Max1773 Max1773a PDF
Max1773 Max1773a PDF
Max1773 Max1773a PDF
Ordering Information appears at end of data sheet. tCovered by U.S. Patent number 5,764,032.
BATSEL
VDD
TO HOST P ACPRES
BATSTAT
MINV 3.3V
AC ADAPTER ACDET
INPUT
PDS
MAX1773
3.3V MAX1773A
EXTLD TCOMP
BATTERY THMA BATTERY
THMB
A BATA B
BATB
COMA COMB
DISA DISB
CHGA CHGB
STEP-DOWN OUTPUT
CHARGER 3.3V DC-DC
OUTPUT CONVERTER
INPUT INPUT
SYSTEM LOAD
Note 1: Signals on THMA and THMB below -0.3V are clamped by internal diodes limit forward diode current to maximum continuous
current. When voltage on these pins is below -0.3V.
Stresses beyond those listed under “Absolute Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional operation of the device at these
or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the operational sections of the specifications is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect
device reliability.
Package Information
PACKAGE TYPE: 20 TSSOP
Package Code U20-2
Outline Number 21-0066
Land Pattern 90-0116
For the latest package outline information and land patterns (footprints), go to www.maximintegrated.com/packages. Note that a “+”,
“#”, or “-” in the package code indicates RoHS status only. Package drawings may show a different suffix character, but the drawing
pertains to the package regardless of RoHS status.
Electrical Characteristics
(VBATA = VBATB = 16.8V, CVDD = 3.3μF, VMINV = 0.93V, VEXTLD = VACDET = 28V, VTCOMP = 3V, VTHMA = VTHMB = 1.65V,
VBATSEL = 0V, CCOMA = CCOMB = CDISA = CDISB = CCHGA = CCHGB = CPDS = 5nF, TA = 0°C to +85°C, unless otherwise noted.)
VACDET = 28V 5 8
VBATA = 4.75V to 19V,
BATA, BATB Quiescent Current
VBATB = 4.75V to 19V, VACDET = 2.2V to µA
(Current from the lower voltage supply) 8 13
IVDD = 0 VBATA and VBATB
Electrical Characteristics
(VBATA = VBATB = 16.8V, CVDD = 3.3μF, VMINV = 0.93V, VEXTLD = VACDET = 28V, VTCOMP = 3V, VTHMA = VTHMB = 1.65V,
VBATSEL = 0V, CCOMA = CCOMB = CDISA = CDISB = CCHGA = CCHGB = CPDS = 5nF, TA = -40°C to +85°C, unless otherwise noted.)
Note 2: TCOMP undervoltage lockout sets the MAX1773/MAX1773A’s internal status bits for the batteries to be designated as
“absent” (VTHM_ > VTCOMP).
Note 3: VACDET must remain above 2.2V, except in power-up.
Note 4: COMA cannot sink current until VCOMB > VBATB - 2V. Likewise, COMB cannot sink current until VCOMA > VBATA - 2V.
Note 5: DISA cannot sink current until VDISB > VEXTLD - 2V. Likewise, DISB cannot sink current until VDISA > VEXTLD - 2V.
Note 6: Battery Switchover Delay starts when either VCOM_ or VDIS_ of the connected battery begins to rise and ends when
both VCOM_ and VDIS_ of the other battery have fallen 3V below their sources (Figure 1 and 2).
Note 7: Battery Action Delay starts when the connected battery’s voltage falls below 5 x VMINV and ends when both VCOM_ and
VDIS_ of the other battery have fallen 3V below their sources (Figure 1 and 2).
Note 8: Thermistor Action Delay begins when VTHM_ of the connected battery rises above VTCOMP and ends when both VCOM_
and VDIS_ of the other battery have fallen 3V below their sources (Figure 3 and 4).
Note 9: AC to Battery Switchover Delay begins when VACDET falls below its threshold and ends when both VCOM_ and VDIS_ of
the battery being switched to have fallen 3V below their sources (Figure 5).
Note 10: Battery to AC Switchover Delay begins when VACDET rises above its threshold and ends when VDIS_ of the battery being
switched from has begun to rise (Figure 6).
Note 11: CHG_ Turn-on Delay begins when VCHG_ of the battery being switched from begins to rise and ends when VCHG_ of the
battery being switched to begins to fall (Figure 7 and 8).
