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Chemistry PROJECT
CHEMISTRY Project
Onon
"Determination of contents of Cold
Determination Of The
Drinks"
Contents Of Cold Drinks

PROJECT PREPARED
Project Report By:
BY:
Ga Aakashuravsa
Shubhneet
ngal XIIXII-
Arora XIIB- A
Sess 22Sess
Session: 60ioionn:- 20: 112011--081212-
2016-17
2009
Kendriya Vidyalaya Mankhurd
S. D. Vidya M andi r
Bo ard’s
Submitted to Mrs.RNupur
oll Sharma
Nu
mber : 6229000
(Signature)
 http://www.cbseportal.com

Certificate
This is hereby to certify that, the original and genuine
investigation work has been carried out to investigate
about the subject matter and the related data
collection and investigation has been completed
solely, sincerely and satisfactorily by Shubhneet Arora
of CLASS XII B,
Kendriya Vidyalaya Mankhurd, regarding his project
titled “Determination of the Contents of Cold Drinks”.

Signature of Teacher

Signature of Principal School‟s Stamp

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I take this opportunity to express my profound sense of
gratitude and respect to all those who helped me
throughout this venture.

I owe my regard to Mrs. K Prabavathi, Principal of K.V

,Mankhurd, for her cooperation and valuable support and
for giving me the opportunity to undertake this project
work and providing the necessary infrastructure.

I would like to express my heartfelt thanks to my revered

teacher and guide Mrs. Nupur Sharma (Chemistry
teacher) and Mr. Deepak for their valuable guidance,
encouragement and support throughout my studentship
under their at the institute.

Last but not the least; I owe my overwhelming gratitude to

my family and friends who gave me constant support
and motivation to continue with this endeavor.
 Purpose
PURPOSE
URPOSE
In recent days, soft drink brands were put into
various questions
In recent regarding
days, soft theirwere
drink brands purity.
putNews
into
flashed that questions
various they contain harmful pesticide,
regarding which
their purity. News
arouse many
flashed thatinterest in knowing
they contain its contents
harmful pesticide, which
arouseI many
because interest
have been in knowing
drinking them its
forcontents
years. Ibecause
I have
wanted been drinking
to confirm them for
that whether the years.
chargeI wanted to
confirm that whether the charge imposed on these
imposed on these brands are true or not.
brands are true or not.

Another
Anotherfactfact
which inspired
which meme
inspired to do thisthis
to do project is is
project
thatthat
I am in touch
I am with with
in touch qualitative analysis
qualitative whose
analysis whose
knowledge
knowledge with
with other
other factorshelped
factors helpedmeme toto do
do so.
 CONTENT
INDEXS
I. Introduction
 Introduction
II. Theory
 Theory
III. Apparatus
 Apparatus
IV. ChemicalsRequired
Chemicals Required
V. Detectionof
Detection of pH
pH
VI.
Test
Testfor
forCarbon Dioxide
Carbon Dioxide
 Test
VII. for
Test forGlucose
lucose
III.
Test for Phosphate
Test for Phosphate
 Test for Alcohol
IX. Test
Test forforSucrose
Alcohol
X.Result
Test for Sucrose
XI.
Conclusion
Result
XII. Conclusion
 Introduction
INTRODUCTION
The era of cold drinks began in 1952 but the
The era of cold drinks began in 1952 but the
industrialization
industrializationininIndia marked
India markedits beginning withwith
its beginning
launching
launchingofofLimca
Limca and
andGoldspot
Goldspot by by
parley group
parley group of
ofcompanies.
companies.Since,
Since, the
the beginning
beginning ofofcold
colddrinks
drinks was
was highlyprofitable
highly profitableand
and luring,
luring, many
many multinational
multinational companies
companies launched launched
their brandstheir brands
in India in Pepsi
like
India like Pepsi and Coke.
and Coke.
Now days, it is observed in general that majority
ofNow
people viewed
days, it isSprite, Miranda,
observed and Limca
in general to
that majority of
people
give viewed
feeling Sprite, while
of lightness, Miranda,
PepsiandandLimca
Thumpsto give
Upfeeling of lightness,
to activate while
pulse and Pepsi and Thumps Up to
brain.
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Theory
THEORY
ColdCold
drinks of different brands are composed of alcohol,
drinks of different brands are composed of alcohol,
carbohydrates,
carbohydrates,carbon dioxide,
carbon phosphate
dioxide, ionsions
phosphate etc. These soft drinks
etc. These soft
givedrinks
feelinggive
of warmth, lightness
feeling of warmth,and have a tangy
lightness and have tastea which
tangy is liked
taste
by everyone. Carbon
which is liked dioxide is Carbon
by everyone. responsible for istheresponsible
dioxide formation forof froth
the
formation
on shaking theofbottle.
froth on shaking the bottle.

