JAGADEESH

5/21/2020 FEM assignment test - 3
FEM assignment test - 3

Unit - 3
Date: 21.05.2020
Time: 5.30 pm to 6.15 pm
*Required
Email address *
181la08014@vignan.ac.in
https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScw5HJXliYo4TVNQL2tRdV-qKdIugsR6e3tRXZAntZ8rVMKhQ/viewform 1/7
Loca DoF and Global DoF of a truss member respectively: * 1 point
4 and 2
2 and 4
4 and 4
2 and 2
In 2D problems, there are _______ stress components namely two ____ 1 point
stresses and one_______ stress *
three, two shear stress, one normal stress
When a truss member is viewed along the truss member then, the 1 point
coordinate systems is: *
Local coordinate system
Global coordinate system
Natural coordinate system
None
The values of direction cosines of a horizontal truss member are 1 point
-1
A loaded Truss member will be in _____ * 1 point
Tension only
compression only
tension or compression
bending
For solving thick structural problems the following conditions are used * 1 point
Plane stress conditions
Plane strain conditions
axisymmetric
all of the above
Jacobian matrix is used for mapping natural coordinates and global 1 point
coordinates *
True
False
The size of the stiffness matrix of 3 noded triangular element used for 1 point
structural problems is *
6x6
4 x4
3x 3
2x2
why a 3D problem is reduced to a 2D problem * 1 point
Reduce no. of unknowns
Increase the no. of unknowns
no effect on unknonwns
In FEM terminology the truss members are known as________ and joints are 1 point
known as_________ *
ELEMENTS,NODES
Untitled Question *
181LA08014
If the dimension along 'z' direction of a circular ring is negligible compared 1 point
to the other two dimensions, then it is ____________case *
Plane stress
Plane strain
None of these
The stiffness matrix of a triangular element is given by: k = t A [B]^T [D] [B]; 1 point
where [B] matrix is known as _______________matrix *
STRAIN DISPLACEMENT
[D] matrix is a _______ matrix for 2D problems and is function of __________ 1 point
and _______ *
Value; E and G
Property; E and Nu
Square; E and Nu
None of these
Triangular element is used to discretize _________ problems * 1 point
1D domain
2D domain
3D domain
None of the above
The no. of unknowns in a 2D structural problem are: * 1 point
two displacements along x and y
one displacement and one slope
two vertical deflections
velocity and pressure
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5/20/2020 FEM assignment test -2
FEM assignment test -2

Date: 20.05.2020 Time: 5.45 pm to 6.15 pm
*Required
Email address *
if a bar is discretized by using 4 elements each with 2 noded bar elements, 1 point
what is the total d.o.f of the bar system *
https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSeAe5EIdZnlYE_fx8utf7JQ3V6tNSXoyMouuI6sH8nuKrFsaw/viewform 1/9
Two noded line elements can be used for ______ type of problems (more 1 point
than one answer) *
Static structural
Plane trusses
Heat transfer
Beams
Determine the stress in the element, if E= 200 GPa, change in length = 0.5 1 point
mm and length of the element =150 mm *
666.666mpa
The element stiffness matrix, 'k' of a 2 noded bar element for static 1 point
structural problems is given by *
A. B.
C. none of these
For the diagram shown below, the minimum no. of elements required to 1 point
find a manual solution is *
The strain energy stored in a bar element is given by * 1 point
True
False
shape functions are also known as ______ * 1 point
exponential functions
interpolation functions
polynomial functions
none of these
Determine the 'Q3' for the following assembled matrix, if the boundary 2 points
conditions are Q1=Q2=0, EA/L = 4,00,000 N/mm: (Hint: applying boundary
conditions by elimination approach), *
0.0833 mm
0.0553 mm
0.0253 mm
none of these
select your registered no. *
181LA08014
Determine the shape functions at a point within a 2 noded bar element, * 1 point
N1= 0.325 and N2=0.675
N1= 0.675 and N2= 0.325
N1=N2 =0.5
none of these
Nodal solution is ______variable * 1 point
Primary
Secondary
none of these
For 'n' no. of nodes, there will be _____ no. of elements * 1 point
n-1
n+1
none of the above
Determine the body load vector of a 2 noded bar element for the 2 points
following properties of the bar element *
3.433
Elimination approach is used for * 1 point
applying boundary conditions
deriving element equations
solution approximation
none of these
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FEM assignment test -4

Unit 3
Date: 22.05.2020
Time: 05.00 pm onwards
*Required
Email address *
Isoparametric formulation means the same shape functions are used to 1 point
calculate geometric variables and field variables *
True
False
https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSf6yFIB4jqTxVDKh7gY3NLccTX74oszr8PESpJBq4GS9N2pdw/viewform 1/10
Find the equivalent forces acting on edge 7-8 for the discretized elements 5 points
of a plate are shown below: (no need to assemble) *
f18-5.7kn,f17-0.4kn,f16-0.6kn,f15-0.8kn,f14-0.3
Find the determinant of the Jacobian and area of the element shown 2 points
below
area= 11.875 sq. units; jacobian= 23.75
Find the coordinates at a point P (x,y) within a triangular element with 2 points
coordinates 1(2,5); 2(5,8); 3(3,12) corresponding natural coordinates given
below: *
x=8.7 and y=3.3
x=3.3 and y=8.7
x=3.3 and y=3.3
x=8.7 and y=8.7
Find the area of a 3 noded triangular element with co-ordinates: 1(2,5); 1 point
2(5,8); 3(3,12) using the Jacobian approach *
18 units
9 units
27 units
15 units
For a triangular element, the strain displacement is calculated as shown 1 point

below: Verify with your calculation of [B] matrix *
True
False
Find the direction cosines (l and m) of the truss member AB: Use local 2 points
coordinate system along A to B *
l=0.2, m=0.3
Find the strains in a 2D case for the following displacement fields: * 2 points
A. B.
C. None of these
Write the shape functions in area coordinates of a 3 noded triangular 1 point
element
N1=A1/A; N2=A2/A;N3=A3/A
Self-weight of an element is categorized as * 1 point
Traction load
Body load
Point load
None of these
Strain energy in an element is used to derive * 1 point
element body load vector
element traction load vector
element stiffness matrix
None of these
IJI in terms of area is = * 1 point
2 X Area of the element
3 X Area of the element
Equal to Area of the element
None of these
Select your regd. no.
181LA08014
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7/2/2020 FEM Lab Internal Examination
FEM Lab Internal Examination

*Required
Expt No. 1
Expt No. 1: For a spring system is shown below, answer the following questions
The value of load to be applied at node 1 is * 1 point
-2 N
+2 N
The x coordinates of nodes 1, 2, 3, and 4 are respectively * 1 point
2, 1,0,0
1,2,0,0
0.0.1.2
0,1,2,0
https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdMNhJ8AaFXwq_NwX-MKUCGKyddNvFqWDPZ9J0s5n8Ojz0XkQ/formResponse 1/2
The no. of elements and nodes of the spring system are * 1 point
2 and 4
3 and 4
2 and 3
4 and 3
what is the name of the element used in ANSYS to solve the problem * 1 point
Combin14
bar
beam
2D element
What are the unknowns to be calculated in the above problem using ANSYS 1 point
k1,k2,k3
p1
u1, u2
E1,E2,E3
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*Required
Expt. No. 2
Expt No. 2: For a spring system is shown below, answer the following questions
Node 4 and node 5 are known as * 1 point
active nodes
dead nodes
Nodes 1 , 2, and 3 are known as * 1 point
active nodes
dead nodes
combin14 is a ____ dimentsional element * 1 point
one
two
three
The values of displacements of nodes 4 and 5 * 1 point
unkown
zero
To find the solution of the above problem, the following solution method is 1 point
preferred *
Raleigh Ritz method
Least square method
Minimum Potential Energy method
Galerkin method
The d.o.f of the spring system is * 1 point
Forms

*Required
Expt. No. 3
Expt 3. Solution of Bar system subjected to point loads
In the above fig. if L = 20 mm, then the length of element 1 will be * 1 point
40
40/3
20
The total no. of elements and nodes of the bar system respectively are * 1 point
5 and 4
4 and 5
The name of the element to be selected from ANSYS library is * 1 point
combin14
link180
Find the stiffness of element 1, if E =80 GPa, A=100mm^2 * 1 point
18x10^5
8x10^5
28x10^5
80x10^5
Forms

*Required
Expt. No. 4
Expt. No.4: ANALYSIS OF PLANE TRUSSES
Determine the direction cosines (l and m) of a truss member shown below: 1 point
(x2-x2) = 10 units; (y2-y1)=12 units *
0.54;0.85
0.64; 0.77
0.4;0.6
0.3;0.7
In local co-ordinate system the nodes of the structure are specified by the 1 point
___? *
Origin
End points
Any point on the element
areas
A truss element, when it is viewed along the length of the element, it can 1 point
be treated as _____ element *
Beam element
Bar element
Triangular element
Quadrilateral element
Determine the global d.o.f of the truss system shown below * 1 point
16
24
32
Strain energy in an element is used to derive 1 point
element body load vector
element traction load vector
element stiffness matrix
cannot be derived
Clear selection
Forms

*Required
CLA: LAB EXPERIMENT - 5:::: 2D STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS
CLA: LAB EXPERIMENT - 5:::: 2D STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS
What is element d.o.f of constant strain triangle element? * 1 point
a) 3
b) 4
c) 8
d) 6
Name the two d.o.f at each of a triangular element * 1 point
One displacement along x and y
One displacement and one rotation
Two rotations
One displacement and two rotations
Which theorem is applied to derive the stiffness matrix from the 1 point
expression of strain energy *
Betti’s reciprocal theorem
Strain energy theorem
Castigliano’s theorem
Miami’s theorm
Consider a triangular element that has three nodes. If the value of shape 1 point
function at node 2 is 1. Then the value of shape function N2 at nodes 1 and

3 should be ________. *
One
Zero
Maximum
Minimum
The area of any triangular element can be evaluated from IJI is =______. * 1 point
0.5 X IJI
1.5 X IJI
0.5/ IJI
1.5/ IJI
Forms

*Required
CLA: LAB EXPERIMENT - 6 :::: ANALYSIS OF BEAMS
CLA: LAB EXPERIMENT - 6 :::: ANALYSIS OF BEAMS
Which type of numerical integration method is used to calculate the 1 point
definite integrals *
Guass quadrature
Explicit dynamics
implicit dynamics
Gauss Jordan method
The degrees of freedom at a node on beam element due to transverse load 1 point
and bending moment are: _____ and ____ respectively *
Slope and deflection
Deflection and slope
Slope and slope
Deflection and deflection
Determine Q4 for the assembled equation after applying boundary 1 point
conditions shown below *
Q4= -1.58 x 10-4
Q4= -2.68 x 10-4
Q4= -3.68 x 10-4
Q4= -4.28x 10-4
Determine Q6 for the assembled equation after applying boundary 1 point
conditions shown below *
Q6= -1.58 x 10-4
Q6= -2.68 x 10-4
Q6= -3.68 x 10-4
Q6= -4.46x 10-4
For the structure shown below what is the name of left support * 1 point
Fixed
Hinged
Knife-edge
Roller
Forms

*Required
CLA: LAB EXPERIMENT 7::::: 1D HEAT TRANSFER
CLA: LAB EXPERIMENT 7::::: 1D HEAT TRANSFER
For 1-D heat conductional element, Temperature function, T= * 1 point
N1T1+N2T2
N1T1-N2T2
N1T1/N2T2
N1T1*N2T2
For the plane wall shown below, the types of boundary conditions on left 1 point
side of wall: _____ and right side of the wall________ respectively *
Dirichlet and Neumann
Dirichlet and Dirichlet
Neumann and Neumann
Neumann and Dirichlet
Primary variable in thermal problems is_______ * 1 point
Heat flux
Temperature
Conduction
Convection
Secondary variable in thermal problems is _________ * 1 point
Heat flux
Temperature
Conduction
Convection
Stiffness matrix of fin problems comprises * 1 point
Convection matrix only
Conduction matrix only
Conduction matrix +convection matrix
Radiation matrix only
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5/23/2020 FEM unit - 4
FEM unit - 4
Analysis of Beams and Numerical Integration
*Required
Name the degree of freedom of a 2 noded beam element at each node 1 point
one vertical deflection at each node
one slope at each node
Both of the above
None of these
https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSe0ubcuZEeLc9uit6f8cnd6sNOtKCnrDdGemy8hNV4d0oCAYA/viewform 1/5
5/23/2020 FEM unit - 4
Calculate the flexural rigidity of a beam with E = 80 GPa and I =10 mm^4 * 1 point
800 kN-mm^2
80 kN-mm^2
8 kN-mm^2
None of these
5/23/2020 FEM unit - 4
The values of weights and Gauss locations in Gauss 2 point formula are as 1 point
follows:
A. B.
C.
5/23/2020 FEM unit - 4
Find the shape functions of a 4 noded quadrilateral element at * 1 point
N1= 0.225; N2=0.075 ; N3 =0.175 ; N4=525
Vertical deflection is zero and slope is not equal to zero, boundary 1 point
conditions are applicable for (select more than one answer) *
Fixed end condition
Roller supported end condition
Hinged end conditon
Select your regd. no. *
63 181LA08014
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5/23/2020 FEM unit - 4
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5/23/2020 FEM unit - 5
FEM unit - 5
One Dimensional Heat Transfer
*Required
What is the ratio of cross-sectional area to the perimeter of a fin with 1 point
circular c/s ==_______ (r= radius of the fin) *
2r
r/2
2/r
None
https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScjflY4l5tFIFZpQvDctbYf0hzoLmfrHl3hZqZKq0GnuHYm1g/viewform 1/4
5/23/2020 FEM unit - 5
Regd.no.
181LA08014
Dirichlet boundary condition refers to specified _____ * 1 point
Heat flux due to convection
Heat flux due to conduction
Temperature
Neumann boundary condition refers to specified ______ * 1 point
Heat flux due to convection
Heat flux due to conduction
Temperature
5/23/2020 FEM unit - 5
Calculate the temperature at natural coordinate (Xi)=0.4 if nodal 1 point