VDD ERROR vs. INPUT VOLTAGE VDD ERROR vs. IDD VDD ERROR vs. TEMPERATURE
0.04 0 0.5
MAX1773-01
MAX1773-02
MAX1773-03
VIN = VACDET, BAT_ = OPEN
0
0
-1 -0.5 IDD = 5µA
ERROR (%)
-0.04 -1.0
IDD = 1mA
-2 -1.5
-0.08
-2.0
VIN = VBAT_, VACDET = 3.3V
-0.12 -3 -2.5
5 10 15 20 25 30 0.01 0.1 1 10 -40 -15 10 35 60 85
VIN (V) IDD (mA) TEMPERATURE (°C)
VBATB
TOTAL CURRENT FROM THE BATTERY
5V
8 5V VCOMA 0
15V 10V
IBATTERY_ (µA)
6 VEXTLD
VDISA 0
4 VCOMB
5V 10V
VBATA 12V 0
2
5 5 VMINV VDISB 5V
0 2V 0
0 4 8 12 16 20 100µs/div 5µs/div
VBATTERY_ (V) VBATA = 12V, BATTERY A REMOVED AT 100µs VBATA = 12V
VBATB = 10.75V VBATB = 10.75V
VMINV = 1.4V
11V VEXTLD
10V 10V
VEXTLD VDISA
0
0
10µs/div 5µs/div 50µs/div
VBATA = 10.5V AT 4A VBATA = 10.5V AT 4A VBATA = 9.4V AT 4A
VBATB = 12V AT 4A VBATB = 12V AT 4A VBATB = 10.8V AT 4A
VBATA 12V
20V 10V
VEXTLD 10V
VDISA
10V 0
VDISA
VCHGA 10V
0 0
20µs/div 100µs/div
VBATA = 10.8V AT 4A VACADAPTER = 17.5A AT 4A
VACADAPTER = 17.5V AT 4A VBATA = 10.5V AT 4A
VACADAPTER APPLIED AT 240µs
CHARGER INPUT OPEN
Pin Configuration
TOP VIEW
BATA 1 20 BATB
THMA 2 19 THMB
CHGA 3 18 CHGB
DISA 4 17 DISB
MAX1773
COMA 5 16 COMB
MAX1773A
GND 6 15 VDD
MINV 7 14 TCOMP
EXTLD 8 13 BATSEL
PDS 9 12 ACPRES
ACDET 10 11 BATSTAT
TSSOP
Pin Description
PIN NAME FUNCTION
1 BATA Battery A Connection
2 THMA Thermistor A Input
3 CHGA Open-Drain Gate Driver for Charge Path MOSFET to Battery A
4 DISA Gate Driver for Discharge Path MOSFET to Battery A. Switches from VEXTLD to (VEXTLD - 9.5V).
5 COMA Gate Driver for Common Path MOSFET to Battery A. Switches from VBATA to (VBATA - 9.5V).
6 GND Ground
7 MINV Minimum Operating Voltage Set Point. The battery voltage switchover set point is 5 x VMINV.
8 EXTLD External Load Connection. Source connection for the PDS, DISA, and DISB MOSFETs.
9 PDS Gate Driver for the AC Adapter MOSFET
10 ACDET AC Adapter Detection Input
11 BATSTAT Open-Drain Battery Status Output. Use a pullup resistor to the system logic supply.
12 ACPRES Open-Drain AC Presence Output. Use a pullup resistor to the system logic supply.
13 BATSEL Battery Select Digital Input. Selects which battery to charge or discharge.
14 TCOMP Externally Set Thermistor Trip Point. Sets the thermistor voltage level for detecting the battery’s presence.
15 VDD Linear Regulator Output
16 COMB Gate Driver for Common Path MOSFET to Battery B. Switches from VBATB to (VBATB - 9.5V).
17 DISB Gate Driver for Discharge Path MOSFET to Battery B. Switches from VEXTLD to (VEXTLD - 9.5V).
18 CHGB Open-Drain Gate Driver for Charge Path MOSFET to Battery B
19 THMB Thermistor B Input
20 BATB Battery B Connection
MAX1773-Fig-01
MAX1773-Fig-02
Figure 1. Battery Delay (Battery A to Battery B) Figure 2. Battery Delay (Battery B to Battery A)
MAX1773-Fig-03 MAX1773-Fig-04
VBATA VBATB
VCOMA VCOMB
VBATA + VCOM_GS VBATB + VCOM_GS
VDISA VEXTLD VDISB VEXTLD
Figure 3. Thermistor Switchover Delay (Battery A to Battery B) Figure 4. Thermistor Switchover Delay (Battery B to Battery A)
MAX1773-Fig-05 MAX1773-Fig-06
VEXTLD VEXTLD
3V
VDIS_ VDIS_
VEXTLD + VDIS_GS VEXTLD + VDIS_GS
MAX1773-Fig-07 MAX1773-Fig-08
VBATSEL VBATSEL
VCHARGER VCHARGER
VCHGA VCHGB
VCHARGER VCHARGER
VCHGB VCHGA
Figure 7. Charge Turn-On Delay (Battery A to Battery B) Figure 8. Charge Turn-On Delay (Battery B to Battery A)
X = Don’t care, Present: VTHM_ < VTCOMP, Absent: VTHM_ > VTCOMP, ACPRES = 0
STEP-DOWN AC-ADAPTER
CHARGER SUPPLY
R12
R14
VBATA+ VBATB+
DISA DISB
SYSTEM
