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Relays and Optocouplers: Application Overview
Relays and Optocouplers: Application Overview
Application Overview
Fotolia/...
Table of Contents
Functional Safety 12
Rail-Specific Requirements 22
Switching DC Loads 26
Glossary 32
Connection Technology 35
iStock.com/ lagereek
Immunity to electromagnetic interference and transient voltages Long service life – no mechanical wear on contacts
High, short-term overload on both input and output sides High switching frequency due to short switch-on
without losing functionality and switch-off times
Switching state is partially visible to the naked eye Short response times
Read about “Relays” on page 6 Read about “Optocoupler and SSR modules” on page 28
4
©leungchopan/Fotolia.com
A large number of variants enhances application flexibility Seamless change from electronic to electromechanic
and range switching element
5
SELECTION CRITERIA FOR RELAYS
It’s in the Details
1) Coil 2) Contacts
Coil voltage; maximum continuous voltage; Contact arrangement; contact loading;
response voltage and pick-up current; contact material; service life; contact resistance;
drop-off voltage and dropout current isolation requirements; limiting continuous current
6
©Friedberg/Fotolia.com
7
LONG CABLES AND 2-WIRE SENSORS
Reliably Switch despite Coupling
To switch on, relay modules require the nominal What are the causes and how can they be solved?
voltage UN. For operation, however, the holding Long, parallel lines are capacitively coupled
voltage at only 15 % of the nominal voltage is suffi- to each other. Energy is then transferred to an
cient. In standard circuits, all relay modules operate adjacent conductor. Active 2-wire sensors, such
reliably. In circuits with long, parallel lines, in circuits as proximity switches or level monitors, normally
with active 2-wire sensors or with digital AC control require a minimum continuous current to ensure
outputs, however, a low holding voltage often leads that the holding voltage is maintained on the relay
to malfunction. The modules no longer switch off . control lines. Because of this behavior, the relay
This eff ect often occurs when updating systems, cannot switch correctly.
changing old “power-hungry” to current “pow- For such applications, WAGO has developed spe-
er-saving” relay modules. cifi c RC base load modules against interference
coupling and integrated them into the relay modu-
les. The modules minimize the unwanted voltages
at low loss and allow defined switching.
1 2 3 4 5 16 27 38 4 5 6 7 8
controllers
L1 N
8
Application example, line capacity (level measurement)
230 VAC
L1
N
N
C1
L (line length)
Is
L1
Limiting Continuous
Description Item No. Nominal Input Voltage VN
Current
A2
load module
contacts
* To prevent the gold layer from being damaged, 30 VDC switching voltages and 50 mA currents shall not be exceeded.
Higher switching power eventually evaporates the gold layer. The resulting deposits in the housing may reduce the service life.
9
MODERN LIGHTING WITH ELECTRONIC
CONTROL GEAR
Brief Current Peaks – Fatal Consequences
Equipped with electronic control gear (ECG), mo- What should be considered when planning lighting
dern lights offer numerous advantages. They gene- systems?
rate flicker-free light with high levels of efficiency. When selecting relays, the inrush current must
Both in planning new and replacing old lighting absolutely be considered. Standard relays quickly
systems, the inrush current of the ECG must be a reach their limits. For such applications, WAGO has
central focus. developed relay modules with contacts that safely
A capacitor in the input circuit of many ECGs control brief high peak inrush currents. The con-
causes a substantial current peak when switched tact material reliably prevents the contacts from
on that can exceed far more than ten times the catching or fusing.
nominal current. Even if the current lasts for just a For maximum inrush currents, relay modules with
few milliseconds, it can cause the relay contacts to two contacts working in parallel are available. The
fuse together. first contact consisting of high-strength tungsten
catches the current peak. The second contact
consisting of highly conductive silver alloy mana-
ges the operational current.
As an alternative to relays, the WAGO product port-
folio includes optocouplers and solid-state relays
for use with capacitive loads. Special designs with
zero voltage switches minimize the peaks.
10
©panthermedia.net/scanrail
When switching on lamps, substantial current peaks briefly occur.
The unwanted effect of wear and contact erosion can be prevented
by lamp load relays.
A1
+ 14
Solid-state relay module,
788-720 24 VDC 1A
A2 13
zero voltage switch
-
A1 13
Solid-state relay module,
788-721 24 V AC/DC 4A
14
zero voltage switch
A2
A A = Automatik (AUTO)
0 = AUS
feedback contact
n.c.
