CASE REPORT

Severe unilateral scissors-bite with a

constricted mandibular arch: Bite turbos
and extra-alveolar bone screws in the
infrazygomatic crests and mandibular
buccal shelf
Shuang-An Lee,a Chris C. H. Chang,b and W. Eugene Robertsc
HsinChu City, Taiwan, Indianapolis, Ind, and Loma Linda, Calif

A 33-year-old woman had a chief complaint of difficulty chewing, caused by a constricted mandibular arch
and a unilateral full buccal crossbite (scissors-bite or Brodie bite). She requested minimally invasive treat-
ment but agreed to anchorage with extra-alveolar temporary anchorage devices as needed. Her facial form
was convex with protrusive but competent lips. Skeletally, the maxilla was protrusive (SNA, 86 ) with an
ANB angle of 5 . Amounts of crowding were 5 mm in the mandibular arch and 3 mm in the maxillary
arch. The mandibular midline was deviated to the left about 2 mm, which was consistent with a medially
and inferiorly displaced mandibular right condyle. Ectopic eruption of the maxillary right permanent first
molar to the buccal side of the mandibular first molar cusps resulted in a 2-mm functional shift of the
mandible to the left, which subsequently developed into a full buccal crossbite on the right side. Treatment
was a conservative nonextraction approach with passive self-ligating brackets. Glass ionomer bite turbos
were bonded on the occlusal surfaces of the maxillary left molars at 1 month into treatment. An extra-
alveolar temporary anchorage device, a 2 3 12-mm OrthoBoneScrew (Newton A, HsinChu City, Taiwan),
was inserted in the right mandibular buccal shelf. Elastomeric chains, anchored by the OrthoBoneScrew,
extended to lingual buttons bonded on the lingually inclined mandibular right molars. Cross elastics were
added as secondary uprighting mechanics. The maxillary right bite turbos were reduced at 4 months and
removed 1 month later. At 11 months, bite turbos were bonded on the lingual surfaces of the maxillary cen-
tral incisors, and an OrthoBoneScrew was inserted in each infrazygomatic crest. The Class II relationship
was resolved with bimaxillary retraction of the maxillary arch with infrazygomatic crest anchorage and inter-
maxillary elastics. Interproximal reduction was performed to correct the black interdental spaces and the
anterior flaring of the incisors. The scissors-bite and lingually inclined mandibular right posterior segment
were sufficiently corrected after 3 months of treatment to establish adequate intermaxillary occlusion in
the right posterior segments to intrude the maxillary right molars. The anterior bite turbos opened space
for extrusion of the posterior teeth to level the mandibular arch, and the infrazygomatic crest bone screws
anchored the retraction of the maxillary arch. In 27 months, this difficult malocclusion, with a Discrepancy
Index score of 25, was treated to a Cast-Radiograph Evaluation score of 22 and a pink and white esthetic
score of 3. (Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2018;154:554-69)

A
a buccal crossbite is a malocclusion when the
Bell Dental Clinic, HsinChu City, Taiwan.
b
Beethoven Orthodontic Center, HsinChu City, Taiwan. palatal cusp of the maxillary tooth is buccal to
c
School of Dentistry, Indiana University, Indianapolis; Department of Mechanical the buccal cusp of the opposing mandibular
Engineering, Indiana University and Purdue University at Indianapolis, Indianapolis;
dentition; a lingual crossbite is when the maxillary
School of Dentistry, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, Calif.
All authors have completed and submitted the ICMJE Form for Disclosure of buccal cusp is lingual to the buccal cusp tip of the
Potential Conflicts of Interest, and none were reported. opposing mandibular tooth. Brodie1 defined a malocclu-
Address correspondence to: W. Eugene Roberts, 8260 Skipjack Dr, Indianapolis,
sion as a “Brodie bite” or “Brodie syndrome” when the
IN 46236; e-mail, werobert@iu.edu; werobert@me.com.
Submitted, January 2017; revised and accepted, March 2017. mandibular jaw “telescoped” within the upper arch: ie,
0889-5406/$36.00 the mandibular teeth are completely contained within
Ó 2018 by the American Association of Orthodontists. All rights reserved.
the maxillary arch. Sim2 preferred the more generic
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajodo.2017.03.032