temperatures are given as T1=50 and T2= 30; (use T= N1 T1+ N2 T2) *
63
36
43
32
Temperature and heat flux in thermal problems are ____ (scalar/vector) field 1 point
variable and ________(scalar/vector) field variable respectively *
vector and scalar
scalar and scalar
scalar and vector
vector and vector
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5/23/2020 FEM unit - 5
5/23/2020 FEM unit- 2
FEM unit- 2
One Dimensional Structural Problems
*Required
Two noded line elements can be used for ______ type of problems (more 1 point
than one answer) *
Static structural
Plane trusses
Heat transfer
Beams
https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSeXgOOJ8dnJ2TY8vyUGX-ynP41Ty8tD6OunG69Zebj2dajWlw/viewform 1/9
5/23/2020 FEM unit- 2
if a bar is discretized by using 5 elements each with 2 noded bar elements, 1 point
what is the total d.o.f of the bar system *
Galerkin approach is used for * 1 point
applying boundary conditions
deriving element equations
solution approximation
none of these
5/23/2020 FEM unit- 2
Nodal solution contains the solution of _________variables * 1 point
Primary
Secondary
none of these
5/23/2020 FEM unit- 2
The element stiffness matrix, 'k' of a 2 noded bar element for static 1 point
structural problems is given by *
A. B.
C. none of these
5/23/2020 FEM unit- 2
For the diagram shown below, the minimum no. of nodes required to find a 1 point
manual solution is *
5/23/2020 FEM unit- 2
Determine the body load vector of a 2 noded bar element for the 2 points
following properties of the bar element *
68.67N
The strain energy stored in a bar element is given by the equation below; * 1 point
True
False
5/23/2020 FEM unit- 2
Determine the shape functions at a point within a 2 noded bar element, * 1 point
N1= 0.325 and N2=0.675
N1= 0.675 and N2= 0.325
N1=N2 =0.5
none of these
select your registered no. *
181LA08014
5/23/2020 FEM unit- 2
Determine the 'Q2' for the following assembled matrix, if the boundary 1 point
conditions are Q1=Q3=0, EA/L = 5,00,000 N/mm: (Hint: applying boundary

conditions by elimination approach), *
0.0667 mm
0.0557 mm
0.0257 mm
none of these
For 'n+1' no. of nodes, there will be _____ no. of elements * 1 point
n-1
n+1
none of the above
5/23/2020 FEM unit- 2
Determine the stress in the element, if E= 200 GPa, change in length = 0.25 1 point
mm and length of the element =120 mm *
316.67 MPa
416.67 MPa
376.67 MPa
None
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5/19/2020 Finite Element Method assignment test -1
Finite Element Method assignment test

-1
Unit - I: Date: 19.05.2020
*Required
Email address *
Applications of Finite Element Method (select more than one answer) * 2 points
Static Structural
Heat flux
Fluid Flow
None of the above
https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfKbneiVDTRRvo6nM5QFjzhxPsgndhHRBYOXHy6jIkTrCypAw/viewform 1/8
A boundary value problem is defined by 1 point
Object dimensions
External applied loads
Applied boundary conditions
All of the above
For a body made of steel with E of 200 GPa and If field equation is given 2 points
by; *
strain-0, stress-0.0465
Plane stress conditions are suitable for * 1 point
Thin structural objects
Thick structural objects
Both
None
Finite element method requires when we have _____(select more than one 1 point
answer) *
Domain is complex
simple boundary conditions
complex boundary condtions
None of the above
Error in Galerkin method is known as residue * 1 point
True
False
Residue can be nullified by using weighing function in Galerkin method is 1 point

given by *
Length domain
Area domain
Volume domain
Any of the above based on the domain under consideration
Determine the value of resultant stress on x plane 'Tx', when the following 2 points
stresses are acting on x plane *
Option 1 Option 2
Option 3 D. None of the above

The elastic body consists of _____ * 1 point
Finite degrees of freedom
Infinite degrees of freedom
None
Plane strain conditions are suitable for * 1 point
Thin plates
Long tubes
Both
None
A special case of 3D problems can be converted to 2D problems using a 1 point
special type of conditions
Plane stress conditons
Axi-symmetric conditions
All of the above
Regd. No. *
181LA08014
For a spring system, from the equation below represents Total Potential 1 point
Energy and Nodal Displacements
True
False
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5/23/2020 Unit - 3
Unit - 3
2D structural problems and plane trusses
*Required
Jacobian matrix is used for mapping natural coordinates and global 1 point
coordinates *
True
False
https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScgcWDib0yXfz66iANCGG7DXKtGN3RzTFjk8ZSrGvO4vVTIEg/viewform 1/7
5/23/2020 Unit - 3
In FEM terminology the truss members are known as________ and joints are 1 point
known as_________ *
ELEMENTS,NODES
The values of direction cosines of a vertical truss member would be * 1 point
L=0,M=1
A loaded Truss member will be in _____ * 1 point
Tension only
compression only
tension or compression
bending
5/23/2020 Unit - 3
Global DoF and Local DoF of a truss member respectively: * 1 point
4 and 2
2 and 4
4 and 4
2 and 2
why a 3D problem is reduced to a 2D problem * 1 point
Reduce no. of unknowns
Increase the no. of unknowns
no effect on unknonwns
5/23/2020 Unit - 3
a 3 noded triangular element is used to discretize _________ problems * 1 point
1D domain
2D domain
3D domain
None of the above
The stiffness matrix of a triangular element is given by: k = t A [B]^T [D] [B]; 1 point
where [D] matrix is known as _______________matrix *
PROPERTY
5/23/2020 Unit - 3
[D] matrix is a _______ matrix for 2D problems and is function of __________ 1 point
and _______ *
Value; E and G
Property; E and Nu
Square; E and Nu
None of these
Untitled Question *
181LA08014
5/23/2020 Unit - 3
A thin plate with circular hole subjected to end loading can be solved by 1 point
using *
Plane stress conditions
axisymmetric
all of the above
What are the stress components to be calculated in 2D plane stress or 1 point

plane strain problems? *
TWO NORMAL STRESSES AND 1SHEAR STRES
5/23/2020 Unit - 3
When a truss member is viewed along the truss member then, the 1 point
coordinate systems is: *
Local coordinate system
Global coordinate system
Natural coordinate system
None
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One-Dimensional Steady-State Conduction
We will focus on the one-dimensional steady-state conduction problems
only. It is the easiest heat conduction problem.
In one-dimensional problems, temperature gradient exists along one
coordinate axis only.
Objective
The objective of our analysis is to determine; a) the temperature distribution
within the body and, b) the amount of heat transferred (heat flux).
T1 T2 T3
qx
x
The Governing Equation
Consider heat conduction q (W/m2) through a plane wall, in which there is a
uniform internal heat generation, Q (W/m3).
An energy balance across a control volume (shaded area) yields,
 dq 
qA + QAdx =  q + dx  A
 dx 
where q = heat flux per unit area (W/m2)
A = area normal to the direction of heat flow (m2)
Q = internal heat generated per unit volume (W/m3)
Cancelling term qA and rearranging, we obtain,
dq
Q= … (i)
dx
For one-dimensional heat conduction, the heat flux q is governed by the
Fourier’s law, which states that,
 dT 
q = −k    … (ii)
 dx 
where k = thermal conductivity of the material (W/m.K)
(dT/dx) = temperature gradient in x-direction (K/m)
Note: The –ve sign is due to the fact that heat flows from a high-temperature to
low- temperature region.
Substituting eq.(ii) into eq.(i) yields,
d  dT 
k +Q = 0
dx  dx 
The governing equation has to be solved with appropriate boundary conditions
to get the desired temperature distribution, T.
Note:
Q is called a source when it is +ve (heat is generated), and is called a sink when
it is -ve (heat is consumed).
Boundary Conditions
There are three types of thermal boundary conditions:
a) Specified temperature, Ti = To;
b) Specified heat flux, e.g., qi = 0 (insulated edge or surface);
c) Convection at the edge or surface, (h & T∞ are specified).
These are illustrated below.
Note: h is the convective heat transfer coefficient (W/m2K).

Step:1 Discretization of the wall thickness using two noded bar elements
Finite Element Modeling
The uniform wall can be modeled using
one-dimensional element.
To obtain reasonably good temperature
distribution, we will discretize the wall into
several 1-D heat transfer elements, as
shown.
Note:
X represents the global coordinate
system.
Can you identify the kind of boundary
conditions present?
There is only one unknown quantity at
any given node, i.e. the nodal
temperature, Ti.
Step2: Assumption of solution approximation:
Temperature Function
For a given element in local coordinate (), temperature T varies along the
length of the element.
We need to establish a temperature function so that we can obtain the
temperature T, at any location along the element, by interpolation.
For a one-dimensional steady-state conduction, temperature varies linearly along

the element.
Therefore we choose a linear temperature function given by,
T ( ) = N 1T1 + N 2T2 or T ( ) = N T 

where N 1 =
1
(1 −  ) and N 2 = 1 (1 +  )
2 2
We wish to express the (dT/dx) term in the governing equation in terms of
element length, le, and the nodal temperature vector, {T}. Using the chain
rule of differentiation
dT dT d d dT …(i)
=  = 
dx d dx dx d
2 d 2
Recall, = ( x − x1 ) − 1  = …(ii)
( x2 − x1 ) dx ( x2 − x1 )
T ( ) = (1 −  )T1 + 1 (1 +  )T2
1 dT 1 1
 = − T1 + T2 …(iii)
2 2 d 2 2
Substitute eq.(ii) and eq.(iii) into eq.(i) we get,
2  1 1 
dT
=  − T + T2 =
1
(− T1 + T2 )
dx x 2 − x1  2 2  x 2 − x1
1
dT 1
or,  −1 1T 
e
=
dx x2 − x1
dT
=  BT T 
e
dx
1 1
where  BT  =  −1 1 =  −1 1
( x2 − x1 ) le
is called the temperature-gradient matrix. The heat flux, q (W/m2) can then
be expressed as
1 T1 
q = −k   −1 1  
le T2 
Step3: Derivation of element equations:
(i) Element Conductivity Matrix
The element conductivity matrix [kT] for the 1-D heat transfer element
can be derived using the method of weighted residual approach.
Recall, the conduction governing equation with internal heat generation,
d  dT 
k +Q = 0
dx  dx 
Imposing the following two boundary conditions,
Tx =0 = To and q x = L = h(TL − T )
and solving the equation yields the functional, pT given by

2
1  dT  1
( )
L L
pT =  0
2
k  dx − QTdx + h TL − T
0 2  dx  2
Substitute for dx and (dT/dx) in terms of  and {T}e,
2 x −x l
d = dx  dx = 2 1 d  = e d 
x2 − x1 2 2
dT
T =  N T  =  BT T 
(e) (e)
and
dx
Assuming that heat source Q = Qe and thermal conductivity k = ke are constant
within the element, the functional pT becomes
1 ( e )  ke le 
pT =        
−1 T T  T 
1

T (e)
T B B d −
e 2  2 
 Qele  1
e  2    T  + h (TL − T )
1
−1 
(e) 2
N d
 2
Note: The first term of the above equation is equivalent to the internal strain
energy for structural problem. We identify the element conductivity matrix,
kele
 kT  =   B   B   d
1 T
−1 T T
2
Solving the integral and simplifying yields the element conductivity
matrix, given by
ke  1 −1
 kT  =  −1 1  (W/m2K)
le  
(ii) Element body load vector:

element Heat Rate Vector
If there is an internal heat generation, Qe (W/m3) within the element,

then it can be shown that the element heat rate vector due to the
internal heat generation is given by
Qe  le 1
r  W
e
Q = 
2 1 m2
Step4: Assembling the element equations in the form:
[K]{T}={R}
The generic global system of linear equation for a one-dimensional
steady-state heat conduction can be written in a matrix form as
 K11 K12 K1L   T1   RQ1 

K  
 21 K 22 K 2 L  T2   RQ 2 
 =  where, L = no. of
    
    nodes/d.o.f of the
 K L1 KL2 ... K LL  TL   RQL  assembled equations
Note:
1. If there is no internal heat generation in the element, then the heat rate vector
for that element will be,
( 0 )  le 1 0 
r  W
e
Q =   =
2 1 0  m2
2. If there are more than one element in the finite element model, the global heat
rate vector, {RQ} is assembled in the usual manner.
Step5: Applying the boundary conditions by using elimination approach
Applying three types of boundary conditions
(i) If temperature is specified
(ii) If convection heat flux is specified
(iii) If conduction heat flux is specified
(i) If temperature is specified: applying the given temperature b.c.

