INDIAN INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE

Water Resources Systems:

Modeling Techniques and Analysis
Lecture - 1
Course Instructor : Prof. P. P. MUJUMDAR
Department of Civil Engg., IISc.

1
 Course Contents
• Introduction
• Concepts of systems and systems analysis
• Optimization with methods using calculus
• Linear programming
• Dynamic programming
• Simulation
• Combination of simulation and optimization
• Multi-objective planning
• Reservoir sizing & operation
• Simulation and optimization of hydropower systems

2
 Course Contents (contd.)
• Introduction to stochastic optimization
• Review of probability theory
• Chance constrained linear programming
• Reliability programming
• Stochastic dynamic programming
• Steady state and real-time reservoir operating policies
• Case studies
• Recent modeling tools
• ANN
• Fuzzy inference systems
• Genetic algorithms
3
 Reference books
• Loucks, D.P. and Eelco van Beek (2005). Water
resources systems planning and management: An
introduction to methods, models and applications.,
UNESCO.
• Vedula, S. and Mujumdar, P.P. (2005). Water resources
systems: Modeling techniques and analysis., Tata
McGraw Hill, New Delhi.
• Mays, L.W. and Tung, Y.K. (1992). Hydrosystems
engineering and management., McGraw Hill, USA.
• Simonovic, S.P. (2009). Managing water resources:
Methods and tools for a systems approach, UNESCO
publishing, France.
4
 Reference books (Contd)
• Jain, S.K. and Singh V. P. (2003) Water Resources
Systems Planning and Management, Elsevier.
• Chaturvedi M C (1987) Water Resources Systems
Planning and Management, Tata McGraw Hill, New
Delhi.
• Bhave, P. R., (2011) Water Resources Systems, Narosa
Publishing House, New Delhi.
• Hiller, F.S. and Lieberman, G.J. (2005) Introduction to
Operations Research, The McGraw Hill Companies, Inc.,
New York.
Introduction

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Rainfall Rainfall Catchment

streamflow

Reservoir  Hydro-power

Non Point Source

Pollution

Irrigated
Agriculture

Recharge Pumping

Base flow
Groundwater Reservoir
Effluent

A Typical Water Resource System 7

 Gauge-A

Reservoir Design
and Operation
Stream flow Regulated flow
• What is the
Reservoir
optimum size of
the reservoir to
meet a given
Flow Mean flow
(Mm3)
demand
• How best can we
operate the
Time reservoir in the
(months)
face of
Observed (historical) flows at Gauge - A
uncertainty of
inflows
History provides a valuable clue to the future 8
 Introduction

Real-time Operation for

Flood Control
Water level at A: Function of
rainfall in the catchment upstream,
evaporation, infiltration, storage,
vegetation and other catchment
TOWN characteristics.; Can be controlled
A by operation of upstream
reservoirs

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 Introduction
Optimal ground
water development

• Location of wells
• Optimal pumping rates
Agriculture • Solutions depend on
area • Agricultural demand
• Aquifer characteristics
• Energy costs
• Socio-economic
objectives
Ground water usage 
(Bore wall/tube 
well/dug well)

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Source: Narmada Control Authority 11
 Introduction
Multi-reservoir systems
• Flood control
• Meeting irrigation and M&I
demands
• Hydropower generation
• Minimum environmental
flows
• Conflicting objectives of
stakeholders
• Long-term operation of the
system
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 • Extent of water
transfer possible
in the proposed
links
• Reliability of the
transfers
• Intra-year
operation of the
reservoirs
• Maximization of
irrigation potential
• Priorities of water
allocations
• Environmental-
ecological
objectives

Interlinking of Rivers - Peninsular River System

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 Conjunctive use of surface and ground water
Introduction

Inflow AET Rainfall

Release
IRRIGATED AREA
RESERVOIR

Canal Recharge
GW
Pumping
D/S Flow Recharge
Net
AQUIFER outflow
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 Introduction
Water Quality in Streams

Non-point Source Pollution

Governed by :
Streamflow,
Temperature,
Hydraulic properties,
Effluent discharges,
Non-point source
pollution, Reaction
rates …..

Optimal treatment levels to maintain water quality at various locations

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