Location via proxy:   [ UP ]  
[Report a bug]   [Manage cookies]                
Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 19 views

    Radio Isotope (Gamma) Sources: Radiography

    Uploaded by

    kingston
    Manmade radioactive cobalt-60 and iridium-192 sources are used for industrial radiography. Cobalt-60 emits 1.33 and 1.17 MeV gamma rays while iridium-192 emits 0.31, 0.47, and 0.60 MeV gamma rays. These sources are contained in steel capsules that are attached to flexible cables and housed in heavy shielded exposure devices for transportation and use. To perform radiography, the source is cranked out of the device and into position using a collimator, then cranked back in after exposure.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Radio Isotope (Gamma) Sources: Radiography

    Uploaded by

    kingston
    19 views3 pages
    Manmade radioactive cobalt-60 and iridium-192 sources are used for industrial radiography. Cobalt-60 emits 1.33 and 1.17 MeV gamma rays while iridium-192 emits 0.31, 0.47, and 0.60 MeV gamma rays. These sources are contained in steel capsules that are attached to flexible cables and housed in heavy shielded exposure devices for transportation and use. To perform radiography, the source is cranked out of the device and into position using a collimator, then cranked back in after exposure.

    Original Title

    rt-18

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Manmade radioactive cobalt-60 and iridium-192 sources are used for industrial radiography. Cobalt-60 emits 1.33 and 1.17 MeV gamma rays while iridium-192 emits 0.31, 0.47, and 0.60 MeV gamma rays. These sources are contained in steel capsules that are attached to flexible cables and housed in heavy shielded exposure devices for transportation and use. To perform radiography, the source is cranked out of the device and into position using a collimator, then cranked back in after exposure.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    19 views3 pages

    Radio Isotope (Gamma) Sources: Radiography

    Uploaded by

    kingston
    Manmade radioactive cobalt-60 and iridium-192 sources are used for industrial radiography. Cobalt-60 emits 1.33 and 1.17 MeV gamma rays while iridium-192 emits 0.31, 0.47, and 0.60 MeV gamma rays. These sources are contained in steel capsules that are attached to flexible cables and housed in heavy shielded exposure devices for transportation and use. To perform radiography, the source is cranked out of the device and into position using a collimator, then cranked back in after exposure.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 3

    1/28/13 Isotope Sources

    Home - Education Resources - NDT Course Material - Radiography


    -
    Radiography

    Introduction
    Radio Isotope (Gamma) Sources History
    Pre se nt State
    Future Dire ction
    Manmade radioactive sources are produced by introducing an extra neutron to atoms of the
    source material. As the material rids itself of the neutron, energy is released in the form of Physics of Radiography
    Nature of Pe ne trating
    gamma rays. Two of the more common industrial gamma-ray sources for industrial radiography R adiation
    X-rays
    are iridium-192 and cobalt-60. These isotopes emit radiation in a few discreet wavelengths. Gam m a R ays
    Cobalt-60 will emit a 1.33 and a 1.17 MeV gamma ray, and iridium-192 will emit 0.31, 0.47, Activity
    De cay R ate
    and 0.60 MeV gamma rays. In comparison to an X-ray generator, cobalt-60 produces energies -C arbon 14 Dating
    comparable to a 1.25 MeV X-ray system and iridium-192 to a 460 keV X-ray system. These Ionization Inve rse Square Law
    high energies make it possible to penetrate thick materials with a relatively short exposure time. Inte raction of R T/Matte r
    Atte nuation C oe fficie nt
    This and the fact that sources are very portable are the main reasons that gamma sources are Half-Value Laye r
    widely used for field radiography. Of course, the disadvantage of a radioactive source is that it Source s of Atte nuation
    -C om pton Scatte ring
    can never be turned off and safely managing the source is a constant responsibility. Ge om e tric Unsharpne ss
    Filte rs in R adiography
    Scatte r/R adiation C ontrol
    Physical size of isotope materials varies between manufacturers, but generally an isotope R adiation Safe ty

    material is a pellet that measures 1.5 mm x 1.5 mm. Depending on the level of activity desired, a Equipment & Materials
    pellet or pellets are loaded into a stainless steel capsule and sealed by welding. The capsule is X-ray Ge ne rators
    R adio Isotope Source s
    attached to short flexible cable called a pigtail. R adiographic Film
    Ex posure Vaults

    Techniques & Calibrations


    Im aging C onside ration
    C ontrast
    De finition
    R adiographic De nsity
    C haracte ristic C urve s
    Ex posure C alculations
    C ontrolling Q uality
    Film Proce ssing
    Vie wing R adiographs
    R adiograph Inte rp-W e lds
    R adiograph Inte rp -
    C astings

    A dvanced Techniques
    R e al-tim e R adiography
    C om pute d Tom ography
    XR SIM

    R e fe re nce s

    Quizzes
    -

    The source capsule and the pigtail is housed in a shielding device referred to as a exposure
    device or camera. Depleted uranium is often used as a shielding material for sources. The
    exposure device for iridium-192 and cobalt-60 sources will contain 45 pounds and 500 pounds
    www.ndt-ed.org/EducationResources/CommunityCollege/Radiography/EquipmentMaterials/isotopesources.htm 1/3
    1/28/13 Isotope Sources

    of shielding materials, respectively. Cobalt cameras are often fixed to a trailer and transported
    to and from inspection sites. When the source is not being used to make an exposure, it is
    locked inside the exposure device.

    To make a radiographic exposure, a crank-out


    mechanism and a guide tube are attached to opposite
    ends of the exposure device. The guide tube often
    has a collimator at the end to shield the radiation
    except in the direction necessary to make the
    exposure. The end of the guide tube is secured in the
    location where the radiation source needs to be to
    produce the radiograph. The crank-out cable is
    stretched as far as possible to put as much distance
    as possible between the exposure device and the
    radiographer. To make the exposure, the
    radiographer quickly cranks the source out of the exposure device and into position in the
    collimator at the end of the guide tube. At the end of the exposure time, the source is cranked
    back into the exposure device. There is a series of safety procedures, which include several
    radiation surveys, that must be accomplished when making an exposure with a gamma source.
    See the radiation safety material for more information.

    www.ndt-ed.org/EducationResources/CommunityCollege/Radiography/EquipmentMaterials/isotopesources.htm 2/3
    1/28/13 Isotope Sources

    www.ndt-ed.org/EducationResources/CommunityCollege/Radiography/EquipmentMaterials/isotopesources.htm 3/3

    You might also like