Manuscript (REVIEW PAPER1) - New
Manuscript (REVIEW PAPER1) - New
Manuscript (REVIEW PAPER1) - New
1. INTRODUCTION:
L.A. Dobrzański etal. [3] used the methodology of Achamyeleh A. Kassie, Samuel B. Assfaw,[5] have
the automatic supervision for control of the used statistical analysis method for optimizing
technological process of manufacturing the elements process parameters of casting process. There were 9
from aluminium alloys. The methodology of the experiments conducted using Taguchi’s DOE by
automatic quality assessment of these elements changing the selected variables and different results
basing on analysis of images obtained with the X-ray were derived, from very bad to good, were shown up.
defect detection, employing the artificial intelligence Four process parameters were studied like sand –
tools. The methodology is making it possible to binder ratio, mould permeability, pouring
determine the types and classes of defects developed temperature and de-oxidant amount in three levels.
during casting the elements from aluminium alloys, Factorial experiment was carried out. Finally it was
making use photos obtained with the flaw detection concluded that the sand-binder ratio = 100:1, mould
method with the X-ray radiation and also prepare the permeability = 250-300, pouring temperature =
neural network data in the appropriate way, including 14601490, and de-oxidant amount = 0.2 parameters
their standardization, carrying out the proper image are giving better and accurate castings.
analysis and correct selection and calculation of the
geometrical coefficients of flaws in the X-ray images. Tapan Roy [6] studied the occurrence of different
The correctly specified number of products enables types of casting defects and its scientific analysis by
such technological process control that the number of computerised simulation techniques supported by
castings defects can be reduced by means of the industrial case studies. The main two categories of
proper correction of the process. Controlling the defects viz. solidification related defects like hot tear,
technological process on the basis of the computer shrinkage and porosity defects etc. and flow-related
generated information focused on the product quality, defects like sand burn in and rough surface/ metal
can enable the optimisation of this process and so the penetration, air entrapment, cold shut etc. were
reduction of defective castings and in the result the discussed along with simulation results and practical
reduction of expenses and environmental pollution. case studies. The author has concluded that the defect
analysis done by simulation helps to practical
Dr. D.N. Shivappa, and Mr Rohit, [4] found the four foundry men to take decision and corrective actions
prominent defects in casting rejections. They are can be taken to eliminate these defects with lesser
Sand drop, Blow hole, Mismatch, and Oversize in efforts.
TSB Castings. The causes of the defects were due to
improper cleaning of mould in the areas around chills
Charnnarong Saikaew, Sermsak Wiengwiset [7] have chemical composition of aluminium alloy and casting
studied to optimize the proportion of betonies and quality. They have used ANN (Artificial Neural
water added to a recycle sand mould for reducing Network), to achieve better casting quality. Based on
iron casting waste using techniques like response use of ANN inputs analysis one can determine which
surface methodology and mixture experimental chemical elements are significant and contribute for
design. The proposing of various components better casting quality. The network does not disregard
significantly influences the properties of moulding the main alloying element or modifiers which make
sand and quality surface of iron casting. The authors changes in the crystallization process introduced in
have concluded that the optimal proportion of the small quantity into the metal bath, improving the
components was obtained at 93.3 mass % of one-time structure and property of the alloy.
recycled moulding sand, 5 mass % of bentonite, and
3. CONCLUSION
1.7 mass % of water. This mixture yielded the
optimal green compression strength of 53,090 N/m2,
Many researchers have conducted experiments to
the optimal permeability of 30 A.F.S. permeability
find the sand process parameters to get better quality
numbers and the overall desirability of 72%. The aim
castings. They have successfully reduced the casting
of optimization was to obtain a good set of moulding
defects considerably up to 6% by proper selecting
sand mixtures that maximized the desirability
sand parameters. Now looking to their recommended
function.
process parameters, they vary in each case. So, we
Xiaoli Li and SK Tso [8] used x-ray inspection can conclude that the sand process parameters should
processed by traditional method and wavelet be decided experimentally depending on quality of
technique to facilitate automatic detection of internal sand. We should not select these parameters directly
defects. Using x-ray inspection system the 2nd order from other manufacturers.
derivative and morphology operation, row by row
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[2]. Uday A. Dabade and Rahul C. Bhedasgaonkar
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(September-October 2006)
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percent of the total castings produced in the foundry.
Engineering (IOSRJEN) Vol. 3, Issue 5 (May. 2013)
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by Computerised Simulations (CAE) - A New Approach
methodology of computer aided relationship between
along with Some Industrial Case Studies” Transaction of
61st Indian foundry congress 2013