Suppose uniform temperature T =  C is specified
at the left side of a plane wall.
To impose this boundary condition
Eliminate the 1st row & 1st column of [KT] matrix;
and also modify the right side R vector T1 =  oC
 K11 K12 K1L      RQ1   K11 

K  
 21 K 22 K 2 L  T2   RQ 2   K 21  x
 = − 
       L
   
 K L1 KL2 ... K LL  TL   RQL   K L1 
(ii) If convection b.c. is specified: applying the given
convection type boundary condition
Suppose that convection occurs on the right side of a
plane wall, i.e. at x = L.
The effect of convection can be incorporated by
modifying the global SLEs as follows: T ; h
1. Add h to the last element of the [KT] matrix;
2. Add (hT∞) to the last element of {RQ} vector.
We get,
 K11 K12 K1L   T1   RQ1  x
K    R 
  2  =  
K 22 K2L T L
 21 Q2

    
   
 K L1 KL2 ... ( K LL + h )  TL  ( RQL + hT ) 
 
(iii) If heat flux boundary condition is specified
Suppose heat flux q = qo W/m2 is specified at the left
side of a plane wall, i.e. at x = 0.
The effect of specified heat flux is incorporated into the
analysis by modifying the global equations, as shown.
q = q0
 K11 K12 K1L   T1   RQ1  ( −qo ) 

K    
 21 K 22 K 2 L  T2   RQ 2   0 
 = + 
      
x
   
 K L1 KL2 ... K LL  TL   RQL   0  L
Note:
q0 is input as +ve value if heat flows out of the body and as –ve value if heat is
flowing into the body. Do not alter the negative sign in the global equation above.
Step6: Obtaining the nodal temperatures:
[T]={T1 T2 T3 ----------TL}T
Step7: Obtaining the Heat Flux

Once the temperature distribution within the wall is known, the heat flux
through the wall can easily be determined using the Fourier’s law.
We have,
1 T1 
q = −k   −1 1   W/m2
le T2 
Note:
1. At steady-state condition, the heat flux through all elements has the same
magnitude.
2. T1 and T2 are the nodal temperatures for an element.
3. le is the element length.
Example 1
A composite wall consists of three
layers of materials, as shown. The
ambient temperature is To = 20 oC.
Convection heat transfer takes
place on the left surface of the wall
where T∞ = 800 oC and h = 25
W/m2oC.
Model the composite wall using
three heat transfer elements and
determine the temperature
distribution in the wall.
Solution
1. Write the element conductivity matrices
(1) 20  1 −1 W ( 3) 50  1 −1 W

 kT  =  kT  =
0.3  −1 1  0.15  −1 1 
2o
;
m C m 2 oC
( 2) 30  1 −1 W
 kT  =
0.15  −1 1  m 2 oC
2. Assemble the global conductivity matrix
 1 −1 0 0 
 −1 4 −3 0 
W
 KT  = 66.7  0 −3 8 −5
m 2 oC
 
 0 0 −5 5 
3. Write the global system of linear equations
 KT T  = RQ 
 1 −1 0 0  T1   R1 
− 1 4 − 3 0  T   R 
66.7    2  =  2 
 0 − 3 8 − 5 T3   R3 
    
 0 0 − 5 5  T4   R4 
4. Write the element heat rate vector

Since there is NO internal heat generation, Q in the wall, the heat rate vector
for all elements are
0 
r  = r  = r 
1 2 3
Q Q Q = 
0 
5. Write the global system of linear equations
 1 −1 0 0  T1  0 
 −1 4 −3 0  T  0 
66.7    2  =  
 0 −3 8 −5 T3  0 
    
 0 0 −5 5  T4  0 
6. Impose convection and specified temperature boundary conditions (T4 = 20C)

results in modified system of linear equations
1.375 −1 0 0  T1   (25  800) 

 −1 −  T   
4 3 0    0 
66.7   2 =  
 0 −3 8 −5 T3  0 − (−5  66.7)  20 
    
 0 0 −5 5  T4   0
7. Solving the modified system of linear equations yields
T1  304.6 
T  119.0 
 2  o
 =  C
T3   57.1 
T4   20.0 
Example 2
Heat is generated in a large plate (k = 0.8 W/moC) at a rate of 4000 W/m3.
The plate is 25 cm thick. The outside surfaces of the plate are exposed to
ambient air at 30oC with a convection heat transfer coefficient of 20 W/m2oC.
Model the wall using four heat transfer elements and determine: (a) the
temperature distribution in the wall, (b) heat flux, and (c) heat loss from the
right side of the wall surface.
Data:
W
k = 0.8
moC
W
h = 20
moC
T = 30 o C
Example 2: Nastran Solution
55 C 55 C
84.3 C 84.3 C
94 C
Solution
The finite element model for the plane wall is shown below.
h, T
T1 1 T2 2 T3 3 T4 4 T5
x
1 2 3 4 5
h, T
1. Element conductivity matrices.

Since the element length and thermal conductivity are the same for all elements,
we have
 12.8 −12.8 ( 3)  12.8 −12.8 W
(1)
 kT  = 
W
 kT  =
−  m 2 oC
 −12.8 12.8  m 2 oC  12.8 12.8 
 12.8 −12.8 ( 4)  12.8 −12.8 W

( 2)
 kT  = 
W
 kT  = 
−  −12.8 12.8  m C
2o
 12.8 12.8  m 2 oC
2. Assemble the global conductivity matrix,
1 2 3 4 5
 12.8 −12.8 0 0 0 
 −12.8 25.6 −12.8 0 0 
 
 KT  =  0 −12.8 25.6 −12.8 0 
 
 0 0 −12.8 25.6 −12.8 
 0 0 0 −12.8 12.8 
Note: Connectivity with the global node numbers is shown.

3. Heat rate vector for each element
Since the magnitude of internal heat generation and length of all
elements are the same, we have
4000  0.0625 1 125

r 
(1)
=  = 
Q
2 1 125 4. Assemble the global heat rate
vector, we get
4000  0.0625 1 125
rQ 
( 2)
=  =  125 
2 1 125 250 
4000  0.0625 1 125  
r 
Q
( 3)
=  =  RQ  = 250 W
m2
2 1 125 250 
 
4000  0.0625 1 125 125 
r 
( 4)
Q =  = 
2 1 125
5. Write the system of linear equation,  KT T  = RQ 
 12.8 − 12.8 0 0 0  T1  125 

− 12.8 25.6 − 12.8 0 0  T  250
   2   
 0 − 12.8 25.6 − 12.8 0  T3  = 250
    
 0 0 − 12 .8 25 .6 − 12 .8 T
   250
4

 0 0 0 
− 12.8 12.8  T5  125 
6. Impose convection boundary conditions on both sides of the wall,
12.8 + 20 − 12.8 0 0 0  T1  125 + 20(30)

 − 12.8 25 .6 − 12 .8 0 0  T   250 
   2   
 0 − 12.8 25.6 − 12.8 0  T3  =  250 
    
 0 0 − 12 .8 25 .6 − 12 .8 T
   250
4

 0 0 0 − 12.8 12.8 + 20 T5  125 + 20(30)
7. Solving the modified system of linear equations by using Gaussian
elimination method, we obtain the temperatures at the global nodes
as follows,
T1  55.0 
T  84.3
 2   
T3  = 94.0 
o
C
T  84.3
 4  
T5  55.0 
h, T
T1 T2 T3 T4 T5
x
1 2 3 4 5
h, T
Note: Notice the symmetry of the temperature distribution.

