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Frames of Reinforced Concrete: Continuous

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CONTINUOUS FRAMES

OF REINFORCED CONCRETE

CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION

General Considerations on Continuity. Continuity affects very much


the moments in a structure and affects appreciably the shears and re
actions. It does not require any great amount of mathematics to see
that this is true. It is a matter of common observation that, where a
beam is rigidly connected to another beam or to a column, bending in
one member will produce bending in the others. In structures of rein
forced concrete, reinforcing steel must be provided for the forces pro
duced, otherwise cracking will lead to unsightly appearance and pos
sibly to failure of the structure.
In many cases we can sketch the shape taken by the deflected struc
ture, see where cracking might occur, add reinforcing steel to prevent
If,

it and be satisfied. however, the structure important and we


is

wish to know accurately how much steel or concrete needed, we will


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make more thorough investigation. But important to recognize


is
it
a

clearly that we do not want to carry this investigation beyond the point
where will influence the design; we must always remember that what
it

we want a structure,
not merely an analysis.
is

It almost necessary to study our subject in the order: methods of


is

analysis; a consideration of physical constants; consideration of the


a

application of these values to design. But the engineer must often


approach the subject in the reverse order; certainly its phases assume
importance to him in reverse order. First, what can he do with these
analyses; then what value shall he choose for the physical constants;
finally how will he analyze it? difficulty in the past has been that
A

the student approached the matter in the succession of analysis, con


stants, design. The practical designer was forced to approach the
subject in the order of design, constants, analysis. The student became
so involved in methods of analysis that he never got far enough to con
sider the uncertainty of physical constants or the elements of judgment
involved in design. The busy designer, knowing well enough what
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