Role of Green Energy in Modern Era

11 II February 2023
https://doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.48903
International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)
ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 7.538
Volume 11 Issue II Feb 2023- Available at www.ijraset.com
Role of Green Energy in Modern Era

Dr. Subhash Kumar Sharma1, Dr. Shri Prakash Dubey2
1, 2
Assistant Professor, Department of Electronics, MGPG College, Gorakhpur
Abstract: We know that the Energy is the property of objects which can be converted into different forms or can be transferred to
other objects but cannot be created or destroyed. Green energy is the energy that is produced in such a way as to minimize its
negative impact on the environment.
It is a renewable source of energy. Sources of green energy such as solar, wind, geothermal and hydro energy are developed and
promoted as alternative source that make little or no contribution to climate change. In this paper the author seeks to explore
how green energy is useful for the future aspect of the world.
And current application of this emerging technology, like generating electricity for various purposes, heating and cooling of
water and more.
Keywords: Green Energy, different types of sources, advantages, applications
I. INTRODUCTION
The idea of green energy is introduced in November 2006 as renewable energy standard offer program. That offer was in short
called as SOP or RESOP. It introduced a 20 year feed in tariffs for hydro, wind, solar (PV) and biomass projects. The Ontario Green
Energy Act (GEA), officially the Green Energy and Green Economy Act 2009 was introduced in the Ontario Legislature on
February 23, 2009, to expand renewable energy production and encourage energy conservation[1]. The word ‘Green’ make our
mind to think about a world without pollution and eco friendly.
So the green energy reflects the idea about generation of energy from natural resources like sunlight, wind, rain, tides, plant, algae,
geothermal heat, etc. having no or less impact on the environment and can be renewed. These energy resources are renewable,
meaning they're naturally replenished.
There are two types of sources of energy in the world: renewable energy sources and non-renewable energy sources. Renewable
energy sources are generated directly from nature for example, from the sun, rain, wind, tides, and it is possible to generate it over
and over whenever it is needed. Renewable energy sources are abundant and are definitely the cleanest energy sources in Earth.
Many types of Renewable energy sources are solar energy, biomass energy, wind energy, tidal energy, hydro energy, and
geothermal energy.
For instance, it is possible to use the energy from the sun and that is converted into electricity. Geothermal, wind, tides, and biomass
energy from plants can also be used in different forms like Wind is harnessed from Earth's natural weather patterns. Hydropower
comes from flowing rivers and from reservoirs. Solar energy comes from the Sun's light and radiation. Geothermal energy comes
from the heat produced by the Earth underneath the ground.
The advantages of Renewable energy is that wind, sun, ocean, and geothermal energy is in abundance and completely free of
charge. The renewable energy sources have very low or zero carbon emissions, so they are environmental friendly. The another
advantage is, it is not necessary to rely on any country to supply renewable energy sources, unlike its non-renewable counterparts.
Non-renewable sources are not environmental friendly and can have serious affect on our health. Most energy that is used in the
world today is generated from non-renewable energy sources.
These energy sources can be re-generated over a short period of time. Natural gas and oil are derived from ancient plant or animal
remains or fossils. These remains are what we have been left with after millions of years of fluctuation in pressure and temperature.
Non-renewable energy sources include oil, coal, natural gas, and nuclear energy. The advantage of non-renewable energy sources
are it is ready, cheap, and easy to use.
The non-renewable energy convert one non-renewable energy type to another. The major disadvantage of non-renewable energy
sources is that they are finite and will expire sometime in the future. This will make the prices of these non-renewable energy
sources increase dramatically. They also cause severe environmental changes and are in a large way responsible for climate change
and global warming. Non-renewable energy sources can have a serious impact on human health, as they are certainly not
environmental friendly.
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Fig(1) Diagram of Renewable and Non-Renewable Energy
Thus in this paper we discuss about different types of green energies, its advantages and applications.
II. GREEN ENERGY

Green energy comes from natural sources such as sunlight, wind, rain, tides, plants, algae and geothermal heat. These energy
resources are renewable, meaning they're naturally replenished. The different types of renewable energy technologies include: Solar
energy, Marine energy, Wind energy, Hydropower, Bio-energy, Geothermal energy etc.
Fig.2: Diagram of Green Energy
There are various renewable energy technologies, which include hybrid and related technologies. These are effectively used for: ·
Storing energy generated through renewable energy · For predicting renewable energy supply · Assisting in efficient delivery of
energy generated by means of renewable energy technologies to energy consumers.
III. CONCEPT
Our Traditional energy sources, such as fossil fuels have a big role in creating the effect of global warming and climate change to
the earth and this makes us to create a subway to overcome these problems by introducing the concept of Green Energy. The
primary goal of developing Green sources of energy is to generate power and also to minimize both waste and pollution, so that we
can reduce the impact of energy production on environment. Scientist who favoured the use of green energy said that we can reduce
the rate of climate change by using such sources. In contrast to fossil fuel sources these sources are renewable. The concept of
Green Energy most oftenly considered when it comes to the issues such as cogeneration, heating and electricity. These sources can
be purchased by the consumers or businesses as a means to support to support living which is environmental friendly, by reducing
bad impacts of energy production. Today energy certificate or renewable energy certificate can be purchased to support the use of
green practices. It is estimated that more than 35 million European homes and 1 million American homes are currently using Green
Certificates that symbolizes their use of Green Energy. Ultimately, green energy is clean energy.
IV. USES OF GREEN ENERGY

