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    LEVELING

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    Richard Duran
    The document discusses leveling, which is measuring vertical distances to determine elevation differences. There are two main methods: direct leveling measures elevations directly using a level, while indirect trigonometric leveling uses vertical angles and slope distances. The types of leveling described are differential leveling to find elevation differences between points, and profile leveling along a linear feature like a road.

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    LEVELING

    Uploaded by

    Richard Duran
    516 views2 pages
    The document discusses leveling, which is measuring vertical distances to determine elevation differences. There are two main methods: direct leveling measures elevations directly using a level, while indirect trigonometric leveling uses vertical angles and slope distances. The types of leveling described are differential leveling to find elevation differences between points, and profile leveling along a linear feature like a road.

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    The document discusses leveling, which is measuring vertical distances to determine elevation differences. There are two main methods: direct leveling measures elevations directly using a level, while indirect trigonometric leveling uses vertical angles and slope distances. The types of leveling described are differential leveling to find elevation differences between points, and profile leveling along a linear feature like a road.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    516 views2 pages

    LEVELING

    Uploaded by

    Richard Duran
    The document discusses leveling, which is measuring vertical distances to determine elevation differences. There are two main methods: direct leveling measures elevations directly using a level, while indirect trigonometric leveling uses vertical angles and slope distances. The types of leveling described are differential leveling to find elevation differences between points, and profile leveling along a linear feature like a road.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    LEVELING

     The operation of measuring vertical distance, either directly or indirectly, to determine the difference in
    elevation.
    METHODS OF LEVELING
    Direct or Spirit Leveling
     By measuring vertical distances directly. Direct leveling is the most precise method of determining
    elevations and is the one commonly used.
    Indirect or Trigonometric Leveling
     By measuring vertical angles and horizontal or slope distances.
    TYPES OF LEVELING
    Differential Leveling
     The operation of determining differences in elevation of points some distance apart or of establishing
    bench marks. Usually, differential leveling is accomplished by direct leveling. Precise leveling is precise
    form of differential leveling.
    Profile Leveling
     The operation (usually by direct leveling) of determining elevations of points at short measured intervals
    along a definitely located line, such as the center for a highway or a sewer.
    __________________________________________________________________________________________
    Problem 1:
    From the given data of differential leveling shown,
    STA BS HI FS ELEV
    BM1 1.256 98.5
    TP1 1.116 1.886
    TP2 1.228 1.527
    TP3 1.189 2.246
    TP4 1.070 2.017
    TP5 1.831 2.656
    TP6 1.489 2.723
    BM2 2.548

    a. What is the value of HI in the 2nd setup?


    b. Find the elevation of TP5.
    c. Determine the elevation of BM2.
    Problem 2:
    A line of levels 6 km long is run from BM1 to BM2 with a computed elevation of 165.8m. The average BS and
    FS distances are 100m and 150m respectively. It was found out however that the line of sight of instrument is
    inclined upward by 0.003m in a distance of 10m.
    a. Compute the error in every setup.
    b. Determine the total error.
    c. Find the correct elevation of BM2.
    Problem 3:
    Three level lines were run over three different routes at different distances.
    Routes Distance from BM1 Elevation of BM2
    A 8 45.879m
    B 6 45.795m
    C 10 45.590m

    What is the adjusted elevation of BM2?


    Problem 4:
    Differential leveling is run from BM1 to BM2 at a distance of 6km. It was observed that the leveling rod was
    inclined 4 degrees from the vertical every time the backsight is taken. The average BS reading is 2.4m and the
    average length per setup is 300m. Determine the correct elevation of BM2 if the recorded elevation was 68.3m.
    Problem for Practice:
    Using the following notes, what is the elevation of BM14?
    STA BS FS ELEV
    BM12 4.64 209.65
    1 5.80 5.06
    2 2.25 5.02
    BM13 6.02 5.85
    3 8.96 4.34
    4 8.06 3.22
    5 9.45 3.71
    6 12.32 2.02
    BM14 1.98

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