8. Compute the heat flux and heat loss.
a) Heat flux through the wall
Consider the 4th element. Using the Fourier’s law, we have
1 T1 
q = −k   −1 1  
le T2  The heat flux through the
wall is not constant due to
1 84.3
q = −0.8   −1 1 55.0 the heat generation Q that
0.0625   occurs in the wall.
W
q = 375
m2
b) Heat loss from the right side of the wall, per unit surface area.
Using the Newton’s law of cooling, we have
W
q = h (Twall − T ) = 20  ( 55 − 30 ) = 500
m2
FINITE ELEMENT METHODS
PART1
1. The solution by FEM is [ A ]
a) Always exact b)mostly approximate c) sometimes exact d) never exact
2. Discrete analysis cover [ C ]
a) all 2-D trusses &frames b)all 3-D trusses &frames c)all 2-D and 3-D trusses &frames
d) no trusses; only frames
3. FEM is a generalization of [ A ]
a) Rayleigh-Ritz method b) weighted residual method c) Finite difference method
d)Finite volume method
4. Variation principle is the basis for [ A ]
a) Displacement method b) weighted residual method c) finite difference method
d) finite volume method
5 .Displacement method is based on minimum [ A ]
a) potential energy b)strain energy c)complementary strain energy d)work done
6 .Hybrid methods is best suited for problems with prescribed [ C ]
a) Displacements b) forces c) stresses d) temperature
7. Primary variable in FEM structural analysis is [ A ]
a)displacement b)force c)stress d)strain
8. Stress boundary conditions can be prescribed in [ B ]
a) Displacement method b) hybrid method c) force method d) mixed method
9. Prescribed loads can form input data in [ A ]
a) Displacement method b) hybrid method c) force method d) mixed method
10. Stiffness matrix approach is used in [ A ]
a) Displacement method b) stress method c) force method d) mixed method
11. Displacement method of FEM for structural analysis gives [ A ]
a) Stiffness matrix b) flexibility matrix c) conductance matrix d) mixed matrix
12. Flexibility matrix approach is used in [ C ]
PART 2
1. Transformation matrix_ for all elements [ C ]
a) is always same b)is different c) depends on element axes d) depend on material
2. Transformation matrix relates_ in element coordinate system with structural coordinate
System [ D ]
a) Displacements b) stresses c) stiffness coefficients d) material properties
3. Primary variable in FEM structural analysis is [ A ]
a) Displacement b) force c) stress d)strain
4. A singular stiffness matrix means [ B ]
a) Unstable structure b) one or more DOF are unrestrained c)wrong connectivity of elements
d) wrong solution expected
5. One possible load in structural analysis is the specified [ A ]
a) Nodal temperature b)stress in an element c) Heat flow d) strain in an element
1
6. Assembled stiffness matrix after applying boundary conditions is NOT [ D ]
a) Square b)symmetric c) banded d)singular
7. Determinant of assembled stiffness matrix before applying boundary conditions is [ B ]
a) <0 b) =0 c) >0 d) depends on the problem
8. Determinant of assembled stiffness matrix after applying boundary conditions is [ C ]
a) <0 b) =0 c) >0 d) depends on the problem
9. A pipe with internal pressure behaves _ a hollow pipe of same section [ B ]
a) with exactly same deflection as b) with lesser bending deflection than
b) with more bending deflection than d) with a different type of deflection
10. Any point in a structure can have maximum of _DOF [ D ]
a) 2 b) 3 c) 4 d) 6
11. A 1-D structural element is a [ D ]
a) truss element b) beam element c) pipe element d) all of them
12. Meshing for 1-D element is [ B ]
a) Essential b) optional c)reduces input data d) depend on other data
PART 3
1. Complete polynomial is ___ important, compared to symmetry of displacement polynomial w.r.to
coordinate directions [ C ]
a) Equally b) more c) less d) unrelated
2. A triangular element with cubic displacement function require___ nodes to represent the
complete and symmetric polynomial [ D ]
a) 3 b) 6 c) 9 d) 10
3. A triangular element with quadratic displacement function require ___ nodes to represent the
complete polynomial [ B ]
a) 3 b) 6 c) 6 d)10
4. A triangular 9-noded element will usually have ___cubic displacement function [ B ]
a) Symmetric& complete b) symmetric& incomplete c) un symmetric & complete
d) un symmetric & incomplete
5. A constant term in the displacement function ensures [ A ]
a) Rigid body mode b) constant strain mode c) zero stress d) zero deformation
6. Number of terms in the displacement function in relation to the number of nodes in that
element is [ B ]
a) More b) equal c) less d) unrelated
7. A linear term in the displacement function ensures [ B ]
a) Rigid body more b) constant strain mode c) strain varying in the element d) stress varying
in the element
8. All stiffness coefficients of a plate bending element have _ units [ B ]
a) Same b) different c) any set of d) depend on other data
9. All stiffness coefficients of an axisymmetric element have _ units [ A ]
a) Same b) different c) any set of d) depend on other data
10. Displacement method can NOT be used with _ boundary conditions [ C ]
a) Pressure b) temperature c) stress d) displacement
11. A triangular plane stress element has ____ D.O.F [ A ]
a) 6 b) 9 c) 12 d) 15
12. A thin shell element has___ no. of DOF, compared to a plate bending element [ B ]
a) Same b) more c) less d) un related
2
13. A plane stress element has __ no. of DOF, compared to a plate bending element [ C ]
14. An axisymmetric element has__ no.of DOF, compared to a plate bending element [ C ]
15. A structural thin shell triangular element has ___DOF [ D ]
a) 3 b) 6 c) 9 d) 18
16. A triangular plane strain element has___ DOJ [ B ]
a) 3 b) 6 c) 9 d) 15
17. Number of displacement polynomials used for an element depends on [ D ]
a) No. of nodes/ element b) No. of DOF/ node c) No. of DOF/ element d) type of element
18. For a plate bending element, number of displacement polynomials and number of D.O.F/
node are [ B ]
a) 1,2 b) 1,3 c) 2,3 d) 2,4
19. Accuracy of solution in a 2-D component depends on [ A ]
a) Included angle of elements b) size of the component c) no.of DOF/ node d) type of load
20. Displacement of any point on a side is related to displacements of nodes on that side only,
ensures [ B ]
a) Equilibrium b) compatibility c) energy balance d) continuity along inter- element boundary
21. Continuum analysis covers [ C ]
a) All 2-Dtrusses & frames b) all 3- D trusses & frames c) all 2-D and 3-D plates, solids
d) only 3-D solids
22. Optimum number of element in finite element model depends on assessment of_
distribution in the component [ B ]
a) Displacement b) stress c) strain d) potential energy
23. Displacement function which matches function value at the specified nodes is classified as [ A ]
a) Lagrange interpolation function b) serendipity function c) Hermite interpolation function
d) pascal function
24. Displacement function which matches function value as well as its derivatives (slopes) at
the specified nodes is classified as [ C ]
a) Lagrange interpolation function b) serendipity function c) Hermite interpolation function
d) pascal function
25. Continuum analysis includes [ D ]
a) Trusses b) beams c) plates d) plates & solids
26. Continuum element and discrete members can be included in a single model for
analysis [ D ]
a) Always true b) sometimes true c) never true d) depends on matching DOF
27. Continuum elements in different analysis may vary in [ D ]
a) Size b) shape c) size or shape d) size & shape
28. Element formed with edges parallel to coordinate axes is called [ C ]
a) Simplex element b) complex element c) multiplex element d) compound element
29. An element with no Internal nodes is classified as [ A ]
a) Serendipity element b) Lagrange element c) Hermite element d) Laplace element
30. An element with internal nodes is classified as [ B ]
a) Serendipity element b) Lagrange element c)Hermite element d) Laplace element
31. A concrete pedestal is represented by [ C ]
a) Plane stress elements b) plane strain elements c) 3-D solid elements d) 3-D shell elements
32. Combination of plane stress element behavior and plate bending behavior forms [ C ]
a) 3-D solid element b) 3-D shell element c) thin shell element d) thick shell element
3
33. A 3-D dam is usually modeled with [ B ]
a) 2-D plane stress elements b) 2-D plane strain element s c) 3-D solid elements
d) 3-D shell elements
34. Element formed by joining n+1nodes in n-dimensional space is called [ A ]
35. Element formed with quadratic or higher order displacement polynomial is a [ B ]
36. Element connecting lower order element and higher order element in a mesh are called [ A ]
a) Transition elements b) sub-parametric elements c) iso –parametric elements
d) super- parametric elements
37. Elements having mid-side nodes only on some sides are called [ A ]
a) Transition elements b) sub- parametric elements c) isoparametric elements
d) super – parametric elements
38. Stress- strain matrix for plane element, if strain is represented by S ij and stress is represented by
stij, is obtained from the condition [ D ]
a) Szz=0 b) Szx=0 c) stzx=0 d) stzz=0
39. Stress – strain matrix for plane strain element, if strain is represented by s ij, is obtained from the
condition [ A ]
a) Szz=0 b) szx=0 c) stzx=0 d) stzz=0
40. Stress –strain matrix for axisymmetric element is of order [ A ]
a) 3*3 b)4*4 c) 6*6 d) 9*9
41. Stress- strain matrix for plate bending element is of order [ A ]
a) 3*3 b) 4*4 c) 6*6 d) 9*9
42. Elasticity matrix for_ behavior is similar to 3-D elasticity matrix [ B ]
a) Plane stress b) plane strain c) plate bending d) axisymmetric
43. Plane stress element is an extension of [ A ]
a) Truss element b) beam element c) pipe element d) spring element
44. Plate bending element is an extension of [ B ]
a) Truss element b) beam element c) pipe element d) spring element
45. Wrong sequencing of nodal connectivity in 2-D & 3-D problems leads to [ C ]
a) + ve Jacobian b) zero Jacobean c) –ve jacobian d) no relation with jacobion
46. Axisymmetric structures are usually modeled in [ B ]
a) Element local coordinates b) global Cartesian coordinates c) global cylindrical coordinates
d) user specified system
47. A plate of 1 cm thickness with in- plane loads IS modeled by [ A ]
a) Plane stress element b) plane strain element c) plate bending element d) any one of them
48. Actual thickness of plane strain element is [ B ]
a) Very small b) very large c) any specified value d) assumed by software
49. Order of stiffness matrix for a plane stress model with 20 nodes is [ C ]
a) 10 b) 20 c) 40 d) 60
50. Order of stiffness matrix for an axisymmetric model with 20 nodes is [ C ]
a) 10 b) 20 c) 40 d) 60
51. number of stress components per node calculated for a plane stress quadrilateral element is
[ B ]
a) 2 b) 3 c) 4 d) 5
52. Number of stress components per node calculated for a triangular axisymmetric element is
[ C ]
a) 2 b) 3 c) 4 d) 5
4
53. A general plate element is a superposition of___ elements [ C ]
a) Plane stress & plane strain b) plain strain & plate bending c) plane stress & plate bending
d) Plate bending only
54. An element with in – plane loads having 3 nodes along each side is a [ B ]
a) Constant strain element b) linear strain element c) quadratic strain element
d) Constant displacement method
PART 4
1. Curved boundary is better modeled by using [ D ]
a) Non- dimensional shape function b) higher order element c) more number of simple element d) is
parametric element
2. Sum of shape functions at a point is [ A ]
a) 1 b) 0 c) any +Ve integer d) any –ve integer
3. When fewer nodes are used to define the geometry than are used to define the displacement, the element
is called _element [ A ]
a) Sub parametric bb) isoparametric c) super parametric d) complex
4. When same number of nodes are used to define the geometry and displacement, the element is called
_element [ B ]
a) Sub parametric b) iso parametric c) super parametric d) simple
5. When more nodes are used to define the geometry than are used to define the displacement, the element
is called _ element [ C ]
a) Sub parametric b) iso parametric c) Super parametric d) complex
6. Derivatives of displacement function with respect to element coordinate system and non-dimensional
coordinate system is given by [ D ]
a) Lagrangian b) poisson c) Gaussian d) jacobian
7. Number of shape functions for a triangular plane stress element are [ B ]
a) 2 b) 3 c) 4 d) 6
8. Number of shape functions for a quadrilateral plan stress element are [ C ]
a) 2 b) 3 c) 4 d) 8
9. Number of shape functions for a 8-noded quadrilateral plan stress element is [ D ]
a) 2 b) 3 c) 4 d) 8
10. Shape functions for a triangular plane stress element are also called [ B ]
a) r-s coordinates b) area coordinates c) volume coordinates d) x-y coordinates
PART 5
1. A symmetric structure can be analyzed by modeling one symmetric part [ D ]
a) Depending on applied loads b) depending on boundary conditions
b) c) always yes d) depending on applied load & boundary conditions
2. Anti-symmetric boundary condition along an edge of a 2-D structure implies, applied loads are ___ on
either side of the edge [ B ]
a)Opposite b) equal c) equal and opposite d) unrelated
3. Sector symmetry boundary condition implies ___ along two radial edges of the sector [ B ]
a) Same radial displacements in Cartesian in coordinate system
b) Same circumferential displacements in cylindrical coordinate system
c) Equal and opposite radial displacement in Cartesian coordinate system
d) Equal and opposite circumferential displacements in cylindrical coordinate system
5
4. Cyclic symmetry boundary condition implies ___along two edges of the sector [ B ]
a) Same radial displacements in Cartesian coordinate system
b) Same circumferential displacements in cylindrical coordinate system
c) Equal & opposite radial displacements in Cartesian coordinate system
d) Equal and opposite circumferential displacements in cylindrical coordinate system
5. An octagonal section chimney with hot gases inside can be analyzed using ___model [ D ]
th
a) Full section b) one half of section c) one quarter of section d) 1/8 of section
6. Use of non- dimensional coordinates helps in [ A ]
a) Numerical integration b) displacement calculation c) stress calculation d) strain calculation
7. Gaussian points are used for [ A ]
a) Numerical integration b) displacement calculation c) stress calculation d) strain calculation
8. Quadrature means [ C ]
a) Calculation of area of element b) calculation of element stress c) numerical integration for getting
stiffness coefficients d) calculation of nodal displacement
9. Accuracy of stiffness matrix improves with [ A ]
a) More number of Gaussian points b) more number of nodes c) size of elements
d) shape of element
10. Sector symmetry and cyclic symmetry differ [ A ]
a) In the shape of sector edges b) in the size of sector edges c) in radial displacements along two sector
edges d) in circumferential displacements along two sector edges
11. Using symmetry condition ___ ;but gives same solution [ D ]
a) Saves computer time b) saves computer memory c) saves effort of data preparation d) all of them
12. Symmetry boundary condition about an edge is applicable when [ C ]
a) Normal loads & normal displacements at nodes along the edge are zero
b) Loads & displacement along the edge are zero
c) Normal loads & normal displacements at nodes on either side of the edge are equal & opposite
d) Lodes & displacements along the edge are same
13. A cantilever beam can be analyzed as a plate with ___ boundary conditions [ D ]
a) Cartesian symmetric b) sector symmetry c) cyclic symmetry d) Cartesian anti-symmetric
14. Number of DOF for 2-node cantilever and propped cantilever are [ B ]
a) 1,2 b) 2,1 c) 3,4 d) 2,4
15. Number of DOF for 3-noded simply supported beam and fixed beam are [ D ]
a) 1,2 b) 2,3 c) 3,4 d) 4,2
16. Small region of interest in a big component can be analyzed using free body end conditions [ A ]
a) Always true b) sometimes true c) never true d) depends on other data
17. ___model of a rectangular plate with a circular hole at the center , and loaded uniformly along the four
edges, is adequate for analysis [ C ]
a) Full b) ½ c) ¼ d) 1/8
18. ____model of a square plate with a circular hole at the center , and loaded uniformly along the four
edges, is adequate for analysis [ D ]
a) Full b) ½ c) ¼ d) 1/8
19. ____mode of a square plate with a rectangular hole at the center(edges parallel to the edges of the plate)
, and loaded uniformly along the four edges, is adequate for analysis [ C ]
a) Full b) ½ c) ¼ d) 1/8
20. In statically equivalent loads, free end moment of a cantilever of length L with uniformly distributed
load of value ‘P’ is [ B ]
2 2 2 2
a) pL /4 b) pL /8 c) pL /12 d) pL /16
6
21. Inconsistent loads, free end moment, of a cantilever of length L with uniformly distributed load of value
S is [ C ]
a) pL2/4 b) pL2/8 c) pL2/12 d) pL2/16
22. In statically equivalent loads, end moment of a simply supported beam of length L with a concentrated
load P at the midpoint is [ A ]
a) PL/4 b) PL/8 c)PL/12 d)PL/16
23. Inconsistent loads, end moment of a simply supported beam of length L with a concentrated load P at
the midpoint is [ B ]
a) PL/4 b) PL/8 c) PL/12 d) PL/16
24. In statically equivalent loads, end moment of a simply supported beam of length L with a uniformly
distributed load of value P is [ B ]
a) pL2/4 b) pL2/8 c) pL2/12 d) pL2/16
25. In consistent loads, end moment of a simply supported beam of length L with a uniformly distributed
load of value p is [ C ]
a) pL2/4 b) pL2/8 c)pL2/12 D) Pl2/16
26. Consistent loads for a LST element with uniform pressure P along an edge of length L at the two end
nodes and mid- node are [ D ]
a) pL/2,pL/2,0 b)pL/3,pL/3,pL/3 c) pL/4,pL/4,pL/2 d) pL/6,pL/6,2pL/3
27. The process of reducing number of mid-side or internal nodes before assembling element stiffness
matrices is called [ D ]
a) Gauss reduction b) Jacobi reduction c) choleski reduction d) static condensation
28. Lengths of longest side and shortest side of a 2-D or 3-D element decide the [ A ]
a) Aspect ratio b) shape function c) order of displacement polynomial d) included angle
29. Number of nodes along the side of a 2-D or 3-D element decide the [ C ]
a) Aspect ratio b) shape function c) order of displacement polynomial d) nature of deformation
PART 6
1. An unconstrained 3-D frame with 4 nodes has____ number of zero frequencies [ D ]
a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 d) 6
2. A frequency of value___ indicates rigid body motion along one dof [ A ]
a) Zero b) 1 c) infinity d) less than zero
3. Principal modes of vibration of a multi- dof system are [ B ]
a) Parallel b) orthogonal c) integer multiples d)fractional multiples
4. With lumped mass matrix, the differential equation of vibration refers to [ A ]
a) Elastic coupling b) inertia coupling c)mode superposition d) both inertia and elastic coupling
5. With consistent mass matrix, the different equation of vibration refers to [ B ]
a)Elastic coupling b) inertia coupling c) mode superposition d) both inertia and elastic
6. Normalizing eigen vector w.r.to mass matrix is useful in [ A ]
a) Mode superposition b) evaluating natural frequencies c) Frequency response d) damped vibration
7. An unconstrained 2-D frame with 4 modes has ____number of zero frequencies [ C ]
a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 d) 6
8. A 4-noded cantilever gives___ number of frequencies [ C ]
a) 3 b) 4 c) 6 d) 9
9. A 3-noded simply supported beam gives____ number of frequencies [ B ]
a) 3 b) 4 c) 5 d) 7
10. A natural mode of vibration represents____ at each node [ B ]
a) Absolute displacements b) relative displacements c) proportional displacements d) absolute strain
7
PART 7
1. Conductance matrix is the equivalent of stiffness matrix in [ A ]
a) Thermal analysis b) dynamic analysis c) fluid analysis d) static structural analysis
2. ____problem is solved through iterative method [ A ]
a) Transient thermal b) steady state thermal c) structure with thermal loads d) static structural analysis
3. No. of DOF for a 4-noded quadrilateral thermal element is [ A ]
a) 4 b) 8 c) 12 d) 16
4. No. of DOF for a 3-noded triangular thermal element is [ A ]
a) 3 b) 6 c) 9 d) 12
5. No. of DOF for a 6-noded triangular thermal element is [ B ]
a) 3 b) 6 c) 9 d)12
6. No. of DOF for a 4-noded tetrahedran thermal element is [ A ]
a) 4 b) 8 c) 12 d)16
7. No. of DOF for a8-noded quadrilateral thermal element is [ B ]
a) 4 b) 8 c) 12 d)16
8. No. of DOF per node in a triangular thermal element is [ A ]
a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 d) 4
9. No. of DOF per node in a quadrilateral thermal element is [ A ]
a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 d)4
PART 8
1. ANSYS uses [ B ]
a) Frontal solution b) banded matrix solution c) Cramer’s rule d) cholesky decomposition
2. A single analysis with 3 similar load steps takes____ time compared to 3 analyses with single load case
in each [ B ]
a) 3 times more b) <3 times more c) same d) not related
3. An analysis with 1load step takes __ time compared to analysis with 3 similar load cases [ B ]
a) 1/3 times less b) >1/3 times less c) same d) not related
4. Consistent loads are based on [ C ]
a) Stress equilibrium b) displacement continuity c) energy equivalence d) force balance
5. Within elastic limit, results due to a combination of loads is same as linear superposition of results by
each of those loads [ A ]
a) Always true b) always false c) sometimes true d) needs repeated analysis
6. A truss element in ANSYS is identified as [ B ]
a) Line element b) spar element c) truss element d) beam element
7. A uniformly distributed load on a beam is indicated in ANSYS as [ C ]
a) Udl b) uvl c) pressure d) equivalent nodal loads
8. Uniform pressure along an edge of a plate element is specified in ANSYS as [ C ]
a) Pressure on element b) pressure along edge c) pressure at each node d) same pressure at all nodes
9. Deformed shape of a simply supported beam with concentrated load at the mid-point appears in ANSYS
as [ B ]
a) Circular are b) triangle with max displacement at mid-point c) parabolic arc d) straight line
10. Deformed share in ANSYS is drawn with [ C ]
a) Actual nodal displacements b) normalized nodal displacements
c) magnified nodal displacements d) reduced nodal displacements
11. Loads commands in ANSYS includes [ A ]
a) Loads& displacements b) loads & stresses c) loads only d) loads or displacements
8
12. As a default option, mesh is refined in ANSYS using [ B ]
a) G-method b) h-method c) p-method d) r-method
13. Real constants in ANSYS indicate [ B ]
a) Material properties b) section properties c) thermal properties d) nodal loads
14. ‘’Attributes’’ in ANSYS refer to [ A ]
a) Section& material properties b) section properties c) material properties d) applied loads
15. Basic shapes of area /volume in ANSYS modeling are called [ B ]
a) Basics b) primitives c) primaries d) areas and volumes
16. Most FEM software reduce computer memory requirement by storing [ B ]
a) Half of symmetric stiffness matrix b) half of banded matrix
c) Stiffness matrix as a column vector d) complete stiffness matrix
17. Most FEM software use [ A ]
a) Displacement method b) force method c) stress method d) hybrid method
18. Stresses in most FEM software are given in [ C ]
a) N/mm2 b) Pascal c) units based on input data d) user specified units
19. Most FEM software analyze a structure using [ A ]
20. Displacements in most FEM software are given in [ C ]
a) mm b) m c) units based on input data d) user specified units
21. Distributed load along an edge of a plan stress element is usually specified as [ A ]
a) Pressure at nodes along the edge
b) pressure along the edge
c) equivalent nodal loads at the nodes on the edge
d) different values of pressure applied at all nodes of the element
22. A tensile distributed load along an edge of a plane stress element is represented by___ at the nodes
[ B ]
a) + Ve pressure b) –ve pressure c) +ve nodal loads d) –ve nodal loads
23. Generalized load means [ C ]
a) Load b) displacement c) load or displacement d) temperature
24. Attributes in ANSYS refer to ______ for the elements [ C ]
a) Material property set number
b) section property set number
c) material & section property set numbers
d) load set number
25. ANSYS accepts section properties set based on ______ [ A ]
a) Element type b) element size c) type of load d) type of material
9
FEM BITS
1 A triangular plane stress element has ………degree’s of freedom [ D ]
[A] 3 [B] 4 [C] 5 [D] 6
2 Number of displacement polynomials used for an element depends on [ C ]
[A] Nature of element [B] type of an element [C] degrees of freedom [D] nodes
3 In weighted residual technique,the methods adopted are [ D ]

