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Answers To End-Of-Chapter Questions For Chapter 3, Atomic Structure

The document provides answers to end-of-chapter questions for a chapter on atomic structure. It includes the answers to 7 multiple choice or short answer questions, explaining concepts like atomic number, mass number, isotopes, and electron configuration.

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Ali
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© © All Rights Reserved
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123 views

Answers To End-Of-Chapter Questions For Chapter 3, Atomic Structure

The document provides answers to end-of-chapter questions for a chapter on atomic structure. It includes the answers to 7 multiple choice or short answer questions, explaining concepts like atomic number, mass number, isotopes, and electron configuration.

Uploaded by

Ali
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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GCSE Chemistry for You, Fifth Edition

Answers to End-of-chapter questions


for Chapter 3, Atomic structure

It is very important that you are able to answer the questions on your own, using your
own knowledge of Chemistry.
Have a go at the questions first, and then check your answers using this page.
If you get a question wrong, try to work out where you have made an error.

1. a), b) and c) in any order: protons; neutrons; electrons;


1st row in table: +/positive; 1;
2nd row in table: neutron;
3rd row in table: electron; -/negative;
centre/middle; electrons; nearest/closest; 2; 8

2. a) the number of protons in an atom


b) the number of protons plus neutrons in (the nucleus of) an atom
c) atomic number = 18
mass number = 40

3. a) 7 protons; 7 electrons; 7 neutrons


b) 10 protons; 10 electrons; 10 neutrons
c) 9 protons; 10 electrons; 10 neutrons
d) 19 protons; 18 electrons; 20 neutrons
e) 27 protons; 25 electrons; 33 neutrons
f) 92 protons; 92 electrons; 143 neutrons

4. a) diagram showing a small central nucleus, labelled ‘2 protons and 2


neutrons’, in a single circle (1st shell or energy level) with 2 crosses or dots drawn on it
b) diagram showing a small central nucleus, labelled ‘4 protons and 5
neutrons’, in two concentric circles - 1st innermost circle (1st shell or energy level) with 2
crosses or dots drawn on it, and the outer circle (2nd shell or energy level) with 2 crosses
or dots drawn on it
c) diagram showing a small central nucleus, labelled ‘13 protons and 14
neutrons’, in three concentric circles – 1st innermost circle (1st shell or energy level) with
2 crosses or dots drawn on it, the middle circle (2nd shell or energy level) with 8 crosses
or dots drawn on it, and the outer circle (3rd shell or energy level) with 3 crosses or dots
drawn on it
d) diagram showing a small central nucleus, labelled ‘20 protons and 20
neutrons’, in four concentric circles - 1st innermost circle (1st shell or energy level) with 2
crosses or dots drawn on it, the 2nd circle (2nd shell or energy level) with 8 crosses or
dots drawn on it, the next circle (3rd shell or energy level) with 8 crosses or dots drawn
on it, and the outer circle (4th shell or energy level) with 2 crosses or dots drawn on it

5. 1st row in table: 3


2nd row in table: silicon; 2,8,4
3rd row in table: potassium; 2.8,8,1

Oxford University Press GCSE Chemistry for You, Fifth Edition © Ryan Books Ltd, 2016   page 1 of 2
GCSE Chemistry for You, Fifth Edition

No, because you know the number of electrons is 3, from its electronic structure
of (2,1), and as the number of electrons = the number of protons in an atom (because
they are neutral), the atomic number is 3.

6. a) atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons / atoms


with the same atomic number but different mass numbers / atoms with same number of
protons but different numbers of neutrons

b) hydrogen-1 has no neutrons, hydrogen-2 has 1 neutron and hydrogen-3


has 2 neutrons

c) Yes, because an atom’s chemical properties/reactions are determined by


its electronic structure/number of electrons in its outermost shell, and the three isotopes
of hydrogen have identical electronic structures

d) Because the weighted mean relative mass of the naturally occurring


isotopes of chlorine is:

(35 x 75) + (37 x 25) = 35.5

100

7. a) 18
b) 46
c) 142

Oxford University Press GCSE Chemistry for You, Fifth Edition © Ryan Books Ltd, 2016   page 2 of 2

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