Total Volume (V) 100 M V V (N) Volume of Water 100 (0.48) Volume of Water 48 M

TEJADA, Denver John M.
July 21, 2020

CE 141 -2/A1 Prof. Adriano
HOMEWORK 4
1. How many cubic meters of water are contained in a 100-m 3 volume of saturated clay having a
porosity of 0.48?
( n ) =porosity=0.48
Total Volume ( V ) =100 m3
V w =V (n)
Volume of water =100 ( 0.48 )
Volume of water =48 m 3
2. In a laboratory test, a one cubic foot sample of an aquifer was found to weight 85 lb. After being
allowed to drain thoroughly, the sample weighed 73 lb. After being crushed and thoroughly dried,
the sample weighed 51 lb. If the sample was saturated initially, calculate the indicated specific
yield, porosity, specific retention, and specific gravity of the solids.
V water =w water +soil −w soil 1000 kg lb

V water = 3
=62.428 3
1m ft
V water =85 lb−51 lb=34 lb
34
V water = =0.54463 ft 3
62.428
85−73
V water drained= =0.19222 ft 3
62.428
73−51
V water held against gravity = =0.35241 ft 3
62.428
V solids =1−0.54493=0.45537 ft 3
0.19222
SpecificYield= =0.19222
1
0.35241
Specific Saturation= =0.35241
1
0.19222+0.35241
Porosity= =0.54463
1
51
SpecificGravity= =1.794
0.45537(62.428)
3. Estimate the number of acre-feet of water that could theoretically be withdrawn from a saturated
sandstone aquifer with an average surface area of 1500 sq. mi. and an average depth of 4500 ft.
Ave . Surface Area=1500mi 2
2.78784 x 107 ft 2
1500 m2 ( mi2 )
=4.18176 x 1010 ft 2
Ave . Depth=4500 ft
Volume=( 4.18176 x 1010 ft 2 ) ( 4500 ft )=1.881792 x 1014 ft 3

Conversion to acre-feet:
1.881792 x 1014 ft 3 9
Volume= =4.3201 x 10 acre−feet
43559.935
4. If a spill of radioactive material occurred over an aquifer, estimate the length of time required for
the material to reach a river 2 mi away if the aquifer is: (NOTE: 2 miles = 10560 ft. Groundwater
elevation at the spill site is 100 ft above the water surface in the river.)
A.) GRAVEL
n=35 %
k =10−1 cm/sec
100
i= =9.46969697 x 10−3
10560
( 10−1 )( 9.46969697 x 10−3 )

Discharge Velocity= =2.70563 x 10−3 cm/sec
0.35
To cover 2 miles:
10560 ( 30.48 ) 1
t= x =1376.88 days
2.70563 x 10−3
( 24 )( 60 )( 60 )
B.) CLAY
n=47 %
k =10−7.5 cm/ sec

100
i= =9.46969697 x 10−3
10560
( 10−7.5 ) ( 9.46969697 x 10−3 )
0.47
To cover 2 miles:
10560 ( 30.48 ) 1
t= x =16022604.45 years
6.371449 x 10 −10
3.154 x 10 7
C.) SANDSTONE
n=17 %
k =10− 4 cm/sec
100
i= =9.46969697 x 10−3
10560
( 10−4 ) ( 9.46969697 x 10−3 )

0.17
To cover 2 miles:
10560 ( 30.48 ) 1
t= x =1832.38 years
5.57041 x 10 −6
3.154 x 10 7
D.) GRANITE
n=1 %
k =10−8 cm/sec
100
i= =9.46969697 x 10−3
10560
( 10−8 ) ( 9.46969697 x 10−3 )

Discharge Velocity= =9.469697 x 10−9 cm/ sec
0.01
To cover 2 miles:
10560 ( 30.48 ) 1
t= x =1077875 years
9.469697 x 10 −9
3.154 x 107
5. Make the same estimate as requested in Problem 4, but assume the aquifer is badly fractured
basalt.
dh
v=−K
dL
m −100
(
v= −1000
day
×)(
10560 )
m
v=9.47
day
t=339.89 days
6. A permeameter (similar to the one shown in Fig. 3-3, page 109) was used to test three different
materials. The horizontal tube of permeameter is 5ft long with an inside diameter of 4 in. The
head measurements were 185 in, 77 in., and 39 in, for h 1, and 34 in., 35 in., and 36 in. for h 2 for
the three materials, respectively. What was the indicated hydraulic conductivity for each sample
if the flow rate was 0.227 gal/hr for each test?
 Permeameter length= 5ft = 60 inches
 Diameter of Permeameter = 4 in.
 Area = 4 π inch
For easy visualization,
Material 1 2 3
H1 185 inches 77 inches 39 inches
H2 34 inches 35 inches 36 inches
For MATERIAL 1,
Q=K 1 ( ΔhL ) A
0.227 ( 277.419 )=K 1 ( 185−34
60 )
4π
K 1=1. 9913 inch/hr

For MATERIAL 2,
Q=K 2 ( ΔhL ) A
0.227 ( 277.419 )=K 2 ( 77−35
60 )
4π
K 2=7.1590 inch/hr
For MATERIAL 3,
Q=K 3 ( ΔhL ) A
0.227 ( 277.419 )=K 3 ( 39−36
60 )
4π
K 3=100.2264 inch /hr

7. The indicated hydraulic conductivity for a material tested in the permeameter of prob. 6 is 10
ft/day for a gradient of 0.005. If the porosity of the material is 0.30, what is the average velocity
of flow within the voids of the sample?
−K ∆ h
V= ( )
N ∆L
−10 ft /day
V= ( 0.30 )
0.30
V =0.1666 ft /da y

Total Volume (V) 100 M V V (N) Volume of Water 100 (0.48) Volume of Water 48 M

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TEJADA, Denver John M.

July 21, 2020

V water =w water +soil −w soil 1000 kg lb

Ave . Surface Area=1500mi 2

Volume=( 4.18176 x 1010 ft 2 ) ( 4500 ft )=1.881792 x 1014 ft 3

( 10−1 )( 9.46969697 x 10−3 )

k =10−7.5 cm/ sec

( 10−4 ) ( 9.46969697 x 10−3 )

( 10−8 ) ( 9.46969697 x 10−3 )

For easy visualization,

K 1=1. 9913 inch/hr

K 3=100.2264 inch /hr

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