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    Dipole Moment: Ii) Magnitude of Charge

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    Abdul Akber
    The dipole moment of a molecule expresses its polarity and is calculated as the product of the magnitude of charge and the distance between opposite charges. It is measured in Debye and depends on factors like electronegativity differences between atoms, the magnitude of charges, and molecular geometry. Non-polar molecules like H2 have zero dipole moment, while polar diatomic molecules and those with angular structures have particular non-zero dipole moment values due to asymmetric charge distributions.

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    Dipole Moment: Ii) Magnitude of Charge

    Uploaded by

    Abdul Akber
    25 views1 page
    The dipole moment of a molecule expresses its polarity and is calculated as the product of the magnitude of charge and the distance between opposite charges. It is measured in Debye and depends on factors like electronegativity differences between atoms, the magnitude of charges, and molecular geometry. Non-polar molecules like H2 have zero dipole moment, while polar diatomic molecules and those with angular structures have particular non-zero dipole moment values due to asymmetric charge distributions.

    Original Description:

    Bond Energy chemistry chapter 3

    Original Title

    BondEnegry

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    The dipole moment of a molecule expresses its polarity and is calculated as the product of the magnitude of charge and the distance between opposite charges. It is measured in Debye and depends on factors like electronegativity differences between atoms, the magnitude of charges, and molecular geometry. Non-polar molecules like H2 have zero dipole moment, while polar diatomic molecules and those with angular structures have particular non-zero dipole moment values due to asymmetric charge distributions.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    25 views1 page

    Dipole Moment: Ii) Magnitude of Charge

    Uploaded by

    Abdul Akber
    The dipole moment of a molecule expresses its polarity and is calculated as the product of the magnitude of charge and the distance between opposite charges. It is measured in Debye and depends on factors like electronegativity differences between atoms, the magnitude of charges, and molecular geometry. Non-polar molecules like H2 have zero dipole moment, while polar diatomic molecules and those with angular structures have particular non-zero dipole moment values due to asymmetric charge distributions.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 1

    Dipole Moment

    Introduction:
    The degree of polarity of a molecule is expressed in terms of dipole moment.

    Definition:
    “The product of magnitude of charge on a molecule and the distance between charges of equal magnitude with opposite sign is
    called dipole moment.”

    Mathematically:
    Dipole moment = charge × distance

    µ =e×d

    Unit:
    Debye OR Coulomb × meter OR E.S.U. × cm (E.S.U : electro static unit of electric charge)

    Factors affecting on Dipole Moment:


    i) Polarity of molecules:
    Dipole moments arise from differences in electronegativity. The larger the difference in electronegativity, the larger the dipole
    moment. The dipole moment is a measure of the polarity of the molecule.

    ii) Magnitude of Charge:


    Dipole moment is directly proportional to the magnitude.

    iii) Geometry of Molecule:


    a) Homo-nuclear diatomic molecules (Non-polar molecules), polyatomic molecules of linear structure and polyatomic molecules
    of symmetrical structure have zero dipole moment

    Homo-nuclear diatomic molecules Poly atomic molecules of linear structure Poly atomic molecules of symmetrical structure
    H2, O2,Cl2 CO2 , CS2 CH4, CCl4 and C6H6

    b) Diatomic molecules of different atom (Polar molecules) and molecules having angular structure have particular values of
    dipole moment.

    Diatomic polar molecules Poly atomic molecules of angular structure


    i) HF 1.9 Debye i) H2O 1.84 Debye
    ii) HCl 1.03 Debye ii) NH3 1.46 Debye

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