Parts Cleaning Detergent Training PDF

1.
Chemical-Concentration Management
This section discusses the following topics:
• Chemical: General
• Selecting the right chemical
• Selecting the right concentration
• Maintaining the proper chemical charge
• Problems
• Foaming related to chemical concentration
• Supersaturation of solution
• Charging the power washer with chemical
1.1. Chemical: General

Your MART Power Washer uses an aqueous (water-based) alkaline cleaner, not
a solvent. When charged with a light concentration of cleaner, the washer will
give you excellent cleaning results. Generally, light means a 2-5% concentration
by volume of any high quality non-foaming chemical compound.
Good chemical management should be done on a daily basis. Check the

concentration of the cleaning solution and adjust it as necessary -- this is
important not only for cleaning results, but it will also reduce cleaning time and
other chemical-related problems such as foaming.
You must also use some chemical during the cleaning cycle in order to prevent
corrosion (rusting) damage to the washer itself.
Most chemicals provide adequate corrosion prevention at low concentrations, but

some do not. Generally, to prevent corrosion the pH of the solution must be
above 10.5. Your MART Service Tech. can discuss with you in more detail the
pH requirements, and which chemicals may cause corrosion. If you do not know
what your solution pH is, you must monitor it to verify that it is kept above 10.5.
MART Power Washers are aqueous based cleaning systems. They are designed
and manufactured to work with wash solutions that are of the same specific
gravity and viscosity as water. Chemicals or additives, which alter the specific
gravity or viscosity of the wash solution, will change the overall performance of
the system. Use only chemicals that are designed for use in aqueous systems.
1.2. Selecting the Right Chemical
When you select a chemical, first determine the compound best suited for the
type of metal or part. Second, take into account the type of soils to be removed.
Use the following guidelines in selecting the right chemical:
Type of Metal for ferrous metals, such as cast iron or steel, select a
caustic compound containing sodium hydroxide or
potassium hydroxide.
For non-ferrous metals, such as aluminum, select

compounds specifically designed to wash parts without
destroying them. Such compounds contain, for example,
sodium metasilicate, trisodium phosphate, and sodium
bicarbonate. The compound may also contain a small
percentage of inhibited caustic, to make it more aggressive,
without damaging the metals.
WARNING! Exposing aluminum to a high concentration

of caustic chemical, such as sodium hydroxide or
potassium hydroxide, will blacken the surface of the parts
being cleaned, and, if exposed for five minutes or more,
can etch the surface.
Type of Soils A wide of range of compounds is available to remove soils.

Each compound reacts differently with the soils -- some are
more aggressive than others at "popping" certain soils from
part surfaces. However, no compound removes all types of
soils equally well.
To select a chemical, decide which soils you most want

removed.
For further details on various chemical compounds and their suitability for your
application, call your MART Service Tech to discuss your requirements, or
contact your chemical supplier.
WARNING! The selected chemical must prevent corrosion to

the steel parts in your washer. Generally, a solution pH above
10.5 is required. Do not use chemicals that cause corrosion,
or that cause a solution pH below 10.5.
WARNING! The selected chemical must be non-foaming.

1.3. Selecting the Right Concentration
The MART Power Washer is a high-pressure, high-temperature cleaning system
that uses a balance of the following factors to achieve cleaning results:
Power x Temperature x Chemical x Time =

Clean
Because the exact combination of these factors depends on your shop's cleaning
standards and operating requirements, specific chemical concentration
recommendations are not possible. Below are formulas for calculating the amount
of chemical needed to charge a reservoir of water for cleaning. To use these you
will need to know the volume of your washer’s reservoir and the recommended
initial chemical concentration. Select the formula to use based on whether your
chemical is powder or liquid.
For Powder:
Reservoir Size (gal) x Recommended Concentration (oz/gal) = lbs. of Chemical to

add.
Divided by 16 oz. / lb.
For Liquid:
Reservoir Size (gal) x Recommended Concentration (oz/gal) = gals. of Chemical

to add.
Divided by 128 fluid ozs. / Gal
You must test and adjust the variables in your application to determine an
effective chemical type and concentration.
Chemical concentration depends on:
• Your cleaning standards

• Type of metal or material being cleaned
• Shape of parts
• Type of soils to be removed
• Rate of speed required in cleaning
• Operating temperature of the washer
• Water hardness
Every chemical compound has an optimal operating temperature range.

