4 kips 0.002 1 25 2 730 8 kips 0.04 2 25 2 29200 25

TRUCKS
24 12 kips 0.212 1 25 2 254.4 25 32 kips 0.896 1 25 2 1075.2
(2 AXLES)

TRAILER
24 12 kips 0.212 1 25 2 254.4 25 30kips 0.702 2 25 2 1684.8
(3 AXLES)

CARS 18250 4 kips 0.002 2 25 2 3650 25 25 0

FIRE TRUCK 24 12 kips 0.212 1 25 2 254.4 25 34 kips 1.12 2 25 2 2688

AMBULANCE 24 6 kips 0.012 1 25 2 14.4 12kips 0.212 1 25 2 254.4 25

Total ESAL's 5757.6 30636 5869.2

Therefore, design ESAL’s for Plant periphery roads and MCR roads= (5757.6+30636+5869.2)
= 42263.0 ESAL’s
5. Aggregate Surfaced Road thickness design
i. The project area of Sakaka is falls under the region-IV of US climatic region. The
region is classified as Dry, no freeze (Ref: Fig 4.1 of AASHTO Guide for design of
pavement structures)
ii. MR= Subgrade resilient modulus (psi)
Resilient Modulus for each layers given below:
Granular base course: EBS: 30000 psi and

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 Document Title: DBR for Road

Project : Sakaka 405 MW dc PV

Granular Sub base course: ESB: 15000 psi

(Ref: As per Clause 4.2.3 of AASHTO Guide for design of pavement structures)
iii. For Periphery roads and MCR location:
a) W18=Design Equivalent Single Axle Load= 99308.0 ESAL’s
From the above value, volume of traffic is falls under high category as per clause
4.2.3 of AASHTO.
From Table 4.10 of AASHTO, the base course thickness is 10 inches by considering
Region-IV and good road bed soil.
Therefore, base course thickness, DBSi = 10 inches.
Final base course thickness desired DBSf = 6 inches.
Decrease in Thickness DBSi- DBSf =4 inches.
From Fig 4.5 of AASHTO monographs to convert the base course thickness to
equivalent sub base course thickness.
As per resilient modulus of base and sub base course materials,
Granular base course: EBS= 30000 psi
Granular Sub base course: ESB= 15000 psi
b) By using above values, the thickness of sub base course is found to be 6 inches.
Therefore,
Assume, there is no aggregate loss over a performance period (GL)
Base course thickness, DBSf= 6 inches
The Base course thickness, DBSf = 6 inches=150 mm
The Sub base course thickness, DSB = 6 inches=150 mm
Total thickness of road D= DBSf+ DSB =300 mm

c) Provide Thickness of Base Course: 150 mm

Note: CBR for each base course layer is not less than 100 (Ref: TCS-Q-113.02)

and resilient modulus of Aggregate material should be 30,000 psi (Ref: AASHTO,
1993)

d) Thickness of Sub Base course= 150 mm

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 Document Title: DBR for Road

Project : Sakaka 405 MW dc PV

Note: CBR is not less than 50 (Ref: TCS-Q-113.02) and resilient modulus of sub base
aggregate material should be 15,000 psi (Ref: AASHTO, 1993)

iv. Plant internal roads:

e) W18=Design Equivalent Single Axle Load= 42263.0 ESAL’s
From the above value, volume of traffic is falls under medium category as per clause
4.2.3 of AASHTO.
From Table 4.10 of AASHTO, the base course thickness is 7 inches by considering
Region-IV and good road bed soil.
Therefore, base course thickness, DBSi = 7 inches.
Final base course thickness desired DBSf = 4 inches.
Decrease in Thickness DBSi- DBSf =3 inches, But available minimum decrease in
thickness from nomographs is 4 inches. Hence, considered decrease in thickness as
4 inches to convert the base course thickness to equivalent sub base course thickness
using Fig 4.5 of AASHTO monographs.
As per resilient modulus of base and sub base course materials,
Granular base course: EBS= 30000 psi
Granular Sub base course: ESB= 15000 psi
f). By using above values, the thickness of sub base course is found to be 6 inches.
Therefore,
Assume, there is no aggregate loss over a performance period (GL)
The Base course thickness, DBSf = 6 inches=150mm
The equivalent Sub base course thickness from AASHTO, DSB = 6 inches=150mm
Total thickness of road D= DBSf+ DSB =300 mm

g) Provide Thickness of Base Course: 150 mm

Note: CBR for each base course layer is not less than 100 (Ref: TCS-Q-113.02)

and resilient modulus of Aggregate material should be 30,000 psi (Ref: AASHTO,
1993)

h) Thickness of Sub Base course= 150 mm

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 Document Title: DBR for Road

Project : Sakaka 405 MW dc PV

Note: CBR is not less than 50 (Ref: TCS-Q-113.02) and resilient modulus of sub base
aggregate material should be 15,000 psi (Ref: AASHTO, 1993)

6. Radius of Road
a. From A Policy on Geometric design of Highways and Streets by AASHTO,
The radius of road is given by
Minimum Radius (Rmin) = (V2/127(0.01emax+fmax))… …………………..Equation (2)
Where V= Design speed of vehicle in km/hr,
emax = Maximum super elevation=12% used on low volume gravel surface roads
(Ref: AASHTO),
fmax = Maximum coefficient of lateral friction= 0.17 (Ref: AASHTO)
The design speed of vehicle allowable within the plant area is 15 Km/hr.
After substituting all the above values in Equation (2),
Hence, minimum radius of curve (Rmin) is found to be = 6m.
Therefore, provide radius of curve 6m for intersection and turnings.
b. Turning Radius:
As per Exhibit 2.2-, A Policy on Geometric design of Highways and Streets by
AASHTO,
Minimum inside turning Radius of Intermediate Semi-trailer vehicle (WB-12) is 5.9m.
Hence, we have provided 6m inside radius for plant roads.
Centre Line Turning Radius (CTR) of Intermediate Semi-trailer vehicle (WB-12) is
11.0 m. Hence, we have provided 10.5 m outer radius for plant roads.
7. Conclusion
a. Total width of road is 5m (Carriage width: 4m and shoulder: 0.5m on either side) for
Plant internal roads (MCR to inverter rooms and other buildings)
b. Total width of road is 6m (Carriage width: 5m and shoulder: 0.5m on either side) for
periphery roads, MCR location and Internal roads (along east west direction at center
of plot)
c. Thickness of road is 300mm for Plant internal roads (Base course is 150mm and
150mm sub base course).
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 Document Title: DBR for Road

Project : Sakaka 405 MW dc PV

d. Thickness of road is 300mm for Plant periphery roads and MCR roads (Base course is
150 mm and 150 mm sub base course).
e. Maximum axle load allowable to be on internal and periphery roads shall be 32 tonnes.
f. The speed of vehicle allowable with in the PV plant area is 15 Km/hr.
8. References
a. A Policy on Geometric design of Highways and Streets by AASHTO 2001
b. AASHTO Guide for Design of Pavement Structures 1993
c. TES-P-122.11-01 Access road and Structure pad
d. TCS-Q-113.02 Earth Works
e. TCS-Q-113.01 Asphalt Concrete Paving

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