This document outlines the questions for a civil engineering materials exam, including questions about metals, concrete, timber, polymers, and road bitumen. It provides instructions to candidates to answer any 5 of the 7 questions. The questions cover topics such as metal heat treatment and work hardening, joining materials, material properties testing, concrete mix design and curing, timber defects and seasoning, polymer classifications and uses, and tests used to characterize different types of road bitumen.
This document outlines the questions for a civil engineering materials exam, including questions about metals, concrete, timber, polymers, and road bitumen. It provides instructions to candidates to answer any 5 of the 7 questions. The questions cover topics such as metal heat treatment and work hardening, joining materials, material properties testing, concrete mix design and curing, timber defects and seasoning, polymer classifications and uses, and tests used to characterize different types of road bitumen.
This document outlines the questions for a civil engineering materials exam, including questions about metals, concrete, timber, polymers, and road bitumen. It provides instructions to candidates to answer any 5 of the 7 questions. The questions cover topics such as metal heat treatment and work hardening, joining materials, material properties testing, concrete mix design and curing, timber defects and seasoning, polymer classifications and uses, and tests used to characterize different types of road bitumen.
This document outlines the questions for a civil engineering materials exam, including questions about metals, concrete, timber, polymers, and road bitumen. It provides instructions to candidates to answer any 5 of the 7 questions. The questions cover topics such as metal heat treatment and work hardening, joining materials, material properties testing, concrete mix design and curing, timber defects and seasoning, polymer classifications and uses, and tests used to characterize different types of road bitumen.
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THE COPPERBELT UNIVERSITY
SCHOOL OF BUILT ENVIRONMENT
2004 SESSIONAL EXAMINATIONS
ESC230: CIVIL ENGINEERING MATERIALS.
TIME ALLOWED : Three (3) hours
INSTRUCTIONS TO THE CANDIDATES
1) This paper has seven questions.
2) You are required to answer any five questions. 3) Marks are indicated against each question. QUESTION 1. a) With the aid of diagrams explain the essential differences between tensile strength, shear strength and impact strength. ( 6 marks) b) Explain what is meant by the heat treatment of metals and why this is often necessary. ( 4 marks ) c) Explain the meaning of the following terms associated with heat treatment: i. Annealing ( 2 marks ) ii. Quenching ( 2 marks ) iii. Normalizing ( 2 marks ) iv. Recovery ( 2marks ) d) Explain what is meant by the term “work hardening” as applied to metals.(2marks)
QUESTION 2. a) Describe the essential difference between the processes of soft soldering and fusion welding. (2 marks) b) Explain how thermoplastic sheet materials can be joined by: i. Heat welding. ( 2 marks) ii. Solvent welding. ( 2 marks) c) State four precautions that should be taken when working with solvent-activated adhesives? ( 4 marks) d) Explain the difference between heat-activated and solvent-activated adhesives. (4marks) e) Describe the following defects which may be found in metal castings: i. Blow holes. ( 2 marks) ii. Porosity. ( 2 marks) iii. Scabs. ( 2 marks)
QUESTION 3. a) With the aid of a diagram describe the difference ultimate tensile stress and proof stress when determining the properties of a ductile metal. ( 4 marks ) b) Calculate the following: i. Modulus of elasticity for a given material, given the following data: Applied load 7.2KN Cross-sectional diameter 10mm (2 marks) Gauge length 35mm Extension 0.5mm ii. Elongation percentage for a ductile material if the extension at fracturis10mm on a gauge length of 28mm. ( 2 marks ) c) Explain the difference between ductility and malleability. ( 2 marks ) d) Explain why non-destructive testing of materials is an essential element of a programme of quality control. ( 4 marks ) e) Compare the advantages and limitations of the following inspection techniques for finding surface and internal defects in components: i. Dye penetrants. (3marks) ii. Ultrasonic testing. (3mar QUESTION 4. What are the basic steps in the DOE method concrete mix design? Explain how the following affect the strength of hardened concrete: i. Method of preparation. (2marks) ii. Test conditions. (2marks) iii. Curing. (2marks) iv. Water. (2marks) v. Cement. (2marks) a) Explain the following in reference to fresh concrete: i. Workability. (2marks) ii. Segregation. (3marks) b) State five (5) desirable qualities of aggregate which are necessary to produce concrete of good quality. (5marks)
QUESTION 5. a) State four uses of timber for medium/light construction work and explain the requirements of the timber and problems likely to be faced. (4marks) b) Describe the following timber defects: i. Chemical defects. (2marks) ii. Conversion defects. (2marks) iii. Seasoning defects. (2marks) c) State the properties of timber that require knowing to design a timber structure. (5marks) d) Describe kiln seasoning of timber and state the essential requirements of the method. (5marks)
QUESTION 6. a) Explain the following terms : i. Thermoplastic polymers. (3 marks) ii. Thermosetting polymers. (3 marks) b) Describe five (5) uses of polymers in civil engineering. (5 marks) c) Explain why additives are added to plastic materials. (5 marks) d) Explain what is meant by an elastomer and how it differs from other polymeric materials. (4 mark
QUESTION 7. a) Describe the principle difference between the following: i. Penetration grade road bitumen. (3marks) ii. Cut-back road bitumen. (3marks) iii. Emulsion road bitumen. (3marks) b) Explain consistency in reference to road bitumen. (2marks) c) What is the significance of the following tests on road bitumen: i. Penetration test. (3marks) ii. Viscosity test. (3marks) iii. Softening point test. (3marks)