TheThe carbon
carbon dioxide
dioxide gasgas
is is dissolvedininwater
dissolved watertotoformformcarbonic
carbonic acid acid
which is also responsible
which is also responsible forforthethe tangy
tangy taste.Carbohydrates
taste. Carbohydrates are are the
the
naturally occurring organic compounds and are major source of
naturally occurring organic compounds and are major source of
energy to our body. General formula of carbohydrates is
energy
CX (Hto2O)
ourY.
body. General formula of carbohydrates is (CH2O)n.
On the basis of their molecule size carbohydrates are classified as:
On the basis of their
Monosaccharide, molecule size
Disaccharides andcarbohydrates
Polysaccharides. are classified
Glucose as:- is a
monosaccharide with formula C6H12O6 .It occurs in Free State in
theMonosaccharide,
ripen grapes, in Disaccharides
bones and also andinPolysaccharides.
many sweet fruits. Glucose is a
It is also
monosaccharide
present in human bloodwith formula C6H12O
to the extent .It occurs
of6 about in Free
0.1%. SucroseState isinone
the most
of the ripen useful
grapes disaccharides
in bones and also in many
in our dailysweet
life. Itfruits. It is also
is widely
present in human blood to the extent of about 0.1%. Sucrose is one
distributed in nature in juices, seeds and also in flowers of many
of the most useful disaccharides in our daily life. It is widely
plants. The main source of sucrose is sugar cane juice which
distributed in nature in juices, seeds and also in flowers of many
contain
plants.15-20 % sucrose
The main sourceand sugar beet
of sucrose which
is sugar canehasjuiceabout
which 10-17 %
sucrose.
containThe15-20molecular
% sucroseformula of sucrose
and sugar beet whichis C12H22O11.
has about 10-17 It is%
produced
sucrose.byThe a mixture
molecular of formula
glucose of and fructose.
sucrose is C12ItHis22Onon-reducing
11. It is
in
nature whereas
produced by aglucose
mixtureisofreducing.
glucose and Cold drinksItare
fructose. a bit acidic in
is non-reducing
nature and their
in nature acidity
whereas can isbereducing.
glucose measured by drinks
Cold findingare their
a bitpH value.
acidic
TheinpH values
nature andalso
theirdepend
acidity upon
can bethe acidic contents
measured by findingsuch theiraspH citric
acidvalue.
and phosphoric
The pH values acid.
also depend upon the acidic contents such as
citric acid and phosphoric acid.
 Apparatus
APPARATUS
? est Tube
?Test?Test
esTestTube
?
tTTubeTest
TuesTube
TubtbeHolder
Tu
bHoldeTeste TubeerStand
?Test?Stop
esTestWatch
?
tTTubeBeaker
TuesTtbeubTuH
HolderBurner
d derer
? ?topTest
pH ?Paper
TWesTTripod
tatcubTu hebeSt
Stand
aStandnd
Test China
Tube Dish
? eak
Wire er
Stand
Gauge
?Stop ?
WWatatch
StopWater Bathch
?Stop?urB?
neakBWereaatekrcerh
?Be?HBurnaker?
 Chemicals
Required
Iodine Solution
Potassium Iodine
Iodine Solution
Sodium
?
Hydroxide
Potassiu Iodine Solution
m
Iodine Fehli?Sodiumng’s
Potassium Iodinen
A Hyd& B roSoxiluti
Sodium deon
Hydroxide
e Wating‟sAer& BASolution
Lim?FehlFehling’s
Lime Water
& B Solutio
? Concentrated HNO3
Co
Benedict Solution
Ammonium Molybdate
 Detection of
DETECTION OFpH
PH
EXPERIMENT
Experiment
Small
Small samples
samplesof of cold
cold drinks
drinksof
of different
different brands
brandswere
weretaken
takeninina atest tube
and
test put
tubeonand
theput
pHon paper. Thepaper.
the pH changeThe
in the colorinofthe
change pHcolor
paperofwas
pHnoticed
and was compared with the standard pH scale.
paper was noticed and was compared with the standard pH scale.

