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    Polarity of Molecules

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    Denice De Guzman
    1. The document discusses molecular polarity and how it depends on two factors: the type of bonds in a molecule (ionic, polar covalent, nonpolar covalent) and the arrangement of those bonds or the shape of the molecule. 2. It provides examples of how molecular shape determines polarity, such as linear, tetrahedral, trigonal planar/pyramidal, and bent molecules. Symmetric molecules with polar bonds are nonpolar overall, while asymmetrical molecules with polar bonds are polar. 3. The document explains how to determine polarity using Lewis electron dot structures and electronegativity values, with more difference leading to more polarity. It also discusses dipole moments and provides an exercise for students to determine

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    Polarity of Molecules

    Uploaded by

    Denice De Guzman
    80 views14 pages
    1. The document discusses molecular polarity and how it depends on two factors: the type of bonds in a molecule (ionic, polar covalent, nonpolar covalent) and the arrangement of those bonds or the shape of the molecule. 2. It provides examples of how molecular shape determines polarity, such as linear, tetrahedral, trigonal planar/pyramidal, and bent molecules. Symmetric molecules with polar bonds are nonpolar overall, while asymmetrical molecules with polar bonds are polar. 3. The document explains how to determine polarity using Lewis electron dot structures and electronegativity values, with more difference leading to more polarity. It also discusses dipole moments and provides an exercise for students to determine

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    1. The document discusses molecular polarity and how it depends on two factors: the type of bonds in a molecule (ionic, polar covalent, nonpolar covalent) and the arrangement of those bonds or the shape of the molecule. 2. It provides examples of how molecular shape determines polarity, such as linear, tetrahedral, trigonal planar/pyramidal, and bent molecules. Symmetric molecules with polar bonds are nonpolar overall, while asymmetrical molecules with polar bonds are polar. 3. The document explains how to determine polarity using Lewis electron dot structures and electronegativity values, with more difference leading to more polarity. It also discusses dipole moments and provides an exercise for students to determine

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    80 views14 pages

    Polarity of Molecules

    Uploaded by

    Denice De Guzman
    1. The document discusses molecular polarity and how it depends on two factors: the type of bonds in a molecule (ionic, polar covalent, nonpolar covalent) and the arrangement of those bonds or the shape of the molecule. 2. It provides examples of how molecular shape determines polarity, such as linear, tetrahedral, trigonal planar/pyramidal, and bent molecules. Symmetric molecules with polar bonds are nonpolar overall, while asymmetrical molecules with polar bonds are polar. 3. The document explains how to determine polarity using Lewis electron dot structures and electronegativity values, with more difference leading to more polarity. It also discusses dipole moments and provides an exercise for students to determine

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 14

    Molecular Polarity

    Prof. Evangelina B. Mora


    Department of Physical Sciences
    College of Arts and Sciences
    Cavite State University
    Indang, Cavite
    Polarity of Molecules

    Depends on 2 factors.

    1. Type of bonds in the molecule

    (e.g. ionic, polar covalent, nonpolar covalent)

    A polar covalent bond has unequal sharing of electrons between two


    atoms. In a polar covalent bond, one atom typically has a negative
    charge, and the other atom has a positive charge
    Polarity of Molecules
    A nonpolar covalent bond has equal sharing of electrons.

    2. Arrangement of bonds or shape of molecule


    (e.g. linear, trigonal planar, tetrahedral)

    A molecule may contain polar bonds, but may not be polar! It depends
    on the geometry of the molecule.

    If molecule is symmetric, the “pull” of one polar bond is offset by the


    “pull” of another polar bond.

    Example: CO2
    Polarity of Molecules
    1. Linear molecules
    Nonpolar if the ends are the same – BeCl2
    Polar if the ends are different - HCN
    2. Tetrahedral
    Nonpolar if all 4 corners are the same – CH4
    Polar if even 1 corner is different – CH3Cl
    3. Trigonal Planar/Pyramidal
    Always polar – CH2O
    4. Bent molecules
    Always polar – H2O
    Determining the polarity of molecules

    1. Lewis Electron Dot Structure (LEDS)

    2. Electronegativity Values

    The bigger the electronegativity difference the more polar the bond.
    Determining the polarity of molecules

    The bigger the electronegativity difference the more polar the bond.

    Type of Bond Electronegativity Difference

    Nonpolar Covalent 0  0.4

    Polar Covalent 0.5  1.9

    Ionic 2.0  4.0


    How to show a bond is polar

    Isn’t a whole charge just a partial charge


    d+ means a partially positive (less electronegative)
    d- means a partially negative (more electronegative)
    d+ d-
    H Cl
    The Cl pulls harder on the electrons
    The electrons spend more time near the Cl
    Symmetrical Molecules

    Because of symmetry, molecules that have polar bonds are


    overall nonpolar molecules (+ and – charges cancel out or
    balance out)
    Examples:
    CO2 BF3

    CCl4
    Asymmetrical Molecules
    If a molecule has polar bonds (and there is no
    symmetry to cancel out + and – charges), the
    molecule is polar.
    Examples:
    H2O HCl

    NH3
    Dipole
    When there is unequal sharing of electrons a dipole
    exists.
    Dipole is a molecule that has two poles or regions with
    opposite charges

    A dipole is represented by a
    dipole arrow pointing towards the
    more negative end
    Dipole
    Bond type, Molecular shape and Molecular type
    Exercise on Polarity of Molecules
    Determine the polarity of the given molecules (ionic, polar covalent or
    nonpolar covalent) using electronegativity difference and LEDS
    (30pts.) Do this with a partner.
    1. CF4 6. HCN
    2. SO2 7. Na2S
    3. H2CO3 8. CaO
    4. NO2 9. CH3CH3
    5. HBr 10. I2
    Note: Use the periodic table for the electronegativity values of the elements.

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