There are many options of using renewable energy at residential or commercial spaces. Most common form of renewable energy
comes from sunlight or solar energy. One can get solar panels installed in residential and commercial spaces where sunlight is
available in plenty. Other places where wind is in abundance may raise wind turbines to generate renewable energy. The energy thus
gotten can be used for pumping water and or for charging sailboat battery. Biomass is another very popular renewable energy
source. It is used for producing electricity and also used as a transportation fuel. The use of biomass as a renewable form of energy
is commonly known as bio-energy. Geothermal energy on the other hand, taps the internal heat of the Earth for a variety of uses,
including cooling and heating of buildings and electric power production. Marine energy is yet another very important renewable
form of energy. It comes from a variety of sources including tidal energy and energy generated from the ocean’s waves, driven from
both tides and winds.
V. TYPES OF GREEN ENERGIES

A. Solar Energy
Sun is a huge source of solar energy which provides energy to all the living creatures on earth. It is renewable and clean source
which produce almost about 10,000 times more energy than earth can produce in 21st century. We can use this solar energy as green
energy as it is the most suitable renewable energy source which is giving us energy directly and indirectly such as hydro, wind, etc.
and having the least impact on the environment as it not taking part in increasing the carbon dioxide and does not lead to global
warming in any way.
1) Solar Photovoltaic (PV): Solar energy is directly converted into electricity by using photovoltaic cells. This technology is
relatively new, as the solar cell was only first successfully developed in 1975. Solar cells use light energy from the sun to
generate electricity through the photoelectric effect. They are arranged in such away so that they can capture as sunlight as
possible. Photovoltaic modules are the components of the PV system which are arranged in a way so that we can use them in
some particular applications. While the majority of initial system capital cost may be attributed to the PV array, it is the
“balance of the system” components that most affect reliability, efficiency and safety of the overall installation. Using
Photovoltaic modules the sunlight converted into direct current (DC). This direct current is then converted to alternating current
(AC) through an inverter and adjusted to meet the power characteristics of the utility grid or the load.
Fig.3: Simplified schematic diagram for a grid-connected PV system
Fig.4: Use of Solar Panel
2) Solar Thermal: Solar Thermal refers to the utilization of the heat energy from the sun. Firstly, solar radiation can be absorbed in
solar “collectors” to provide solar space or water heating at relatively low temperatures. In large-scale applications, solar
radiation can be concentrated by parabolic mirrors to provide high temperatures, which may then be used either for direct
heating purposes or to generate electricity. For example: via a conventional heat engine. In solar thermal power plants we
concentrate the solar radiations on a small area to produce high temperature output. The steam which is produced through this
heat is then allowed to fall on turbine- generator to produce electricity. This system is hybridized and sometimes also used as a
storage system so to use it when sunlight is not available. Common solar thermal power systems include:
a) Parabolic Trough Systems: In Parabolic Trough system a mirror are used which is parabolic trough-shaped, in order to focus
sunlight on a receiver tube. This is carrying a heat transfer fluid generally oil or water. This fluid is then heated up and pumped
through heat exchangers to produce steam. This heat is then used to run turbine-generators to produce electricity. This Parabolic
trough technology is currently the most proven solar thermal electric technology. This system usually aligned on a north – south
axis, and rotated to track the Sun as it moves across the sky each day. This system is the most developed and mature CSP
Technology. Optimal capacity size is 150 – 250 MW. This is enough to power 44,000 homes [3].
Fig.5: Parabolic Through System
b) Solar Tower Systems: Tower systems mainly consist of three main components: ground heliostats, a tower, and a central
receiver at the top of the tower. The heliostats is use to capture solar radiation from the sun and re-direct it to the central
receiver. A heliostat rotates in two dimensions, east and west, and north and south. Each heliostat is programmed through a
computer to follow the sun and to maximize the total power output. The first commercial solar tower system was built by
Abengoa Solar of Spain and is referred to as PS10 at the Solucar Platform in the Spanish province of Seville. The operation was
started in March, 2007 and is still continue [4].
Fig.6: Solar Tower System
c) A dish/Stirling System: The dish/Stirling system is a source of renewable energy that generates power by using parabolically
arranged mirrors to reflect sunlight onto a small thermal receiver, thereby heating a gas chamber connected to a piston and drive
shaft. The drive shaft powers a generator which produces electricity to be distributed to a grid. Mainly this system consists of a
parabolic dish concentrator, a thermal receiver and a Stirling engine located at the focus of the dish. The parabolic dish
concentrator tracks the sunlight and focuses it into a cavity receiver where it is absorbed and transferred to a Stirling Engine.
Stirling Engines are the most popular and widely used because they are having high thermal to mechanical efficiencies. They
also provide potential for long time and low maintenance operations.
Fig.7: A dish/Stirling system
Dish/Stirling engines are modular in design. In Dish/Stirling engines each system is a self contained power generator.
VI. ADVANTAGES OF GREEN ENERGY

