Tutorial 06 Solutions - 2023

Tutorial 06 Solutions _ May/June 2023
Section A
1. Which one of the following statements concerning the buoyant force on an object
submerged in a liquid is true?
A) The buoyant force depends on the mass of the object.

B) The buoyant force depends on the weight of the object.
C) The buoyant force is independent of the density of the liquid.
D) The buoyant force depends on the volume of the liquid displaced.
E) The buoyant force will increase with depth if the liquid is incompressible.
2. According to Pascal’s principle, which of the following statement is true?
A) If an internal pressure is applied to a confined fluid, the pressure at every point

within the fluid does not change.
B) If an external pressure is applied to a confined fluid, the pressure at every point

within the fluid does not change.
C) If an internal pressure is applied to a confined fluid, the pressure at every point

within the fluid decreases by that amount.
D) If an external pressure is applied to a confined fluid, the pressure at every point

within the fluid increases by that amount.
3. Which one of the following statements concerning a completely enclosed fluid is true?
A) Any change in the applied pressure of the fluid produces a change in pressure that
depends on direction.
B) The pressure at all points within the fluid is independent of any pressure applied to
it.
C) Any change in applied pressure produces an equal change in pressure at all points
within the fluid.
D) An increase in pressure in one part of the fluid results in an equal decrease in

pressure in another part.
4. Which one of the following statements concerning streamline flow is true?
A) At any given point in the fluid, the velocity is constant in time.

B) Streamline flow occurs when there are sharp obstacles in the path of a fast-moving
fluid.
C) Streamline flow is described by Pascal's principle.
D) Streamline flow is described by Archimedes’ principle.
E) The velocity vectors are the same for all particles in the fluid.
5. Complete the following statement: Bernoulli's principle is a statement of
A) hydrostatic equilibrium.
B) thermal equilibrium in fluids.
C) mechanical equilibrium in fluids.
D) energy conservation in dynamic fluids.
E) momentum conservation in dynamic fluids.

Section B
1. What is the volume in mL of 55 g of a liquid with density 1100 kg/m3?

𝑚𝑚
ρ=
𝑉𝑉
𝑚𝑚 0.055 kg 106
V= = � � = 50 mL
𝜌𝜌 1100 kg/m3 m3
2. One of the concrete pillars that support a house is 2.2 m tall and has a radius of 0.50
m. The density of concrete is about 2.2x103 kg/m3. Find the weight of this pillar.𝑾𝑾 =
𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 = (𝜌𝜌𝜌𝜌)𝑔𝑔
𝑉𝑉 = ℎ𝜋𝜋𝑟𝑟 2
𝑊𝑊 = (𝜌𝜌𝜌𝜌)𝑔𝑔 = [𝜌𝜌(ℎ𝜋𝜋𝑟𝑟 2 )]𝑔𝑔 = (2.2 × 103 kg/m3 )(2.2 m)𝜋𝜋(0.50 m)2 (9.80 m/s2 )
= 3.7 × 104 N
3. A rectangular block with dimensions 50 cm x 40 cm x 30 cm has a mass of 90 kg.

Calculate the minimum pressure that the block can exert on the ground when resting
on one of its faces.
Biggest area will give the maximum pressure A = 0.5 m x 0.4 m = 0.2 m2
𝐹𝐹 90 kg x 9.8 m/s2
𝑃𝑃 = = 4 400 Pa
𝐴𝐴 0.2 m2
4. The deepest point in the ocean is 11 km below sea level, deeper than Mt. Everest is tall.
What is the pressure in atmospheres at this depth? The density of sea water is 1030
kg/m3.
The pressure below the sea level can be found from the following equation: P2 = P1 + ρgh,
P2 = P1 + ρgh,
= 1.013 x 105 Pa + (1030 kg/m3)(9.81 m/s2)(1.1 x 104 m)

= 1.013 x 105 Pa + 1.1103 x 108 Pa
= 1.1113 x 108 Pa
= 1.1 x 103 atm
5. The main water line enters a house on the first floor. The line has a gauge pressure of
1.9x105 Pa. How high could a faucet be before no water would flow from it, even if the
faucet were open?
P2 − P1 1.90 × 10 5 Pa − 0
h= = = 19.4 m
ρg (1.00 × 10 3 kg / m 3 )(9.80 m / s 2 )
6. In the process of changing a flat tire, a motorist uses a hydraulic jack. She begins by
applying a force of 45 N to the input piston, which has a radius r1. As a result, the output
plunger, which has a radius r2, applies a force to the car. The ratio r2/r1 has a value of
8.3. Ignore the height difference between the input piston and output plunger and
determine the force that the output plunger applies to the car.
𝐹𝐹2 𝐴𝐴2
=
𝐹𝐹1 𝐴𝐴1
𝐴𝐴1 = 𝜋𝜋𝑟𝑟12 and 𝐴𝐴2 = 𝜋𝜋𝑟𝑟22
𝐹𝐹2 𝜋𝜋𝑟𝑟22 𝑟𝑟2 2
= or 𝐹𝐹2 = 𝐹𝐹1 � � = (45 N)(8.3)2 = 3100 N
𝐹𝐹1 𝜋𝜋𝑟𝑟12 𝑟𝑟1
7. The hydraulic oil in a car lift has a density of 8.30 x 102 kg/m3. The weight of the input
is negligible. The radii of the input piston and output plunger are 7.70 x 10-3 m and 0.125
m, respectively. What input force F is needed to support the 24 500 N combined weight
of a car and the output plunger, when
(a) the bottom surfaces of the piston and plunger are at the same level, and
𝐴𝐴2 𝜋𝜋(7.70 × 10−3 𝑚𝑚)2