OBSERVATION
Observations
NAME OF THE COLOUR
SR. NO. pH VALUE
DRINK CHANGE
1 Coca Cola
COCA COLA Pink
PINK 2.5-3
2 Sprite
SPRITE Red
RED 3
3 LIMCA
Limca PINKISH
Pinkish 4
4 FANTA
Fanta LIGHT ORANGE
Light Orange 3-4

INFERENCE
Inference
Soft drinks are generally acidic because of the presence of citric
acid and phosphoric acid. pH values of cold drink of different
brands are different due to the variation in amount of acidic
contents.
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Test
TEST FORforCARBON
DIOXIDE
EXPERIMENT
As
Assoon
soonas
asthe
thebottles
bottleswere
wereopened,
opened,one
oneby
byone
onethe
thesample
samplewas
waspassed
through lime water.
passed through limeThe limeThe
water. water turned
lime watermilky.
turned milky.

OBSERVATON
SR. NAME OF THE TIME TAKEN
CONCLUSION
NO. DRINK (SEC.)
1 Coca cola
COCA COLA 26.5 CO2 IS PRESENT
PRESENT
2 SPRITE
Sprite 21 CO2 IS PRESENT
IS PRESENT
3 LIMCA
Limca 35 CO2 IS
IS PRESENT
PRESENT
4 FANTA
Fanta 36 CO2 IS PRESENT
PRESENT

INFERnfe E
IInference
renc
Allthe
All EN
thesoft
soft e Ccontain
drinks
drinks contain dissolved
dissolved carbon
carbon dioxide
dioxide in water.
in water. The carbon
The carbon
dioxide
dioxide((CO))dissolves
2 in water
) dissolves in towater
form carbonic
to form acid, whichacid,
carbonic is which is
responsible for its tangy
responsible tangy taste.
taste.

CHEMICALReaction
Chemical REACTIONInvolved:
INVOLVED
Ca(OH) (s) + CO (g)------------CaCO (s) + H O(s)
2 2 3 2
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TestFOR
TEST for GLUCOSE
Glucose
Experiment
EXPERIMENT
Glucose is a reducing sugar acid. Its presence is detected by the following test:-
Glucose is a reducing sugar acid. Its presence is detected by the
following test:-

1. BENEDICTS’S
1. REAGENT
Benedicts's Reagent TEST:-
test:
Small samples
Small samples of
of cold
cold drinks
drinks ofofdifferent
differentbrands
brandswere
weretaken
takeninina atest
testtube
tube
and a few drops of Benedict‟s reagent were added. The test tube
and a few drops of Benedict’s reagent were added. The test tube was heatedwas
heated
for fewforseconds.
few seconds. Formation
Formation of reddish
of reddish color
color confirmedthethepresence
confirmed presenceof
of glucose
glucose in cold
in cold drinks.
drinks.

OBSERVATON
Observations
SR. NAME OF THE
OBSERVATION CONCLUSION
NO. DRINK
1 REDDISH
Reddish COLOUR
colour Ppt. GLUCOSE
Glucose IS
is present
Coca Cola
COCA COLA PRESENT
PRECIPITATE
2 Sprite REDDISH
Reddish COLOUR
colour Ppt. GLUCOSE
Glucose IS
is present
SPRITE PRESENT
PRECIPITATE
REDDISH COLOUR GLUCOSE IS
3 LIMCA
Limca Reddish colour Ppt. Glucose is present
PRECIPITATE PRESENT
REDDISH COLOUR
Reddish colour Ppt. GLUCOSE IS
4 FANTA
Fanta Glucose is present
PRECIPITATE PRESENT

Inference
All the samples gave positive test for glucose with Benedict‟s reagent.
Hence all the drinks contain glucose.
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2.
2. FEHLING’S SOLUTION
Fehling's Solution TEST
Test
Small
Small samples
samplesofofcold
colddrinks of of
drinks different brands
different were
brands taken
were in a in
taken testa tube
test and
tube
aand
fewa drops of Fehling‟s A solution and Fehling‟s B solution was
few drops of Fehling’s A solution and Fehling’s B solution was added added in
equal amount.
in equal TheThe
amount. test test
tubetube
was was
heated in a in
heated water bath bath
a water for 10forminutes.
10 minutes.
Appearance of brown precipitate confirmed the presence of
Appearance of brown precipitate confirmed the presence of glucose glucose in in
cold drinks.
cold
drinks.

