Role of Renewable Energy Sources in Environmental Protection

International Journal of Engineering Science Invention (IJESI)
ISSN (Online): 2319 – 6734, ISSN (Print): 2319 – 6726

www.ijesi.org || PP. 12-17
Role Of Renewable Energy Sources In Environmental Protection
Guduri Vijaya Lakshmi1, Putla Paul Divakar2

1
(Dept. Of Electronics, SIR C R REDDY COLLEGE (AIDED & AUTONOMOUS, Eluru)/AKN University, India.)
2
(Dept. Of Physics, SIR C R REDDY COLLEGE (AIDED & AUTONOMOUS, Eluru)/ AKN University, India.)
Abstract: Renewable technologies are considered as clean sources of energy and optimal use of these
resources minimize environmental impacts, produce minimum secondary wastes and are sustainable based on
current and future economic and social societal needs. Sun is the source of all energies. The primary forms of
solar energy are heat and light. Sunlight and heat are transformed and absorbed by the environment in a
multitude of ways. Some of these transformations result in renewable energy flows such as biomass and wind
energy. Renewable energy technologies provide an excellent opportunity for mitigation of greenhouse gas
emission and reducing global warming through substituting conventional energy sources. In this article a
review has been done on scope of CO2 mitigation through solar cooker, water heater, dryer, bio fuel, improved
cook stoves and by hydrogen.
Keywords: Renewable energy sources, solar Energy, Wind Energy, Bio energy, Hydrogen as fuel.
I. Introduction
Renewable energy sources (RES) supply 14% of the total world energy demand [1]. RES includes biomass,
hydropower, geothermal, solar, wind and marine energies. The renewable are the primary, domestic and clean or
inexhaustible energy resources. [2,3]. Large-scale hydropower supplies 20 percent of global electricity.
II. Renewable Energy Sources

Renewable energy resources will play an important role in the world’s future. The energy resources
have been split into three categories: fossil fuels, renewable resources and nuclear resources [4]. Renewable
energy sources are those resources which can be used to produce energy again and again, e.g. solar energy, wind
energy, biomass energy, geothermal energy, etc. and are also often called alternative sources of energy [5].
Renewable energy sources that meet domestic energy requirements have the potential to provide energy services
with zero or almost zero emissions of both air pollutants and greenhouse gases. Renewable energy system
development will make it possible to resolve the presently most crucial tasks like improving energy supply
reliability and organic fuel economy; solving problems of local energy and water supply; increasing the standard
of living and level of employment of the local population; ensuring sustainable development of the remote
regions in the desert and mountain zones; implementation of the obligations of the countries with regard to
fulfilling the international agreements relating to environmental protection [6]. Development and
implementations of renewable energy project in rural areas can create job opportunities and thus minimizing
migration towards urban areas [7]. Harvesting the renewable energy in decentralized manner is one of the
options to meet the rural and small scale energy needs in a reliable, affordable and environmentally sustainable
way [8,9].
III. Climate Change Scenario

Climate change is one of the primary concerns for humanity in the 21st century [10]. It may affect
health through a range of pathways, for example as a result of increased frequency and intensity of heat waves,
reduction in cold related deaths, increased floods and droughts, changes in the distribution of vector-borne
diseases and effects on the risk of disasters and malnutrition. The overall balance of effects on health is likely to
be negative and populations in low income countries are likely to be particularly vulnerable to the adverse
effects. The experience of the 2003 heat wave in Europe showed that high-income countries may also be
adversely affected [1]. The potentially most important environmental problem relating to energy is global
climate change (global warming or the greenhouse effect). The increasing concentration of greenhouse gases
such as CO2, CH4, CFCs, halons, N2O, ozone, and per oxy acetyl nitrate in the atmosphere is acting to trap heat
radiated from Earth’s surface and is raising the surface temperature of Earth [2]. A schematic representation of
this global climate change problem is illustrated below.
Two-Day International Conference on “Materials for Energy and Environmental Protection” 12 | Page
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A schematic illustration of greenhouse effect.
IV. Solar Energy