[A] point collocation method [B] least squares method [C] galerkin’s method [D] all
4 The higher order elements are also called as [ A ]
[A] complex elements [B] compound element [C] linear element [D] none
5 The eight node quadrilateral element belongs to…………. Family fo elements [ A ]
[A] Serendipity [B] interdipity [C] sardipity [D] none
6 The displacement function for 1-D ,two node linear element in terms of shape function will be [ C ]
[A] u = N1u2 + N2u1 [B] u = N2 u1 + N1u2 [C] u = N1u1+N2u2 [D] u = N1u1+N1u2
7 On gathering stiffness and loads ,the system of equations is given by [ A ]

[A] KQ=F [B] KQ≠F [C] K=QF [D] K≠QF
8 A six noded triangular element is known as [ B ]
[A] linear strain triangular element [B] constant strain triangular element
[C] varaiable strain triangular element [D] differable strain triangular element
The art of subdividing a structure int a convenient number of smaller components isCalled [ A ]
9 [A] discretization [B] numbering of nodes [C] continumm [D] both a &b
10 A three noded triangular element is called as [ B ]
[A]linear strain triangular element [B] constant strain triangular element
11 Identify the stress –strain relationship matrix [ A ]

1𝑣 0 10 0 1𝑣 0 1𝑣 0
[A] . 𝑣1 0 [B] 𝑣1 0 [C] 𝑣1 𝑣 [D] 𝑣0 0
00 00 00 00
12 Stiffness mmatrix for 2D CST element [ A ]
[A][𝐵] [[D] [[B] A t [B] [𝐵] [[D] [[B] A t [C][𝐵] [[D] [[B] A t [D][𝐵] [[D] [[B]A t
13 The geometry and other parameters of an element in terms of only one spatial coordinate [ D ]
then the element is
[A] 2 dimensional [B] one dimensional [C] three dimensional [D] none
14 The finite element method is mostly used in the field of [ D ]
[A] structural mechanics [B]classical mechanics [C] applied mechanics [D]engg mecahnics
15 FEM cant produce exact results as those of…………methods [ D ]
[A] analytical [B] logical [C] theoritical [D] all the above
16 Sum of all shape functions is equal to [ C ]
[A] Zero [B] -1 [C] +1 [D] 2
17 The higher order elements are also called as [ A ]
[A] complex elements [B] compound element [C] linear element [D] none
18 At Fixed support The displacements are equal to …………………………… [ D ]
[A] 1 [B] 2 [C] 3 [D] 0
19 FEM also operates the parameters like [ D ]
[A] heat transfer [B] temperature [C] both A&B [D] none
20 Range of poisson’s ratio for metals is [ D ]
[A] 0.25-0.33 [B] 0.22-0.45 [C] 0.22-0.25 [D] 0.25-0.50
1 The sub domains are called as [ C ]
[A]Particles [B] molecules [C] elements [D] None
10
2 If any element is specified by the polynomial of the order of two or more, the element is known [ B]
as
[A] non linear element [B] higher order element [C] both A&B [D] none
3 The shape function of the beam elements are known as [ B ]
[A] hermite shape functions [B] element shape functions
[C] hermite element functions [D] both A&B
4 FEM also operates the parameters like [ C ]
[A] heat transfer [B] temperature [C] both A&B [D] none
5 The total potential energy is the algebraic sum of [ B ]
[A] integral strain energy and work potential
[B] integral strain energy and external work done
[C]integral stress energy and work potential
[D] integral stress energy and external work done
6 In FEM the complex domain defining a continuum is divided into [ B ]
[A] points [B] elements [C] traiangles [D] none
7 The number of nodes for 1 D element are... [ B ]
[A] 1 [B] 2 [C] 3 [D] none
8 Finite element analysis deals with [ A ]
[A] approximate numerical solution [B] non boundary value problems
[C] partial differential equations [D] Laplace equations
9 The sum of shape functions is always [ A ]
[A] 1 [B] 0 [C] infinite [D] None
10 Stiffness matrix depends on [ C ]
[A] material [B] geometry [C] both [D] none
11 The sub domains are called as [ C ]
[A] particles [B] molecules [C] elements [D] None
12 If any element is specified by the polynomial of the order of two or more, the element is known [ B ]
as
[A] non linear element [B] higher order element [C] both A&B [D] none
13 The shape function of the beam elements are known as [ B ]
[A] hermite shape functions [B] element shape functions
[C] hermite element functions [D] both A&B
14 Units for torsion force is [ B ]
[A] N/mm2 [B] N/m [C] Kgf/m [D] Kgf/mm
15 If 𝑘 = 𝑘 = 𝑘, a constant in two dimensional plane region then the poissons equation is [ B ]
given by
[A] k[∇ ∅) + 𝑄 = 0 [B]∇ ∅ = 0[C] ∇ ∅) + 𝑄 = 0[D] Q=0
16 For two dimensional plane stress problems, normal and shear stress are… [ A ]
[A] zero [B] equal [C] same [D] both a&b
17 For constant strain triangle element, the shape function is [ A ]
[A] 𝑁 + 𝑁 + 𝑁 =1 [B] 𝑁 + 𝑁 + 𝑁 =0
[C] 𝑁 + 𝑁 + 𝑁 =2 [D] 𝑁 + 𝑁 + 𝑁 =4

[A] 0.25-0.33 [B] 0.22-0.45 [C] 0.22-0.25 [D] 0.25-0.50
19 Example of 2-D Element [ B ]
[A] Bar [B] Triangle [C] Hexahedron [D] Tetrahedron
20 For 1-D bar elements if the structure is having 3 nodes then the stiffness matrix formed [ B]
is having order of………………………..
[A] 2*2 [B] 3*3 [C] 4*4 [D] 6*6
11
1 The force required to produce unit displacement is [ A ]
[A] pressure [B] traction [C] stiffness [D] none
2 The distributed force per unit area on the surface of the body is [ A ]
[A] pressure [B] surface tension [C] traction [D] none
3 Domain is divided into some segments called [ A ]
[A] finite element [B]stiffness matrix [C]node function [D]shape function
4 Unit of body force acting on every elemental volume of the body is [ A ]
[A] force per unit area [B] force per unit length
[C] force per unit volume [D]force per unit time
5 . …….are used to find the nodal displacements in all parts of element [ A ]
[A] shape function[B]node function[C]element function [D]coordinate function
6 The ………….is the numerical method for solving complex problems in wide variety of [ A ]
engineering fields
[A] FEA [B] computational analysis [C] ansys [D] ANSA
7 The nature of loading at various locations and other surfaces conditions called [ A ]
[A] boundary condition [B] traction [C] friction [D]surfacing
8 The truss element can resist only [ A ]

[A] axial force [B] surface force [C] point load [D] none
The truss element can deform only in the [ A ]

9 [A] axial direction [B] vertical direction
[C] horizontal directional [D] inclined direction
10 3-dimensional frames are used to [ D ]
[A] Modelling of cars and bicycle frames [B] aerodynamics
[C] bus frames [D] none
11 Displacement can’t be used with ………………………..boundary conditions [ D ]
[A] stress [B] strain [C] temperature [D] none
12 The ………….is the numerical method for solving complex problems in wide variety of [ A ]
engineering fields
[A] FEA [B] computational analysis [C] ansys [D] ANSA
13 The nature of loading at various locations and other surfaces conditions called [ A ]
[A] boundary condition [B] traction [C] friction [D]surfacing
14 The truss element can resist only [ A ]