OBSERVATON
SR. NAME OF THE
OBSERVATION CONCLUSION
NO. DRINK
REDDISH BROWN GLUCOSE IS
1 COCACola
Coca COLA Reddish Brown Ppt. Glucose is present
PRECIPITATE PRESENT
2 Sprite REDDISH
Reddish BROWN
Brown Ppt. GLUCOSE
Glucose IS
is present
SPRITE
PRECIPITATE PRESENT
REDDISH BROWN GLUCOSE IS
3 LIMCA
Limca Reddish Brown Ppt. Glucose is present
PRECIPITATE PRESENT
REDDISH BROWN GLUCOSE IS
4 FANTA
Fanta Reddish Brown Ppt. Glucose is present
PRECIPITATE PRESENT

INFERENCE
Inference
All the
All the samples
samples gave
gave positive
positive test
test for
for glucose
glucose with
withFehling‟s
Fehling’s (A & B)
B) solutions.
solutions.
Hence all Hence alldrinks
the cold the cold drinksglucose.
contain contain glucose.
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TEST
TestFOR
for PHOSPHATE
Phosphate
EXPERIMENT
Experiment
Smallsamples
Small samplesofof each
each brandofof
brand cold
cold drinks
drinks were
were taken
taken in in separate
separate testtest tubes
tubes
andAmmonium
and Ammonium Molybdate
Molybdate followed
followed by concentrated
by concentrated NitricNitric Acid (HNO
Acid (HNO3) was3)
was added
added to solution
to it. The it. The was
solution wasAppearance
heated. heated. Appearance of canary-yellow
of canary-yellow precipitate
precipitate confirmed the presence of phosphate ions
confirmed the presence of phosphate ions in cold drinks. in cold drinks.

OBSERVATON
SR. NAME OF
OBSERVATION CONCLUSION
NO. THE DRINK
1 CANARY-YELLOW
Canary-Yellow Ppt. PHOSPHATE
Phosphate IS
is present
Coca Cola
COCA COLA
PRECIPITATE PRESENT
2 Sprite CANARY-YELLOW
Canary-Yellow Ppt. PHOSPHATE
Phosphate IS
is present
SPRITE
PRECIPITATE PRESENT
CANARY-YELLOW PHOSPHATE IS
3 LIMCA
Limca Canary-Yellow
PRECIPITATE Ppt. Phosphate is present
PRESENT
CANARY-YELLOW PHOSPHATE IS
4 FANTA
Fanta Canary-Yellow Ppt. Phosphate is present
PRECIPITATE PRESENT

INFERENCE
Inference
All the soft drinks
drinks samples
samplesgave
gavepositive
positivetest
testfor
forphosphate
phosphateions.
ions.Hence all
the coldall
Hence drinks contain
the cold phosphate.
drinks contain phosphate.

CHEMICAL REACTION
Chemical Reaction Involved:
INVOLVED
NaHPO + 12(NH ) MoO + 21HNO + 3H+-----------(NH ) PO .12MoO
4 4 2 4 3 4 3 4 3

+ 21HN4NO3 + 12H2O
 http://www.cbseportal.com

TestFOR
TEST for
EXPERIMENT
Experiment
Small samples of each brand of cold drinks were taken in separate test
tubes and Iodine followed by Potassium Iodide and Sodium Hydroxide
(NaOH) solution was added to each test tube. Then the test tubes were
heated in hot water bath for 30 minutes. Appearance of yellow colored
precipitate confirmed the presence of alcohol in cold drinks

OBSERVATON
SR. NAME OF
OBSERVATION CONCLUSION
NO. THE DRINK
1 Coca Cola
COCA COLA YellowYELLOW
Precipitate ALCOHOL
Alcohol IS
is present
PRECIPITATE PRESENT
2 Sprite
SPRITE YellowYELLOW
Precipitate ALCOHOL
Alcohol IS
is present
PRECIPITATE PRESENT
YELLOW ALCOHOL IS
3 LIMCA
Limca Alcohol is present
Yellow
PRECIPITATE
Precipitate PRESENT
YELLOW ALCOHOL IS
4 FANTA
Fanta Yellow Precipitate Alcohol is present
PRECIPITATE PRESENT

INFERENCE
Inference
All the cold
All the cold drinks
drinks samples
samplesgave
gavepositive
positivetest
testfor
foralcohol.
alcohol.Hence
Henceallall
thethe
cold
drinks contain
cold drinks glucose.
contain glucose.