Solar thermal application
As far as renewable energy sources is concerned solar thermal energy is the most abundant one and is
available in both direct as well as indirect forms. The Sun emits energy at a rate of 3.8 × 1023 kW, of which,
approximately 1.8 × 1014 kW is intercepted by the earth [9]. There is vast scope to utilize available solar energy
for thermal applications such as cooking, water heating, crop drying, etc.
Schematic diagram of a solar thermal conversion system.
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V. Wind Energy
Of the renewable energy technologies applied to electricity generation, wind energy ranks second only to
hydroelectric in terms of installed capacity and is experiencing rapid growth. India is one of the most promising
countries for wind power development in the world [8]. Expansion of wind energy installed capacity is poised to
play a key role in climate change mitigation.
VI. Bioenergy
Biogas
The production of biogas through anaerobic digestion offers significant advantages over other forms of
bioenergy production. It has been evaluated as one of the most energy-efficient and environmentally beneficial
technology for bioenergy production. For the production of biogas it is possible to use several different raw
materials and digestion technologies [7]. This variety and the various fields of application for the biogas and
digested product result in great differences in the environmental performance among the potential biogas
systems. Among the raw materials are organic waste from households and the food industry, dedicated energy
crops, and agricultural waste products, such as crop residues and manure [9].
(ICMEEP-18)
International Journal of Engineering Science Invention (IJESI)
ISSN (Online): 2319 – 6734, ISSN (Print): 2319 – 6726
www.ijesi.org || PP. 12-17
VII. Hydrogen As Fuel

Hydrogen has fascinated generations of people for centuries, including visionaries like Jules Verne. Hydrogen is
expected to play a key role in the world’s energy future by replacing fossil fuels. Hydrogen is gaining increasing attention
as an encouraging future energy [10]. Its conversion to heat or power is simple and clean. When burnt with oxygen,
hydrogen generates no pollutants, only water, which can return to nature. However, hydrogen, the most common chemical
element on the planet, does not exist in nature in its elemental form. It has to be separated from chemical com-pounds, by
electrolysis from water or by chemical processes from hydrocarbons or other hydrogen carriers. The electricity for the
electrolysis may come eventually from clean renewable sources such as solar radiation, kinetic energy of wind and water,
or geothermal heat. Therefore, hydrogen may become an important link between renewable physical energy and chemical
energy carriers [9].
Pyrolysisofbiomass → H2 + CO2 + CO + Hydrocarbon gases
Catalytic steam reforming of biomass → H2 + CO2 + CO
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Gasification of biomass → H2 + CO2 + CO + N2
VIII. Conclusion
A comprehensive literature survey of major renewable energy gadgets for domestic and industrial applications
such as solar water heaters, solar cookers, dryers, wind energy, biogas technology, biomass gasifiers, improved cook
stoves and biodiesel was made. The review gives an overview of the development and scope of CO2 mitigation for clean
and sustainable development. The use of solar drying of agricultural produce has good potential for energy conservation in
developing nations. Biodiesel from no edible vegetable.
IX. References
Journal Papers:
[1] UNDP. World energy assessment 2000 – energy and the challenge of sustainability. New York: UNDP; 2000 (ISBN
9211261260).
[2] Dincer I. Environmental issues. II. Potential solutions. Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects
2001;23(1):83–92.
[3] Bilgen S, Kaygusuz K, Sari A. Renewable energy for a clean and sustainable future. Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery,
Utilization, and Environmental Effects 2004;26(12):1119–29.
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[4] Fridleifsson IB. Geothermal energy for the benefit of the people. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 2001;5:299–312.
[5] Demirbas A. Global renewable energy resources. Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects
2006;28(8):779–92.
[6] Kralova I, Sjöblom J. Biofuels-renewable energy sources: a review. Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology
2010;31(3):409–25.
[7] Dincer I. Environmental Issues. I. Energy Utilization. Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects
2001;23(1):69–81.
[8] Farhad S, Saffar-Avval M, Younessi-Sinaki. Efficient design of feedwater heaters network in steam power plants using pinch
technology and exergy analysis. International Journal of Energy Research 2008;32:1–11.
[9] Sims REH. Bioenergy to mitigate for climate change and meet the needs of society, the economy and the environment.
Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change 2003;8:349–70.
[10] Youm I, Sarr J, Sall M, Kane MM. Renewable energy activities in Senegal: a review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy
Reviews 2000;4(1):75–89.
Books:
[11] Renewable Energy, Technology and the Environment ( Heading ton Hill Hall, 1992).
[12] Environmental Engineering and Renewable Energy (Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia, 1998.).
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International Journal of Engineering Science Invention (IJESI)

ISSN (Online): 2319 – 6734, ISSN (Print): 2319 – 6726

Role Of Renewable Energy Sources In Environmental Protection

Guduri Vijaya Lakshmi1, Putla Paul Divakar2

II. Renewable Energy Sources

III. Climate Change Scenario

A schematic illustration of greenhouse effect.

IV. Solar Energy

Schematic diagram of a solar thermal conversion system.

VII. Hydrogen As Fuel

Pyrolysisofbiomass → H2 + CO2 + CO + Hydrocarbon gases

Catalytic steam reforming of biomass → H2 + CO2 + CO

Gasification of biomass → H2 + CO2 + CO + N2

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