This document describes the Marshall test procedure used to determine the optimum asphalt content for asphalt pavement mixes. The test involves compacting asphalt mix specimens and measuring their stability (resistance to deformation) and flow (deformation amount) under loading. Materials and apparatus needed include aggregates, asphalt, compaction molds and hammer, and a Marshall testing machine. The procedure involves heating and mixing aggregates and asphalt, compacting specimens, and testing them to determine stability and flow values. Stability and flow are inversely related and indicate the asphalt content and mix design that provides adequate resistance to deformation.
This document describes the Marshall test procedure used to determine the optimum asphalt content for asphalt pavement mixes. The test involves compacting asphalt mix specimens and measuring their stability (resistance to deformation) and flow (deformation amount) under loading. Materials and apparatus needed include aggregates, asphalt, compaction molds and hammer, and a Marshall testing machine. The procedure involves heating and mixing aggregates and asphalt, compacting specimens, and testing them to determine stability and flow values. Stability and flow are inversely related and indicate the asphalt content and mix design that provides adequate resistance to deformation.
This document describes the Marshall test procedure used to determine the optimum asphalt content for asphalt pavement mixes. The test involves compacting asphalt mix specimens and measuring their stability (resistance to deformation) and flow (deformation amount) under loading. Materials and apparatus needed include aggregates, asphalt, compaction molds and hammer, and a Marshall testing machine. The procedure involves heating and mixing aggregates and asphalt, compacting specimens, and testing them to determine stability and flow values. Stability and flow are inversely related and indicate the asphalt content and mix design that provides adequate resistance to deformation.
This document describes the Marshall test procedure used to determine the optimum asphalt content for asphalt pavement mixes. The test involves compacting asphalt mix specimens and measuring their stability (resistance to deformation) and flow (deformation amount) under loading. Materials and apparatus needed include aggregates, asphalt, compaction molds and hammer, and a Marshall testing machine. The procedure involves heating and mixing aggregates and asphalt, compacting specimens, and testing them to determine stability and flow values. Stability and flow are inversely related and indicate the asphalt content and mix design that provides adequate resistance to deformation.
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
Download as docx, pdf, or txt
You are on page 1/ 12
University of Duhok
College of Engineering Civil Engineering Department Highway Engineering-Practical
"Marshall Test"
Submitted by: Yaser Azad
Submission Date: 24/2/2020
2019-2020 Contents:
Introduction
Purposes
Materials and Apparatus
Procedures
Discussions and Conclusion
Introduction: Asphalt mixes are used in the surface layer of road and airfield pavements. The mix design determines the optimum bitumen content, The marshal stability and flow test provides the performance prediction measure for the marshal mix design method. The mix is usually composed of aggregate and asphalt cements. Some types of bituminous mixes are also used in base course. The design of asphalt paving mix, as with the design of other engineering materials is largely a matter of selecting and proportioning constituent materials to obtain the desired properties in the finished pavement structure. The asphalt mix should have some properties. As, Resistance to permanent deformation, the mix should not distort or be displaced when subjected to traffic loads. The resistance to permanent deformation is more important at high temperatures. Fatigue resistance, the mix should not crack when subjected to repeated load server a period of time. Resistance to low temperature cracking, this mix property is important in cold regions. Durability, the mix should contain sufficient asphalt cement to ensure an adequate film thickness around the aggregate particles. The compacted mix should not have very high air voids, which accelerates the aging process. Resistance to moisture-induced damage. Skid resistance. Workability, the mix must be capable of being placed and compacted with reasonable effort. Low noise and good drainage properties: If the mix is to be used for the surface (wearing) layer of the pavement structure. Marshall Stability and Hveem stabilometer tests are largely used for the routine testing. Criteria for the suitable mix design have been specified by the Asphalt Institute. Purposes: This method covers the measurement of the resistance of the plastic flow of the cylindrical specimen of the bituminous paving mixture loaded on the lateral surface by means of Marshall apparatus, Marshall stability and flow can be used to monitor the plant process of producing asphalt mixture. Marshall stability and flow may also be used to relatively evaluate different mixes and the effects of conditioning such as with water.