A. Solar Energy
1) It is a clean source of energy which does not produce harmful gases as a co-product so have no effect on environment and
human health.
2) Many everyday items such as calculator and other low power consuming devices can be powered by solar energy effectively.
3) It is a better source of energy for future generation as it last long forever (infinite).
B. Hydro Energy
1) It is one of the clean source of energy because does not create any by-product during conversion.
2) Hydroelectric power is a domestic source of energy, allowing each state to produce their own energy without being reliant on
international fuel sources.
3) It is reliable, affordable and vast source of energy.
4) In addition to a sustainable fuel source, hydropower efforts produce a no. of benefits, such as flood control, irrigation and water
supply.
5) Hydro electric power plant reservoirs collect rain water, which can then be used for consumption or for irrigation.
6) Hydroelectric installations bring electricity, highways, industry and commerce to communities, thus developing the economy,
expanding access to health and education, also improving the quality of life.
C. Wind Energy
1) It is a clean fuel source does not pollute air. Wind turbines do not produce atmospheric emissions that cause acid rain or green
house gases.
2) It is renewable source of energy require less cost.
3) Land around wind turbines can be used for other users e.g. farming.
4) In combination with solar energy they can be used to provide reliable as well as steady supply of electricity.
D. Geothermal Energy
1) It is a cheaper and affordable source of energy used for bath, heating homes and offices, preparing food, etc.
2) By using geothermal sources of energy present generations of human will not endanger the capability of future generation to
use their old resources to the same amount.
3) This is also cost effective, reliable, sustainable and environment friendly.
4) Due to its low emissions geothermal energy is considered to have excellent potential for mitigation of global warming.
E. Vibration Energy
1) Vibration energy harvesting replaces the batteries in medical implants which is beneficial for the environment as these
batteries contain toxic heavy metals.
2) We can use vibration energy to reduce the noise in environment which is mainly happening in industries or due to air craft’s etc
by vibration damping and vibration isolation.
VII. APPLICATIONS OF GREEN ENERGY

1) Use in calculators, road signs, satellites, etc. as solar energy.
2) Passive space heating by solar energy
Fig.15: Passive space heating by solar energy
3) Warm up and keeping the food fresh by solar energy.
Fig.16: Solar Fridge
4) Water your plants with solar powered irrigation.

5) For hydrogen fuel production.
Fig.17: Hydrogen Fuel Production
6) Parabolic concentrating solar cookers.
Fig.18: Solar Parabolic Cooker
7) Wind and solar power vehicles.
Fig.19: Wind Solar Powered Car
8) Wind /kite-power cargo ships.
Fig.20: Wind /kite-power cargo ships.
9) Wind powered sorts like wind surfing, kite flying, kite surfing, hang gliding, Para sailing, wind skiing and more.
Fig.21: Wind Kites
10) Wind powered water pumps.

11) In farming like in fish farms in form of geothermal energy.
Fig.22: Geothermal Energy in Farming
12) Use in industries to dry fruits, vegetables, wood, wool to extract gold and silver from ore
Fig.23: Uses of Geothermal Energy
Fig.24: Geothermal Energy in Green Houses
13) Use to heat sidewalks and roads in order to prevent freezing in winters.
Fig.25: Geothermal Bike lanes
14) Building technologies: Some wireless sensors are made for the structural monitoring and safety systems of the building when
there is power cut.
Fig.26:Wireless Sensors
15) Medical implants: Some medical devices are deployed inside human bodies for their well being. But these devices needs
electricity to function properly which they get from the vibration of patient’s own body movements such as heartbeats.
Fig.27: Medical implants
16) Generating Electricity from the Weight of Cars & Pedestrians A new technology of generating sustainable energy from flow of
vehicles is introduced by the researchers in Mexico. “This is a technology that provides sustainable energy and could be
implemented at low prices, since it’s a complement of already existing infrastructure: the concrete of streets and avenues,”
states Héctor Ricardo Macías Hernández, the developer of the system [8].
Fig.28: Generating Electricity from the Weight of Cars & Pedestrians
17) Mexican entrepreneurs developed a system capable of using the vehicular flow to generate electric energy [8]. An integrated
ramp step which is made up of polymeric material is firstly installed which rises the street level about 5 cm. As the vehicles
passes a pressure is exerted due to their weight on bellows which contains air which is expelled out through holes. Later this is
compressed to produce electricity through a turbine. 17. Innovative tanks: Architect-designer invented some innovative tanks
that can collect solar and water both at a time.
Fig.29: Innovative tanks
18) Concept of translucent battery charging from sun: A translucent lithium-ion battery that can be recharged in the sun is
developed.
Fig.30: Translucent Battery
Fig.31: Sunny Paper for charging gadget
VIII. FUTURE SCOPE