The Battery Switchover Latch stops the MAX1773/ To prevent the MAX1773/MAX1773A from switching to
MAX1773A from oscillating when the device switches a discharged battery, the Low-Battery Latch suspends
from the selected battery and then the selected bat- the state table when the unconnected battery’s voltage
tery’s voltage recovers. According to the state table, the is below 5 x VMINV and the discharging battery’s voltage
MAX1773/MAX1773A would switch back to the selected drops below 5 x VMINV. Instead of switching to the uncon-
battery as soon as the battery’s voltage recovered. The nected battery, the MAX1773/MAX1773A continue to
Battery Switchover Latch suspends the state table as power from the discharging battery. This latch is cleared
soon as the MAX1773/MAX1773A switch over to the non- when the unconnected battery is removed (VTHM_ >
selected battery. This causes the MAX1773/MAX1773A VTCOMP), when in the Startup States mode, when in the
to continue to power from the nonselected battery unless AC Adapter States mode, and if the unconnected bat-
the latch is cleared. The Battery Switchover Latch is tery’s voltage rises above 5 x VMINV.
cleared when BATSEL is toggled (to select the other bat- The Discharged Battery Latch sets whenever the
tery), when in the Startup States mode, in the AC Adapter MAX1773/MAX1773A are in the Standard Battery States
States mode, and when the selected battery is removed mode, both batteries are present (VTHM_ < VTCOMP),
(VTHM_ > VTCOMP). one of the batteries is low (VBAT_ < 5 x VMINV), and
the other battery’s voltage is below VACDET. While the
500kΩ 500kΩ
BATSEL VDD
ACPRES
TO HOST µP 28.7kΩ 0.33µF
BATSTAT
AC ADAPTER 3.3kΩ 3.3V
MINV
INPUT ACDET
PDS 100kΩ
100kΩ 0.1µF MAX1773 10kΩ
P7 R13
8kΩ MAX1773A
10kΩ
EXTLD TCOMP
3.3V
100kΩ
10kΩ
1.5µF 1.5µF
COMA COMB
DISA DISB
CHGA CHGB
R12 R14
P1 8kΩ 8kΩ P4
STEP-DOWN OUTPUT
CHARGER
3.3V DC-DC
OUTPUT CONVERTER
INPUT INPUT
Discharged Battery Latch is set, the state table is sus- Startup States
pended, the MAX1773/MAX1773A are not allowed to When VACDET rises at startup, the MAX1773/MAX1773A
switch batteries, and the Low Battery Latch is cleared. use Startup States. See Table 3 for a detailed listing of the
The Discharged Battery Latch is cleared when both bat- MAX1773/MAX1773A states in this mode. Note that once
teries are above VACDET, in the AC Adapter States mode, ACDET rises above 2.2V, the MAX1773/MAX1773A are
and in the Startup States mode. no longer in the Startup States mode and enters either the
Standard Battery States mode or the AC Adapter States
mode.
BATA
VDD
BATB LINEAR
REGULATOR UVLO
EXTLD
MAX1773
MAX1773A
9.5V
COMB
LOGIC
+
_ 9.5V
ACDET
COMA
+
_ _ 9.5V
GND + DISA
MINV
_
9.5V
+ DISB
PDS
CHGA
THMA +
TCOMP _
CHGB
VDD
_
THMB +
ACPRES
BATSEL DELAY
60s
BATSTAT
MOSFET Drivers however, keep the value large enough to prevent a lower
To minimize the time when no supply is connected to the VGS than specified by the PMOS FET. The minimum VGS is:
external load during switchover transients, the MAX1773/ VGS(MIN) = -ICHG_(SINK) x RCHG_
MAX1773A use active pullup drivers for the discharge paths where VGS(MIN) is the minimum P1 or P4 gate-to-source
(DIS_) and the common paths (COM_). When the MAX1773/ voltage, ICHG_(SINK) is the CHG_ sink current (see the
MAX1773A initially begin to pull up one of these pins, they Electrical Characteristics table), and RCHG_ is R12 or
use a large current (Initial COM_ Source Current and Initial R14.