Materials and Apparatus:
Specimen mold assembly Specimen extractor
Compaction hammer. Marshall testing machine. oven Mixing apparatus. Water Water bath bath Nomination Paper Miscellaneous equipment:
A- Containers for heating aggregate and bituminous
materials
B- Thermometer.
C- Balance.
D- Gloves for handing for equipment.
E- Rubber gloves: for removing specimen from water
bath.
F- Scoop.
G- Spoon. Preparation of the specimen:
The coarse aggregate, fine aggregate, and the filler
material should be proportioned so as to fulfill the requirements of the relevant standards. The required quantity of the mix is taken so as to produce compacted bituminous mix specimens of thickness 63.5 mm approximately. 1200 gm of aggregates and filler are required to produce the desired thickness. The aggregates are heated to a temperature of 175° to 190°C the compaction mold assembly and rammer are cleaned and kept pre-heated to a temperature of 100°C to 145°C. The bitumen is heated to a temperature of 121°C to 138°C and the required amount of first trial of bitumen is added to the heated aggregate and thoroughly mixed. The mix is placed in a mold and compacted with number of blows specified. The sample is taken out of the mold after few minutes using sample extractor. Procedures: 1- The aggregate is dried at 105 – 110 °C and sufficient amount is weighed about (1200gm) to give a height of 63.5 ± 1.3 mm when compacted in the mold. 2- The required quantity of bituminous is weighed out and heated to a temperature which will give a viscosity of 170 ± 20 mm²/s. 3- The aggregate is heated in the oven to a temperature not higher than 28° above the binder temperature. 4- A crater is formed in the aggregate contained in a heating mixing bowel. The binder poured in a mixing carried out until all aggregate is coated, the mixing temperature shall be within the, limit set for the binder temperature. 5- Thoroughly cleaned mold is heated on hot plate or in oven to temperature between 93°C and 149°C, and the mold is provided with the base plate and extension mold is provided collar. 6- A piece of filler paper is fitted in the bottom of the mold and the whole mix poured in the mix then vigorously troweled 15 times around the parameter and 10 times in the center leaving a slightly rounded surface. 7- The mold assembly is placed on the compaction pedestal and given 75 blows of the 45369 compaction hammer falling a height 457.2 mm, the specimen in the mold is reversed and given the same treatment on the other side. 8- The specimen is then carefully extrudes from the mold, transferred to a smooth flat surface and allowed to call to the room temperature. 9- Finally, the specimen is measured and weighed in the air and water( for volume Deterioration) if the asphalt mix has an open (porous) texture the weighing in water will lead to error in the volume and so the specimen must be coated with a measure mass of paraffin max. The specimen is then marked and stored for stability and flow measurement. Discussions and Conclusion: The Marshall test is used to determine the optimum binder content in the mixture by testing in the stability and flow of a sample of the mixture. Stability is the resistance of the mixture against deformation under the load, and the flow is the deformation that happens because of load, also the voids in the total mix (VTM) is the percentage of voids in the mix, which when at high load cases, fills by the binder to help temporary deformations, and the bulk unit weight is the ability of aggregate to absorb the binder,
The relation of stability with the flow is inverse relation, as
the flow is the deformation and the stability is the resistance to the deformation. The flow and stability effect by the percentage of binder and aggregate content, also the temperature affect the values, as when the temperature rises the mixture become softer which it means the stability will decrease and flow will increase
Interacademic Collaboration Involving Higher Education Institutions in Tlaxcala and Puebla, Mexico. Presented in Collaboration with Université Clermont Auvergne (France): Case Studies of Collaborative, Multidisciplinary Applications.
Interacademic Collaboration Involving Higher Education Institutions in Tlaxcala and Puebla, Mexico. Presented in Collaboration with Université Clermont Auvergne (France): Case Studies of Collaborative, Multidisciplinary Applications.