Green Energy is having a future in almost every field of the world like industrial, agricultural, Medical, domestic, etc. Scientists
already have found many forms of green energy such as solar, wind, hydro, etc. and now they are working on some new forms of
energy like radiation and biomass so to reduce the usage of non renewable sources of energy as they are already depleating. In
coming years efficiency of solar panels is going to increase and it can work even in cloudy weather as researchers are already
working on it. A new combined form of solar and hydro is also coming called solar/wind hybrids. This technology combines the
wind turbines with solar photovoltaic (PV) panels to produce higher level of energy and the studies have found that these are nearly
double efficient then the present ones[9]. Like these there are technologies which are already invented or just the concepts are given
and are still developing. These inventions let us to make an environment which is using green energy completely and is eco-
friendly.
IX. CONCLUSION
Through this paper we are trying to focus on need for energy which is eco- friendly and can be renewed which requires
technological development to obtain the best utilization of green energy. As the resources obtained naturally has the potential to
protect world and reduce dependence on non renewable resources which are near to extinction. Seeking from the future aspect green
energy is an alternative source for power generation, provide energy in unlimited ways. The only need is to aware people for energy
conservation along with environment. This is a step to generate different forms of energy in most of the field with clean source (less
use of fossil fuel). Day by day the demand of clean energy is increasing; green energy will fulfill the need with more advance
technological systems. But it will take some time when every single house operate their electrical appliances by using their own
power producing system such as solar panels, small wind turbines etc.
REFERENCES
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_Energy_Act_2009
[2] http://tec.gov.in/pdf/Studypaper/GET%20for%20Telecom%20A pplications.pdf
[3] Source:https://shaikmohasin.wordpress.com/tag/troughsystem/
[4] http://solarcellcentral.com/csp_page.html#tower_systems
[5] Agreement No. : CE 36/2000, Study on the Potential Applications of Renewable Energy in Hong Kong, Stage 1 Study Report, December 2002
[6] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_power
[7] Vijay Laxmi Kalyani, Anjali Piaus, Preksha Vyas, “Harvesting Electrical Energy via Vibration”, Journal of Management Engineering and Information
Technology, Volume -2, Issue- 4, Aug. 2015, ISSN: 2394 – 8124
[8] http://cleantechnica.com/2013/12/16/generating-electricityweight-cars-pedestrians-system-developed-exploit-energy-passingcars/
[9] http://www.justenergy.com/blog/the-future-of-renewableenergy/

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11 II February 2023

Role of Green Energy in Modern Era

Fig(1) Diagram of Renewable and Non-Renewable Energy

II. GREEN ENERGY

Fig.2: Diagram of Green Energy

IV. USES OF GREEN ENERGY

V. TYPES OF GREEN ENERGIES

Fig.3: Simplified schematic diagram for a grid-connected PV system

Fig.4: Use of Solar Panel

Fig.5: Parabolic Through System

Fig.6: Solar Tower System

Fig.7: A dish/Stirling system

VI. ADVANTAGES OF GREEN ENERGY

VII. APPLICATIONS OF GREEN ENERGY

Fig.15: Passive space heating by solar energy

3) Warm up and keeping the food fresh by solar energy.

Fig.16: Solar Fridge

4) Water your plants with solar powered irrigation.

Fig.17: Hydrogen Fuel Production

6) Parabolic concentrating solar cookers.

Fig.18: Solar Parabolic Cooker

7) Wind and solar power vehicles.

Fig.19: Wind Solar Powered Car

8) Wind /kite-power cargo ships.

Fig.20: Wind /kite-power cargo ships.

Fig.21: Wind Kites

10) Wind powered water pumps.

Fig.22: Geothermal Energy in Farming

Fig.23: Uses of Geothermal Energy

Fig.24: Geothermal Energy in Green Houses

Fig.25: Geothermal Bike lanes

Fig.27: Medical implants

Fig.28: Generating Electricity from the Weight of Cars & Pedestrians

Fig.29: Innovative tanks

Fig.30: Translucent Battery

Fig.31: Sunny Paper for charging gadget

VIII. FUTURE SCOPE

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