554
Lee, Chang, and Roberts 555

Fig 1. Pretreatment facial and intraoral photographs.

term “bilateral buccal crossbite,” but van der Linden and right posterior segment, a Class I molar relationship on
Boersma3 introduced the term “scissors-bite” for the to- the left, an anterior deep overbite, canting of the
tal “endo-occlusion" of the mandibular posterior teeth. occlusal plane down on the right, and mandibular ante-
Moyers4 characterized a bilateral buccal crossbite as a rior crowding (Fig 1). The mandible deviated to the left
skeletal disharmony between the mandible and the on closure resulting in a dental midline shift 2 mm to
maxilla. If the scissors-bite is bilateral, the mandible the left (Fig 2). The dental casts showed that the maxil-
may be functionally retruded; if it is unilateral, there is lary right posterior teeth impinged on the mandibular
often a cant to the occlusal plane and a lateral deviation gingiva, and there was no intercuspation of the right
of the mandible.4,5 posterior segment (Figs 3 and 4).
The pretreatment cephalometric analysis showed a
DIAGNOSIS AND ETIOLOGY protrusive pattern of the maxilla, incisors, and lips (Fig
The patient's chief concern was the inability to chew 5; Table). The panoramic radiograph showed extrusion
on the right side. Her medical and dental histories were of the mandibular right posterior segment (Fig 6) consis-
noncontributory. Facially, she had a convex profile tent with the unilateral scissors-bite. The temporoman-
with protrusive lips (Fig 1), but her dental smile line dibular joint radiographs showed no significant
was acceptable. The intraoral examination showed a difference in the morphology or kinematics (movement)
scissors-bite on the right, a lingually inclined mandibular of the right and left condyles in the open and rest

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556 Lee, Chang, and Roberts

Fig 3. Dental casts showed the maxillary right premolars

and molars impinging on the mandibular gingiva.

Fig 2. A, Mandibular dental midline was deviated 2 mm

to the left when closed; B, the midline was coincident
the occlusal cant due to the extruded maxillary right
when the bite was opened.
buccal segment, (4) achieve Class I canine and molar re-
lationships, (5) correct the midline discrepancy, (6) pro-
duce ideal overbite and overjet relationships, (7)
(closed) positions (Fig 7), but the right condylar head in optimize the intermaxillary occlusion, and (8) correct
the rest position was more posteriorly and inferiorly facial convexity and asymmetry.
positioned, which was consistent with mandibular devi-
ation on closing (Fig 2). No temporomandibular disorder TREATMENT ALTERNATIVES
signs or symptoms were reported or clinically evident. Unilateral or bilateral scissors-bite of the entire
Asymmetric malocclusions such as scissors-bite may buccal segment can be corrected with orthognathic sur-
be associated with temporomandibular disorders,6 and gery, biteplates, or extensive use of interradicular tem-
the etiology of the buccal crossbite may be genetic, porary anchorage devices (TADs) in both arches.6,9-13
congenital, or developmental.7 There was no history or However, all of these approaches are complicated,
morphologic evidence of a skeletal or dental anomaly because the asymmetric tooth movements necessary to
in this patient, so the most likely etiology was develop- finish the occlusion are challenging. No ideal dental
mental: a buccal ectopic eruption of the maxillary right alignments after treatment have been reported. A more
first molar at about age 6 years. This abnormal eruption conservative approach with the potential for a more
pattern produces a functional shift of the mandible that ideal outcome was to reverse the etiology of the
results in the rest of the buccal segment erupting in scissors-bite by opening the vertical dimension of the
buccal crossbite during the late transitional stage of occlusion with glass ionomer bite turbos. With adequate
dental development (10-12 years).7 The American Board occlusal clearance, the axial inclinations of the right
of Orthodontic Discrepancy Index score for this maloc- buccal segments could be readily corrected with elastics
clusion was 25 points (Supplemental Fig 1).8 anchored by a mandibular buccal shelf bone screw (min-
iscrew) on the right side. Additional extra-alveolar TADs
TREATMENT OBJECTIVES in the infrazygomatic crest are needed to correct the
The treatment objectives were to (1) correct the uni- maxillary protrusion. Once normal bilateral occlusion is
lateral posterior scissors-bite, (2) upright the lingually restored, optimal dental function facilitates the ortho-
inclined mandibular right buccal segment, (3) eliminate dontic finishing.