Generally, chemical is more aggressive at higher temperatures. As a general
rule, for every 10° F
(6° C) rise in temperature, a chemical reaction doubles in speed.
The MART Chemcial Group offers a complete range of chemcials for use in
MART Power Washers. They can help you select the proper chemical from our
Power Kleen line and recommend an appropriate initial chemcial concentration.
If you are using you own chemcials contact your chemical supplier for details --
and adjust your MART Power Washer's chemical concentration accordingly.
1.4. Maintaining the Proper Chemical Charge

After you have developed an effective chemical concentration, as described in
the previous section, you must monitor and maintain it for optimal cleaning
results and washer performance.
Initially, you could start by monitoring chemical concentration weekly (or, every
40 hours of washer operation). However, you should develop a monitoring
schedule based on the frequency of washer operation, degree of cleanliness
required, the types of soils to be removed from parts, and so on. Your monitoring
schedule should account for all the variables in your application in order to give
you the best cleaning results, while using the least amount of chemical possible.
For help in developing a chemical-concentration-monitoring schedule, call your

MART representative to discuss your application(s) and requirements, or contact
your chemical supplier.
There are two fast and accurate monitoring methods:
1. Titration Test
Perform this test to determine the concentration of

chemical by titrating the alkalinity of the solution with an
indicator and a drop count.
The results determine the number of ounces of chemical

to add per gallon of water-capacity.
Refer to manual chapter "Maintenance" for procedural

information.
2. Conductivity Test
Conductivity testing equipment is optionally available from
MART. Refer to manual "Options" if you have purchased
a conductivity controller and probe equipment for your
washer.
1.5. Problems
There are two principal problems related to managing chemical concentration:
• Foaming
• Super saturation of solution
For related information, refer to manual chapters "Maintenance" and

"Troubleshooting."
1.5.1. Foaming Related to Chemical Concentration

Foaming can occur for these reasons:
• Chemical compound
• Type of soils being removed
• Improper solution temperature
Chemical the de-foaming component in a chemical compound

represents only a small percentage of the total compound.
And, de-foaming component percentages vary from
compound to compound. Since the washer requires only a
light chemical charge, you may need to add a "booster
charge" of de-foamer, if foaming is a problem.
Consider adding a defoaming agent rather than more

chemical, given the following conditions:
• Your cleaning needs are being met.

• You have determined that the type and amount
of chemical are appropriate for the soils being
removed.
• You have determined that the washer's
operating temperature is appropriate for the type
of soils, and the type and amount of chemical.
Soils The type(s) of soils can react adversely with the chemical
during cleaning to cause a foaming problem. Select a
chemical that is appropriate for the soils to be removed. It is
also a good idea to check with your MART representative or
your chemical supplier to be sure that the type and amount
of chemical are appropriate for the following:
• Type of metal
• Makeup of part(s)
• Operating temperature of the washer
Temperature Test and adjust the washer's operating temperature to

determine what is optimal for your chemical. Remember that
altitude, water hardness, and types of soils can also affect
the temperature-and-chemical reaction. Refer to section
"Temperature Adjustment" in this chapter.
If you need to discuss your application(s) and requirements,

call your MART representative or contact your chemical
supplier.
1.5.2. Super saturation of Solution

The MART Power Washer is a closed-loop cleaning system. It re-uses the
cleaning solution without discharging it for treatment or disposal.
When the cleaning solution is fully saturated with greases and oils, merely adding
more chemical will not improve cleaning results -- the volume of emulsified
greases and oils is greater than the grease to be removed and has no where to
go. This condition is called super saturation of solution.
To correct this problem, you must remove greases and oils from the solution.
Allow solution to cool and oils to rise to surface, then:
• Manually skim greases and oils from the front reservoir; change
the solution.
- Or -
• Run the optional Oil Skimmer device. If you have purchased
one from MART, refer to chapter "Options" in this manual.
As part of the sludge clean-out procedure, you will clean out/re-charge the power
washer with chemical. Refer to chapter "Maintenance" for the sludge clean-out
procedure.
1.6. Charging the Power Washer with Chemical

