ASTM A153-A153M - 2016a en
ASTM A153-A153M - 2016a en
ASTM A153-A153M - 2016a en
1.4 This specification is applicable to orders in either Magnetic-Field or Eddy-Current (Electromagnetic) Test-
inch-pound units (as A153) or in SI units (as A153M). ing Methods
Inch-pound units and SI units are not necessarily exact F1470 Practice for Fastener Sampling for Specified Me-
equivalents. Within the text of this specification and where chanical Properties and Performance Inspection
appropriate, SI units are shown in brackets. Each system shall F1789 Terminology for F16 Mechanical Fasteners
be used independently of the other without combining values in F2329/F2329M Specification for Zinc Coating, Hot-Dip,
any way. In the case of orders in SI units, all testing and Requirements for Application to Carbon and Alloy Steel
inspection shall be done using the metric equivalent of the test Bolts, Screws, Washers, Nuts, and Special Threaded
or inspection method as appropriate. In the case of orders in SI Fasteners
units, such shall be stated to the galvanizer when the order is
placed. 3. Terminology
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the 3.1 Definitions:
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the 3.1.1 The following terms and definitions are specific to this
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- specification. Terminology A902 contains other terms and
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- definitions relating to metallic-coated steel products. Terminol-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. ogy F1789 contains other terms and definitions relating to
mechanical fasteners.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
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This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A05 on
Metallic-Coated Iron and Steel Products and is the direct responsibility of
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Subcommittee A05.13 on Structural Shapes and Hardware Specifications. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved . Published November 2016. Originally approved in contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
1933. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as A153/A153M - 16. DOI: 10.1520/ Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
A0153_A0153M-16A. the ASTM website.
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A153/A153M − 16a
3.2.1 average coating thickness, n—the average of the 4. Materials and Manufacture
specimen coating thickness values for the samples in an 4.1 Steel or Iron—Ferrous articles to be hot-dip zinc coated
inspection lot. shall conform to specifications designated by the purchaser.
3.2.2 bare spots, n—uncoated areas on the surface of the
4.2 Zinc—The zinc used for the coating shall conform to
steel part that contain no measurable zinc coating.
Specification B6, or Specification B960, or both, and shall be
3.2.3 dross inclusions, n—the iron/zinc intermetallics pres- at least equal to the grade designated as “Prime Western.”
ent in a galvanized coating in a form other than the layer 4.2.1 If a zinc alloy is used as the primary feed for the
growth of the coating. galvanizing bath, then the base material used to make that alloy
3.2.4 individual measurement, n—the reading from a mag- shall conform to Specification B6 or Specification B960, or
netic thickness gauge of a single coating spot thickness, or the both.
microscopic reading of a coating thickness as seen in an optical 4.2.2 The molten metal in the working volume of the
microscope at one spot. galvanizing bath shall contain not less than an average value of
3.2.5 inspection lot, n—the quantity of identical parts 98.0 % zinc by weight [mass].
cleaned, fluxed and galvanized together at one time in an NOTE 1—The galvanizer may choose to add trace amounts of certain
appropriate container that is being submitted for acceptance as elements (for example, aluminum, nickel, bismuth, or tin) to the zinc bath
a group. to help in the processing of certain reactive steels or to enhance the
cosmetic appearance of the finished product. The elements can be added
3.2.6 malleable casting, n—a steel article that has been to the galvanizing bath as a master feed alloy, or they can be added to the
subjected to a prolonged anneal to decarburize or graphitize the bath by the galvanizer as individual feeds.
part to remove as much of the carbon as possible or to convert 4.3 Minimum Coating Weight [Mass] or Minimum Coating
the carbon to graphite, which permits plastic deformation in Thickness—The minimum coating weight [mass] or the mini-
compression without rupture. mum coating thickness shall conform to the requirements
3.2.7 sample, n—a collection of individual units of product prescribed in Table 1 for the material category and thickness of
from a single inspection lot selected in accordance with Section material in which the article belongs.
