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Properties of Logarithmic and Exponential Functions

1) Logarithms are the inverse function of exponents. For b > 0 and b ≠ 1, if y = logb x, then by = x. 2) The logarithmic function logb x represents the power to which the base b must be raised to equal the value x. 3) There are several basic properties of logarithms including product, quotient, power, and change-of-base rules.

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115 views

Properties of Logarithmic and Exponential Functions

1) Logarithms are the inverse function of exponents. For b > 0 and b ≠ 1, if y = logb x, then by = x. 2) The logarithmic function logb x represents the power to which the base b must be raised to equal the value x. 3) There are several basic properties of logarithms including product, quotient, power, and change-of-base rules.

Uploaded by

api-508917475
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Properties of Logarithms

For x > 0, and b > 0, b ≠ 1,


Definition of the Logarithmic 𝑦 = log 𝑏 𝑥 is equivalent to 𝑏 𝑦 = 𝑥.
Function The function 𝑓(𝑥) = log 𝑏 𝑥 is the logarithmic function with base b.

Logarithmic Form Exponential Form

𝑦 = log 𝑏 𝑥 𝑏𝑦 = 𝑥

1 4
log 𝑏 1 = 0 log 𝑏 𝑏 = 1

Basic Logarithmic Properties 2 5


Involving One ln 1 = 0 ln 𝑒 = 1

3 6
log 1 = 0 log 10 = 1

1 4
log 𝑏 𝑏 𝑥 = 𝑥 𝑏 log𝑏 𝑥 = 𝑥
Inverse Properties of Logarithms
(when b > 0 and b ≠ 1) 2 5
ln 𝑒 𝑥 = 𝑥 𝑒 ln 𝑥 = 𝑥

3 6
log 10𝑥 = 𝑥 10log 𝑥 = 𝑥

The Product Rule The Quotient Rule The Power Rule


(b ≠ 1) (b ≠ 1) (b ≠ 1)

log 𝑏 (𝑀𝑁) = log 𝑏 𝑀 + log 𝑏 𝑁 𝑀 log 𝑏 𝑀𝑝 = 𝑝 log 𝑏 𝑀


log 𝑏 = log 𝑏 𝑀 − log 𝑏 𝑁
𝑁

1 2 3

The Change-of-Base Properties log 𝑎 𝑀 ln 𝑀 log 𝑀


log 𝑏 𝑀 = log 𝑏 𝑀 = log 𝑏 𝑀 =
log 𝑎 𝑏 ln 𝑏 log 𝑏

Same – Base Property If 𝑏 𝑀 = 𝑏 𝑁 , One – to – One If log 𝑏 𝑀 = log 𝑏 𝑁,


then M = N Property then M = N

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