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Lee, Chang, and Roberts 557

Fig 4. Pretreatment dental casts.

Table. Cephalometric summary

Pretreatment Posttreatment Difference
Skeletal analysis
SNA (82 ) 86 85 1
SNB (80 ) 81 81 0
ANB (2 ) 5 4 1
SN-MP (32 ) 34 35 1
FMA (25 ) 27 28 1
Dental analysis
U1 to NA (4 mm) 4 mm 0 mm 4 mm
U1 to SN (104 ) 104 98 6
L1 to NB (4 mm) 9 mm 6 mm 3 mm
L1 to MP (90 ) 100 90 10
Facial analysis
E-line UL (–1 mm) 2 mm 1 mm 1 mm
E-line LL (0 mm) 3 mm 1 mm 2 mm
Numbers in parentheses in the first column represent norms in
Beethoven Orthodontic Center.
U1, Maxillary central incisor; L1, mandibular central incisor; UL,
upper lip; LL, lower lip.
Fig 5. Pretreatment lateral cephalometric radiograph.

The patient was opposed to orthognathic surgery, ex- and she was prepared for the occlusal inconvenience
tractions, and compliance-dependent devices, but she when the vertical dimension of the occlusion was
still desired an ideal result. The conservative option opened at the start of treatment. After an explanation
with bite turbos and bone screws was her preference, of the anchorage requirements, she agreed to extra-