DIS_ Source Current; the Electrical Characteristics table).
Once the COM_ voltage rises to within 2V of VBAT_ or the VDD Regulator
DIS_voltage rises to within 2V of VEXTLD, then a weaker driv- The MAX1773/MAX1773A feature an internal linear regu-
er is used to hold up the voltage (Final COM_ Source Current lator to provide power for itself and external circuitry.
and Final DIS_ Source Current; the Electrical Characteristics The linear regulator’s output is available at VDD and is
table). nominally 3.3V. When the linear regulator is not used to
The MAX1773/MAX1773A are designed to prevent shoot- power external circuitry, bypass it with a 0.33μF ceramic
through from one battery to the other when transitioning capacitor. To supply external loads up to 1mA, bypass the
from discharging one battery to discharging the other bat- linear regulator with a 3.3μF tantalum capacitor.
tery. To accomplish this, the MAX1773/MAX1773A do not
connect the second battery to EXTLD until it senses that Applications Information
the first battery is disconnected from EXTLD. See Notes Load Switchover Transients
4 and 5 of the Electrical Characteristics table.
When power switches from one power source to anoth-
To allow flexibility when choosing the higher voltage PDS er, a transient is created on the load. This transient
PMOS FET (P7, Figure 10), the MAX1773/MAX1773A do not (ΔVEXTLD) is minimized by the capacitance on the load
limit the gate-to-source voltage applied to the PDS PMOSFET. (CEXTLD). The voltage transient can be approximated as:
The minimum VGS is set by the MAX1773/MAX1773A PDS
sink current (see the Electrical Characteristics table) and the i EXLTLD × t SWITCHOVER
∆VEXTLD =
external resistor from PDS to EXTLD (R13): C EXTLD
VGS(MIN) = -IPDS(SINK) x RPDS
where tSWITCHOVER is the time where no supply is con-
where VGS(MIN) is the minimum P7 gate-to-source volt- nected to the EXTLD.
age, IPDS(SINK) is the PDS sink current, and RPDS is
In applications where the battery voltage always falls
R13.
away slowly, tSWITCHOVER is primarily composed of the
The MAX1773/MAX1773A use open-collector drivers to Battery Switchover Delay. However, in applications where
open the charge paths. Minimize the value of the pullup the battery voltage can suddenly fall away, tSWITCHOVER
resistors on the charge paths (R12 and R14) to allow the is substantially increased because it is primarily com-
MAX1773/MAX1773A to quickly turn on the PMOS FETs; posed of the Battery Action Delay (Figure 1 and 2).
N
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B
TA
TB
TE
AT
AT
AC
AC
BA
EX
20V VB
VACDET
3.3V
20V
VEXTLD
8V
12.6V
VBATA 8V
12.6V
VBATB 8V
BATSEL 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0
BATSTAT 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0
ACPRES 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0
t0 t1 t2 t3 t4 t5 t6 t7 t8 t9
Ideally, when a battery is removed from the system, the switched on, RSWITCH is the RDS(ON) of the PMOS FETs
thermistor connection is broken before the battery’s power in the path, and RESR is the equivalent series resistance
path is broken. In this case, tSWITCHOVER is typically of the output capacitance.
bound by the Thermistor Action Delay (Figure 3 and 4). The duration of the current transient is determined by
However, if the battery’s power path is broken first, then RSOURCE, RSWITCH, RESR, and the output capacitance.
tSWITCHOVER primarily consists of the shorter of the Smaller resistances and less output capacitance reduce
following times: time until the thermistor connection is the transient duration.
broken plus the Thermistor Action Delay, or the Battery
Action Delay. Typical Operation
Figure 12 shows a typical discharge and charge cycle
Source Switchover Transients
for a system utilizing the MAX1773/MAX1773A, two
When the MAX1773/MAX1773A suddenly switch a power 3-cell lithium-ion (Li+) batteries, and a 20V AC adapter
supply to the load, they create a current transient from power supply. The diagram starts with the AC adapter
the source to charge up the capacitance on the load. The applied, no batteries present, and battery A selected
peak current drawn is approximated by: (see the AC Adapter States section). BATSTAT =
∆VEXTLOAD BATSEL = 1 indicates that battery A is not present and
I PK = battery A’s charge path is not connected. If the external
R SOURCE + R SWITCH + R ESR
controller polled the MAX1773/MAX1773A as described
where ΔVEXTLOAD is the voltage difference between in Status and Configuration, then BATSTAT would return
the supply switched off and the supply switched on, BATSEL (0) to indicate that battery B is not present.
