This document provides an overview of HTML and CSS concepts. It discusses what CSS is and how it solves formatting problems in HTML. It describes CSS syntax and different CSS selectors like element, class, and grouping selectors. It also covers CSS properties for fonts, text, color, background, borders, margins, padding and more. Finally, it discusses HTML forms and common input elements like text, password, radio buttons and others.
This document provides an overview of HTML and CSS concepts. It discusses what CSS is and how it solves formatting problems in HTML. It describes CSS syntax and different CSS selectors like element, class, and grouping selectors. It also covers CSS properties for fonts, text, color, background, borders, margins, padding and more. Finally, it discusses HTML forms and common input elements like text, password, radio buttons and others.
This document provides an overview of HTML and CSS concepts. It discusses what CSS is and how it solves formatting problems in HTML. It describes CSS syntax and different CSS selectors like element, class, and grouping selectors. It also covers CSS properties for fonts, text, color, background, borders, margins, padding and more. Finally, it discusses HTML forms and common input elements like text, password, radio buttons and others.
This document provides an overview of HTML and CSS concepts. It discusses what CSS is and how it solves formatting problems in HTML. It describes CSS syntax and different CSS selectors like element, class, and grouping selectors. It also covers CSS properties for fonts, text, color, background, borders, margins, padding and more. Finally, it discusses HTML forms and common input elements like text, password, radio buttons and others.
Lecture 06 - HTML-CSS CENTRE OF MEDIA STUDIES, ART AND DESIGN SHIZA NISAR What is CSS CSS stands for Cascading Style Sheets
CSS describes how HTML elements are to be displayed on screen, paper, or
in other media
CSS saves a lot of work. It can control the layout of multiple web pages all at once
External stylesheets are stored in CSS files
CSS Solved a Big Problem HTML was NEVER intended to contain tags for formatting a web page!
HTML was created to describe the content of a web page,
like:
<h1>This is a heading</h1>
<p>This is a paragraph.</p> CSS Solved a Big Problem To solve this problem, the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) created CSS.
CSS removed the style formatting from the HTML page!
CSS Saves a Lot of Work!
The style definitions are normally saved in external .css files.
With an external stylesheet file, you can change the look of an entire website by changing just one file! CSS Syntax A CSS command consists of a selector and a declaration block:
The selector points to the HTML element you want to style.
The declaration block contains one or more declarations separated by semicolons.
Each declaration includes a CSS property name and a value, separated by a colon.
A CSS declaration always ends with a semicolon, and declaration blocks are surrounded by curly braces. The Element Selector The element selector selects elements based on the element name. You can select all <p> elements on a page like this (in this case, all <p> elements will be center-aligned, with a red text color): <html> <head> <style> p { color: red; text-align: center; } </style> </head> <body>
<p>Hello World!</p> <p>These paragraphs are styled with CSS.</p>
</body> </html> The Class Selector The class selector selects elements with a specific class attribute. To select elements with a specific class, write a period (.) character, followed by the name of the class. In the example below, all HTML elements with class="center" will be red and center-aligned:
It will be better to group the selectors, to minimize the code.
To group selectors, separate each selector with a comma. In the example below we have grouped the selectors from the code above:
h1, h2, p { text-align: center; color: red; } CSS Comments Comments are used to explain the code, /* Comments Example */ and may help when you edit the source code at a later date. p { color: red; Comments are ignored by browsers. /* This is a single-line comment */ text-align: center; } A CSS comment starts with /* and ends with */. Comments can also span /* This is multiple lines: a multi-line comment */ Three Ways to Insert CSS There are three ways of inserting a style sheet:
Inline style Internal style sheet External style sheet Inline Style Sheet An inline style may be used to apply a unique style for a single element.
To use inline styles, add the style attribute to the relevant element. The style attribute can contain any CSS property.
The example below shows how to change the color and the left margin of a <h1> element:
Example
<h1 style="color:blue;margin-left:30px;">This is a heading.</h1>
Internal Style Sheet An internal style sheet <head> may be used if one single page has a unique <style> style. body { background-color: red; } Internal styles are defined within the h1 { color: maroon; <style> element, inside margin-left: 40px; the <head> section of an } HTML page: </style>
</head> Example <body>
</body> External Style Sheet With an external style sheet, you can change the look of an entire website by changing just one file!
Each page must include a reference to the external style sheet file inside the <link> element. The <link> element goes inside the <head> section:
<head> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="mystyle.css"> </head> External Style Sheet An external style sheet can be written in any text editor. The file should not contain any html tags. The style sheet file must be saved with a .css extension. Here is how the "myStyle.css" looks:
body { background-color: lightblue; }
h1 { color: navy; margin-left: 20px; } Warning…
On the next slides, we will study few of the CSS tags with examples font-family The font-family property specifies the font for an element. The name of a font-family, like "times", "courier", "arial", etc.
Note: Separate each value with a comma.
font-size font-style font-weight color The color property specifies the color of text.
Use a background color and a text color that makes the text easy to read. opacity The opacity property sets the opacity level for an element.
The opacity-level describes the transparency- level, where 1 is not transparent at all, 0.5 is 50% see- through, and 0 is completely transparent. Background-color background-size border-color border-style
Values border-style: none|hidden|dotted|dashed|solid|double|groove|ridge|inset|outset|ini tial|inherit; border-width margin The margin shorthand property sets all the margin properties in one declaration. This property can have from one to four values. Examples: margin:10px 5px 15px 20px; top margin is 10px right margin is 5px bottom margin is 15px left margin is 20px padding The padding shorthand property sets all the padding properties in one declaration. This property can have from one to four values. Examples: padding:10px 5px 15px 20px; top padding is 10px right padding is 5px bottom padding is 15px left padding is 20px text-align The text-align property specifies the horizontal alignment of text in an element. text-transform The text-transform property controls the capitalization of text. word-wrap The word-wrap property allows long words to be able to be broken and wrap onto the next line.
table-layout: auto|fixed|initial; This is just a brief overview. To explore more css tags, visit following website. http://www.w3schools.com/cssref/
END OF CSS SECTION
HTML Forms and Input The <form> Element The HTML tag <form> define a form that is used to collect user input The <input> Element The <input> element is the most important form element.
The <input> element can be displayed in several ways, depending on
the type attribute. Examples The <input> Element… Example <html> <body>
<form> First name:<br> <input type="text" name="firstname"> <br> Last name:<br> <input type="text" name="lastname"> </form>
<p>Note that the form itself is not visible.</p>
<p>Also note that the default width of a text input field
is 20 characters.</p>
</body> </html> form... action attribute The action attribute defines the action to be performed when the form is submitted.
Normally, the form data is sent to a web page on the server when the user clicks on the submit button.
In the example above, the form data is sent to a page on the server called "action_page.php". This page contains a server-side script (not included in our course) that handles the form data action attribute example sample.html <html> <body>