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558 Lee, Chang, and Roberts

archwire was changed to 0.014 3 0.025-in copper-

nickel-titanium to resolve the remaining rotations,
begin torque control, and continue the correction of
arch symmetry. In month 6, the archwires were
changed to 0.017 3 0.025-in titanium-molybdenum
alloy in the maxillary arch and 0.014 3 0.025-in
copper-nickel-titanium in the mandibular arch. A
lingual crossbite tendency was noted for the left mo-
lars; thus, 2 buttons were bonded on the palatal sur-
faces of the maxillary left molars to anchor the cross
elastics (Chipmunk, 1/8-in, 3.5-oz). In month 7, the
Fig 6. Pretreatment panoramic radiograph. maxillary archwire was changed to 0.016 3 0.025-in
stainless steel, which was adjusted to deliver progres-
sive lingual root torque on the right premolar and
molar segments to improve the overjet and intermax-
alveolar TADs for mandibular right posterior alignment illary alignment. The stainless steel archwire was also
and retraction of the maxillary arch. To optimize dental constricted to develop a more symmetric arch form.
esthetics, interproximal reduction was required to cor- A 0.017 3 0.025-in titanium-molybdenum alloy arch-
rect her black triangles. wire was placed in the mandibular arch. In month 9,
the archwire was changed to 0.019 3 0.025-in stain-
TREATMENT PROGRESS less steel in the maxillary arch to finalize torque con-
A 0.022-in slot Damon Q fixed appliance (Ormco, trol, with 0.016 3 0.025-in stainless steel in the
Glendora, Calif) with passive self-ligating brackets mandibular arch to establish symmetry.
was selected along with all specified archwires and In month 10, an open bite was noted in the left
orthodontic auxiliaries. Standard torque brackets posterior segment as the bilateral occlusion was estab-
were bonded on all teeth in the maxillary arch. One lished. As the lateral open bite closed, a deeper ante-
month later, the mandibular arch was also bonded rior overbite occurred that subsequently required bite
with standard torque brackets. The initial archwires turbos on the maxillary central incisors. In retrospect,
were 0.014-in copper-nickel-titanium. Two occlusal it would have been wiser to further intrude the molars
bite turbos were constructed with Fuji II type II on the right side to close the lateral open bite on the
glass ionomer cement (GC America, Alsip, Ill) on left side. This approach would have decreased or pre-
the maxillary left molars to increase the intermaxil- vented the tendency for clockwise rotation of the
lary space to allow the collapsed mandibular right mandible.
molars to upright with no resistance (Fig 8). The me- As the occlusion settled after crossbite correction,
chanics to correct the scissors-bite were (1) an extra- the intermaxillary relationship was Class II. In month
alveolar mandibular buccal shelf OrthoBoneScrew 11, posterior bone screws were inserted bilaterally
(2 3 12-mm; Newton's A, HsinChu City, Taiwan) in- into the maxillary extra-alveolar infrazygomatic crests.
serted in the mandibular rightbuccal shelf,14-17 with Power chains were applied from the canines to the
2 power chains connected from the miniscrew to extra-alveolar infrazygomatic crest bone screws to
the 2 buttons on the lingual side of each improve the protrusive profile by retracting the entire
mandibular right molar, and (2) 2 cross elastics maxillary dentition. Class II elastics (Fox, 1/4-in,
(Chipmunk, 1/8-in, 3.5-oz; Ormco, Glendora CA) 3.5-oz; Ormco) and the bite turbos bonded on the
applied on the maxillary right and mandibular right palatal surface of the maxillary central incisors simul-
molars. In month 4, the scissors-bite was corrected, taneously corrected the deep overbite, anterior overjet,
so the thickness of the occlusal bite turbos was pro- and Class II molar relationships.
gressively reduced to begin establishing a normal During the detailing phase, the brackets were repo-
bilateral posterior occlusion. sitioned to correct the marginal ridge discrepancies.
As the molars uprighted, the 6-mm distance be- Interproximal reductions reshaped the maxillary and
tween the mandibular right miniscrew and the molar mandibular incisors to eliminate the black interdental
tube decreased to 0 mm (Fig 9). The mandibular spaces and increase the interproximal spaces between
buccal shelf bone screw and occlusal bite turbos the incisors to resolve anterior flaring (Fig 10). Two
were removed in month 5 of treatment. The maxillary weeks before the completion of active treatment, the

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Lee, Chang, and Roberts 559

Fig 7. Pretreatment temporomandibular joint transcranial radiographs of the right (R) and left (L) sides
in the rest and open positions. The mandibular condyles are outlined in red. See text for details.

Fig 8. In month 1 of treatment, 0.014-in copper-nickel-titanium archwires were placed in both arches.
Elastomeric chains from the lingual buttons on the mandibular right molars were activated with the
mandibular buccal shelf bone screw (yellow arrows in A, B, D, and F). A, Bite turbos were added to
the occlusal surfaces of the maxillary left molars (green arrow); B, buccal view shows that the bite is
opened about 5 mm (green arrow); C, cross elastics supplement the lateral force (white arrows) of
the elastomeric chains; D, elastomeric chains attached to the mandibular buccal shelf bone screw (yel-
low arrow); E, occlusal view shows the positions of the bite turbos (green arrows); F, buccal force from
the lingual buttons on the mandibular right molars (blue arrows) is activated by attaching the elasto-
meric chains to the mandibular buccal shelf bone screw (yellow arrow).

maxillary archwire was sectioned distally to the ca- occlusion.18 After 27 months of active treatment, all
nines, and continuous intermaxillary elastics (Ostrich, appliances were removed, and retention was accom-
3/4-in, 2-oz; Ormco) were used to settle the posterior plished with maxillary and mandibular clear overlay

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560 Lee, Chang, and Roberts

Fig 9. The scissors-bite is documented at the start of treatment (0M). The elastomeric chains activated
by the mandibular buccal shelf bone screw are shown at 1 month into treatment (1M). The blue bar
shows that the distance from the bone screw to the first molar is about 7 mm (middle right). At 4 months
(4M), the molars have moved about 6 mm to the buccal aspect, and the distance from the molar to the
bone screw is only about 1 mm (lower right).

