SMART WATER IRRIGATION SYSTEM

TECHINCAL SEMINAR REPORT

Submitted by
YASHWANTH R (171EI195)

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

BANNARI AMMAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
(An Autonomous Institution Affiliated to Anna University, Chennai)

SATHYAMANGALAM -638401

APRIL 2020

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 BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE

Certified that this Seminar “ SMART WATER IRRIGATION SYSTEM”

is the bonafide work of “ YASHWANTH.R (171EI195)” who carried out the
technical seminar under my supervision.

SIGNATURE SIGNATURE
Ms. KALAIYARASI K Dr.C.GANESHBABU
TECHNICALSEMINAR GUIDE HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT
Assistant Professor Proessor &Head
Department of EIE, Department of EIE,
Bannari Amman Instituute of Bannari Amman Instituute of
Technology, Technology,
Sathyamangalam. Sathyamangalam.

Submitted for Viva Voice examination held on____________

INTERNAL EXAMINAR EXTERNAL EXAMINAR

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We would like to enunciate heartfelt thanks to our esteemed chairman

Dr.S.V.Balasubramaniam, and the respected Trustee Dr.M.P.Vijayakumar,
for providing excellent facilities and support during the course of study in this
institute.

We are grateful to Dr.C.GANESH BABU ,Professor and Head of the

Department, Electronics and Instrumentation for her valuable suggestions to
carry out the project work successfully.

We wish to express our sincere thanks to Ms. KALAIYARASI K Faculty

guide Professor, Electronics and Instrumentation for his constructive ideas,
inspiration, encouragement, excellent guidance and much needed technical
support extended to complete our project work.
We would like to thank our friends, faculty and non–teaching staff who
have directly and indirectly contributed to the success of this project.

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 ABSTRACT

India being an agricultural country, it has been surveyed and the found that
there exists improper water management system to the field and hence this project
has been propounded. The main objective of this project is to maintain the
irrigation system automatically by the managing water with the help of soil
moisture sensor and 555 timer integrated circuit. This system makes the people life
easier and as simple by automating the irrigation system without the necessity of
human work. This smart water irrigation system senses the moisture content
present in the soil and allow the water automatically based on condition of soil
with the help of the water pump. So, this project is very useful to irrigation process
in all the climatic conditions. The idea of this mini project is to receive output from
the soil moisture sensor where it tests the soil condition accordingly it decides to
turn ON the motor to supply water through the pump and turned OFF when there is
sufficient water present in soil. The main aim of this system is to reduce the usage
of water. Keywords: Soil moisture sensor, 555 timer IC and relay. .

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER NO TITLE PAGE NO

ABSTRACT

1. INTRODUCTION 1

2. HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS 2

2.1 Description of components 3

2.1.1. Bread board 3

2.1.2.555 timer IC 3

2.1.3.Relay 5

2.1.4.Soil moisture sensor 5

2.1.5.Variable resistor 6

2.1.6.DC Water pump 6

2.1.7.Battery 7
2.1.8Connecting wires 8

3. PRINCIPLE OF OPERATIONS 8

3.1. Circuit diagram 8

3.2. Working of circuit operation 8

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 3.3.Applications 10

4. FUTURE SCOPE 11

4.1. Merits 11

4.2.Demerits 11

5. RESULT&CONCLUSION 12

6. REERENENCE 13

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 LIST OF FIGURES

FIG.NO LABEL PAGE NO

2.1.1. Bread board 3

2.1.2 . 555 timer IC 3

2.1.3. Relay 5

2.1.4. Soil moisture sensor 5

2.1.5. Variable resistor 6

2.1.6. DC Water pump 7

2.1.7. Battery 7

2.1.8. Connecting wires 8

3.1. Circuit diagram 9

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 CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION

Since the evolution of sensors till now, there are many sensors manufactured
in which particularly moisture sensors supply water at set intervals. Whereas the
proposed objective of the project is to supply water to field crops according the
various moisture conditions. The main objective of this project is to regulate water
to the crops for irrigation process. This process is done automatically with the help
of soil moisture sensor and the 555 timer integrated circuit. During the absence of
human we need not rely help from neighbours to water the crops.
Because this system automatically supplies sufficient water to the crops with
the help of soil moisture sensor. This sensor is an electronic device which is used
to sense the moisture content present in the soil and if the moisture content level in
the soil is less, the circuit is turned ON to supply the water through water pump. If
the moisture content level in the soil is high then the circuit is automatically turned
OFF and the water supplies stopped. So this system is very useful to the irrigation
process and gardening.