[A] axial force [B] surface force [C] point load [D] none
16 The formulae to find the Number of displacements for truss having 3 nodes is…………. [ A ]
[A]Number of nodes*2 [B] Number of nodes*3
[C] Number of nodes*4 [D] Number of nodes*1
[A] 1 [B] 2 [C] 3 [D] 0
18 Example of 1-D Element [ A ]
[A] Bar [B] Triangle [C] Square [D] Tetrahedron
19 Transformation matrix is represented by [ C ]
[A] [K] [B] [B] [C] [L] [D] [D]
20 Hinged support is having ……….. number of reaction forces [ C ]
[A] 1 [B] 2 [C] 3 [D]
1 The art of sub dividing a structure into a convenient number of smaller components is known as [ C]
[A] node [B] elementization [C] discretization [D] numbering
12
2 The point in the entire structure is defined using coordinates system is known as [D ]
[A] local coordinate [B]natural coordinate
[C]region coordinate [D] global coordinate
3 …….magnitude never exceeds unity [ B ]
[A] local coordinate [B] natural coordinate
[C] region coordinate [D] global coordinate
4 The shape function has…value at one nodal point and…value at other nodal point [ C ]
[A] unity, negative [B] positive, negative [C] unity, zero [D] high, low
6 A small unit having definite shape of geometry and node is known as [ B ]
[A] Discrete element [B] finite element
[C] assembled element [D] Infinite element
7 Example for one – Dimensional element is ….. [ C ]
[A] Triangular element [B] Brick element
[C] Truss element [D] Axisymmetric element
8 The state of stress for a three dimensional body has——— components. [ A ]
[A] six [B] three [C] two [D] four
9 The determinant of an element stiffness matrix is always [B ]
[A] one [B] zero [C] depends on size of [K] [D] Two
10 Finite element analysis deals with [ A ]
[A] Approximate numerical solutions [B] Non boundary value problems
[C] Partial Differential equations [D] All the above
11 How many nodes are in 3-D brick element [ D ]
[A] 3 [B]6 [C] 5 [D]8
12 A Deformable system is in equilibrium, if the first variation in the total P.E of the system is [ B ]
zero‘refers to
[A] theorem of stationary P.E [B] theorem of virtual work
[C] theorem of virtual displacement [D] bettis theorem
13 In one of the property of shape function, summation of shape function [Σfi] is [C ]
[A] n [B] 2n [C] 1 [D] 0
14 In case of a truss member if there are 3 nodes and each node 2 DOF, then the order of Stiffness [D ]
matrix is
[A] 2x2 [B] 3x3 [C] 2x3 [D] 6x6
15 The truss element can deform only in the .[ a ] [ A ]
[A] axial direction [B] vertical direction
[C] horizontal directional [D] inclined direction
16 The size of the stiffness matrix is equal to the degree of freedom of the [ A]
[A] element [B] node [C] shape function [D] beam
17 In FEM the degree of freedom is often called as [ B ]
[A] shape function [B] nodal displacement[C] element matrix[D] coordinates
18 The final global finite element equation for the complete structure can be written in theMatrix [ C ]
form
[A] {F}=[k]+{u} [B] {F}=[k]-{u} [C] {F=[k]{u} [D] {F=[k]/{u}
19 The number of shape functions will be equal to the number of [ A ]
[A] nodes of element [B] elements of the structure
[C] size of the structure [D] coordinates
[A] 1 [B] 2 [C] 3 [D] 0
1.LST element has ________nodes. [ D ]

a)3 b)4 c)5 d)6
2.________ elements are preferred to four node rectangular elements [ A ]
13
a) Triangular b)square c)orthogonal d)None
3.First derivatives of the three node elements are called as [ A ]
a)CST b)LST c)VST d)None
4. In CST element ________ is constant [ B ]
a)Stress b)Strain c)shape function d)All
5. In local co-ordinate system the nodes of the structure are specified by the _______ [ A ]
a)Origin b)End points c)Any point on the element d)None
6. In local co-ordinate system ________case letters are preferred. [ B ]
a)Upper b)Lower c)both a & b d)None
7. The two dimensional elements are called ________elements [ C ]
a) Para symmetric b) dia symmetric c) Axi symmetric d)All
8.To convert Cartesian co-ordinates in to local co-ordinates we use_______ matrix method [ C ]
a) Crammer b)Henry c)Jacobian d)None
9.If the geometry and field displacement variables of the elements are described by the same shape
functions, then these elements are called___________ [ A ]
a) Iso Parametric b)Axi Symmetric c)Super parametric d)Sub Parametric
10.If the geometry of the elements are described by a lower order shape functions ,then these elements
are called _______ [ D ]
11. If the geometry of the elements are described by a Higher order shape functions ,then these
elements are called _______ [ C ]
12.In super parametric elements ,the following condition exists [ B ]
a) i=j b) i<j c) i>j d)none
13.In sub parametric elements ,the following condition exists [ C ]
14.In iso parametric elements ,the following condition exists [ A ]
15In FEA, to evaluate the strain displacement matrix we use________ method. [ C ]
a) Crammer b)Henry c)Jacobian d)None
1.The steady state problems are those which are independent of _______ [ A ]
a) time b) temperature c) pressure d) all of the above
2. For 1-D heat conductional element, Temperature function, T= [ A ]
a)N1T1+N2T2 b) N1T1-N2T2 c) N1T1/N2T2 d) none
3.Locus of points through which a fluid particle of fixed identity passes as it moves
in space is [ C ]
a) streamline b) streak line c)path line d) none
4. locus of points in space that all particles falling on the line whose velocity vectors are tangent to the
line is _________ [ A ]
a) ) streamline b) streak line c)path line d) none
5._______flow is a frictionless flow characterized by zero viscosity [ B ]
a) viscous b) inviscid c) intermittent d) none
6._________ problems depends on vertical deflection [ A ]
a) structural b) heat transfer c) both a) and b) d) none
7.Each node in structural problem has ____degrees of freedom [ B ]
14
a) 1 b)2 c) 3 d)4
8.Each node in heat transfer problem has _____ degrees of freedom [ A ]
a) 1 b)2 c) 3 d)4
9.heat transfer problem depends on [ D ]
a) thermal conductivity b) heat coefficient c) ambient temperature d) all
10.Minimum potential energy method is used to determine [ D ]
a) deflection b) slope c) temperature distribution d) all
11. Governing equation for two dimensional heat conduction is [a]

a) 𝑘𝑥 + 𝑘𝑥 +𝑄 =0 b) 𝑘𝑥 + 𝑘𝑥 +𝑄 =0
c) 𝑘𝑥 + 𝑘𝑥 +𝑄 =0 d) 𝑘𝑥 + 𝑘𝑥 +𝑄 =0
1.the potential function is given by ɸ = [A ]
a) N1P1+N2P2 b) N1P1-N2P2 c) N1P1/N2P2 d) none
2. the volumetric flow rate is given by [ A ]
a) f=VA b) f=V/A c) V=fA d) none
1.________is the reciprocal of period [ B ]
a) displacement b) frequency c) amplitude d) none
2.__________method is used to calculate nodal displacements at several intervals of time [ A ]
a) direct integration b) indirect integration c) both d)none
3.Explicit method is also called ________method [ C ]
a) New mark’s b) Wilson’s c) Central difference d) none
4. Wilson’s method is a category of _______ method [B ]
a) Explicit b) Implicit c) both d)all
5. In Wilson’s method, acceleration varies _________ [ B ]
a) hyperbolic b) linearly c) as sine wave d) none
1 In below choose which is the correct condition for axisymmetric element [ D ]

[A] Symmetric about axis [B] Boundary conditions are symmetric about axis
[C] Loading conditions are symmetric about axis [D]All the above
2 QST element consist of _________ number of nodes [ C ]
[A] 8 [B] 9 [C] 10 [D] 11
3 Based below condition which is a serendipity triangular element _______ [ A ]
[A] Nodes at corner [B] nodes at centre [C] nodes on element [D] none
4 Heat transfer takes place between solid to liquid is known as____________ [ B ]
[A] conduction [B] convection [C]Radiation [D] all of the above
15
5 Nodal points greater than geometry points is known as__________ [ B ]
[A] Isoparametric [B] Subparametric [C] Superperametric [D] QST
6 Based on which parameter an polynomial function can be chosen________________ [ C ]
[A] Nodes [B] Nodal points [C] Nodal displacements [D] Elements
7 Transformation axis is also known as _____________ [B ]
[A] transformed axis [B] non-dimensional axis [C] natural coordinates [D] All
8 A six noded triangular element is known as [ A ]
[ D ]
9 Heat transfer takes place due to ________________
[A] conduction [B] convection [C] Radiation [D] ∆T
10 FEM equation for Fluid mechanics Element [B ]
[A]F=KT [B] F=KP [C] F=KU [D] F=KZ
11 Stifness matrix for Axis symmetriceleement is [ A ]
[A] [B]T[D][B]2πrt [B] [D]T[D][B]At [C] [B]T[D][L] 2πrt [D] [B]T[D][B]At
[A] [𝐵] [D] [B] A t [B] [𝐵] [D] [B] A t [C] [𝐵] [D] [B] A t [D] [𝐵] [D] [B]A t
13 Jacobian matrix, [J]=
14 In Fluid Mechanics Problems the Unkonown is ____________________ [ B ]
[A] Temperature [B]Potential [C] Displacement [D]Shape functions

15 LST element contains ______________ nodes [ D ]
[A] 1 [B] 2 [C] 3 [D] 6
[A] Zero [B] -1 [C] +1 [D] 2
17 Iso-Parametric Element is _____Element [ B ]
[A] Regular [B] Ir-regular [C] Sub [D] Super
18 Axis-Symmetric element is______________Element [ B ]
[A] 1D [B] 2D [C] 3D [D] 4D
[A] heat transfer [B] temperature [C] Potential [D] All of the above
[A] 0.25-0.33 [B] 0.22-0.45 [C] 0.22-0.25 [D] 0.25-0.50
In below choose which is the correct condition for axisymmetric element [ D ]
2 QST element consist of _________ number of nodes [ C ]
[A] 8 [B] 9 [C] 10 [D] 11
3 Based below condition which is a serendipity triangular element _______ [ A ]
4 Heat transfer takes place between solid to liquid is known as____________ [ B ]
5 Nodal points greater than geometry points is known as__________ [ B ]
6 Based on which parameter an polynomial function can be chosen________________ [ C ]
7 Transformation axis is also known as _____________ [B ]
8 A six noded triangular element is known as [ A ]
16
[ D ]
10 FEM equation for Fluid mechanics Element [B ]
11 Stifness matrix for Axis symmetriceleement is [ A ]
14 In Fluid Mechanics Problems the Unkonown is ____________________ [ B ]

15 LST element contains ______________ nodes [ D ]
[A] 1 [B] 2 [C] 3 [D] 6
[A] Zero [B] -1 [C] +1 [D] 2
17 Iso-Parametric Element is _____Element [ B ]
18 Axis-Symmetric element is______________Element [ B ]
[A] 1D [B] 2D [C] 3D [D] 4D
[A] 0.25-0.33 [B] 0.22-0.45 [C] 0.22-0.25 [D] 0.25-0.50
1 Heat transfer takes place between solid to liquid is known as____________ [ ]
2 QST element consist of _________ number of nodes [ ]
[A] 8 [B] 9 [C] 10 [D] 11
3 Based below condition which is a serendipity triangular element _______ [ ]
4 In below choose which is the correct condition for axisymmetric element [ ]
5 Nodal points greater than geometry points is known as__________ [ ]
6 Based on which parameter an polynomial function can be chosen________________ [ ]
7 Transformation axis is also known as _____________ [ ]
8 A six noded triangular element is known as [ ]
[ ]
10 FEM equation for Fluid mechanics Element [ ]
11 Stifness matrix for Axis symmetriceleement is [ ]
12 Stiffness mmatrix for 2D CST element [ ]
17
14 In Fluid Mechanics Problems the Unkonown is ____________________ [ ]

15 LST element contains ______________ nodes [ ]
[A] 1 [B] 2 [C] 3 [D] 6
16 Sum of all shape functions is equal to [ ]
[A] Zero [B] -1 [C] +1 [D] 2
17 Iso-Parametric Element is _____Element [ ]
18 Axis-Symmetric element is______________Element [ ]
[A] 1D [B] 2D [C] 3D [D] 4D
19 FEM also operates the parameters like [ ]
20 Range of poisson’s ratio for metals is [ ]
[A] 0.25-0.33 [B] 0.22-0.45 [C] 0.22-0.25 [D] 0.25-0.50
Stiffness mmatrix for 2D CST element [ ]

2 Jacobian matrix, [J]= [ ]

[A] 0.25-0.33 [B] 0.22-0.45 [C] 0.22-0.25 [D] 0.25-0.50
4 Heat transfer takes place due to ________________ [ ]
[A] 8 [B] 9 [C] 10 [D] 11
7 Iso-Parametric Element is _____Element
18
[A] 1 [B] 2 [C] 3 [D] 6
[A] Zero [B] -1 [C] +1 [D] 2
[A] 1D [B] 2D [C] 3D [D] 4D
[A] 1 [B] 2 [C] 3 [D] 6

[A] Zero [B] -1 [C] +1 [D] 2
5 Iso-Parametric Element is _____Element [ ]
[A] 1D [B] 2D [C] 3D [D] 4D
7 Jacobian matrix, [J]= [ ]
8 Stiffness mmatrix for 2D CST element [ ]


10 [ ]
Heat transfer takes place due to ________________
[A] 8 [B] 9 [C] 10 [D] 11
[A] 0.25-0.33 [B] 0.22-0.45 [C] 0.22-0.25 [D] 0.25-0.50
19
20
MLR INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
Dundigal, Hyderabad - 500 043
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
UNIT-I
1. The solution by FEM is [ B ]