Fig 10. The interproximal reduction procedure is shown before and after the incisors were reshaped to
eliminate the black interdental spaces, increase the contact area, and provide space for retraction of the
anterior segment. Note that bite turbos were necessary on the palatal surfaces of the central incisors to
control the overbite as the incisors were retracted to reduce lip protrusion.

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Lee, Chang, and Roberts 561

Fig 11. Frontal views of the treatment sequence before treatment and after brackets were bonded on
the maxillary arch (0M). Progress is shown at treatment times in months: 1M, 4M, 10M, 16M, 24M, and
27M.

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562 Lee, Chang, and Roberts

Fig 11. (continued).

retainers, worn nights only after 6 months. The entire (Supplemental Fig 3).19 The major residual problems
treatment sequence is documented in Figure 11 and were the marginal ridge discrepancies and inadequate
Supplemental Figure 2. occlusal contacts.
The posttreatment panoramic film (Fig 15)
TREATMENT RESULTS showed good axial inclinations of all teeth except
The patient's convex profile was improved by retrac- the mandibular molars, which had a root-mesial axial
tion of the maxillary arch and protrusive lips (Fig 12). inclination that resulted in marginal ridge discrep-
The scissors-bite was successfully resolved by opening ancies. The cephalometric film (Fig 16) and superim-
the bite, uprighting the lingually inclined buccal posed tracings (Fig 17) showed that the lip protrusion
segment and intruding the maxillary right posterior was corrected. The SNA decreased from 86 to 85
dentition (Fig 13). The subsequent anterior deep over- due to bone modeling during retraction of the maxil-
bite and mandibular dental midline deviation were also lary incisors. Both SN-MP and FMA increased by 1
corrected (Fig 14). Near ideal dental alignment was due to the clockwise mandibular rotation (Table;
achieved as evidenced by the American Board of Ortho- Fig 17), which appeared to reflect inadequate intru-
dontics Cast-Radiograph Evaluation score of 22 points sion of the mandibular right first molar (Fig 15).

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Lee, Chang, and Roberts 563

Fig 12. Posttreatment facial and intraoral photographs.

Fig 13. Right lateral views of the pretreatment and posttreatment dental casts show intrusion of the
maxillary right posterior teeth, relative to a dotted red line marking the plane of the desired gingival mar-
gins. Note that the mandibular right posterior teeth are not visible on the pretreatment cast.

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564 Lee, Chang, and Roberts

Fig 14. Posttreatment dental casts.

Fig 15. Posttreatment panoramic radiograph.

The maxillary incisors were retracted and extruded,

and the mandibular incisors were retracted and
intruded. The maxillary molars were retracted and
Fig 16. Posttreatment lateral cephalometric radiograph.
intruded, but the mandibular molars were retracted
and extruded. The posttreatment temporomandibular
joint transcranial radiographs (Fig 18) showed that
the condylar heads returned to symmetric
morphology and kinematics. The patient reported DISCUSSION
no temporomandibular disorder signs or symptoms The first consideration for scissors-bite correction
before, during, or after treatment. is to determine whether orthognathic surgery is neces-
The pink and white dental esthetic score20 was 3 sary.13 A wide variety of orthodontic mechanics has
points (Supplemental Fig 4). The patient was well satis- been proposed: intermaxillary cross elastics,6 TAD
fied with her esthetics and functional occlusion. anchorage,9,10,12,13 removable plate with a nickel-

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Lee, Chang, and Roberts 565

Fig 17. Pretreatment (black) and posttreatment (red) cephalometric tracings are superimposed on the
anterior cranial base (left), the maxilla (upper right), and the mandible (lower right). The incisors were
retracted, and lip protrusion was reduced. Because of the poor alignment on the right side, the molars in
the tracings are from the left side. Intrusion of the maxillary right buccal segment is shown in Figure 13.
See text for details.