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 CHAPTER 2

HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS

S.NO COMPONENTS VALUE QUANTITY

1. Variable resistor 10K 1

2. Relay 5V 1

3. DC Water pump 9V 1

4. Battery 9V 2

5. Soil moisture sensor - 1

6. 555 timer IC - 1

7. Bread board - 1

8. Connecting wires - As required

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2.1. DESCRIPTION OF COMPONENTS
2.1.1. BREAD BOARD
The bread board is also known as prototyping board or solder less board.
The advantage of this board is reusable for the different electronic circuit design. A
modern solder less bread board sockets consists of perforated block of plastic with
the numerous tin plated phosphor bronze or nickel silver alloy spring clip under the
perforations. The clips is further known as contact points.

Figure 2.1.1 Bread board

2.1.2. 555 TIMER IC

This is the most commonly used integrated circuit. The application for this
IC is used as pulse generation and oscillator application. It has totally eight pins.
This Integrated Circuit used to provide the time delay. This is the most commonly
used timer device because of low cost, easily maintenance and stability. It has a
three mode of operations, they are astable, monostable and bistable operations.

Fig 2.1.2 555 timer IC

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PIN DESCRIPTION

Fig 2.1.2 Pin description

● 1 - Ground

● 2 - Trigger

● 3 - Output

● 4 - Reset

● 5 - Control voltage

● 6 - Threshold

● 7 - Discharge

● 8 - Vcc

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2.1.3. RELAY
It is an electronic switch. It consists of two terminals, one of this input
terminal and another one is contact terminal. The single and multi control signals
are set of input terminals. It is used to control the electronic circuit by independent
low power signal. A Relay is used in telephone exchanges and it also performs the
logical operations was shown in the fig 2.1.3.

Figure 2.1.3. Relay

2.1.4. SOIL MOISTURE SENSOR

This sensor is used to sense the moisture content present in the soil. It has
two long conductors separated by the distance. These conductors are called the
electrodes. These two electrodes are immersed in the soil. The sensor has a Vcc
ground and signal pins along with the digital pin which provides signal directly.
The signal pin gives the analog value proportional to the amount of a moisture
content present in the soil.The moisture in the soil is measured indirectly by
measuring the conductivity of the soil. The voltage value is the potential drop at
the electrodes.

Figure 2.1.4 Soil Moisture Sensor

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2.1.5. VARIABLE RESISTOR
It is also called as potentiometer. It has totally three pins or the terminals. It
isa electronic component which is used to control the electronic device. This is
used to vary the resistance value in the circuit. This was shown in the fig 2.1.5.

Figure 2.1.5 Variable resistor

2.1.6. DC WATER PUMP

Centrifugal pump are the most preferred pumping devices in the hydraulic
world. The major part of this system lies the impeller. The impeller is always
immersed in the water. When the impeller rotates, it makes the fluid surrounding
isalso to rotate. The water moving out will be collected inside it. And it will move
in the same direction of rotation of impeller. It is connected to the motor with the
help of shaft was shown in the fig 2.1.6.

Figure 2.1.6 DC water pump

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2.1.7. BATTERY
When the electrolyte contains two dissimilar metals, it develops the potential
difference between them. The electrolyte is nothing but the specific compounds of
positive and negative ions combination. The energy is released when neutral atom
accepts electron. This term called electron affinity, it differs for a different atomic
structure. Thus the potential difference can be utilised as a source of the voltage for
any electronics. This is the major function of battery where shown in the fig 2.1.7.