RSOURCE is the source resistance of the power supply
Table 5. Recommended Manufacturers nal controller orders a controlled shutdown of the system
and drastically reduces the supply current.
SUPPLIER PHONE FAX
At t7, the AC adapter supply is reconnected to the system.
Fairchild 408-822-2000 408-822-2102
The MAX1773/MAX1773A automatically disconnect bat-
IR 310-322-3331 310-322-3332
tery A’s discharge path, connects the AC adapter’s load
Siliconix 408-988-8000 408-970-3950 path (PDS switch), and connects battery B’s charge path.
BATSTAT goes to BATSEL (1) to indicate that battery B
At t1, battery A is inserted and the MAX1773/MAX1773A
is present. ACPRES goes to 0 to indicate that the AC
connect battery A’s charge path. Note that BATSTAT
adapter source is present.
changes to BATSEL (0) to indicate that battery A is present.
At t8, the external controller recognizes that battery B is
At t2, battery B is inserted. BATSTAT does not change
charged and changes BATSEL to battery A. BATSTAT
and still indicates that battery A is present.
goes to BATSEL (0) to indicate that battery A is present.
At t3, the AC adapter is removed and the MAX1773/
After t9, the batteries are fully charged and the system is
MAX1773A automatically disconnect battery A’s charge
ready for another cycle.
path and connect battery A’s discharge path (see the
Standard Battery States section). ACPRES changes to 1 Power MOSFET Selection
to indicate that the AC adapter source is no longer pres- The MAX1773/MAX1773A do not place stringent require-
ent. BATSTAT = BATSEL (0) to indicate that battery A is ments on the external PMOS FETs. Use PMOS FETs
present and supplying the load. Between t3 and t4, battery with low VGS thresholds (logic level FETs). Low RDS(ON)
A discharges as it supplies the load. PMOS FETs are desirable since the PMOS FET’s resis-
At t4, battery A’s voltage falls below 5 x VMIN, and the tance directly contributes to power losses. Also, ensure
MAX1773/MAX1773A automatically disconnect battery that the PMOS FET’s VDS and VGS ratings exceed the
A’s discharge path and connect battery B’s discharge specific circuit requirements. See Table 5 for a list of rec-
path. BATSTAT goes to BATSEL (1) to indicate that bat- ommended manufacturers.
tery A is no longer supplying the load.
Layout Guidelines
Shortly after BATSTAT goes high, the external controller The MAX1773/MAX1773A do not use fast switching times
should catch up to the MAX1773/MAX1773A and change or high frequencies. Therefore, the layout requirements
BATSEL. This is shown at t5. BATSTAT remains at 1, are minimal. Keep the gate connections to the external
indicating that battery B is present and supplying the load. PMOS FETs short to minimize capacitive coupling, reduce
At t6, battery B falls below 5 x VMIN, and the MAX1773/ parasitic inductance, and ensure stability. In addition,
MAX1773A automatically disconnect battery B’s dis- minimize the power path length when possible to reduce
charge path and connect battery A’s discharge path. the path’s resistance. See the MAX1773 evaluation kit for
BATSTAT changes to BATSEL (0) to indicate that battery a layout example.
B is no longer supplying the load. At this point, the exter-
Revision History
REVISION REVISION PAGES
DESCRIPTION
NUMBER DATE CHANGED
0 12/00 Initial release —
1 1/03 Added part MAX1773A 1–21
Removed MAX1773 from the Ordering Information table, added Package Information
2 5/17 2, 18–19
table, and removed Differences Between MAX1773 and MAX1773A section.
For pricing, delivery, and ordering information, please contact Maxim Direct at 1-888-629-4642, or visit Maxim Integrated’s website at www.maximintegrated.com.
Maxim Integrated cannot assume responsibility for use of any circuitry other than circuitry entirely embodied in a Maxim Integrated product. No circuit patent licenses
are implied. Maxim Integrated reserves the right to change the circuitry and specifications without notice at any time. The parametric values (min and max limits)
shown in the Electrical Characteristics table are guaranteed. Other parametric values quoted in this data sheet are provided for guidance.
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