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Hall
Hall
Example 1(a): Design slab and beams of a 90′ × 60′ Hall. The height of Hall is 20′.
Concrete compressive strength (fc′) = 3 ksi.
Steel yield strength (fy) = 40 ksi.
60'
BRICK
MASONRY
WALL
90'
Figure 1: 90′ × 60′ Hall.
BEAM
60'
18" BRICK
10' 10' MASONRY
WALL
90'
Figure 2: Structural Arrangement (90′ × 60′ Hall).
Table 2.1: ACI formulae for continuous one way slab thickness, ACI 9.5.2
Case Slab thickness (in)
End span (one end continuous) l/24
Interior span (both ends continuous) l/28
(i) l = Span length in inches.
(ii)For fy other than 60,000 psi, the values from above formulae shall be multiplied by
(0.4 + fy/100000).
Slab
bw = 18" (assumed)
Therefore,
Slab thickness (hf) = 3.9″ (Minimum requirement by ACI 9.5.2.1).
Though any depth of slab greater than 3.9″ can be taken as per ACI minimum
requirement, we will use the same depth as assumed i.e. 6″
Effective depth (d) = hf – 0.75 – (3/8)/2 = 5″ (for #3 main bars)
Slab
Shrinkage reinforcement
6" 5"
Main
steel
reinforcement
10' Beam
Step No 2: Loading.
Step No 3: Analysis.
Our Slab system is:
• One-way,
• Clear spans less than 10′, and
• Exterior ends of slab are discontinuous and unrestrained.
Refer to ACI 8.3.3 or page 396, Nilson 13th Ed, following ACI moment
coefficients apply:
1/11 1/16
0 1/12 1/12 1/12
ln = 9.25' ln = 8.5'
19.92 in-k/ft
11.64 in-k/ft
Discussion: ACI analysis vs actual conditions for beam support, concepts of hinge,
roller supports etc.
Step No 4: Design.
Slab
Shrinkage reinforcement
6" 5"
Main
steel
reinforcement
10' Beam
l n = 60'-0"
hf
h
hw
bw
Figure 8: Beam cross-section.
Take h = 5′ = 60″
d = h – 3 = 57″
Step No 2: Loads.
Service Dead Load (D.L) = 0.075 + 0.03 + 0.02 = 0.125 ksf (Table 2.3)
Service Live Load (L.L) = 40 psf or 0.04 ksf (for Hall)
Beam is supporting 10′ slab. Therefore load per running foot will be as follows:
Service Dead Load from slab= 0.125 × 10 = 1.25 k/ft
Service Dead Load from beam’s self weight = hwbwγc
= (54 × 18/144) × 0.15 =1.0125 k/ft
Total Service Dead Load = 1.25 + 1.0125 =2.2625 k/ft
Service Live Load = 0.04 × 10 = 0.4 k/ft
ws = D.L +L.L = 1.0125 + 0.4 = 1.4125 k/ft
wu =1.2D.L + 1.6L.L =1.2 × 2.2625 + 1.6 × 0.4 =3.355 k/ft
Step No 3: Analysis.
3.355 k/ft
61.5'
Vu =84.71 k
103.16 k
2
wl /8 =19034 in-k
6"
d
h = 60"
d'
bars or wires of the skin reinforcement shall not exceed the least of d/6, 12
in., and 1000Ab/(d – 30). It shall be permitted to include such
reinforcement in strength computations if a strain compatibility analysis is
made to determine stress in the individual bars or wires. The total area of
longitudinal skin reinforcement in both faces need not exceed one-half of
the required flexural tensile reinforcement”.
Figure 11: Skin reinforcement for beams and joists with d > 36 inches.
ΦVs = (ΦAvfyd)/smax
ΦVs = (0.75 × 0.22 × 40 × 57/9.5) = 39.6 k
Therefore ΦVn = 84.29 + 39.6 = 123.89 k > (Vu = 87.22 k)
It means that theoretically, from a section at a distance equal to s/2 up
to a section where shear is equal to ΦVc/2, #3, 2 legged vertical
stirrups @ 9.5″ c/c shall be provided. Beyond the value of ΦVc/2, no
shear reinforcement is theoretically required. However # 3, 2 legged
vertical stirrups @ 12″ c/c are recommended to hold the flexural
reinforcement bars.
Vu = 87.22 k
φVc = 84.29 k
d = 4.75' 12.56'
s/2 = 4.75"
Theoretically no
#3 @ 9.5" c/c
stirrups needed
(3) DRAFTING:
(I) Slab (S1 and S2):
A A
MT1 MT1
60'-0"
B1
B1
B1
B1
B1
B1
B1
B1
M1 M1
M1 M1
MT1 MT1
S1 S2 S2 S2 S2 S2 S2 S2 S1
90'-0"
Bottom
Panel Depth (in) Mark Mark Top reinforcement
Reinforcement
S1 6" M1 3/8" φ @ 9" c/c MT1 3/8" φ @ 9" c/c Non continuous End
S2 6" M1 3/8" φ @ 9" c/c MT1 3/8" φ @ 9" c/c Continuous End
Section A-A. Refer to figure 5.15, chapter 5, Nelson 13th Ed for bar cutoff.
#3, 2 legged
#3, 2 legged vertical stirrups @ 9.5" c/c #3, 2 legged vertical stirrups @ 9.5" c/c
vertical stirrups @ 12" c/c
A B C Skin reinforcement
2 #8 bars
sd /2 = 4.75" #6 @ 9" c/c
(6 + 6) #8 Bars 6 #8 Bars
A B C
Greatest of d or 12d b= 3.75' #8 Spacer bars @ 3' c/c
0.14L - (greatest of d or 12d b)= 4.75'
0.14L = 8.375'
L = 60'-0"
Beam (B1) Details
(a) Use graph A2 to find location of points where bars can be bent up or cutoff for simply supported beams uniformly loaded.
(b) Approximate locations of points where bars can be bent up or cotoff for continuous beams uniformly loaded and built
integrally with their supports according to the coefficients in ACI code.
Appendix A
Comparison of ACI coefficients analysis with analysis of SAP2000 (finite element
method based software): Assumptions made in SAP model are,
a. Brick masonry walls are modeled as hinged support.
b. Slab is modeled as shell element.
c. Beams are modeled as frame elements.
Figure 13: Plan view of hall showing variation in slab moment (kip-in/in). Marked
points show the locations picked for comparison purpose.
Conclusions:
• There is more variation between SAP and ACI in slab moments.
• Less variation in beam moment.
Appendix B
Relevant Pictures
Appendix C
Minimum uniformly distributed live load:
Representative values of minimum live loads to be used in a wide variety of buildings are found
in Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures, SEI/ASCE 7-02, American Society
of Civil Engineers, a portion of which is reproduced in table C1. The table gives uniformly
distributed live loads for various types of occupancies; these include impact provisions where
necessary. These loads are expected maxima and considerably exceed average values.
Appendix D
Various Structural Configurations
60'
90'
90' x 60' Hall
60'
90'
90' x 60' Hall
60'
90'
90' x 60' Hall
60'
90'
90' x 60' Hall
60'
90'
90' x 60' Hall
60'
90'
90' x 60' Hall
60'
90'
90' x 60' Hall
60'
90'
90' x 60' Hall
60'
90'
60'
90'
90' x 60' Hall
60'
90'
90' x 60' Hall
60'
90'
90' x 60' Hall
Appendix E
Cutoff or bend points for bars in approximately equal spans with uniformly
distributed loads:
References
¾ ACI 318-02/05