CHEMICAL REACTION
Chemical Reaction involved:
INVOLVED
CH CH OH + 4I + 6NaOH-------CHI + HCOONa + 5NaI + 5H O
3 2 2 3 2
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TestFOR
TEST for SUCROSE
sucrose
Experiment
EXPERIM
Exp
5E5mlml samples
samples of NT
of eacheach brand
brand of cold
of cold drinksdrinks were in
were taken taken in separate
separate china china
eriment
dishes
dishes and
and were
were heated
heated veryvery strongly
strongly untiluntil changes
changes occur.occur.
BlackBlack colored
colored
residueleft
residue leftconfirmed
confirmedthe
thepresence
presenceofofsucrose
sucroseinincold
colddrinks.
drinks.

OBSERVATON
SR. NAME OF
OBSERVATION CONCLUSION
NO. THE DRINK
1 Coca Cola SUCROSE
Sucrose IS
is Present
COCA COLA Black Residue
BLACK RESIDUE
PRESENT

2 Sprite Black Residue SUCROSE

Sucrose IS
is Present
SPRITE BLACK RESIDUE
PRESENT
SUCROSE IS
3 Limca
LIMCA Black Residue
BLACK RESIDUE Sucrose is Present
PRESENT
SUCROSE IS
4 FANTA
Fanta BLACK RESIDUE
Black Residue Sucrose is Present
PRESENT

INFERENCE
Inference
Allthe
All thebrands
brands of
of cold
cold drinks contain
contain sucrose.
sucrose.But
Butamount
amountofofsucrose
sucrosevaries
in eachinbrand
varies each of drink.
brand of Fanta
drink.contains highest amount
Fanta contains highest of sucrose.
amount of sucrose.
 http://www.cbseportal.com

Result
RESULT
After
Afterconducting
conductingseveral
severaltests,
tests,it was concluded
it was thatthat
concluded thethe
different brands
different brands of
ofcold
colddrinks
drinksnamely:
namely:

1. Coca Cola
1. Coca Cola
2. Sprite
2. Sprite
3. Limca
3. Limca
4. Fanta
4. Fanta
All contains glucose, alcohol, sucrose, phosphate and carbon dioxide. All
All contains glucose, alcohol, sucrose, phosphate and carbon dioxide. All
cold drinks are acidic in nature. On comparing the pH value of different
cold drinks
brands areCola
Coca acidic in nature.
is the On comparing
most acidic and LimcatheispH value
least of different
acidic of all the four
brands Coca
brands taken.Cola is the most acidic and Limca is least acidic of all the
four brands taken.

CARBON DIOXIDE
Among the four samples of cold drinks taken, Sprite has the maximum
Among the four samples of cold drinks taken, Sprite has the maximum
amount of
amount of dissolved
dissolved carbon
carbon dioxide
dioxideand
andFanta
Fantahas
hasthe
theminimum
minimumamount
amount of
of dissolved carbon dioxide.
dissolved carbon dioxide.
 http://www.cbseportal.com

Conclusion
DIS-ADVANTAGES
Disadvantages OF COLDdrinks:
of Cold DRINKS
1. Soft drinks are little more harmful than sugar solution. As they contain
sugar in large amount which cause problems in diabetes patients.
2. Soft drinks can cause weight gain as they interfere with the body‟s
natural ability to suppress hunger feeling.
3. Soft drinks have ability to dissolve the calcium so they are also
harmful for our bones.
4. Soft drinks contain “phosphoric acid” which has a pH of 2.8. So it
can dissolve a nail in about 4 days.
5. For transportation of soft drinks syrup the commercial truck must usehe
the hazardous matter place cards reserved for highly consive material.
6. Soft drinks have also ability to remove blood so they are very harmful
to our body.

Uses of Cold drinks:

1. Cold
1. Cold drinks
drinks can can be used
be used as toilet
as toilet cleaners.
cleaners.
2. They
2. They can can remove
remove rust rust
spotsspots
fromfrom chrome
chrome car ca r humpers.
bumpers.
3. They
3. They clean
clean corrosion
corrosion fromfrom
carcar battery
battery terminals.
terminals.
4. Soft
4. Soft drinks
drinks are are
usedused as an
as an excellent
excellent ‘detergent’to
„detergent‟ toremove
remove grease
grease from
from clothes.
clothes.
5. They can loose a rusted bolt.
5. They can loose a rusted bolt.
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Bibliography
BIBLIOGRAPHY
LABORATORY MANUAL OF CHEMISTRY

DINESH COMPANION CHEMISTRY

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