Fig 2.1.7 Battery

2.1.8. CONNECTING WIRES

The connecting wires permits electric current to travel from one source to
another in a circuit. Most of the connecting wires are created from copper or
aluminium. This was shown in the fig 2.1.8.

Fig 2.1.8 Connecting wires

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 CHAPTER 3
PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION
3.1. CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

Figure 3.1 Circuit connection for Irrigation system

3.2. WORKING PRINCIPLE OF CIRCUIT OPERATION

In this, we saw about the working principle of this project. When the soil is
dry it has high resistance and the soil is wet it has a low resistance. By using this
concept, we make the system to work. Then the two probes of the soil moisture
sensor is immersed in the soil and a conduction takes place when the soil is wet. If
it is in dry condition, it does not conduct. The conduction takes place with the help
of voltage given to the probe from the battery. The voltage drop produced when a
soil is dry. This system works a automatically detect in this condition with the
help of soil moisture sensor. The soil moisture sensor fig.2.1.4triggers the NE555
timer IC. The NE555 timer IC is triggered at the pin 2 and the pin 3 will generate
the output. The timer IC was configured as an astable multivibrator will help to
switch ON the relay. As a result, the DC water pump is turned ON and the water
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will flow to the soil through water pump. If the soil is under wet condition, this
will stop the triggering of electrical pulse. This makes an electric valve to close
and the DC motor will stop working. This operation is shown in the fig.3.1

Figure 3.2 Flowchart for working operation

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3.3. APPLICATIONS TO BE USED

This project can be used in,

● Useful for irrigation in field

● Home gardening

● Roof gardening

● It is very effective in pisciculture

● It is efficient for paddy and rice fields.

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 CHAPTER 4
FUTURE SCOPE

The system Works mainly based on the output given by the soil moisture
sensor. Whenever there is a present of excess water then this sensor does not given
the desired output. DTMF technology provides a key for the future extension.
DTMF technology is nothing but the Dual Tone Multiple Frequency technology.
The soil moisture sensor can be operated with the help of DTMF technology. To
operate this sensor we have to make call to the phone which is attached to sensor.
The phone will be automatically answered and we can control the sensor with the
help of keypad attached to it. With the help of phone we can turn ON and turn off
the sensor. A Motor is operated accordingly to the amount of moisture content in
the soil.

4.1. MERITS

● Low cost

● Man power is less

● Works with the varying soil condition

● Highly reliable

● Can handle large loads

● High sensitivity

● Working as automatically

4.2 .DEMERITS
● It is only applicable for small area.

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 CHAPTER 5
RESULT & CONCLUSION
Thus, the Soil moisture sensor based Smart Water irrigation System was
tested successfully. This project was designed with the help of a hardware
components such as relay, 555 timer IC, variable resistor, dc water pump and a
battery. These components are placed carefully on bread board to working of the
unit. The soil moisture sensor used to measure the level of water content present in
the soil. If the moisture content of soil is not in desired level, it sends the signal to
the board that triggers the dc water pump to supply the water (ON state) and it
automatically turns OFF, if the moisture level is in desired level.
In present days, the farmers face many problems and then one among the
main problems are watering their irrigation field. The main reason of this problem
has been due to power supply. Because they do not have proper schedule of a
power supply. So, this system will be very useful to farmers due to its feasibility.

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 CHAPTER 6
REFERENCES
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[4] M.P.Durisic , Z.Tafa and G.Dimic – a survey of military applications of
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[6] Y.Kim and R.G. Evans – software design for wireless sensor based site specific
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[7] J.Yick and D.Ghosal – wireless sensor network survey, || vol.52, Aug 2008.
[8] Soil moisture information
https://en.Wikipedia.org / wiki / soil moisture sensor.
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healthcare, || vol.14, no.2, Mar 2013.
[10] M.C. Rodriguez- Sanchez, S. Borromeo – wireless sensor network for
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