𝐹𝐹2 = 𝐹𝐹1 � � = (24 500 N) � � = 93.0 N
𝐴𝐴1 𝜋𝜋(0.125 m)2
(b) the bottom surface of the output plunger is 1.30 m above that of the input piston?
The pressure P2 at the input piston is related to the pressure P1 at the bottom of the
output plunger by P2 = P1 + ρgh, where h is the difference in heights. Setting𝑃𝑃2 =
𝐹𝐹2 /𝐴𝐴2 = 𝐹𝐹2 /(𝜋𝜋𝑟𝑟22 ), 𝑃𝑃1 = 𝐹𝐹1 /(𝜋𝜋𝑟𝑟12 ), and solving for F2, we have
𝜋𝜋𝑟𝑟22
𝐹𝐹2 = 𝐹𝐹1 � 2 � + 𝜌𝜌𝜌𝜌ℎ(𝜋𝜋𝑟𝑟22 )
𝜋𝜋𝑟𝑟1
𝜋𝜋(7.70 × 10−3 𝑚𝑚)2

= (24 500 N) � �
𝜋𝜋(0.125 m)2
+(8.30 × 102 kg/m3 )(9.80 m/s2 )(1.30 m)𝜋𝜋(7.70 × 10−3 𝑚𝑚)2

= 94.9 N
8. Use Archimedes’ principle to determine what percentage of a floating chunk of ice (eg.
an iceberg floating in the sea) projects above the level of the water. Assume the density
of the ice is 917 kg/m3 and the density for sea water is 1 030 kg/m3. Hint: An iceberg
float!
𝑊𝑊𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 = 𝐹𝐹𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴ℎ𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖
(𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚)𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 = (𝜌𝜌𝜌𝜌𝜌𝜌)𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓
(𝜌𝜌𝜌𝜌)𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 = (𝜌𝜌𝜌𝜌)𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓
917 x 𝑉𝑉𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 = 1030 x 𝑉𝑉𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓
𝑉𝑉𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢 𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤 917
= x 100% = 89 %
𝑉𝑉𝑖𝑖𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 1030
9. How far must a 2.0 cm diameter piston be pushed down into one cylinder of a hydraulic
lift to raise an 8.0 cm diameter piston by 20 cm? The density of oil is 900 kg/m3.
Because the liquid is incompressible, the volume displaced in the left cylinder of hydraulic
lift is equal to the volume displaced in the right cylinder.
A1v1 = A2v2
(𝜋𝜋𝑟𝑟12 )d1 = (𝜋𝜋𝑟𝑟22 )d2
𝑟𝑟 2 0.040 m 2
d1 = � 2 � d2 = � � (0.20 m) = 3.2 m
𝑟𝑟1 0.010 m
10. A 15 cm radius air duct is used to replenish the air of a room 800cm x 520cm x 350cm
every 12 min. How fast does the air flow in the duct?
𝑉𝑉
𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 =
𝑡𝑡
𝑉𝑉 8 × 5.2 × 3.5
𝑣𝑣 = = = 2.9 m/s
𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 𝜋𝜋(0.15)2 × 12 × 60
11. A horizontal pipe contains water at a pressure of 110 kPa flowing with a speed of 1.6
m/s. When the pipe narrows to one half its original diameter.
(a) What is the speed of the water?

𝐴𝐴1 𝜋𝜋𝑑𝑑1 /4 2 𝑑𝑑1 2
𝐴𝐴1 𝑣𝑣1 = 𝐴𝐴2 𝑣𝑣2 ⇒ 𝑣𝑣2 = 𝑣𝑣 = � � 𝑣𝑣1 = � � 𝑣𝑣1
𝐴𝐴2 1 𝜋𝜋𝑑𝑑2 /4 𝑑𝑑2
2
𝑑𝑑1
𝑣𝑣2 = � � 𝑣𝑣1 = 4𝑣𝑣1 = 4(1.6 m/s) = 6.4 m/s
1
𝑑𝑑1
2
(b) What is the pressure of water?

1 1
P1 + ρ v12 =
P2 + ρ v2 2
2 2
1
P1 + ρ ( v12 − v22 )
P2 =
2
1
110 × 103 Pa+ (1000 kg/m3 ) (1.6 m/s ) − ( 6.4 m/s ) 
2 2
=
2  
P2 = 91 kPa

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Tutorial 06 Solutions _ May/June 2023

A) The buoyant force depends on the mass of the object.

2. According to Pascal’s principle, which of the following statement is true?

A) If an internal pressure is applied to a confined fluid, the pressure at every point

B) If an external pressure is applied to a confined fluid, the pressure at every point

C) If an internal pressure is applied to a confined fluid, the pressure at every point

D) If an external pressure is applied to a confined fluid, the pressure at every point

D) An increase in pressure in one part of the fluid results in an equal decrease in

A) At any given point in the fluid, the velocity is constant in time.

5. Complete the following statement: Bernoulli's principle is a statement of

B) thermal equilibrium in fluids.

C) mechanical equilibrium in fluids.

D) energy conservation in dynamic fluids.

E) momentum conservation in dynamic fluids.

1. What is the volume in mL of 55 g of a liquid with density 1100 kg/m3?

3. A rectangular block with dimensions 50 cm x 40 cm x 30 cm has a mass of 90 kg.

= 1.013 x 105 Pa + (1030 kg/m3)(9.81 m/s2)(1.1 x 104 m)

𝐴𝐴2 𝜋𝜋(7.70 × 10−3 𝑚𝑚)2

𝜋𝜋(7.70 × 10−3 𝑚𝑚)2

+(8.30 × 102 kg/m3 )(9.80 m/s2 )(1.30 m)𝜋𝜋(7.70 × 10−3 𝑚𝑚)2

(a) What is the speed of the water?

(b) What is the pressure of water?

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