(a) always exact (b) mostly approximate (c) sometimes exact (d) never exact
2. Primary variable in FEM structural analysis is [ A]
(a) displacement (b) force (c) stress (d) strain
3. The art of subdividing a structure into convenient number of smaller components is known
as [ C]
(a) global stiffness matrix (b) force vector (c) discretization (d) none
4. _______ is/are the phase/s of finite element method [ D]
(a) Preprocessing (b) Solution (c) Post Processing (d) a, b & c
5.The points in the entire structure are defined using coordinates system is known as [ C]
(a) local coordinates (b) natural coordinates (c) global coordinate system (d) none
6.Determinant of assembled stiffness matrix before applying boundary conditions is [ B]
(a) < 0 (b) = 0 (c) > 0 (d) depends on the problem
7. All the calculations are made at limited number of points known as [A]
A) Elements B) Nodes C) descritization D) mesh
8. Displacements and rotations at the end of a beam are accompanied by [C]
A) Forces B) moments C) Force reactions and bending moment D) shear stress
9. The minimum number of dimensions are required to define the position of a point in space
is: [C ]
a) one b) two c) three d) four
10. All the calculations are made at limited number of points known as [A]
11. Displacements and rotations at the end of a beam are accompanied by [C]
12. The finite element methods can be applied in ____________areas. [D]

a) Thermal b) soil and rock mechanics c) noise problems d) all
13. If the structure is more complex in order to simplify the model, we need to subdivide the
structure in to sub structures. These substructures are termed as [B]
a) elements b) modules c) links d ) models
14. Which of the following is not a method for calculation of stiffness matrix? [D]
A) Minimum potential energy principle B) Galerkin‟s principle
C) Weighted residual method D) Inverse matrix method
15.A small units having definite shape of geometry and nodes is called _Finite element.
16.Each kind of finite element has a specific structural shape and is inter- connected with the
adjacent element by Nodes
17. Ritz method or Ray-Leigh Ritz method is the variation method.
18.Aspect ratio is defined as the ratio of the largest dimension of the element to the smallest
dimension.
19.Shape functions are used to express the geometry or shape of the element.
20.Units for point load are N
UNIT-II
1. The element displacement vector q represented by [ A ]

T T T
A) q = [ q1, q2] B) q = [ q1, q2] C) q = [ q1x q2] D) q = [ q1/q2]
2.All the calculations are made at limited number of points known as [ A ]

3.When thin plate is subjected to loading in its own plane only, the condition is called [ A ]
A) plane stress B) Plane strain C) zero stress D) zero strain
4.Which of the following is not a method for calculation of stiffness matrix? [ D ]
A) Minimum potential energy principle B) Galerkin‟s principle
C) Weighted residual method D) Inverse matrix method
5.Sum of shape functions = [ A ]
A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 0
6.Domain is divided into some segment is called [ A ]
A) Element B) node C) segment D) points
7.In one dimentional, the stress and strain relation is given by [ A ]
A) σ = Ε ∈ B) σ = Ε /∈ C) σ = ∈/ Ε D) σ = Ε - ∈
8.The art of subdividing a structure into convenient number of smaller components is known as
[ C ]
9. _______ is/are the phase/s of finite element method [D]
(a) Preprocessing (b) Solution (c) Post Processing (d) a, b & c
10.The characteristics of the shape functions is/are [C]
(a) the shape function has unit value at one nodal point and zero value at the other nodes
(b) the sum of the shape function is equal to one
(c) a & b (d) none
11.The points in the entire structure are defined using coordinates system is known as [C]
12. The finite element methods can be applied in ____________areas. [D]
a) Thermal b) soil and rock mechanics c) noise problems d) all
13. If the structure is more complex in order to simplify the model, we need to subdivide the
structure in to sub structures. These substructures are termed as [B]
a) elements b) modules c) links d ) models
14.Band width of global stiffness matrix depends on D.O.F and system
15.In order of geometric shape function is equal to the order of displacement Shape function is
called Isoperimetric
16.The unknown displacement field within an element will be interpolated by a Polynomial
17.If the band width is_Less _computational effort required is less.
18.Linear shape function values lie between _0 & _______1____
1 −1
19.Selection of approximation functions is difficult in Complex
20. The boundary condition which in terms of the field variables is known as Primary boundary
condition
UNIT-III
1.A plane truss element has a stiffness matrix of order [ b]

(a) 2 x 2 (b) 4 x 4 (c) 6 x 6 (d) 1 x 1
2. The Pin joints are used to join the truss members.
3.How many nodes in 3-D brick element [ D ]
A) 3 B) 5 C) 6 D) 8
4. The minimum number of dimensions are required to define the position of a point in space is:
[C ]
a) one b) two c) three d) four
5. The quadratic shape function (N1) at node ‘1’ of the three nodded linear one dimensional element
is
[ A ]
a) -1/2ξ(1- ξ) b) (1- ξ )/2 c) (1+ ξ) / 2 d) (1+ ξ)(1- ξ)
Where ξ is natural coordinate
6.The Conceptualization and development of scientific and technological models need a
_____________ both by the creator and the user. [D]
a) Greater degree of abstraction b) precision c) profound utility of physical tools
d)greater degree of abstraction, precision and profound utility of physical and mathematical tools.
7.Geometrical coordinate systems comprise of locating points in a given space by means of
numerical quantities termed as: [B]
a) frames b) coordinates c) elements d) local axes
8. The coordinate system limited to the sub-domains is [C]
a) local b) global c) continuum d) discrete global
9. If the natural coordinate (ξ) is 10mm, the nodal displacements q1 and q2 are 0.075 mm and
- 0.125mm,respectively. Then the linear displacement field (u) is [A]
a) 1.025mm b) 10.25 mm c) 2.35mm d) 23.5 mm
10.The total strain energy (U) for the general elastic body is [ B ]
T T
a) (½) ∫v σ ε dv b) (½) ∫v σ ε ds c) (½) ∫v σ ε dx d) (½) ∫v σ ε dx
11.The force acting on the two nodded truss element making an angle ‘θ’ with horizontal plane can be
calculated by using the relation (F12) is [ C ]
T T
a) AE/l [ C,S,C,S][u1,v1,u2,v2] b) AE/l [ C,S,-C,-S][u1,v1,u2,v2]
T
c) AE/l [ C+S-C+S][u1,v1,u2,v2] d) AE/l [ C+S-C+S][u1,v1,u2,v2]
12. The applications of Finite Element Method in two dimensional analyses are: [ C ]
a) stretching of plates b) gravity of dams c) axi-symmetric shells d) all
13.Determinant of assembled stiffness matrix before applying boundary conditions is [B]
14.Sum of shape functions = [A]
A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 0
15.Domain is divided into some segment is called [A]
16.The rows of pascals triangle for the generation of the ____family of the triangular elements.[A ]
a) Lagrange b) Hermite c) polynomial d) cubic polynomial
17.Element stress can be calculated by using the relation σ = EBq, where „B‟ is element strain
displacement matrix‟ that is equal to [1/(X2-X1)] [-1,1]
18.If the body is in a state of equilibrium then the energy is minimum, This is the statement of
PRINCIPLE OF MINIMUM POTENTIAL ENERGY
19.The boundary condition which in terms of the field variables is known as PRIMARY
BOUNDARY CONDITION
20.The number of independent parameters that are essential for characterizing the system are
termed as DEGREES OF FREEDOM
UNIT-IV
1. The characteristics of the shape functions is/are [ c]

(a) the shape function has unit value at one nodal point and zero value at the other nodes
(b)the sum of the shape function is equal to one
(c) a & b (d) none
2.Displacements and rotations at the end of a beam are accompanied by [ C ]
3. Each node of a 1-D beam element has _______degrees of freedom [ b]

(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4
4.The 1-D beam element should have ______ continuity [ c]
3 2 1 0
(a) C (b) C (c) C (d) C
5.When the functions and its derivatives are interpolated, the resulting interpolation functions are
known as [ D ]
a) Lagrange interpolation function b) Hermite family of interpolation functions
c) Hermite and Lagrange interpolation functions d) none
6.One of the following is property of the stiffness matrix (K) [ A ]
a) K is banded matrix b) K is un-symmetric
c)the dimension of global K is (N X N + 1) where N is number of nodes
d)K is un-banded matrix
7.Beam finite elements are [ D]
A)Related not directly to matrix analysis of structures
B)Different from finite elements with do not respect to the order of the governing differential
equations
C)Used with fourth order ordinary partial differential equations
D)Related directly to matrix analysis
8. The element displacement vector q represented by [A]
A) q = [ q1, q2]T B) q = [ q1, q2] C) q = [ q1x q2]T D) q = [ q1/q2]T
9. The coordinate system has a unique origin and span the entire domain is [B]
a) local b) global c) continuum d) discrete global
10.Units for point load are N
11.Basic 2-D element (triangular) has 3 no. of nodes.
12.The Strain- Displacement matrix of 1-D bar element is given by [B] =
1
[B] = l [− 1 1]
13. The Transverse displacement and rotation at each end of the beam element are treated as the
unknown degrees of freedom.
14.The size of stiffness matrix for 1-D, beam element with 2-nodes and 2-DOF is 4 x 4
15. The element stiffness matrix for 1-D beam element is given by [K] =
12 6l −12 6l
[K ] = EI 6l 4l 2 −6l 2l 2
l
3
−12 −6l 12 −6l
6l 2l 2 −6l 4l 2
16. The force necessary to create unit displacement. This is the property of spring termed as
STIFFNESS
17. Non-dimensional coordinates such as three independent volumes in a tetrahedral domain termed
as VOLUME coordinates.
18.ASPECT RATIO is defined as the ratio of the largest dimension of the element to the smallest
dimension.
19. The unknown displacement field within an element will be interpolated by a POLYNOMIAL
20. In order of geometric shape function is equal to the order of displacement Shape function is
called ISOPARAMETRIC
UNIT-V
1.The iso-parametric method is possible to use identical set of interpolation functions for
approximating [ D ]
a) geometry b) field c) geometry or field d) both the geometry and the field.
2.Triangles with straight edges for specifying quadratic fields: this is the category of [ B ]
a) Iso-parametric b) sub-parametric c) super-parametric d) none
3.One of the following is not the crack deformation modes [ C ]
a) Opening b) sliding c) bending d) tearing
4.Gaussian points are used for [A ]
a) Numerical integration b) displacement calculation
c) Stress calculation d) strain calculation
5.The process of reducing number of mid-side or internal noses before assembling element stiffness
matrices is called [ D ]
a) Gauss reduction b) Jacobin reduction c) Choleski reduction d) Static condensation
6.Actual thickness of plane strain element is [ A ]
a) Very large b) any specified value c) assumed by software d) assumed by designer
7.In 2-D the equation of element stiffness matrix is ____________ [D ]
e T e e e T
a) k = t A B D b) k = t A BDB c) k = 2t A BDB d) k = t A B DB
8.The FEA of plane stress and plane strain problems is identical except _________ [B ]
a) [B] matrix b) [D] matrix c) [U] matrix d) [F] matrix
9.When there are less geometric nodes than shape function nodes then the element is called [ A ]
a) sub parametric b) super parametric c ) iso parametric d) a,b,&c
10.The use of same shape functions for both Cartesian coordinate system and natural coordinate
system is known as ____________ [A ]
a) Isoparametric representation b) Numerical integration c) a&b d) None
11.Actual thickness of plane strain element is [ A]
a) Very large b) any specified value c) assumed by software d) assumed by designer
12.The shape function for a four node element is [A ]
a) N = c(1 −ξ)(1 −η)
b) N = c(1 −ξ)
c) N = c(1 −η)
d) d) none
13.The order of B Matrix for a CST is 3x6
14.If lower order function is used to represent displacement and a higher order function is used to
represent geometry it is called Super- parametric
T
15. The triangular element stiffness metrics for axi-symmetric body is 2πrAe B DB
16.Jacobian is a partial derivative of global coordinates with respect to natural coordinates.
17.Three node triangular element can be also called as Constant strain Triangle (CST)
18. A thin plate with in plane loading is example of Plane stress problem
19.“Skyline method of assembly” this is the technique for Storage the matrix with min. space
20. The shape functions of a 2 – D element in terms of area co-ordinates is N1=A1/A, N2=A2/A,
N3=A3/A
UNIT-VI
1.The triangular element stiffness metrics for axi-symmetric body is [A]

