FEM 3202-4 Protein

PROTEIN
By:
Dr. Shamsul Azahari Zainal Badari
Department of Resource Management
and Consumer Studies
Faculty of Human Ecology
Universiti Putra Malaysia
OBJECTIVES LECTURE:
 By the end of this lecture, student can:
►Define what is protein

►Explain the structure, roles and
metabolism of protein
►Explain thedeficiency and excessive
intake of protein
PROTEIN
 An essential nutrient.
 Protein
contains atoms Carbon (C) hydrogen (H),
oxygen (O) and Nitrogen (N).
 Nitrogen atoms give the name amino to the amino

acids
 Contained in every part of the body.
 The most plentiful substance in the body.

STRUCTURE OF PROTEINS
 Composed of small units, amino acids (building
blocks of protein).
20 type acids amino.
The simplest amino acid is glycine (one

hydrogen).
The slightly more complex amino acid is alanine

(extra carbon with three hydrogen).
ACID AMINO STRUCTURE
AMINO ACIDS
 Essential Amino Acids (EAA)
Amino acids that the body cannot make at all or
cannot make in sufficient quantity to meet its needs.
It must supply from the diet.
 Non-essential Amino Acids (NON-EAA)

Body can synthesize itself, but food also can deliver
nonessential amino acids.
AMINO ACIDS
Essential A.A Nonessential A.A
Histidine Alanine
Isoleucine Arginine
Leucine Aspargine
Lysine Aspartic acid
Methionine Cysteine
Phenylalanine Glutamic acid
Threonine Glutamine
Tryptophan Glycine
Valine Proline
Serine
Tyrosine
TYPES OF PROTEIN
 Complete and incomplete proteins.
 Complete: a dietary protein containing all the EAA in
relatively the same amount that human being require.
Its may also contain Non-EAA
 Incomplete: EAA found in the shortest supply
relatively to the amount needs in human body.
 Lysine
 Methionine
 Threonine
 Tryptophan
 Natural and unnatural proteins.
• Natural: Protein natural from environment
• Unnatural protein : Protein already change the
structure due to physical factors -heat
 Simple and conjugate proteins
 Simple: contain only amino acid

 Conjugate: combination amino acids with other
elements
 Nucleoprotein= Protein + Nucleic acids (RNA & DNA)
 Lipoprotein = Lipid + Protein
 Glycoprotein = Carbohydrate + protein
COLLAGEN
 Collagen is a type of protein.
 Collagen is the most abundant protein in the

human body and is the substance that holds
the whole body together. It is found in the
bones, muscles, skin and tendons, where it
forms a scaffold to provide strength and
structure.
 Gives body tissues form and provides
firmness and strength; elastin, flexibility.
 It is used in some cosmetic surgery
procedures and is sold as a supplement
created for joint mobility.
 Treating and managing serious burns-
creating man-made skin substitutes.
Collagen
PROTEIN TURNOVER
PROTEIN FUNCTIONS
 Growth and maintenance
• Protein form integral parts of most body structures
such as skin, tendons, membranes, muscles, organ and
bones. Support the growth and repair of the body
tissues.
 Enzymes
• Proteins facilitate chemical reactions
 Hormones
• Proteins regulate body processes
 Antibodies
• Proteins inactive foreign invaders, thus protecting
the body against diseases
PROTEIN FUNCTIONS
 Fluid Balance
• Proteins help to maintain the volume and composition
of body fluids
• Edema : cause by decrease plasma protein
 Acids-Base balance.
• Proteins help maintain the acid-base balance of fluids
by acting as buffers
 Transportation
• Proteins transport substance, such as lipid, vitamins,
minerals and oxygen around the body.
 Energy
• Proteins provide some fuel for the body’s energy
needs.
VEGETARIAN
 Vegetarian defined as: "Someone who lives on a diet
of grains, pulses, nuts, seeds, vegetables and fruits
with, or without, the use of dairy products and
eggs. A vegetarian does not eat any meat, poultry,
game, fish, shellfish* or by-products of slaughter."
 *Shellfish are typically ‘a sea animal covered with a

shell’.
 Crustaceans (hard external shell) large – e.g. lobsters,
crayfish, crabs, small – e.g. prawns, shrimps
 Molluscs (most are protected by a shell) e.g. mussels,

oysters, winkles, limpets, clams, etc. Also includes
cephalopods such as cuttlefish, squid, octopus.
WHERE DO VEGETARIANS GET THEIR
PROTEIN?
 Mutual supplementation: the process of

combining two or more incomplete protein
sources to make a complete protein
 Complementary protein: two or more foods

that together contain all mine essential
amino acids for a complete protein. It is
not necessary to eat complementary
proteins at the same meal.
Health Problem Related to Protein (Marasmus)
Kwashiorkor

THANK YOU

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PROTEIN

 By the end of this lecture, student can:

►Define what is protein

 Nitrogen atoms give the name amino to the amino

 Contained in every part of the body.

 The most plentiful substance in the body.

20 type acids amino.

The simplest amino acid is glycine (one

The slightly more complex amino acid is alanine

 Non-essential Amino Acids (NON-EAA)

 Simple: contain only amino acid

 Collagen is the most abundant protein in the

 *Shellfish are typically ‘a sea animal covered with a

 Molluscs (most are protected by a shell) e.g. mussels,

 Mutual supplementation: the process of

 Complementary protein: two or more foods

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