6 and intended to represent that inspection lot for acceptance. 4.4 Threaded Articles—The zinc coating on threads shall
3.2.8 specimen, n—an individual test article upon which not be subjected to a cutting, rolling, or finishing-tool
thickness measurements or weight determinations are per- operation, unless specifically authorized by the purchaser. In
formed. order to meet overtapping allowances, tapping the threads of
3.2.9 specimen coating thickness, n—the average thickness nuts or tapped holes after galvanizing is not prohibited.
from no less than five test measurements on a specimen, when 4.5 Touch-up and Repair—Bare spots that are found on
each measurement location is selected to provide the widest parts after galvanizing shall be renovated by use of the methods
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dispersion (in all applicable directions) of locations within the found in Practice A780 if the following criteria are met. The
specimen volume. bare spots shall have an area totalling not more than 1 % of the
3.2.10 threaded areas, n—the sections of a steel part that surface area to be coated excluding threaded areas of the piece
have threads formed before hot-dip galvanizing. and the bare spots shall not include any threaded areas of the
TABLE 1 Thickness or Weight [Mass] of Zinc Coating for Various Classes of Material
NOTE 1— Length of the piece, stated in Classes B-1, B-2, and B-3, refers to the finished dimension of the piece after fabrication.
Weight [Mass] of Zinc Coating, Coating Thickness, mils
oz/ft 2 [g/m2 ] of Surface, Minimum [microns], Minimum
Class A—Castings—Malleable Iron, Steel 2.00 [610] 1.80 [550] 3.4 [86] 3.1 [79]
Class B—Rolled, pressed, and forged articles
(except those which would be included under Classes C and D):
B-1—5⁄8 in. [15.88 mm] and over in thickness 2.00 [610] 1.80 [550] 3.4 [86] 3.1 [79]
and over 15 in. [381 mm] in length
B-2—under 5⁄8 in. [15.88 mm] in thickness and 1.50 [458] 1.25 [381] 2.6 [66] 2.1 [53]
over 15 in. [381 mm] in length
B-3—any thickness and 15 in. [381 mm] and under in length 1.30 [397] 1.10 [336] 2.2 [56] 1.9 [48]
Class C—Fasteners over 3⁄8 in. [9.52 mm] in diameter 1.25 [381] 1.00 [305] 2.1 [53] 1.7 [43]
and similar articles. Washers 3⁄16 in. and greater [4.76 mm and
greater] in thickness
Class D—Fasteners 3⁄8 in. [9.52 mm] and under in diameter, 1.00 [305] 0.85 [259] 1.7 [43] 1.4 [36]
rivets, nails and similar articles. Washers under 3⁄16 in. [4.76
mm] in thickness
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piece. The thickness of the repair shall be equal to the ment. Practices to safeguard against hydrogen embrittlement
surrounding galvanized coating except for repairs made by are described in Specification A143/A143M.
paints containing zinc dust in which case the thickness of the
repair shall be 50 % greater than the thickness of the galva- 6. Sampling
nized coating required for the class of material, but shall not be 6.1 Test specimens shall be selected at random from each
greater than 4.0 mils [100 µm]. Repair thickness measurements inspection lot.
shall be made in accordance with Practice A780. The galva-
6.2 The method of selection and sample size shall be agreed
nizer shall make repairs unless directed by the purchaser to
upon between the galvanizer and the purchaser. Otherwise, the
deliver items unrepaired for subsequent renovation by the
sample size selected from each lot shall be as follows:
purchaser.
(strength level, aging characteristics), thickness, degree of cold 7.1.3 Embrittlement in 5.3 and 5.4.
work, and galvanizing process. The galvanizer, the designer 7.1.4 Adherence in 5.5.
and the fabricator shall take precautions against embrittlement. 7.2 Average Weight [Mass] of Coating:
The precautions to fabricate properly and prepare the material 7.2.1 The average weight [mass] of the zinc coating shall be
for galvanizing to prevent embrittlement are described in determined by weighing specimens after pickling and drying
Practice A143/A143M. and again after galvanizing unless the method described in
7.2.2 is used. The number of specimens that are used to
NOTE 4—Low service temperatures increase the risk of brittle failure of
all plain carbon steels including those which have been galvanized. This determine the average of an inspection lot shall be derived
temperature embrittling effect varies with type of steel. The expected from Section 6.
service temperature should thus be taken into account when selecting
steels for galvanizing. NOTE 5—This method does not take into account the weight [mass] of
iron reacted from the article that is incorporated into the coating. It will
5.4 Malleable castings shall be of such composition as will thus underestimate coating weight [mass] by up to approximately 10 %.