B2 13 13
A2
-
A2
-
11
iStock.com/Richard Clark
Signal monitoring: Relays with force-guided contacts make it
possible to quickly detect errors such as opening failures.
FUNCTIONAL SAFETY
Detect Errors in Safety-Related Circuits
To comply with relevant policies and regulations for
functional safety, the use of special components is
Short circuit
compulsory. These components must meet strict
in the output contact
requirements. For relay modules, force-guided
Auxiliary break
contacts with at least one break contact and make Safety contacts,
contacts for
safety circuits
contact are required. They must be connected me- force-guided
prohibited
13 23 33 41
chanically so that break contacts and make contacts
cannot be closed or opened at the same time. This
allows errors due to opening failures to be clearly
identifi ed. Only errors due to opening and isolation
failures are of importance in safety-related matters.
K1
In a circuit, an open break contact can be detected
by a closed break contact. The same applies to a
closed make contact when the break contact is open.
K2
Of course, EN 50205 requirements also apply to
K2
relays with changeover contacts in safety-related cir-
cuits. It stipulates that per changeover contact, only
the break contact or make contact can be used and
the changeover contacts must be positively driven.
Therefore, only relays with at least two changeover
14 24 34 42
contacts can be used in safety-related circuits.
12
©th-photo/Fotolia.com
Limiting Continuous
Description Item No. Nominal Input Voltage VN
Current
13
THE CONTACT MATERIAL IS CRUCIAL
Small Circuit Loads/Harsh Environment
Standard relay contacts are normally made of silver There is not enough energy to break up and clean
alloys such as silver nickel, silver tin oxide or silver the oxide layer thermally. This results in malfunc-
cadmium. They are well suited for use in a variety tions that can be prevented using hard, gold-plated
of applications. However, they are limited to small contacts. Gold does not form an oxide layer and
loads, currents and voltages. The surfaces of the is also very resistant against corrosion in adverse
sliver alloys are prone to oxidation, which leads to conditions.
an increase in contact resistance. It is not a roblem WAGO has added a relay version with hard, gold
when switching larger loads because ever smaller plating to the relay portfolio for switching small
cleaning electric arcs result. That is not the case for loads. They are intended for such applications and
smaller loads. guarantee reliable signal transmission over a long
period.
14
Contact Material Application Area
AgSnO2 – silver tin oxide contact For high switching loads, primarily in supply voltage applications with high
inrush currents
Very low tendency to fuse, good burn-off resistance
Low material material migration when switching from DC
AgNi + Au – silver-nickel contact with hard gold plating Small load range
Very corrosion resistant; important material for reliable contact at low
switching capacities
15
©tuastockphoto/Fotolia.com
In chemical plants, sewage plants or in steel production,
aggressive gases always have to be taken into account: Relays
with gold contacts protect against oxidation and corrosion.
In some sectors of industry, like chemical plants How can malfunctions be prevented?
and steelworks, as well as in sewage plants, Like switching smaller loads, hard, gold-plated con-
aggressive gasses are common. Higher pollution tacts excel in these applications. Relays equipped
levels, as well as high humidity and high temperatu- with gold-plated contacts operate reliably in small
res negatively impact electrical components. load applications up to 50 mA and 30 V. For these
Relay modules with contacts made of silver alloys jobs, WAGO has developed a relay model that gua-
are not the fi rst choice. The contact surfaces oxi- rantees reliable operation.
dize preventing switching operations from applying
enough energy to reliably break up the oxide layer
thermally. Malfunctions then result.
16
Relay Selection with Gold Contacts
Limiting Continuous
Description Item No. Nominal Input Voltage VN
Current
857-314 24 VDC
A2
14
A2
–
11
859-314 24 VDC
A1
+ 12 Relay module with 1 changeo-
ver contact, with gold cont- 5 A*
14
acts, for normal switching
859-359 230 VAC
A2
~ 11
A1
~
12
788-412 24 VDC
14
11
12
24
A1
+ 21
858-314 24 VDC
22
34
31
A2
- 32
44
41 Industrial relay module,
42
*To prevent the gold layer from being damaged, 30 VDC switching voltages and 50 mA currents shall not be exceeded.
Higher switching power eventually evaporates the gold layer. The resulting deposits in the housing may reduce the service life.