Fig 18. The posttreatment transcranial radiographs of both temporomandibular joints show that the pa-
tient's condylar heads (outlined in red) are symmetric in length and shape. Morphology and kinematics
are similar for both sides in the rest and open positions.

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566 Lee, Chang, and Roberts

Fig 19. Comparing the interradicular bone screw (right) Fig 21. The head position height of an extra-alveolar
with the contralateral extra-alveolar bone screw (left), it bone screw can be controlled by the clinician. The force
is evident that the elevated head position and more anchored by the higher (more superficial) bone screw
buccal position of the extra-alveolar TAD, relative to the head (left) delivers more buccal and less intrusive force
center of rotation of the molar root (pink lines), provides compared with a screw head positioned more closely to
a mechanical advantage for uprighting the molar (left). the soft tissue (right).

extrusive force that may result in clockwise rotation

of the mandible, cant of the occlusal plane, occlusal
prematurities, or anterior open bite. In addition, coop-
eration is a critical factor with a removable plate11 or
cross elastics.25
Interradicular miniscrews are commonly used as skel-
etal anchorage because they are relatively easy to place,
provide direct anchorage to intrude teeth, and do not
require compliance.10,12,25,26 However, a scissors-bite
of multiple teeth with a large vertical overlap is difficult
to correct with routine orthodontic mechanics, even with
bone screw anchorage, especially in an adult. Therefore,
severe scissors-bite problems have been corrected with
surgical orthodontics.6,27,28
Our patient had a scissors-bite of the maxillary right
buccal segment that articulated with a lingually tipped
Fig 20. The extra-alveolar bone screw can be positioned mandibular right buccal segment. The extruded maxil-
buccal to the second molar or between the first and lary right molars and premolars impinged on the
second molars. Either configuration is a viable alternative mandibular gingiva (Fig 3). Orthognathic surgery is usu-
depending on the patient's anatomy because of the arch- ally indicated for such a severe malocclusion. However,
wire, which transfers uprighting force to all teeth in the
extra-alveolar TADs with contralateral bite turbos al-
buccal segment.
lowed reversal of the etiology of the malocclusion by
intruding the maxillary right buccal segment and up-
righting the mandibular right buccal segment. There
titanium wire,11 transpalatal arch with intramaxillary
were 3 steps in this correction process.
elastics,21,22 quad-helix,23 and lingual arch appliances
with intramaxillary elastics.24 The vertical overlap of a 1. Adequate bite opening. A 5-mm posterior open bite
buccal crossbite requires dental intrusion or opening was created with bite turbos to allow the buccal
of the bite to correct the cusp in a fossa discrepancy. cusps of the mandibular right molar and premolars
For instance, unilateral cross elastics produce an to pass the lingual cusps of the opposing maxillary

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Lee, Chang, and Roberts 567

Fig 22. Lateral cephalometric radiographs compare lip protrusion before, during, and after treatment
with the esthetic plane, a yellow line connecting the tip of the nose with the most anterior contour of
the chin (Pg'). Before treatment (0M), the patient's lips were slightly protrusive. In month 1 of treatment
(1M), a 5-mm open bite was created by the occlusal bite turbo on the upper left side. In month 11 (11M),
more pronounced maxillary lip protrusion was noted. Bilateral extra-alveolar infrazygomatic crest bone
screws were placed to retract the maxillary arch. In month 27 of treatment (27M), lip protrusion was cor-
rected to the Na-Pg' line (esthetic plane).