preclude the possibility that they become embrittled by the Base metal reactivity will affect the extent of underestimation.
galvanizing process, or they shall be either cooled from the 7.2.2 In the case of materials inspected after galvanizing,
anneal, or subsequently heat-treated so as to immunize them the average weight [mass] of coating shall be determined by
against embrittlement. stripping the number of specimens derived in Section 6 in
5.5 The zinc coating shall adhere tenaciously to the surface accordance with Test Method A90/A90M, and averaging the
of the base metal. results of the individual specimens, unless the method de-
scribed in 7.2.1 is used.
5.6 If the galvanized material covered by this specification
7.3 Average Thickness of Coating:
is bent or otherwise fabricated to the degree that causes the zinc
7.3.1 In the case of fasteners such as bolts, nuts, and screws,
coatings to stretch or compress beyond the limit of elasticity,
the determination of the thickness of coating shall be made on
any cracking or flaking of the coating resulting from the
a portion of the article that does not include any threads.
bending or fabricating shall not be cause for rejection.
7.3.2 The average thickness of coating shall be determined
5.7 High strength bolts, typically over 150,000 lb/in.2 ulti- by magnetic thickness gage in accordance with Practice E376
mate tensile strength, may be subject to hydrogen embrittle- unless the method described in 7.3.3 is used. The thickness
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shall be measured on at least five widely separated spots on a prior to shipments, unless otherwise specified, and shall be so
specimen. No individual spot measurement shall be cause for conducted as not to interfere unnecessarily with the operation
rejection. If an individual spot does not provide a coating of the works.
thickness reading, this spot must be repaired in accordance
9. Rejection and Retest
with 4.5. The five or more individual coating thickness
measurements on a specimen must be averaged to determine 9.1 For all galvanized articles except those fasteners that
the specimen average coating thickness. The average coating must meet the requirements of the Fastener Quality Act, the
thickness for the inspection lot is determined by averaging the following sections are used to determine rejection and retest-
specimen average coating thickness values for the number of ing.
specimens derived from Section 6. 9.2 When partial inspection of materials to determine con-
7.3.3 The thickness of coating shall be determined by cross formity with visual requirements of Section 5 warrants rejec-
section and optical measurement in accordance with Test tion of a lot, the galvanizer is not prohibited from sorting the
Method B487, unless the method described in 7.3.2 is used. lot and submitting it once again for inspection.
The thickness thus determined is a point value. No less than
five such measurements shall be made at locations on the 9.3 The number of specimens in a sample of a lot permitted
specimen, which are as widely dispersed as practical, so as to to fail to conformance tests shall be agreed upon between the
be representative of the whole surface of the specimen. The galvanizer and the purchaser.
average of no less than five such measurements is the specimen 9.4 If a set of test specimens fails to conform to the
average coating thickness. The average coating thickness for requirements of this specification, two additional sets shall be
the inspection lot is determined by averaging the specimen tested, both of which shall conform to the requirements in
average coating thickness values for the number of specimens every respect, or the lot of material represented by the
derived from Section 6. specimens shall be rejected.
7.4 Finish and Appearance—The test for finish and appear- 9.5 Materials that have been rejected for reasons other than
ance shall be conducted through visual inspection without embrittlement are not prohibited from being stripped,
additional magnification. regalvanized, and resubmitted for test and inspection. They
shall then conform to the requirements of this specification.
7.5 Embrittlement—Hardware that is susceptible to em-
brittlement shall be tested in accordance with Practice A143/ NOTE 6—Conformance to this specification does not guarantee “zero
A143M. The tests shall be performed through agreement defects.” Depending on the size and configuration of the parts (small
between the galvanizer and the purchaser. diameter threaded parts and small washers as examples), a small amount
of “fall out” may exist in an inspection lot that is not detected during a
7.6 Adherence—Determine adherence of the zinc coating to sample inspection. Issues include, but are not limited to, zinc build up in
the surface of the base metal by cutting or prying with the point the threads or bonded washers. Handling of these types of issues need to
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A153/A153M − 16a
SUMMARY OF CHANGES
Committee A05 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue,
A153/A153M-16, that may impact the use of this standard. (November 1, 2016)
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