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Design of Hydraulic Structures Lecture 7

This document discusses theories of seepage and hydraulic structures. It covers Lane's weighted creep theory, which assigns a weight of 1/3 to horizontal creep compared to 1.0 for vertical creep. The total creep length is calculated using this weighting. The document also provides a formula to calculate uplift pressure at any point using total head and creep length. An example problem demonstrates calculating hydraulic gradient and uplift pressure at a point on a structure using both Bligh's and Lane's theories.

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Suleman Faisal
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
92 views

Design of Hydraulic Structures Lecture 7

This document discusses theories of seepage and hydraulic structures. It covers Lane's weighted creep theory, which assigns a weight of 1/3 to horizontal creep compared to 1.0 for vertical creep. The total creep length is calculated using this weighting. The document also provides a formula to calculate uplift pressure at any point using total head and creep length. An example problem demonstrates calculating hydraulic gradient and uplift pressure at a point on a structure using both Bligh's and Lane's theories.

Uploaded by

Suleman Faisal
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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DESIGN OF HYDRAULIC

STRUCTURES
B.Tech Civil
Credit Hours : 03

Engr. Mir Masood Shah

Department of Technology 1
Sarhad University of Science and Information Technology, Peshawar
Lecture 7

Department of Technology 2
Sarhad University of Science and Information Technology, Peshawar
SEEPAGE THEORIES
2. Lane’s Weighted Creep Theory
Bligh, in his theory, had calculated the length of the creep, by
simply adding the horizontal creep length and the vertical creep
length, thereby making no distinction between the two creeps.

However, Lane, on the basis of his analysis carried out on about


200 dams all over the world, stipulated that the horizontal creep is
less effective in reducing uplift (or in causing loss of head) than
the vertical creep.
He, therefore, suggested a weightage factor of 1/3 for the
horizontal creep, as against 1.0 for the vertical creep.

L=LH/3+LV

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SEEPAGE THEORIES

B
A

Thus in Fig, the total Lane’s creep length (Ll) is given by


Ll = (d1 + d1) + (1/3) L1 + (d2 + d2) + (1/3) L2 + (d3 + d3)
= (1/3) (L1 + L2) + 2(d1 + d2 + d3)
= (1/3) b + 2(d1 + d2 + d3)

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SEEPAGE THEORIES
(i) Safety against piping or undermining:
To ensure safety against piping, according to this theory, the
creep length Ll must no be less than C1HL, where HL is the head
causing flow, and C1 is Lane’s creep coefficient given in table

Note: The hydraulic gradient i.e. HL/Ll is then equal to 1/C1. Hence, it
may be stated that the hydraulic gradient must be kept under a safe limit
in order to ensure safety against piping.

(ii) Safety against uplift pressure:


Same formulas as in Bligh’s theory
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SEEPAGE THEORIES
Using Bligh’ creep theory and Lane weighted creep theory, uplift
pressure at any point under the structure
It can be calculated using the following formula

UA=H(1-LA/L)
Where
UA= residual uplift pressure at any point A (excess HL)
H= total uplift pressure at upstream (~HL)
LA=Creep length up to point A
L =total creep length of the structure

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SEEPAGE THEORIES
Example: Find the hydraulic gradient and the head at point D of
the following structure for Static condition.
The water percolates at A and exits at B.

16
SEEPAGE THEORIES
Example: 1. Using Blight’ Creep theory
Total creep length, Lc = 2 + 5*2 + 10 + 2*3 + 20 + 2*7 + 2 = 64m
Hydraulic gradient, i = HL/L=∆H/Lc=6/64=1/10.66
According to the Bligh’s table, the structure is safe on gravel and
sand but not on coarse and fine sand.
Remember HL/L ≤1/C !!!
Creep length up to point D (LcD) =2 + 5*2 + 15 + 2*3 = 33m
The residual uplift pressure head at D = UD = ∆H(1-LcD/Lc)
=6(1-33/64)=2.9m

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SEEPAGE THEORIES
Example: 1. Using Blight’ Creep theory
The thickness of floor at any point should be sufficient to resist
the residual uplift pressure. If hD is the unbalanced head at point
D, then
hD= UD- (elevation of point D – elevation of DS floor) = 2.9 – (0) =
2.9 m (Note: Point D is at the same level of DS floor level).
The thickness of floor, TD, at point D should be hD/(G-1) where G,
is the specific gravity of the concrete floor, let Gs= 2.24, then

TD=hD/(G-1)=2.9/(2.24-1)=2.34m

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SEEPAGE THEORIES
Example: 1. Using Lane Weighted Creep theory
Weighted creep length, Lwc = 2 + 2*5 + 2*3 + 2*7 + 2 + (10+20)/3 =
44m
Up to point D, LwcD = 2 + 2*5 + 3*2 +15/3 = 23m

Hydraulic gradient, i = HL/L=∆H/Lwc=6/44=1/7.3


According to Lane’s table the structure is safe on fine sand but
not on very fine
Similarly
The residual uplift pressure head at D = UD = ∆H(1-LwcD/Lwc)
=6(1-23/44)=2.86m
TD=hD/(G-1)=2.86/(2.24-1)=2.3m

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