17
RELAYS WITH MANUAL OPERATION
Switch Manually and Electrically
To switch individual circuits specifi cally without Mechanical or Electrical Manual Operation
actuating the controller has a number of tangible
advantages in a number of applications, e.g., at WAGO off ers to alternatives for the relay modules
start-up. For complex building control systems, with manual operation. Version one is designed
individual building systems can be checked and for front panel manual operation, i.e., the contacts
commissioned independently of the controller are only closed manually. In manual operation, the
setup. The same applies to commissioning in modules are limited to approximately 100 switching
industrial processes. When troubleshooting, or to operations. In automatic mode, these modules
ensure limited manual operation, service and main- complete the usual switching operations of the
tenance personnel appreciate the option of manual relay.
operation. With the second version with manual operation, the
relay coil is electrically connected. The operating
status can be set via a Manual/OFF/Auto switch
on the front panel. The relay modules complete
the usual switching operations of the relay without
limitation.
Application example,
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
building automation
ON
18
Relay Selection with Manual Operation
Limiting Continuous
Description Item No. Nominal Input Voltage VN
Current
788-346 24 VDC 8A
nical status indication, manual
24
A2
21
-
22
operation
14
12
Relay module with 2 changeover
contact, manual operation for
A1 24
+ 22
789-1346 24 VDC 8A
manual start-up, electrical and
mechanical status indication
A2
– 21
11
14
11 Industrial relay module,
4 changeover contacts, manual
12
24
A1
+ 21
indication
41
42
indication
Limiting Continuous
Description Item No. Nominal Input Voltage VN
Current
A A = Automatisk
A2
-
13 13
Auto switch
A2
-
24 VDC 16 A
Lamp load relay module with
A A = Automatisk
0 0 = OFF
1 1 = Manuell PA
A1
789-325
(+24V)
+
B1
n.c.
B2 13 13
Auto switch with feedback
contact
A2
-
A2
-
19
RELAYS WITH A WIDE INPUT VOLTAGE RANGE
Versatile
In principle, the relay modules with a wide input vol- They are recommended for a number of applica-
tage range are well-rounded, making them perfect tions, e.g., service and maintenance. Technicians
for virtually any application. Like the WAGO standard and maintenance specialists need only one relay
relay modules, they comply with all relevant stan- module for all voltages that is immediately acces-
dards and regulations. These relay modules are de- sible in the case of error to replace a defective mo-
signed for DC and AC voltages from 24 V to 230 V, dule. A comprehensive inventory of relay modules
can connect limiting continuous currents up to 6 A for various voltage ranges is no longer necessary.
and have the same number of switching cycles as The “One module for all applications” principle also
the standard versions. optimizes production and storage for manufactu-
rers with small production runs that are exported
internationally. They need only one relay module
as the world standard. For ease of use and reliable
electrical connections, WAGO equips the relay
modules with push-in CAGE CLAMP® connection
technology.
20
©industrieblick/Fotolia.com
Limiting Continuous
Description Item No. Nominal Input Voltage VN
Current
*To prevent the gold layer from being damaged, 30 VDC switching voltages and 50 mA currents shall not be exceeded.
Higher switching power eventually evaporates the gold layer. The resulting deposits in the housing may reduce the service life.
21
Within railway applications, there are special requirements for ©TTstudio/Fotolia.com
RAIL-SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS
Master Voltage Fluctuations
Railway systems have two fundamental areas of Brief spikes up to 1.4 times the nominal voltage may
application: There are the fi xed installations in signal not cause any damage. Deviations from these rules
boxes, turnout systems and access systems on the only apply to components powered by stabilized vol-
one hand. On the other, there are installations in rail tage supplies. Fluctuations of ±10 % of the nominal
vehicles. Of central importance in this area is EN voltage are permitted – values common for industrial
50155, which differs significantly from traditional applications.
industrial standards. All components used in railway
applications must operate reliably at voltages bet-
ween 70 % and 125 % of the nominal voltage.
22
Relay Options for Railway Systems
Limiting Continuous
Description Item No. Nominal Input Voltage VN
Current
A1
14 Relay module with 2 changeover
11
+ contacts, manual operation and
788-390 24 VDC 3A
12
A2
24
extended input voltage/tempe-
21
rature range
-
22
14
11
A1
12
24
21
Relay module with 4 changeover
contacts and extended input 858-354 24 VDC 5A
+
22
34
voltage/temperature range
31
A2
- 32
44
41
42
14
11
12 Relay module with 4 changeover
contacts and extended input
24
A1
+ 21
858-355 24 VDC 5 A*
22
voltage/temperature range,
34
31
A2
- 32
*To prevent the gold layer from being damaged, 30 VDC switching voltages and 50 mA currents shall not be exceeded.