buccal segment (Fig 8). The bite turbos were Interradicular TADs interfere with movement of
reduced and eventually removed when the posterior the teeth, and frequent replacement would be
overjet was corrected. necessary. (c) Variable head position. The OrthoBo-
2. Simultaneous intrusion and buccal tipping. Elastic neScrew head can be positioned as close to the soft
chains attached to the lingual buttons on the tissue as needed. The clinician can screw it in deeper
mandibular right molars pass over the occlusal sur- if a more intrusive force component is needed (Fig
faces and connect to the mandibular buccal shelf 21).
bone screw. Because of the archwire connecting 3. Compatible with cross elastics. An elastomeric chain
the teeth, these mechanics intruded and uprighted anchored by a mandibular buccal shelf bone screw
the entire buccal segment (Figs 8 and 9). provides effective intrusion of the mandibular right
Supplemental cross elastics provided the molars and is compatible with the simultaneous use
additional lateral force for crossbite correction. of cross elastics. These combined mechanics up-
The extrusive force on the mandibular segment righted the mandibular right molars by 6 mm in
because of the cross elastics was offset by the 3 months (Figs 8 and 9).
intrusive force delivered by the elastomeric chains
A severe Class II unilateral scissors-bite was cor-
connected to the mandibular buccal shelf bone
rected with a minimally invasive approach that reversed
screw. There are 3 benefits favoring a mandibular
the etiology of the malocclusion. This conservative
buccal shelf bone screw compared with
treatment avoided extractions and orthognathic sur-
interradicular bone screw. (a) Prominent head. The
gery. Once the transverse discrepancy was corrected,
OrthoBoneScrew has a large head with deep
extra-alveolar infrazygomatic crest bone screws were
undercuts to readily retain elastomeric chains,
used as extra-alveolar posterior maxillary anchorage
which produce efficient uprighting of the
to retract the entire maxillary arch. After 16 months
mandibular right segment (Fig 19). (b) More buccal
of retraction, the patient's profile was corrected (Fig
position. The extra-alveolar TAD can be positioned
22). Her occlusion and facial esthetics were stable at
up to 10 mm to the buccal aspect of the lingually
38 months after treatment (Fig 23), and the second-
tipped molars (Fig 20). This is adequate space to up-
order alignment of the dentition has continued to
right the entire buccal segment with 1 bone screw.
improve (Fig 24).

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568 Lee, Chang, and Roberts

Fig 23. Facial and intraoral photographs at the 38-month follow-up.

2. Uprighting the mandibular right buccal segment

with a mandibular buccal shelf bone screw provided
a normal occlusion to intrude the extruded maxil-
lary molars. However, it is important to ensure
that there is adequate intrusion of the maxillary
and mandibular molars on the affected side to pre-
vent opening the vertical dimension of the occlusion
(clockwise rotation of the mandible).
3. Bilateral extra-alveolar infrazygomatic crest bone
screws were effective for reducing maxillary protru-
sion by retracting the entire maxillary arch.
Fig 24. Panoramic radiograph at the 38-month follow-up. 4. Correcting the axial inclinations in the buccal seg-
ments is important for preventing marginal ridge
discrepancies.
CONCLUSIONS

1. Extra-alveolar bone screws are a minimally invasive ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

approach for resolving a severe scissors-bite maloc- We thank Paul Head for proofreading this article and
clusion complicated with maxillary protrusion. Rungsi Thavarungkul for the beautiful illustrations.

October 2018  Vol 154  Issue 4 American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics
Lee, Chang, and Roberts 569

SUPPLEMENTARY DATA 14. Chang CH, Huang C, Roberts WE. 3D cortical bone anatomy of the
mandibular buccal shelf: a CBCT study to define sites for extra-
Supplementary data related to this article can be alveolar bone screws to treat Class III malocclusion. Int J Orthod
found online at https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajodo.2017. Implantol 2016;41:74-82.
03.032. 15. Chang CH, Liu SS, Roberts WE. Primary failure rate for 1680
extra-alveolar mandibular buccal shelf mini-screws placed in
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American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics October 2018  Vol 154  Issue 4