If you have successfully completed the startup procedure to this point, you are
ready to charge the washer with chemical.
When you charge the washer with chemical, always follow the chemical
manufacturer's recommendations.
In general, most manufacturers recommend 4-6 oz. (120ml - 180ml) of chemical

per gallon of water.
WARNING! When handling chemicals, always wear

gauntlet-type thermally protected and water-repellent
protective gloves, protective eyewear, a filter-type air
mask, and a full body apron that is thermally protected
and water-repellent. Use a long-handled shovel only,
when working with or dispensing granular chemical.
(Some chemical is liquid.)
For granular chemical, follow this procedure:
1. Open and secure Power Washer door.
2. Using a Long-handled shovel and wearing protective gear and

clothing, slowly place chemical on the false floor in the rear of the
MART Power Washer. Do not dump chemical directly into washer
reservoir. Violent exothermic (heat released) reactions, splashing of
chemically and physically heated solutions and the premature release
of fumes may occur. Avoid contact with chemical and solution. Avoid
inhaling dust and fumes.
3. Close the washer door and start the pump to dissolve the detergent.
Operate the wash cycle @ 160 to 190 degrees F.
For liquid chemical, follow this procedure:

1. Turn the main power supply OFF.
2. Pump out the amount of water that is to be replaced by liquid chemical.
3. Pump the liquid chemical SLOWLY from drums onto the false floor, or
over the doorframe.
CAUTION! Use extreme caution when pumping liquid

chemical! The operator should stand back from the
washer and wear gauntlet-type thermally protected and
water-repellent protective gloves, protective eyewear, a
filter-type air mask, and a full body apron that is thermally
protected and water-repellent.
WARNING! Do NOT pour liquid chemical into the front

reservoir.
.
1.7 Corrosion Protection

Since alkaline cleaners are non-corrosive to ferrous metals the cost to
manufacture cleaning equipment can be reduced. Stainless steel is not required
for construction and protection of the reservoirs, pumps, tanks, cabinets and
turntables. In fact carbon steel can be used for the reservoirs and cabinets with
no detrimental effects as long as the concentration of alkalinity is maintained.
With proper maintenance of your chemical concentration the carbon steel
components are well protected and will provide years of service. Carbon steel
MART power Washers are still in service that are 20+ years old.
Many chemicals provide adequate corrosion prevention at low

concentrations, but some do not. Generally, to prevent corrosion in carbon
steel the pH of the solution must be above 10.5.
MART Power Washers are aqueous based cleaning systems. They are designed
and manufactured to work with wash solutions that have the same the specific
gravity and viscosity as water. Chemicals or additives, which alter the specific
gravity or viscosity of the wash solution, will change the overall performance of
the system. Use only MART Power Kleen chemicals or other chemicals that are
designed for use in aqueous systems.
Below is a short introduction to the complete chemical line offered by the MART
Corporation Chemical Group.
1.8 MART Chemical Group

MART Power Kleen detergents and additives are specially formulated for use in
all MART Power Washers. Power Kleen products cover a wide range of
applications and most likely there is a Power Kleen product specifically designed
for your particular cleaning applications. In all cases Power Kleen products
provide the highest degree of efficient, effective cleaning.
Power Kleen products are highly effective at controlling foaming and are labeled
"Controlled Foam" products. Additional defoamer products are available to help
in difficult foaming situations.
Power Kleen products remain effective longer than many other detergents used
in cabinet washer applications and, in many instances, less Power Kleen
detergent is required for a given application. Power Kleen chemicals have 100%
concentrated active ingredients. The reason MART compounds remain active
longer is that they contain NO fillers. Other chemical suppliers may "fill" or bulk
up their chemistries with non-active ingredients that do nothing except fill up the
chemical drum. These fillers end up as sludge in the bottom of the Power
Washer and must be disposed of, thus adding to the disposal costs. Since
MART Power Kleen is fully active chemistry 100% of the chemical goes to work
cleaning your parts. As a result, your cleaning dollar goes further and your
disposal costs are less.
1.9 Recommended Chemicals