Higher switching power eventually evaporates the gold layer. The resulting deposits in the housing may reduce the service life.
Limiting Continuous
Description Item No. Nominal Input Voltage VN
Current
A2 2
Optocoupler module with exten-
ded input voltage and temperature 859-798 12 VDC 100 mA
– –
RL
A1
+
1
+ range, for railway applications
A2
–
2
–
Optocoupler module with exten-
RL ded input voltage and temperature 859-794 24 VDC 100 mA
range, for railway applications
A1 1
+ +
A1
+
1
+
Optocoupler module with exten-
ded input voltage and temperature 859-795 5 VDC 100 mA
RL
23
Photo: vossloh
RAIL-SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS
Ambient Operating Temperature and Mechanical Influences
Components such as relay modules are exposed to The WAGO relay modules meet all requirements for
extreme temperatures of ‒40 °C to +70 °C in railway use in railway operations in categories 1A to 1B. Due
applications depending on the area of application. to the spring-loaded connection, they also offer high
This is because the control cabinet is sometimes shock and vibration resistance.
installed in steel housings below the passenger
compartment that are not climate controlled. In prin-
ciple, depending on the place of installation and heat
ratio, the railway divides the areas of application for
electrical components into four temperature classes,
from T1 to TX.
Experience has shown that a number of applications
fall in class T3, which corresponds to the tempera-
ture range of ‒25 °C to +70 °C. All WAGO relay modu-
les for railway applications correspond to the highest
classes of T3 or TX.
Loads due to vibration and shock are also significant
in railway vehicles. EN 61373 “Railway applications –
Rolling stock equipment – Shock and vibration tests”
describes the mechanical influences in detail caused
by operation.
24
M
I
Internal cabinet
N Vehicle cabinet
K
F
Subassembly
O
J
Underfloor cabinet D
G Bogie
H
Wheelset
MNO
1 Class A Components attached directly to or in the vehicle
I and J
1 Class B D Components installed in a underfl oor cabinet which in turn is attached to the vehicle body
1 Class B K and E Components installed in a large internal cabinet which in turn is attached to the vehicle body
2 G Cabinets, subassemblies, devices and components attached to the bogie of a railway vehicle
3 H Cabinets, devices and components or assemblies attached to the wheelset of a railway vehicle
External Vehicle Ambient Internal Cabinet Internal Cabinet Overtemperature Air Temperature
Temperature Temperature (< 10 min) on the PCB
25
DC load limit curve DC load limit curve DC load limit curve
788-312 858-391 858-304, -308
Switching current (A)
1 1 Contact 1 1
1 Contact
0.5 0.5 0.5
2 Contacts in series
3 Contacts in series
0.2 0.2 0.2
4 Contacts in series DC inductive load,
L/R = 40 ms
0.1 0.1 0.1
10 20 30 50 100 200 300 10 20 30 50 100 200 300 10 20 30 50 100 200 300
SWITCHING DC LOADS
Contacts Connected in Series Improve Load Limit Curve
Applications in DC relays are limited to selected An albeit significantly weakened effect can be
areas, which are often battery-backed to increase achieved with “series-connected contacts” as the
availability. Such applications include controller DC load curves show. Because the contacts are
instrumentation and control in power plants, slightly offset in time, the double values are not
chemical systems or railway systems. Safely achieved like for a single contact with double
switching DC loads requires sophisticated tech- distances.
nology. Unlike AC loads, the switching arc is not
extinguished automatically with the zero voltage. Static electric arc limit curve
For DC loads, the arc length is largely dependent 3 1 Arc-free wiring Schaltungen
Lichtbogenfreie
Switching current (A)
2
1
26
©panthermedia.net/Leung Cho Pan
High DC voltages in battery-backed process control systems:
Relay with contacts connected in series control arcs.
Limiting Continuous
Description Item No. Nominal Input Voltage VN
Current
14
11
A1
12
24 858-304 24 VDC
Industrial relay module,
+ 21
5A
22
4 changeover contacts
34
31
A2
32
14
11
12
24
A1
Industrial relay module,
+ 21
4 changeover contacts
34
31
A2
- 32
44
41
42
27
Ideal for production lines: Optocouplers distinguish themselves
with long service lives and short clearing times.