T T
a) 2 π r¯ A B¯ D B b) 2 π r¯ A D B c) 2 π r¯ B¯ D B d) 2 π r¯ A B
2.If r1, r2, r3 are radial distance of node 1, 2, 3 respectively of the triangular element of [C]
Axi-symmetric body: then the radius of centroid r¯ is:
a) (r1 + r2) / 2 b) r1/2 c) (r1 + r2 + r3) /3 d) r3 / 3
3.Refines the element size based on solution gradients is called [C]
a) Mesh refinement method b) h-method
c) Mesh refinement method or h- method d) r method
4.If r1, r2, r3 are radial distances of node 1, 2, 3 respectively of the triangular element of Axi-
symmetric body: then the radius of centroid r is: [C ]
a) (r1 + r2)/2 b) (r1)/2 c) (r1 + r2 + r3)/3 d) (r3) / 3
5.What is the traction force of a 2D body? [B]

a) Force per unit areab) force per unit length c) force per unit volume d) all of these
6.For an Axisymmetric triangular element what is the size of the Jacobian Matrix [B]
a) 4 x 4 b) 2 x 2 c) 2 x 4 d) 4 x 2
7.Axisymmetric solids subjected to axisymmetric loading, the stress-strain relations are [A]
a) σ = D ∈ b) σ = D /∈ c) σ = ∈/ D d) σ = D - ∈
8.The stiffness matrix for a triangular element in a two dimensional problem is often derived Using
[A]
a) area coordinates b) Surface coordinates c) volume coordinates d) mass coordinates
9.A constant term in the displacement function ensures [C]
a) Constant mode b) zero stress c) rigid body mode d) zero deformation
10.Number of shape functions the quadrilateral plane stress elements are [B]
a) 8 b) 4 c) 3 d) 2
11.A 3 noded simply supported beam gives __________ number of frequencies [A]
a) 3 b) 7 c) 4 d) 5
12.A linear term in the displacement function ensures [D]
a) rigid body mode b) zero deformation c)zero stress d) constant mode
13.If lower order function is used to represent displacement and a higher order function is used to
represent geometry it is called Super- parametric
2
14.The interpolation function of displacement for 1-D beam element at node one is [(1 – ξ ) ( 2 + ξ
3
)] / 4 or (2–3ξ+ξ )/4
15.The number of node along the side of a 2-D or 3- D element decide the Order of displacement
polynomial
16.(Max. node number difference for any one element + 1) X number of DOF per node is _Half
band width (b)
17.The size of stress- strain matrix for axi-symmetric element is 3 x 3
18.The analysis of long cylinders such as tunnel, culvert or buried pipe is example of _ Plain strain
problem
19. In axi-symmetric problem geometry and loading is independent of Angle of rotation „θ‟
20.Most FEM software use Displacement method Method
UNIT-VII
1.The governing equation for convection process is [D]

a) q = h A Ts b) q = h A[ Th - Ts] c) q = h A Th d) q = h A [ Ts - Th ]
2.Number of DOF per node in a triangular thermal element is [C ]
a) 4 b) 1 c) 3 d) 2
3. The governing equation for convection process is [D]
4. Conductance matrix is the equivalent of stiffness matrix in _____ analysis [C]

a) dynamic b) fluid flow c)thermal d) static structural
5. Number of DOF per node in a triangular thermal element is _________ [C]
a) 4 b) 1 c) 3 d) 2
6.Conductance matrix is the equivalent of stiffness matrix in _____ analysis [C]
a) dynamic b) fluid flow c)thermal d) static structural
7.Conductance matrix is the equivalent of stiffness matrix in THERMAL analysis.
8.In a 1D steady state heat transfer problem, the shape function matrix is N= [N1,N2]
9.Thermal conductivity Kx=Ky=Kz in case of ISOTROPIC material.
10.A fin is an external surface which is added on to a surface to increase the RATE OF HEAT
TRANSFER
11.Only [ D ] matrix is different in case of plane strain and plane stress.
12. Heat transfer occurs when there is a temperature difference within a body or between a body
and its surrounding medium.
13.When fewer nodes are used to define the geometry than are used to define the shape function,
the element is termed as Sub-parametric
2
14.Units for convection heat transfer coefficient is w/m K
15.The consistent mass matrix size for beam element is 4x4
16.In a 1D steady state heat transfer problem, the shape function matrix is N=[ N1,N2]
17.The consistent mass matrix size for bar element is 2x2
18.Thermal conductivity Kx=Ky=Kz in case of Isotropic material.
19.The shape functions of a 2 – D element in terms of area co-ordinates is N1=A1/A, N2=A2/A,
N3=A3/A
20.A fin is an external surface which is added on to a surface to increase the Rate of heat transfer
UNIT-VIII
1.Deformed shape in ANSYS is drawn with [C]

a) Actual nodded displacements b) Normalized nodded displacements
c) Magnified nodded displacements d) Reduced nodded displacement
2. The Eigen vector is to be non- trivial, the required condition is [ C]
a) (k −λM )U = 0 b) (k −λM )= 0 c) det(k −λM )= 0 d) det(k −λM )U = 0
3.The equation of Langrangean in dynamic analysis [ A]
a) L = T −π b) L = T +π c) L =T /π d) none
4. A 3 noded simply supported beam gives _______ number of frequencies [A]
a) 3 b) 7 c) 4 d) 5
5.The points in the entire structure are defined using coordinates system is known as [ C]
6.Determinant of assembled stiffness matrix before applying boundary conditions is [ B]
7.In one dimentional, the stress and strain relation is given by [ A ]
A) σ = Ε ∈ B) σ = Ε /∈ C) σ = ∈/ Ε D) σ = Ε - ∈
8.The art of subdividing a structure into convenient number of smaller components is known as
[ C ]
9.Sum of shape functions = [A]
A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 0
10.Domain is divided into some segment is called [A]
11. Principal modes of vibration of a multi-dof system are ORTHOGONAL
12.Most FEM software use DISPLACEMENT Method
13.Natural frequencies obtained with lumped mass matrix are LOWER than those obtained with
consistent mass matrix when the mode shapes are practically same.
14.The consistent mass matrix size for bar element is 2X2
15.The consistent mass matrix size for beam element is 4X4
16.Many general purpose software such as, ANSYS, NISA, NASTRAN, ASKA, etc are used to do
the analysis of mechanical, civil and aircraft structures based on FEM. The data to be input to tress
software generally is SAME
17.The boundary condition which in terms of the field variables is known as PRIMARY
BOUNDARY CONDITION
18.The number of independent parameters that are essential for characterizing the system are
termed as DEGREES OF FREEDOM
19.The units of stresses in most Fem software are given by UNITS BASED ON INPUT DATA
20.Conductance matrix is the equivalent of stiffness matrix in Thermal analysis.
Unit -5
1.The steady state problems are those which are independent of Temperature
2. For 1D heat conduction element ,temperature function ,T = N1 T1+N2T2
3.Each node in heat transfer problem has 4 degree of freedom
4.heat transfer take place due to temperature gradient
5.the name of field variable in thermal analysis is
6. temperature and heat flux in thermal problems are scalar filed variable and
vector field variable respectively
7.Dirichlet boundary condition refers to specified Temperature
8.Neumann boundary condition refers to specified heat flux due to convection
9.What is the ratio of cross sectional area to the perimeter of a fins with circular c/s= 2/r (r is the
raidus of fin)
10.calculate the temperature at the natural co-ordinates(zi)=0.4 if nodal temperatures are given as
T1=50 and T2=30; (use T=N1 T1 +N2 T2) is 36
11.For the plane wall show below, the types of boundary conditions on left side of wall
____________ and right side of the wall _________________ respectively
13.primary variable in thermal problem is Temperature

14. secondary variable in thermal problem is Heat Flux
15.stiffness matrix of fins problem comprises
16.Pre-processing in ANSYS software means providing inpu0t data

17.solution phase in ANSYS software means processing output data
18.post processing phase in ANSYS software means Getting solution
23.ANSYS mechanical APDL is used for Structural or thermal problems
24.which of the following is not an FEA package AUTO CAD
25.In FEA software.the large amount of mathematical works is done in Pre-processing
26.in FEA, The use of smaller sized elements will leads to accurate
27.element library in any software consists of 1D,2D,&3D Elements
28.Meshing process in analysis package means Dividing into elements and nodes
29.Loads will be applied in Elements

30.boundary condition will be applied on Elements and nodes
Unit -4
1. The shape function of the beam element are known as Hermite shape function
2. The higher order elements are also known as Linear Element
3. At fixed support the displacements are equal to zero
4. If any element is specified by the polynomial of the oder of two or more, the element is
known as Higher Order Element
5. The value of weights and gauss locations is gauss 2 point formula are follows
6. In fem the complex domain defining a continuum is divided into Elements
7. Units of traction force is N

8. The process of sub dividing a beam structure into a convenient number of smaller
compoments is known as discretization
9. A small unit having definite shape of geometry and nide is known as Finite Element
10. The state of stress for a three dimensional body as six component
11. The determinant of an element stiffness matrix is always zero
12. The number of shape functions will be equal to the number of element of structure
13. Degree of freedom of quadrilateral element for structural problems are
DOF= 4*2=8 (Structural problems) DOF =4*1=4(thermal problems)
14. Find the value of shape functions N3 for the noded quadrilateral element as zeta=-0.5 and
eta= +0.4 N3=1.1
15. Calculate the flexural rigidity of beam with E=80GPA and I=10mm^4 is EI=800KN-
MM^2
16. Which type of numerical integration method is used to calculate the definite integrals
NUMERICAL INTEGRATION
17. The degree of freedom at node in beam model shown below are DEFLECTION and
DEFLECTION respectively
18. The product of E*I is known as FLEXURAL RIGIDITY
UNIT-3
1. What is element def of constant strain triangle element 6

2. How many stress components are these for two dimensional body 3
3. Name of two dof each triangular element one dimensional along x&y
4. For constant strain triangle element the shape function N1+N2+N3=1
5. How many terms will be there ina approximation of field variable with cubic polynomial
according to pascais triangle 6
6. The truss element can resist only axial force
7. The formulae to find the no of displacement for truss having 3 nodes is No.of
nodes*2
8. which therom is applied to derive the stiffness matrix from the expressions of strain energy
is strain energy therom
9. The B corresponding can be described as strain displacement matrix
10. for the fig given below to find the solution using Axial -symmertric condition
11. for the equation k*u=F , the vector f consist of Terms attribute to the presence of external
concentrated as well as distributed load
12. the area of triangle element can be evaluated from I j I is =0.5-I j I
13. A three nodal triangular element is called as linear strain triangular element
14. Hinged support is having 2 no of reaction force
15. In case of truss number is there are 3 noded and each node 2 dof, the the oder of stifness
matrix 6*6
16. In the local coordinate system of nodes of structure the specified by the origin
17. The truss element can be deformed only in axial direction
18. the dimension of the global stifness matrix for the following trusses 8*8
19. Example of the dimensional element is truss element
20. Find the area of a 3 nodal triangular element with the co-ordintes 1.(2,5), 2.(5,8), 3.(3,12)
using jacobian approach is 9 units
21. I j I in Terms of area is 2*Area of the element
22. Find the co-ordinate of a point p(X,Y) within a triangular element with co-ordinates 1.(2,5),
2.(5,8), 3.(3,12) corresponding natural coordinates below X=3.3 &Y= 8.7
23. Determine the direction cosines (l and m) of the truss member shown below (x2-x1) to unit
(y2-y1) = 12 units is 0.64;0.77
24. In find the strain in a 20 case for the following displacement field (EX=20;EY=6;Rxy=20)
25. Self weight of an element is categrized as Traction Load
26. Strain energy in a element is used to derive element stiffness matrix
27. For a triangular element the strain displacement is calculated of B matrix is B matrix is
correct
28. A Truss element when it is viewed along the length of the element it can be treated as
element Bar element
29. Determine the global dof of the truss system shown below 16
30. Analyze the boundary condition at node 1 and node 5 for truss system shown below
q1=0,q2=0&q9=q10=0

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5/21/2020 FEM assignment test - 3

FEM assignment test - 3

Loca DoF and Global DoF of a truss member respectively: * 1 point

stresses and one_______ stress *

three, two shear stress, one normal stress

coordinate systems is: *

Local coordinate system

Global coordinate system

Natural coordinate system

The values of direction cosines of a horizontal truss member are 1 point

A loaded Truss member will be in _____ * 1 point

Plane stress conditions

Plane strain conditions

all of the above

why a 3D problem is reduced to a 2D problem * 1 point

Reduce no. of unknowns

Increase the no. of unknowns

Triangular element is used to discretize _________ problems * 1 point

None of the above

The no. of unknowns in a 2D structural problem are: * 1 point

two displacements along x and y

one displacement and one slope

two vertical deflections

velocity and pressure

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FEM assignment test -2

mm and length of the element =150 mm *

The strain energy stored in a bar element is given by * 1 point

shape functions are also known as ______ * 1 point

select your registered no. *

N1= 0.325 and N2=0.675

N1= 0.675 and N2= 0.325

Nodal solution is ______variable * 1 point

none of the above

Elimination approach is used for * 1 point

applying boundary conditions

deriving element equations

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FEM assignment test -4

area= 11.875 sq. units; jacobian= 23.75

x=8.7 and y=3.3

x=3.3 and y=8.7

x=3.3 and y=3.3

x=8.7 and y=8.7

2(5,8); 3(3,12) using the Jacobian approach *

For a triangular element, the strain displacement is calculated as shown 1 point

Write the shape functions in area coordinates of a 3 noded triangular 1 point

Self-weight of an element is categorized as * 1 point

Strain energy in an element is used to derive * 1 point

element body load vector

element traction load vector

element stiffness matrix

IJI in terms of area is = * 1 point

2 X Area of the element

3 X Area of the element

Equal to Area of the element

Select your regd. no.

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FEM Lab Internal Examination

and bending moment are: _ and respectively *

side of wall: _ and right side of the wall____ respectively *