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    MATH

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    Anam
    The document discusses various topics in matrix algebra including types of matrices such as row matrices, column matrices, square matrices, triangular matrices, and diagonal matrices. It also covers matrix operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication, and transpose as well as properties including symmetric, skew-symmetric, Hermitian, and unitary matrices. Key concepts are introduced such as the determinant, trace, inverse and nilpotent, idempotent and involutory matrices.

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    MATH

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    Anam
    70 views3 pages
    The document discusses various topics in matrix algebra including types of matrices such as row matrices, column matrices, square matrices, triangular matrices, and diagonal matrices. It also covers matrix operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication, and transpose as well as properties including symmetric, skew-symmetric, Hermitian, and unitary matrices. Key concepts are introduced such as the determinant, trace, inverse and nilpotent, idempotent and involutory matrices.

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    Math class lecture

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    MATH ক্লাস লেকচার

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    The document discusses various topics in matrix algebra including types of matrices such as row matrices, column matrices, square matrices, triangular matrices, and diagonal matrices. It also covers matrix operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication, and transpose as well as properties including symmetric, skew-symmetric, Hermitian, and unitary matrices. Key concepts are introduced such as the determinant, trace, inverse and nilpotent, idempotent and involutory matrices.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    70 views3 pages

    MATH

    Uploaded by

    Anam
    The document discusses various topics in matrix algebra including types of matrices such as row matrices, column matrices, square matrices, triangular matrices, and diagonal matrices. It also covers matrix operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication, and transpose as well as properties including symmetric, skew-symmetric, Hermitian, and unitary matrices. Key concepts are introduced such as the determinant, trace, inverse and nilpotent, idempotent and involutory matrices.

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    of 3

    Matrix Algebra

    Math-2153
    Section-B

    System of Linear Equations

    Linear Equation

    Solution Parametric Solution

    System of Linear Equations

    Homogeneous Non-homogeneous

    Consistent Inconsistent
    (No Solution)

    Unique Solution More than One Solutions

    Trivial Solution

    Non-trivial Sol.
    Show that every system of linear equations has either no solutions, exactly one solution or
    infinitely many solutions.

    Solution:
    Consider a general system of two linear equations in the unknowns x and y,
    𝑎1 𝑥 + 𝑏1 𝑦 = 𝑐1 (𝑎1 , 𝑏1 not both zero) (1)
    𝑎2 𝑥 + 𝑏2 𝑦 = 𝑐2 (𝑎2 , 𝑏2 not both zero) (2)
    If we interpret x, y as coordinates in the xy-plane then the equations (1) and (2) represent two straight
    lines 𝑙1 and 𝑙2 respectively and we know the intersecting point of the lines satisfies the equation of
    the lines. Hence the point of intersection will be the solution of the above system of linear equations.
    There are three possible cases of the lines 𝑙1 and 𝑙2 are illustrated in the following Fig. 1.

    𝑙1 𝑙1 and 𝑙2

    𝑙2

    𝑙1 𝑙2

    Fig. 1(a) Fig. 1(b) Fig. 1(c)

    The lines 𝑙1 and 𝑙2 may be parallel as shown in Fig. 1(a), in which case there is no intersection and
    consequently no solution to the system.
    The lines 𝑙1 and 𝑙2 may intersect at only one point as shown in Fig. 1(b), in which case the system
    has exactly one solution.
    The lines 𝑙1 and 𝑙2 may coincide as shown in Fig. 1(c), in which case there are infinitely many
    points of intersection and consequently infinitely many solutions to the system.
    Therefore the general system of two linear equations has either no solutions, exactly one solution or
    infinitely many solutions.
    Since the same three possibilities hold for arbitrary linear systems, hence every system of linear
    equations has either no solutions, exactly one solution or infinitely many solutions.
    [Showed]

    Home Work
    Lipschutz’s Book, Page No. 25, Example- 2.2, 2.3, 2.4 and 2.6.
    Rahaman’s Book, Page No. 25, Example- 10, 11, 12.
    Matrix Algebra

    Matrices

    Row
    Matrix

    Column
    Matrices over Matrices over
    Matrix
    Complex Field Real Field
    Rectangular
    Matrix Null Matrix
    Complex Conjugate of Matrix
    Square
    Real Matrix Matrix

    Imaginary Matrix
    Triangular Diagonal
    Trace of Matrix
    Matrix Matrix

    Upper Triangular Scalar


    Transpose of Matrix
    Matrix
    Lower Triangular
    Symmetric Matrix
    𝐴𝑡 = A Identity
    Matrix
    Skew-symmetric Matrix
    𝐴𝑡 = −A Determinant of Matrix

    Singular Matrix
    Hermitian Matrix |A| = 0
    𝐴̅ 𝑡 = A Non-singular Matrix
    |A| ≠ 0
    Skew-Hermitian Matrix
    𝐴̅ 𝑡 = −A

    Unitary Matrix
    𝐴̅ 𝑡 . A = I
    Addition Scalar Multiplication
    Matrix Operations
    Subtraction Multiplication of Matrices

    Multiplication of a Square Matrix

    Nilpotent Matrix Idempotent Matrix Involutory Matrix


    𝐴2 = Null Matrix 𝐴2 = A 𝐴2 = I

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