WAGO has developed a wide range of optocoupler For areas of application with high switching peaks,
and SSR modules for industrial applications. The WAGO has developed optocouplers and solid-sta-
optocouplers are directly integrated into the te relays with zero voltage switch. These minimize
housing for all WAGO optocoupler modules. SSR peaks.
modules are interchangeable solid-state relays
that are PIN compatible with all standard relays. As an interface module between process periphe-
There is an extensive portfolio with versions for rals, as well as control and signaling equipment,
both DC and AC voltages. They are designed for optocouplers and solid-state relays (SSR) impress
nominal voltage ranges in the input of 5 V to 230 V with the following advantages:
and in the output between 3 V and 280 V. • Long service life
The integrated protective circuit ensures sound • No mechanical wear
operation in all applications. The modules switch • No contact bouncing
loads with inrush and switch-off currents equally. • Short clearing times
These include incandescent bulbs with resistive • Low inrush current
and ECG with capacitive load to the originators • Silent
of high inrush currents, magnet valves with their • Shock- and vibration-resistance
inductive coils to the originators of burdening
switch-off currents.
28
©Hamik/Fotolia.com
-
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
ON
14
13
857-704 24 VDC 0 … 48 VDC 0.1 ADC
N.C.
14
N.C.
A1 14 -
+
A1 14 -
+
A1 1
+ +
RL
859-796 24 VDC 3 … 30 VDC 100 mA
A2 2
– –
A1 1
Optocoupler module
+ +
RL
859-795 5 VDC 3 … 30 VDC 100 mA
A2 2
– –
A2 13
–
13 A2
–
Power optocoupler
RL
module 859-762 24 VDC 3 … 30 VDC 3A
14 A1
+
A2 -2
–
RL
859-744 48 VDC 3 … 53 VDC 4A
A1
+ A
30
Selection for DC Load, 3-Wire Connection
A1 24V
Power optocoupler mo-
859-720 24 VDC 10 … 30 VDC 3A
+
RL
A2
A
dule, negative switching
–
0V
Optocoupler module,
A2 0V
—
Optocoupler module,
A2 0V
—
positive switching
A
A1
+ +24 V
14
13
Solid-state relay module 857-714 24 VDC 24 … 240 VAC 2 A AC
N.C.
A1
+ 14
A1 13
A2 14
Solid-state relay module 788-721 24 V AC/DC 12 … 275 VAC 4 A AC
31
GLOSSARY
Respond Freewheel diodes
Change in the switching position of a relay from Recovery diodes are primarily used to protect
the idle state (e.g., make contacts open) to the against overvoltages that arise when switching
working state (e.g., make contacts closed) caused off an inductive DC load (electric motor, relay coil)
by applying the power; this process was formerly by self-induction. Voltage peaks are limited to the
called “tightening.” value of the diode forward voltage and overruns
diverted via the diode. However, this leads to a
Bistable relay delay in the voltage drop and switching operation.
Electrical relay that remains in the achieved swit-
ching state after switching off the power; to return Electrical isolation
to the initial state, another suitable state (e.g., Potential-free isolation between electrical parts;
triggering the reset coil) is necessary. with galvanic isolation, no charge carriers flow
from one circuit to another, i.e., there is no elec-
Inrush current trically conductive connection between circuits.
The indication of the maximum inrush current However, the circuits can still exchange electrical
specifies which peak current is allowed when swit- power or signals and specifically via magnetic
ching on a contact under defined conditions (e.g., fields, by means of infrared radiation or charge
voltage, power factor, time response) without the displacement.
relay then malfunctioning. The inrush current can
often be much higher. Solid-state relay
Solid-state relay with a switching element that is
Electrical service life an electronic component, e.g., transistor, thyristor
Number of switching cycles until the relay fails or triac; solid-state resistors that boast wear-free
under a specified electrical load and defined operation; compared to relays, they have a high
operating conditions; the standard service life switching frequency. Galvanic isolation is achieved
values usually apply to the maximum permissible by an integrated optocoupler.
resistive load. For smaller switching loads, a much
longer service life is expected. For larger swit- Contact type
ching loads, the service life is greatly reduced. The three most important contact types (also
called the contact spring set) are make contact,
Electrical relay closed contact and changeover contact.