Power Kleen I – Iron and Steel
Fast acting, long lasting Power Washer detergent for removing heavy oils and
grease, many types of carbon, and other deposits from all ferrous metals.
Power Kleen II – Aluminum Safe

Multi-Metal, biodegradable Power Washer detergent for removing oil, grease and
dirt from both ferrous and non-ferrous materials.
Power Kleen IIIP – Electric Safe

Powdered Power Washer detergent for removing oil, grease and dirt from electric
motors, generators, etc. Rinses completely with no conductive residue.
Power Kleen IIIL – Electric High-rinse
Liquid Power Washer detergent for removing oil, grease, and dirt from electric
motors, generators, etc. Highest rinsability factor with no conductive residue.
Power Kleen IV – Aerospace

Specially formulated Power Washer detergent for removing carbon, grease, and
dirt from Aerospace Metals, Aircraft Parts, and chemically sensitive space age
metals.
The MART Corporation web site www.marttechservice.com is a vast information

base for cleaning chemistry and has complete information for the entire Power
Kleen line of chemicals. At the site you may download MSDS sheets for each
product and find more in depth application data for each product. Optionally, you
may call MART Chemical Sales and Technical Services staff who are trained to
help customers select the most appropriate product for their specific cleaning
applications and answer questions regarding chemical use and application.

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1.

1.1. Chemical: General

Good chemical management should be done on a daily basis. Check the

Most chemicals provide adequate corrosion prevention at low concentrations, but

Use the following guidelines in selecting the right chemical:

For non-ferrous metals, such as aluminum, select

WARNING! Exposing aluminum to a high concentration

Type of Soils A wide of range of compounds is available to remove soils.

To select a chemical, decide which soils you most want

WARNING! The selected chemical must prevent corrosion to

WARNING! The selected chemical must be non-foaming.

Power x Temperature x Chemical x Time =

Reservoir Size (gal) x Recommended Concentration (oz/gal) = lbs. of Chemical to

Reservoir Size (gal) x Recommended Concentration (oz/gal) = gals. of Chemical

Chemical concentration depends on:

• Your cleaning standards

Every chemical compound has an optimal operating temperature range.

1.4. Maintaining the Proper Chemical Charge

For help in developing a chemical-concentration-monitoring schedule, call your

There are two fast and accurate monitoring methods:

Perform this test to determine the concentration of

The results determine the number of ounces of chemical

Refer to manual chapter "Maintenance" for procedural

For related information, refer to manual chapters "Maintenance" and

1.5.1. Foaming Related to Chemical Concentration

Chemical the de-foaming component in a chemical compound

Consider adding a defoaming agent rather than more

• Your cleaning needs are being met.

Temperature Test and adjust the washer's operating temperature to

If you need to discuss your application(s) and requirements,

1.5.2. Super saturation of Solution

1.6. Charging the Power Washer with Chemical

In general, most manufacturers recommend 4-6 oz. (120ml - 180ml) of chemical

WARNING! When handling chemicals, always wear

For granular chemical, follow this procedure:

1. Open and secure Power Washer door.

2. Using a Long-handled shovel and wearing protective gear and

For liquid chemical, follow this procedure:

2. Pump out the amount of water that is to be replaced by liquid chemical.

CAUTION! Use extreme caution when pumping liquid

WARNING! Do NOT pour liquid chemical into the front

1.7 Corrosion Protection

Many chemicals provide adequate corrosion prevention at low

1.8 MART Chemical Group

1.9 Recommended Chemicals

Power Kleen II – Aluminum Safe

Power Kleen IIIP – Electric Safe

Power Kleen IV – Aerospace

The MART Corporation web site www.marttechservice.com is a vast information

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