Component that generates sudden predeter- They are abbreviated as follows:
mined changes to one or more output criteria Germany UK America
when certain requirements in the excitation circuit Make contact 1 make A SPST-NO
(input circuit) are met. (normally open)
Break contact 2 break B SPST-NC
Electromechanical relay (normally closed)
Electrical relay in which the electrical current Changeover changeover C SPDT
effects mechanical movements in the excitation contact 21
circuit that execute the operation in the output
circuit. Creepage distance
Shortest distance between two conductive parts
measured along the surface of an insulating
material.
32
Short-circuit-protected Optocoupler
Switching off the final stage of a solid-state relay Optocouplers are electronic components with
to protect the output circuit against destruction in which a load current is switched via a control
the event of a short circuit. circuit. Unlike electromechanical relays, optocou-
plers have no mechanical parts prone to wear.
Load category (solid-state relay) Load classifica- In the control circuit, a light signal is triggered
tion for solid-state relays according to EN 62314 for the switching operation via an LED that in a
photosensitive semiconductor receiver causes
LC A – Resistive loads or low inductive loads the closure of an applied load circuit. Sender (LED)
LC B – Motor loads and receiver (e.g., phototransistor) are embedded
LC C – Electrical discharge lamps in a light-conductive plastic and surrounded by an
LC D – Incandescent lamps opaque envelope that protects against external
LC E – Transformers influences.
LC F – Capacitive loads
Bounce time
Leakage current Time from the first to the final closure (or opening)
Current on the load side of an optocoupler that of a contact caused by shock processes of the
flows in the locked state of the output stage. Clea- contact movement; these shock processes are
rance Shortest air space between two conductive called “contact bouncing.”
parts.
Release time
Mechanical service life Time between switching off the coil excitation
Number of switching cycles during which the relay and the first opening of the make contact or first
remains functional with current-free switching closing of the break contact.
contacts.
Switching inductive load
Monostable relay For inductive loads mainly present when using
Electrical relay that returns to its initial state after coils in the load circuit, the problem arises when
switching off the energizing quantity. switching off. A magnetic field forms from the cur-
rent flow in the coil that suddenly collapses and
Normally closed contact generates a high induction voltage. This voltage
The contact is closed when the relay is in the idle peak must be short circuited by a diode connec-
state and open when the relay is in the working ted in parallel. However, the time needed leads to
state. a fall delay.
33
GLOSSARY
Switching capacitive load
Capacity loads occur when there is capacitor in RT III: Wash tight (washable) relay
the load circuit. This acts like a short circuit when Relay capable of being automatically soldered and
switching on and causes a high inrush current. If subsequently undergoing a washing process to
the current is no limited, it can destroy the semi- remove flux residues without allowing the ingress
conductor. of flux or washing solvents.
RT IV: Sealed relay
Switching resistive load Relay provided with a housing that has no vents to
Because the amperage in the load circuit and the the outside atmosphere, and has a time constant
voltage via the semiconductor behave inversely better than > 2x104 s (IEC60068-2-17).
proportional to each other for resistive loads, the- RT V: Hermetically sealed relay
re is usually no problem. Maintaining the maximum Sealed relay having an enhanced level of sealing,
amperage and voltage levels of the components assuring a time constant better than > 2x106 s
is sufficient here. There is a special case when (IEC60068-2-17).
switching incandescent bulbs. Due to the low
cold resistance, overcurrents at 10 to 20 times Changeover contact
the operating current can arise when switching Compound contact consisting of break contact
on. The components must be designed for these and make contact with a common terminal; if one
potential overloads that correspond to the effect of the contact circuits is open, the other is closed.
with capacitive load.
Switching cycle
The response and relapse of a relay as a result of
switching on and off the power.
Make contact
The contact is closed when the relay is in the
working state and open when the relay is in the
idle state.
Switching current
Current (AC or DC) that can switch a relay contact
on and off. Degree of protection, categories for
elementary relays according to IEC 61810:
RT 0: Unenclosed relay
Relay not provided with a protective housing.
RT I: Dust-protected relay
Relay provided with a housing that protects its
mechanisms from dust.
RT II: Flux-proof relay
Relay capable of being automatically soldered
without allowing the migration of solder fluxes
beyond the intended areas.
34
CONNECTION TECHNOLOGY
35
0888-0192/0202-6901 – RELAYS & OPTOCOUPLERS 2.2 US – 02/2016-00 – Printed in Germany – Subject to design changes